Comparison of Methods for Determining Streamflow Requirements for Aquatic Habitat Protection at Selected Sites on the Assabet An
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Comparison of Methods for Determining Streamflow Requirements for Aquatic Habitat Protection at Selected Sites on the Assabet and Charles Rivers, Eastern Massachusetts, 2000–02 By Gene W. Parker, David S. Armstrong (U.S. Geological Survey), and Todd A. Richards (Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife) In cooperation with the Massachusetts Executive Office of Environmental Affairs, Department of Conservation and Recreation, Town of Hudson, and Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5092 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior Gale A. Norton, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Charles G. Groat, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2004 For sale by U.S. Geological Survey, Information Services Box 25286, Denver Federal Center Denver, CO 80225 For more information about the USGS and its products: Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov/ Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this report. Suggested citation: Parker, G.W., Armstrong, D.S., and Richards, T.A., 2004, Comparison of methods for determining streamflow requirements for aquatic habitat protection at selected sites on the Assabet and Charles Rivers, Eastern Massachusetts, 2000–02: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5092, 72 p. iii Contents Abstract. 1 Introduction . 2 Purpose and Scope . 4 Description of Study Sites . 4 Methods for Determining Streamflow Requirements for Aquatic Habitat Protection. 4 Water-Surface-Profile Modeling . 6 R2Cross Method. 6 Wetted-Perimeter Method. 8 Range of Variability Approach . 10 Tennant Method . 10 Streamflow Requirements for Aquatic Habitat Protection. 10 Assabet River near Westborough . 10 Cold Harbor Brook near Northborough . 11 Danforth Brook at Hudson . 16 Fort Meadow Brook near Hudson . 17 Elizabeth Brook near Stow. 19 Nashoba Brook at West Concord . 20 Charles River near Hopkinton . 22 Mine Brook near Franklin. 23 Charles River at Medway. 25 Fish-Community Sampling and Assessment . 27 Sampling Results . 29 Assabet River Basin Sampling . 30 Charles River Basin Sampling . 30 Fish-Community Assessments . 30 Comparison of Streamflow Requirement Methods . 34 Conclusions . 41 Acknowledgments . 43 References Cited. 43 Appendix 1: Water-Surface-Profile Model Documentation. 55 Figures 1, 2. Maps showing: 1. Location of major river basins in Massachusetts . .3 2. Location of study sites and six streamflow-gaging stations near the Charles and Assabet River Basins . .5 3. Photographs showing A, Riffle and B, pooled reaches on the Charles River at Medway, on August 1, 2001, during a period of low flow . .7 4. Diagram showing A, stream channel for River Station 133.7; B, graph of relation between altitude and wetted perimeter; and C, graph of relation between wetted perimeter and discharge at Fort Meadow Brook near Hudson. .9 iv 5–14. Photographs showing: 5. Assabet River near Westborough, upstream view . 11 6. Cold Harbor Brook near Northborough, upstream view . 15 7. Danforth Brook at Hudson, upstream view . 16 8. Fort Meadow Brook near Hudson, upstream view . 18 9. Elizabeth Brook near Stow, downstream view. 19 10. Nashoba Brook at West Concord, downstream view . 21 11. Charles River near Hopkinton, upstream view . 22 12. Mine Brook near Franklin, downstream view. 24 13. Charles River at Medway, downstream views of the study reaches: A, the upstream riffle; and B, the downstream riffle . 26 14. Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife personnel barge electrofishing for the fish-community assessment . 28 15. Pie chart of target fish community for the Quinebaug River . 28 16. Map showing location of fish-sampling sites and habitat study sites in the Charles and Assabet River Basins . 31 17. Pie chart of fish species habitat-use classifications: A, main stem free-flowing sites on the Assabet River, 2000–01; and B, main stem free-flowing sites on the Charles River, 2000–01 . 33 18–20. Box plots comparing: 18. Streamflow requirements determined by the R2Cross 3-of-3 criteria, R2Cross 2-of-3 criteria, and Wetted-Perimeter methods for all cross sections analyzed . 35 19. R2Cross, 3-of-3 criteria, R2Cross, 2-of-3 criteria, and Wetted-Perimeter method streamflow requirements determined at 9 riffle sites in the Assabet and Charles River Basins and at 10 streamflow-gaging stations in southern New England reported in Armstrong and others (2004) . 37 20. Drainage area at 9 riffle sites in the Assabet and Charles River Basins at 10 streamflow-gaging stations in southern New England reported in Armstrong and others (2004), and six streamflow-gaging stations near the Assabet and Charles River Basins. 38 21. Graph of quartiles of mean monthly discharges for the period 1976–2000 for six streamflow-gaging stations compared with median streamflow requirements estimated by the R2Cross 3-of-3 criteria, R2Cross 2-of-3 criteria, and Wetted- Perimeter methods for nine riffles in the Assabet and Charles River Basins . 40 Tables 1. Locations and characteristics of riffle reaches, Assabet and Charles Rivers, Massachusetts . 6 2. R2Cross hydraulic criteria for four hydraulic parameters for protection of aquatic habitat . 8 3. Streamflows required for habitat protection determined by means of the R2Cross 3-of-3 criteria method . ..