Ennead Atum ● also called Atem or Tem ● he was the creator of the other gods and he created himself ● him and Ra were both sun deities, but he was specifically associated with the sun in evening ● father of Shu and Tefnut ● when his children wandered away into the primordial darkness, he sent the eye of Ra to find them ○ his tears of joy upon their return became the first humans ● wore a royal head cloth or the crown of the united Upper­Lower Egypt ● sat on the Benben mound

Shu ● personification of air ● created by Atum and Iusaaset, or sneezed out of Atum’s mouth (or ejaculated­out of his penis) ● wears an ostrich feather and carries an ankh ● associated with calmness ● once he argued with Tefnut and she ran away from Egypt for awhile, where she became a man eating cat, until Thoth convinced her to come back Tefnut ● goddess of moisture and rain ● wife and sister of Shu ● her father was Ra­Atum, the sun god ● all stories of her creation involve her father swallowing bodily fluids and spitting it out ○ her name is related to the word “to spit” ● has a lioness’s head

Geb ● god of the earth and husband/brother of Nur ● when he laughed, earthquakes occurred ● often referred to as the father of snakes, and depicted with a snake head ● plants including barley grew on him ● the goose was sacred to him, so he was sometimes called “The Great Honker”

Nut ● daughter of Shu and Tefnut and wife/sister of Geb ● depicted with a pot on her head ● sometimes depicted as a giant cow or a sycamore tree ● Ra wouldn’t let her have children on any day of the year ○ Thoth helped her get enough moonlight from gambling with Khonshu, the moon god to make five extra days ● she was the actual sky, her fingers touched the cardinal points and she arched over her father, who held her up ● she was painted on the inside of sarcophagi ● her children were Osiris, Set, Isis, Nephthys, and sometimes Horus

Osiris ● cult center at Abydos ● djed column represents his backbone ● depicted with wheat growing out of his body ● Procession of Wepwawet­ festival honoring him ○ inscribed on the Ikhernofret Stela ● identified with Dionysus ● syncretized with Apis in the Hellenistic Serapis ● his soul was worshipped as a deity in its own right­ the ram god Banebdjedet ● sealed in a coffin by his brother Set ○ thrown in a river and floated down the Nile and somehow became embedded in a tree trunk, which was then used as a column in a palace at Byblos ○ resurrected by Isis using a spell taught to her by her father Geb ■ Osiris impregnated her with Horus before dying again ○ alternatively Isis hid the body in the desert, but Set found it when he was out hunting and tore it into fourteen pieces in rage ■ his penis was eaten by the oxyrhyncus fish, so Isis replaced it with a golden one ● Isis collected the remaining pieces, and with the help of Thoth and Anubis, bandaged Osiris back together and resurrected him, allowing the couple to conceive Horus ■ In some accounts, Isis fans life into him in the form of a kite or falcon ○ after dying again, he becomes ruler of Duat

Isis ● depicted with a throne headdress ● worshipped at Behbeit El­Hagar and the island of Philae ● the tyet is her knot ● four of her children protected the canopic jars ● created a snake to bite Ra and refused to give him the antidote unless he told her his secret name

Set ● Brother of Osiris and rival of Horus ● Was tricked into eating lettuce covered in Horus’s semen ● Was tricked into building a boat of stone in a race in which Horus painted his boat to look like stone ● There is controversy as to what animal’s head he’s depicted with, some say it’s a giraffe or an aardvark ● protected Ra’s sun barge every night ● husband of Nephthys ● sometimes depicted

Nephthys ● name translates as “lady of the house/mansion”

Other gods Ptah ● syncretized with the funerary deity Sokar/Seker and the land god Tatenen ● identified with Hephaestus/Vulcan ● wears a skull cap ● father of Imhotep ● Shabaka Stone­ describes Memphite theology, places him as creator ● originally associated with the Apis bull

Ra ● soul was represented by the Bennu bird ● associated with the Mnevis bull ● syncrotized with Amun and Atum ● associated with the dung beetle Khepri ● put Sekhmet to sleep by disguising beer as blood ● rides through Duat every night on his sun barge, fights the serpent Apophis/Apep in the form of a cat ○ owned two barges­ Mandjet (morning boat) and Mesektet (evening boat) ○ aided by Set and Mehen

Horus ● rasied in Chemnis ● had four sons­ gods of the cardinal directions and canopic jars (note­ listen to the question to tell between Horus and Isis on the clue) ● Greeks called him Harpocrates ● tore off Set’s genitals­ explains infertility of the desert ● often depicted as a child holding a finger to his mouth ● sometimes referred to as Mekhenty­er­irty ● conceived by either a golden phallus or divine fire ● got his severed hands back after Sobek invented the fish trap ● Isis accidentally harpooned him ● identified with crocodile god Khenty­Khety ● killed a lot of crocodiles and

Hathor/Sekhmet Anubis ● father of Kabechet­ goddess of purification ● son of Nephthys and possibly Osiris ● cult center at Cynopolis Thoth ● god of wisdom ● cheated moon god Khonsu out of five days’ worth of light ● worshipped at Hermopolis­ associated with Hermes Trimegistus ● depicted with an ibis or baboon head