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The Archaeological Sites of the Island of Meroe
The Archaeological Sites of The Island of Meroe Nomination File: World Heritage Centre January 2010 The Republic of the Sudan National Corporation for Antiquities and Museums 0 The Archaeological Sites of the Island of Meroe Nomination File: World Heritage Centre January 2010 The Republic of the Sudan National Corporation for Antiquities and Museums Preparers: - Dr Salah Mohamed Ahmed - Dr Derek Welsby Preparer (Consultant) Pr. Henry Cleere Team of the “Draft” Management Plan Dr Paul Bidwell Dr. Nick Hodgson Mr. Terry Frain Dr. David Sherlock Management Plan Dr. Sami el-Masri Topographical Work Dr. Mario Santana Quintero Miss Sarah Seranno 1 Contents Executive Summary…………………………………………………………………. 5 1- Identification of the Property………………………………………………… 8 1. a State Party……………………………………………………………………… 8 1. b State, Province, or Region……………………………………………………… 8 1. c Name of Property………………………………………………………………. 8 1. d Geographical coordinates………………………………………………………. 8 1. e Maps and plans showing the boundaries of the nominated site(s) and buffer 9 zones…………………………………………………………………………………… 1. f. Area of nominated properties and proposed buffer zones…………………….. 29 2- Description…………………………………………………………………………. 30 2. a. 1 Description of the nominated properties………………………………........... 30 2. a. 1 General introduction…………………………………………………… 30 2. a. 2 Kushite utilization of the Keraba and Western Boutana……………… 32 2. a. 3 Meroe…………………………………………………………………… 33 2. a. 4 Musawwarat es-Sufra…………………………………………………… 43 2. a. 5 Naqa…………………………………………………………………..... 47 2. b History and development………………………………………………………. 51 2. b. 1 A brief history of the Sudan……………………………………………. 51 2. b. 2 The Kushite civilization and the Island of Meroe……………………… 52 3- Justification for inscription………………………………………………………… 54 …3. a. 1 Proposed statement of outstanding universal value …………………… 54 3. a. 2 Criteria under which inscription is proposed (and justification for 54 inscription under these criteria)………………………………………………………… ..3. -
Die Anfänge Der Römischen Herrschaft in Nubien Und Der Konflikt Zwischen Rom Und Meroe*
DIE ANFÄNGE DER RÖMISCHEN HERRSCHAFT IN NUBIEN UND DER KONFLIKT ZWISCHEN ROM UND MEROE* EINLEITUNG Als Oktavian im Jahre 30a Ägypten laut seinen eigenen Worten «zum Imperium des römischen Volkes hinzufügte»1, übernahm er von den Pto- lemäern auch einen Landstrich, der geographisch genau genommen nicht zu Aegyptus, sondern zu Aethiopia gehörte, da er sich südlich des ersten Nilkataraktes, gemäss heutiger Terminologie also in Nubien befindet. Es handelte sich dabei um die sogenannte Triakontaschoinos, das Dreissigmeilenland, das einen schmalen Landstreifen auf dem linken und rechten Nilufer über eine Strecke von ca. 315 km zwischen dem ersten und dem zweiten Nilkatarakt umfasste2. Diese Region, heute auch Unter- nubien genannt, war spätestens seit der Mitte des 2. Jahrhunderts v.Chr. unter ptolemäischer Kontrolle gewesen3 und ist es auch bis zum Ende des Ptolemäerreiches geblieben4. * Das Thema war Gegenstand von Vorträgen im Rahmen von Kolloquien an den Uni- versitäten Trier und Zürich. Den Professoren H. Heinen und B. Näf danke ich für Kritik und Hinweise. Die vorliegende Untersuchung wurde im April 2000 vom Preisinstitut der Universität Zürich ausgezeichnet. 1 Res gestae D. Aug. 5.27: Aegyptum imperio populi [Ro]mani adieci; 16.27: A÷gupton dßmou ¨Rwmaíwn ™gemoníai proséqjka. Cf. Eutrop. VII 7: Aegyptus per Octavianum Augustum imperio Romano adiecta est; VII 9: Romano adiecit imperio Aegyptum. 2 Ausführlich zur Triakontaschoinos, ihrer Ausdehnung und Lokalisierung: J. LOCHER, Topographie und Geschichte der Region am ersten Nilkatarakt in griechisch-römischer Zeit (APF, Beiheft 5), Stuttgart–Leipzig 1999, S. 252-256. 3 Laut IGThSy 302 (= IGLouvre 14, SB V 8878, OGIS I 111) aus der Zeit zwischen 152a und 145a gründete der ptolemäische Beamte Boethos (zu ihm ausführlich: B. -
Insegnare La Storia Dell'africa: Contenuti Teorici E Orientamenti
Sostenibilità e interculturalità: dai concetti alle competenze agite. Insegnare la Storia dell’Africa: Contenuti teorici e orientamenti pedagogici (Itinerario formativo per insegnanti e mediatori culturali) Mahougnon Sinsin Ringraziamenti La gratitudine, dice Massieu, è «la memoria del cuore»… Vorrei esprimere la mia fervida riconoscenza ai responsabili delle associazioni «Africafriends», «Elis» e a quelli dell‟Agenzia italiana per la cooperazione allo sviluppo, per avermi offerto la possibilità di collaborare al progetto “Sostenibilità e Interculturalità”. Il presente manuale è il frutto del mio contributo a questa iniziativa ammirevole. Ringrazio anche gli insegnanti delle scuole di Roma che hanno partecipato agli incontri formativi organizzati nell‟ambito del suddetto progetto. Infine, desidero ringraziare in modo particolare il Prof. Renato Mion e il Dott. Walter Guadagno per le loro preziose osservazioni… L’autore M. S., Insegnare la Storia dell’Africa: