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Perspectives on How Nature Employs the Principles of Organometallic Chemistry in Dihydrogen Activation in Hydrogenases†
4682 Organometallics 2010, 29, 4682–4701 DOI: 10.1021/om100436c Perspectives on How Nature Employs the Principles of Organometallic Chemistry in Dihydrogen Activation in Hydrogenases† John C. Gordon* and Gregory J. Kubas* Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States Received May 6, 2010 Relatively recent developments in metalloenzyme and organometallic chemistry have targeted a growing link between these outwardly incongruous fields, giving birth to a merger now popularly termed “bio-organometallic” chemistry. The astonishing discovery of CO and CN ligands bound to dinuclear iron sites in billion-year-old hydrogenase enzymes has led to a new paradigm and triggered an explosion of research on bioinspired chemistry. The article will focus on the impressive array of organometallic chemistry principles that work in concert in the structure and function of H2ases. Molecular H2 is at the forefront of bioinspired energy, and its production and storage are critical for renewable energy systems. Biomimetic inorganic chemistry and photochemistry involving water splitting for H2 production has erupted in the past decade and will also be reflected upon here. I. Introduction be despised and avoided by nature. This view was shattered by the relatively recent discovery, initially spectroscopically2,3 then At the macroscopic level, nature displays dazzling beauty crystallographically,4 of CO and CN ligands bound to dinuclear and surprises on a regular basis. On the molecular level, its iron sites in hydrogenase (H2ase) enzymes that have existed in mystique is even more fascinating to biologists and chemists numerous microorganisms for over a billion years. It is now in all their subfields. -
Carbon Dioxide Adsorption by Metal Organic Frameworks (Synthesis, Testing and Modeling)
Western University Scholarship@Western Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository 8-8-2013 12:00 AM Carbon Dioxide Adsorption by Metal Organic Frameworks (Synthesis, Testing and Modeling) Rana Sabouni The University of Western Ontario Supervisor Prof. Sohrab Rohani The University of Western Ontario Graduate Program in Chemical and Biochemical Engineering A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree in Doctor of Philosophy © Rana Sabouni 2013 Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd Part of the Other Chemical Engineering Commons Recommended Citation Sabouni, Rana, "Carbon Dioxide Adsorption by Metal Organic Frameworks (Synthesis, Testing and Modeling)" (2013). Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository. 1472. https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/1472 This Dissertation/Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship@Western. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository by an authorized administrator of Scholarship@Western. For more information, please contact [email protected]. i CARBON DIOXIDE ADSORPTION BY METAL ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS (SYNTHESIS, TESTING AND MODELING) (Thesis format: Integrated Article) by Rana Sabouni Graduate Program in Chemical and Biochemical Engineering A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies The University of Western Ontario London, Ontario, Canada Rana Sabouni 2013 ABSTRACT It is essential to capture carbon dioxide from flue gas because it is considered one of the main causes of global warming. Several materials and various methods have been reported for the CO2 capturing including adsorption onto zeolites, porous membranes, and absorption in amine solutions. -
N-Heterocyclic Carbenes (Nhcs)
Baran Lab N - H e t e r o c y c l i c C a r b e n e s ( N H C s ) K. J. Eastman An Introduction to N-heterocyclic Carbenes: How viable is resonance contributer B? Prior to 1960, a school of thought that carbenes were too reactive to be smaller isolated thwarted widespread efforts to investigate carbene chemistry. base ! N N N N R R R R Perhaps true for the majority of carbenes, this proved to be an inaccurate X- assessment of the N-heterocyclic carbenes. H longer Kirmse, W. Angerw. Chem. Int. Ed. 2004, 43, 1767-1769 In the early 1960's Wanzlick (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1962, 1, 75-80) first investigated the reactivity and stability of N-heterocyclic carbenes. Attractive Features of NHCs as Ligands for transition metal catalysts: Shortly thereafter, Wanzlick (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1968, 7, 141-142) NHCs are electron-rich, neutral "#donor ligands (evidenced by IR frequency of reported the first application of NHCs as ligands for metal complexes. CO/metal/NHC complexes). Surprisingly, the field of of NHCs as ligands in transition metal chemistry Electron donating ability of NHCs span a very narrow range when compared to remained dormant for 23 years. phosphine ligands In 1991, a report by Arduengo and co-workers (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, Electronics can be altered by changing the nature of the azole ring: 113, 361-363) on the extraodinary stability, isolation and storablility of benzimidazole<imidazole<imidazoline (order of electron donating power). crystalline NHC IAd. NHC-metal complex stability: NaH, DMSO, MeOH N N N N + H2 + NaCl NHCs form very strong bonds with the majority of metals (stronger than Cl- phosphines!) H IAd N-heterocyclic carbenes are electronically (orbital overlap) and sterically (Me vs. -
Refereed Publications (A = Article, C = Communication, R = Review)
