joun al of WiIdl(fi’ Diseases. 34(4). 1998. PP#{149}820-824 © \Vildlife Disease Asskiation 1998
Oestrosis in Red Deer from Spain
M. Lourdes Bueno-de Ia Fuente,1 Virginia Moreno,1 Jesus M. Perez,14 Isidoro Ruiz-Martinez,13 and Ramon C. Soriguer,21 Departamento de Biologia Animal, Vegetal y Ecologia, Universidad de Ja#{233}n,Paraje Las Lagun. illas, SN. E-23071 Ja#{233}n,Spain; 2 EstaciOn BiolOgica de Do#{241}ana(C.S.l.C.). Av. Maria Luisa, S.N. E-41013 Sevilla, Spain; 3Our colleague and friend, died last July while working, and because he was the soul of this work we want to dedicate it to his memory; and Corresponding author (e-mail: [email protected]).
ABSTRACT: A survey of naso-pharyngeal my- As reported for certain Cephenemyia iasis affecting red deer (Cervus elaphus) in spp., adults seem to be attracted by the southern Spain was conducted. The parasites expelled by hosts (Anderson and involved were the larvae of Phanjngomyia picta CO2 01- and Cephenemyia auribarbis (Diptera:Oestn- kowski, 1968; Anderson, 1989). Anderson dae), which coexist sympatrically within this (1975) evidenced different strategies for host. Males and older animals had higher prey- larviposition by Ce’phenemyia sp. adult fe- alences amid intensities of fly larvae. Differences males and recognition of these flies by ex- in behaviour and habitat use by male and fe- male deer, and the increase of head size in old- perienced deer with subsequent behavior- er males are possibly responsible for this. There a! response to evade larviposition by oes- were low densities of C. auribarbis while P pic- trid females. Cogley and Anderson (1981) ta was the species most frequently observed, suggested a dependence by these parasites although both oestrids were located in the on the anatomy of the host’s muzzle for same host cavities. The earlier larviposition by C. auribarbis, and its faster larval development larval invasion. They also noted a positive may reflect asynchronous life-cycles of both thermotropism and a negative phototro- oestrids; this may decrease inter-specific corn- pism by Cephenemyua sp. first-instar lar- petition between these sympatric species. vae. Key words: Botfly, Cephenemyia auribar- Mixed infections of red deer due to P his, Cervus elaphus, inter-specific competition, Oestndae, Phanjngoinyia picta, sympatnc spe- pucta and C. auribarbis have been com- cies. monly reported in Europe (Drozdz, 1961b; Zumpt, 1965; Sugar, 1974, 1976; Pharyngomyia picta infects the naso-ol- Gil Collado et a!., 1985; Ruiz and Palo- factory and pharyngeal cavities of deer in mares, 1993; Ruiz et al., 1993). The main Europe. Its main host is the red deer (Cer- goal of this study was to improve our vus elaphus), although it is assumed that knowledge on the epidemiology of these this species does not show a host-specifity parasites, and to analyze their co-occur- as pronounced as seen in the European rence within the same host individuals. species of the genus Cephenemyua. The From November 1994 to February genus Cephenemyma is restricted to the 1996, 521 red deer (244 males and 277 Holarctic region and the larvae parasitize females) were examined for oestrid larvae. deer belonging to the subfamilies Cervinae Samples came from different game re- and Odocoileinae. The imagos of all Ce- serves located in the Sierras de Cazorla, phenemyia spp. have a general appearance Segura y Las Villas Natural Park, Jaen like that of bumble-bees (Zumpt, 1965). Province (38#{176}30’N, 2#{176}45’E); Sierra More- The main host for C. auribarbis is the red na, Ciudad Real, Jaen and C#{243}rdoba prov- deer, although both oestrid species also in- inces (38#{176}17’N, 3#{176}45’W and 38#{176}26’N, fect the fallow deer (Dama dama) (Ruiz et 4#{176}19’W); Guadalcanal (38#{176}06’N, 5#{176}49’W)y a!., 1993). In central and western Europe Cazalla (37#{176}56’N, 5#{176}45’W), Sevilla Prov- adult P picta fly from June to August (Se- ince; Ubrique (36#{176}40’N, 5#{176}25’W) and Al- guy, 1928; Drozdz, 1961a), while C. auri- cal#{225}de los Gazules (36#{176}29’N, 5#{176}43’W), Ca- barbus imagos are active from May to July diz Province (southern Spain). Availability (Brauer, 1863; Seguy, 1928; Cameron, of samples was limited by the official hunt- 1932). ing period from October to February.
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T.SR!.1.; 1. Prevalence and intensity of parasitism b ized by both oestrid species. Prevalence of two species of nasal bots in red (leer from Spain ac- cording to host sex and age. oestrosis was significantly higher (x2 = 30.538; d.f. = 1; P < 0.0001) in males