contenuti e orientamenti pedagogici -2 Note introduttive: Presentazione del Progetto 1- “Sostenibilità” e “interculturalità” L‟associazione dei due concetti è perfettamente giustificabile. La sostenibilità, lungi dall‟essere un programma solamente politico, è un‟impresa culturale ed educativa. La sfida educativa è quella di creare una cultura della sostenibilità fondata non solo sui valori dell‟equità e della responsabilità, ma anche su ciò che il filosofo senegalese Idrissa Cissé chiama “l‟umanesimo della diversità”.1 La diversità culturale dell‟umanità e la memoria storica dei popoli costituiscono un patrimonio inesauribile cui attingere per plasmare una nuova cultura della sostenibilità. Il presente progetto formativo, nato dall‟iniziativa dell‟Associazione Africafriends, s‟iscrive in questa prospettiva. 2- I destinatari del progetto Il progetto è destinato: a- In primo luogo, agli educatori: insegnanti di materie umanistiche, dirigenti scolastici, mediatori culturali, ecc. -
2018-2019 National History Bee Round 1
NHBB A-Set Bee 2018-2019 Bee Round 1 Bee Round 1 Regulation Questions (1) This dynasty's capital was moved when the king attempted to avoid joining the \strife of the Princes." The Hall of Worthies was established by this dynasty to promote research. Toyotomi Hideyoshi's attempts to conquer this dynasty were thwarted after the Battle of Myeongnyang, where Yi Sun-sin used turtle ships to defeat the Japanese navy. This dynasty became known as the \Hermit Kingdom" for its isolationism. For the point, name this Korean dynasty that was ruled by Sejong the Great. ANSWER: Joseon Dynasty (2) This man managed to win an engagement at Nomonhan to turn back a foreign invasion in the Khalkhin Gol campaign. In his later career, this man led the special force that arrested Lavrenty Beria. This man commanded the first Belorussian Front in his final battle and accepted Germany's Instrument of Surrender as the Soviet representative. For the point, name this general of the Soviet Union who was victorious at Berlin and Stalingrad. ANSWER: Georgy Zhukov (3) A plan named for this city outlined a system where a \President General" would be appointed by the King of England to combat French aggression. A group of politicians based in this city lost power after William Marcy lost an 1838 election and had previously been opposed by a Thurlow Weed-led Anti-Masonic Party. At a 1754 meeting in this city, Benjamin Franklin outlined a plan that he depicted in his cartoon \Join, or Die." A Martin van Buren-led \Regency" was located in, for the point, what capital of New York? ANSWER: Albany (accept Albany Congress; accept Albany Regency) (4) This city houses the Exquisite Jade Rock, a large boulder allegedly salvaged after a cargo ship bringing it to the royal family sank. -
A Historiography of Archaeological Research at Meroë, Sudan*
doi: 10.2143/AWE.16.0.3214940 AWE 16 (2017) 209-248 A HISTORIOGRAPHY OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH AT MEROË, SUDAN* ANNA LUCILLE BOOZER Abstract This article joins together a substantial survey of antiquarian and archaeological research at ancient Meroë (Sudan), capital of the Meroitic kingdom (ca. 7th century BC–4th century AD, most broadly), with an exploration of contemporaneous historical events in Sudan, Egypt and Europe. This contextual approach makes it possible to trace influences upon past archaeological research trends and the changing views upon Sudanese heritage within Sudan and internationally. Introduction This article explores early archaeological research in Meroë city (Sudan) through the lenses of broad archaeological trends and regional history. Based upon our cur- rent knowledge, Meroë city was one of the most significant administrative, religious and artistic centres of the ancient kingdom of Kush between approximately the 7th century BC and the 4th century AD.1 It is regarded as one of the oldest and most significant urban settlements in Africa south of Egypt. Despite its national and international importance, research at Meroë has often lagged behind the periph- eral regions of Kush. The United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Salvage Campaigns in the 1970s, followed by the present concerns over dam building in Sudan, have focused archaeological attention to threatened areas instead of Meroë itself.2 Moreover, excavations within Meroë have experienced significant time lags between excavation and final publication, which has hindered more thorough archaeological interpretations of the material. The present work recounts the history of research at Meroë city in order to embed this regional research history within broader trends in Sudanese archaeology, Egyptology, archaeology and world historical events in Sudan, Egypt and Europe * Andrew Bednarski, Giovanni Ruffini and Ian Rutherford read and commented upon a draft of this paper. -
Contacts Between Rome and Ancient Ethiopia
