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View/Download ACIPENSERIFORMES (Sturgeons and Paddlefishes) · 1 The ETYFish Project © Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara COMMENTS: v. 7.0 - 7 June 2021 Class ACTINOPTERI actino-, ray; pteron, fin or wing, i.e., fishes with fins of webbed skin supported by bony or horny spines (“rays”), as opposed to the fleshy, lobed fins that characterize Superclass Sarcopterygii Subclass CHONDROSTEI chondros, cartilage; osteo, bone, being primarily cartilaginous fishes that show some ossification Order ACIPENSERIFORMES 2 families · 6 genera · 32 species/subspecies Family ACIPENSERIDAE Sturgeons 4 genera · 30 species/subspecies Subfamily Acipenserinae Acipenser Linnaeus 1758 Latin for sturgeon, derived from the Greek akkipesios and perhaps equivalent to the Egyptian xipen-pennu (Thompson 1947); Kirsch & Fordice (1899) state name is a combination of the Greek akis, point, and pente, five, presumably referring to five rows of sharp scutes on body; Guasparri (2000) translates name from the Latin acus, needle, and pensum, weight (a quantity of wool given to handmaids to be woven or spun daily), i.e., a fish that “possesses a weight of needles,” referring to the “needle-shaped barbels” that hang down from its mouth Acipenser baerii baerii Brandt 1869 patronym not identified but probably in honor of Karl Ernst von Baer (1792-1876), Baltic-German Russian biologist Acipenser baerii baicalensis Nikolskii 1896 -ensis, suffix denoting place: Lake Baikal, Siberia, type locality Acipenser baerii stenorhynchus Nikolskii 1896 stenos, narrow; rhynchus, snout, referring to pointed snout compared to blunt snout of A. b. baerii Acipenser brevirostrum Lesueur 1818 brevis, short; rostrum, nose, referring to shorter snout compared to A. oxyrinchus Acipenser colchicus Marti 1940 -icus, belonging to: Colchis, ancient name for eastern coast of Black Sea in Eurasian Georgia, type locality Acipenser dabryanus Duméril 1869 -anus, belonging to: Pierre Dabry de Thiersant (1826-1898), fish culturist, French counsel to China, and student of Chinese fishes, who collected type Acipenser fulvescens Rafinesque 1817 Latin for yellowish or tawny, referring to its “dark fulvus color” Acipenser gueldenstaedtii Brandt & Ratzeburg 1833 in honor of Johann Anton Güldenstädt (1745-1781), Baltic-German naturalist and explorer, who identified this sturgeon in 1772 but used a non-Linnaean name (Sturio) Acipenser medirostris Ayres 1854 media, moderate or middle; rostris, snout, referring to size compared to specimens of A. transmontanus Ayres examined, all from San Francisco Bay, California, USA Acipenser mikadoi Hilgendorf 1892 patronym not identified but likely in honor of the “mikado” or emperor of Japan (Hilgendorf lectured at Tokyo College of Medicine from 1873-1876 and described this sturgeon from one he saw at a fish market) Acipenser naccarii Bonaparte 1836 in honor of philosopher, librarian and natural history professor Fortunato Luigi Naccari (1793-1860) Acipenser nudiventris Lovetsky 1828 nudus, bare; ventris, belly, referring to seeming absence of ventral scutes, which are totally absorbed in large adults Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus Mitchell 1815 oxy, sharp; rhynchus, snout, referring to sharply V-shaped snout Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi Vladykov 1955 in honor of Hernando (misspelled Fernando) de Soto (ca. 1496-1542), conquistador who explored the Gulf of The ETYFish Project · ACIPENSERIFORMES: Acipenseridae (Sturgeons) · 2 Mexico and was first European to see the Mississippi River Acipenser persicus Borodin 1897 Persian, referring to type locality in Caspian Sea, Iran Acipenser ruthenus ruthenus Linnaeus 1758 -us, adjectival suffix: from Ruthenia, historic name for Ukraine and/or Belarus, probably referring to distribution in eastern Europe Acipenser ruthenus marsiglii Brandt 1833 in honor of Luigi Ferdinando Marsigli (1658-1730), Italian solider and naturalist, who identified this sturgeon in 1726 but used a pre-Linnaean name (Antaceus glaber) Acipenser schrenckii Brandt 1869 patronym not identified but almost certainly in honor of Leopold von Schrenck (1826-1894), Baltic German Russian zoologist, geographer and ethnographer Acipenser sinensis Gray 1835 -ensis, suffix denoting place: Sinica (China), referring to distribution in Yangtze and Pearl River basins Acipenser stellatus Pallas 1771 starry, referring to stellated marks and tubercles on head Acipenser sturio Linnaeus 1758 Latin for sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus Richardson 1836 trans-, over; montanus, mountains, i.e., found on western side of North America’s Continental Divide Subfamily Scaphirhynchinae Scaphirhynchus Heckel 1836 skaphis, shovel; rhynchus, snout, referring to flat, shovel-shaped snout Scaphirhynchus albus (Forbes & Richardson 1905) white, referring to pallid coloration Scaphirhynchus platorhynchus (Rafinesque 1820) platys, flat; rhynchus, snout, referring to head (including snout) “flattened somewhat like a spade” Scaphirhynchus suttkusi Williams & Clemmer 1991 in honor of Royal D. Suttkus (1929-2009), noted authority on fishes of the southeastern USA and mentor to many ichthyologists Subfamily Pseudoscaphirhynchinae Pseudoscaphirhynchus Nikolskii 1900 pseudo-, false, i.e., although this genus may superficially resembleScaphirhynchus , and all three species previously assigned to it, such an appearance is false Pseudoscaphirhynchus fedtschenkoi (Kessler 1872) in honor of Russian naturalist and explorer Alexei Pavlovich Fedtschenko (1844-1873), who collected type Scaphirhynchus suttkusi. From: Williams, J. D. and G. H. Clemmer. 1991. Scaphirhynchus suttkusi, a new sturgeon (Pisces: Acipenseridae) from the Mobile basin of Alabama and Mississippi. Bulletin of the Alabama Museum of Natural History No. 10: 17-31. 3 · ACIPENSERIFORMES: Polyodontidae (Paddlefishes) · The ETYFish Project Pseudoscaphirhynchus hermanni (Kessler 1877) in honor of Hermann (forename not given), a ship officer (presumably on the Aralo-Caspian Expedition), who delivered sturgeon to zoologist and explorer Nikolai Severtsov (1827-1885), who coined the name in a presumably unpublished paper Pseudoscaphirhynchus kaufmanni (Kessler 1877) in honor of “Lord” Kaufman for the “professional help” (translation) he gave zoologist Modest Nikolaevich Bogdanov, who named the sturgeon in 1874 but did not provide distinguishing features; “Lord” Kaufman is almost certainly Konstantin Petrovich von Kaufmann (1818-1882, also spelled Kaufman), first Governor-General of Turkestan, who commissioned the scientific exploration of the land after it became part of the Russian Empire in the 1860s Subfamily Husinae Huso Brandt & Ratzeburg 1833 tautonymous with Acipenser huso; Medieval Latin and Old High German for sturgeon Huso dauricus (Georgi 1775) -icus, belonging to: Daourie, obsolete term applied to area of central Asia southeast of Lake Baikal to about 120˚E, roughly the range of this sturgeon in Amur River basin of Russia and China Huso huso (Linnaeus 1758) Medieval Latin and Old High German for sturgeon Family POLYODONTIDAE Paddlefishes Polyodon Lacepède 1797 poly, many; odon, tooth, referring to many teeth compared to no teeth in Acipenser [note: only juvenile Polyodon have teeth and type is a small specimen; name does not allude to numerous gill rakers as reported by many authors] Polyodon spathula (Walbaum 1792) spatula, paddle, spoon or broad blade used for stirring, referring to paddle-shaped rostrum Psephurus Günther 1873 psephos, pebble; oura, tailed, allusion not evident, possibly referring to heavy dorsal caudal fulcra in adults Psephurus gladius (Martens 1862) sword, referring to long sword-like rostrum [extinct due to overfishing and habitat loss, last seen alive in 2003] Illustration on which Walbaum based his account of Polyodon spathula. From: Mauduit, M. 1774. Sur quelques objets du Regne animal, apportés de la Louisiane. Observations sur la physique, sur l’histoire naturelle et sur les arts 4 (11): 384-397, pl II..
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