Butler University Digital Commons @ Butler University Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection Undergraduate Scholarship 5-1-1972 Contacts between Rome and Ancient Ethiopia John Theodore Swanson Butler University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/ugtheses Part of the African History Commons, and the Ancient History, Greek and Roman through Late Antiquity Commons Recommended Citation Swanson, John Theodore, "Contacts between Rome and Ancient Ethiopia" (1972). Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection. 288. https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/ugtheses/288 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Undergraduate Scholarship at Digital Commons @ Butler University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Butler University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CONTACTS BETWEEN ROME AND ANCIENT ETHIOPIA A Thesis Presented t6 the Department of Classical Languages College of Liberal Arts' and Sciences and The University Honors Committee Butler University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Graduation Summa cum laude With High Honors in Latin John Theodore Swanson May 1 t 1972 _l ',; J CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION •••• • • • • 1 CHAI>TEH II. CONTACTS BETWEEN ETHIO})IA AND THE MEDITER:?ANEAN WORLD (3000 B.C.- 400ft.D.) 6 CHAPTER III. A BRIEJ~ HISTORY OF ~'HE LAND OF KUSH (1000 B.C.-400 A.D.) • • • •• 38 CHAPTER IV. CONTACTS BETWEEN ROME AND KUSH.. • 51 (50 B.C.-300 A.D.) Military contacts Diplomatic Contacts Commercial Contacts CHAprrER V. CONCLUSION ••• 67 },1APS • • • • • • • III . 69 The River Nile from Thebes to the Sudd Easttl.frica North Africa BIBLIOG1< AP:HY • . • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • 7 1 I. -
International History Bee – Round 1
IHBB 2019 Asian History Bee Championships Bee Round 1 Round 1 Regulation Questions (1) This leader worked at the Le Creusot Iron and Steel Plant in France while participating in the Diligent Work-Frugal Study movement. This head of a group of senior leaders nicknamed the Eight Elders asserted that some people must get rich before others and allegedly said “to get rich is glorious” during his “Southern Tour.” This successor of Hua Guofeng introduced free enterprise to his country with the “socialism with Chinese characteristics” policy. For the point, name this “paramount leader” of China who implemented many economic reforms. ANSWER: Deng Xiaoping (2) British forces under Samuel Auchmuty captured the capital of this modern-day country in 1807. After the first major naval battle of WWII, the Admiral Graf Spee sheltered in the port of this country’s capital. This country was briefly known as the Cisplatine Province until an insurrection led by the Thirty-Three Orientals. The Italian Legion was raised in this country by the “Hero of Two Worlds,” who fought in this country’s civil war with the Colorados against the Blancos. For the point, name this country whose capital lies on the Rio de La Plata at Montevideo. ANSWER: Uruguay (3) This meeting controversially awarded the town of Olivenca to Portugal. The terms of this meeting had been laid out in the Treaty of Chaumont and created the modern Kingdom of the Netherlands. The Final Act summed up the provisions of this meeting, which included the restoration of monarchs to pre-war thrones and the creation of the Concert of Europe. -
The Origins of Three Meroitic Bronze Oil Lamps in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
Georgia State University ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University Art and Design Theses Ernest G. Welch School of Art and Design 6-5-2009 The Origins of Three Meroitic Bronze Oil Lamps in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston Stephanie Joan Sakoutis Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/art_design_theses Part of the Art and Design Commons Recommended Citation Sakoutis, Stephanie Joan, "The Origins of Three Meroitic Bronze Oil Lamps in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston." Thesis, Georgia State University, 2009. https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/art_design_theses/47 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Ernest G. Welch School of Art and Design at ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Art and Design Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE ORIGINS OF THREE MEROITIC BRONZE OIL LAMPS IN THE MUSEUM OF FINE ARTS, BOSTON by STEPHANIE JOAN SAKOUTIS Under the Direction of Dr. Melinda Hartwig ABSTRACT This thesis discusses three bronze oil lamps found in the ancient city of Meroë, in the collection of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. Scholars have considered the lamps to be imported from Hellenistic Egypt, but careful examination has revealed that the lamps were not imported. The lamps were locally made in Meroë; the materials and technology needed to create bronze lamps were available to Meroitic craftsmen. INDEX WORDS: Meroë, Nubia, Oil lamp, Bronze, Burial goods, Artists,