Curriculum Vitae: Douglas W. Stephan FRSC, FRS Current Address Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St. Toronto, ON, M5S3H6 [email protected]; [email protected] Phone: 416-946-3294; Cell: 647-339-3568; Admin. Asst: Shanna Pritchard 416-978-8940, [email protected] webpage: http://www.chem.utoronto.ca/staff/DSTEPHAN Home Address 47 St. Clair Ave. W., Suite 302, Toronto, ON. M4V 3A5; Home: 416-619-5901 Personal Born in Hamilton, Ontario, CANADA July 27 1953, married (Dianne L. Gunn) two adult children (David and Kathryn) Citizenship Canadian Education Ph.D 1980 (University of Western Ontario), B.Sc. 1976 (McMaster University, summa cum laude) Positions Held 2018-present University Professor, University of Toronto 2008-2018 Professor, University of Toronto 2016-2019 Chair, Editorial Board of Chemical Society Reviews 2016-2018 Einstein Visiting Fellow, TU Berlin. 2011-2017 Associate Editor, Chemical Society Reviews 2006 (Oct) International Research Guest Professor, WW-Universitaet Muenster 2008-2021 Canada Research Chair in Catalysis and New Materials (UToronto) 2005-2007 Canada Research Chair in Catalysis and New Materials (UWindsor) 2003-2006 Head, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry 2002-2007 University Professor, University of Windsor 2002-2003 Humboldt Senior Awardee, WW-Universitaet Muenster 2001-2006 NSERC/NOVA Chemicals Corporation Industrial Research Chair 1995 DAAD Visiting Scientist, Muenster, Germany (declined) 1995 NSERC/DFG Visiting Scientist, WW-Universitaet Muenster. 1992-2002 -
Phosphinoborylenes As Stable Sources of Fleeting Borylenes
Chemical Science View Article Online EDGE ARTICLE View Journal | View Issue Phosphinoborylenes as stable sources of fleeting borylenes† Cite this: Chem. Sci., 2020, 11, 11055 ab ab ab c All publication charges for this article Conor Pranckevicius, Marco Weber, Ivo Krummenacher, Ashwini K. Phukan have been paid for by the Royal Society and Holger Braunschweig *ab of Chemistry Base-stabilised borylenes that mimic the ability of transition metals to bind and activate inert substrates have attracted significant attention in recent years. However, such species are typically highly reactive and fleeting, and often cannot be isolated at ambient temperature. Herein, we describe a readily accessible trimethylphosphine-stabilised borylborylene which was found to possess a labile P–B bond that reversibly cleaves upon gentle heating. Exchange of the labile phosphine with other nucleophiles (CO, isocyanide, 4-dimethylaminopyridine) was investigated, and the binding strength of a range of potential Received 2nd September 2020 borylene “ligands” has been evaluated computationally. The room-temperature-stable PMe -bound Accepted 9th September 2020 3 borylenes were subsequently applied to novel bond activations including [2 + 2] cycloaddition with DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04826g carbodiimides and the reduction of dichalcogenides, revealing that PMe3-stabilised borylenes can Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported Licence. rsc.li/chemical-science effectively behave as stable sources of the analogous fleeting dicoordinate species under mild conditions. Introduction 2014, a signicant advance in the synthesis of the rst isolable, singly base-stabilised borylene was reported by Bertrand and In the continuing effort to replace environmentally deleterious Stephan via the introduction of electronic push and pull 31 metals in chemical reactions, p block compounds that mimic substituents at the boron centre. -
Bond Distances and Bond Orders in Binuclear Metal Complexes of the First Row Transition Metals Titanium Through Zinc
Metal-Metal (MM) Bond Distances and Bond Orders in Binuclear Metal Complexes of the First Row Transition Metals Titanium Through Zinc Richard H. Duncan Lyngdoh*,a, Henry F. Schaefer III*,b and R. Bruce King*,b a Department of Chemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, India B Centre for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens GA 30602 ABSTRACT: This survey of metal-metal (MM) bond distances in binuclear complexes of the first row 3d-block elements reviews experimental and computational research on a wide range of such systems. The metals surveyed are titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, and zinc, representing the only comprehensive presentation of such results to date. Factors impacting MM bond lengths that are discussed here include (a) n+ the formal MM bond order, (b) size of the metal ion present in the bimetallic core (M2) , (c) the metal oxidation state, (d) effects of ligand basicity, coordination mode and number, and (e) steric effects of bulky ligands. Correlations between experimental and computational findings are examined wherever possible, often yielding good agreement for MM bond lengths. The formal bond order provides a key basis for assessing experimental and computationally derived MM bond lengths. The effects of change in the metal upon MM bond length ranges in binuclear complexes suggest trends for single, double, triple, and quadruple MM bonds which are related to the available information on metal atomic radii. It emerges that while specific factors for a limited range of complexes are found to have their expected impact in many cases, the assessment of the net effect of these factors is challenging. -
Winter for the Membership of the American Crystallographic Association, P.O
AMERICAN CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC ASSOCIATION NEWSLETTER Number 4 Winter 2004 ACA 2005 Transactions Symposium New Horizons in Structure Based Drug Discovery Table of Contents / President's Column Winter 2004 Table of Contents President's Column Presidentʼs Column ........................................................... 1-2 The fall ACA Council Guest Editoral: .................................................................2-3 meeting took place in early 2004 ACA Election Results ................................................ 4 November. At this time, News from Canada / Position Available .............................. 6 Council made a few deci- sions, based upon input ACA Committee Report / Web Watch ................................ 8 from the membership. First ACA 2004 Chicago .............................................9-29, 38-40 and foremost, many will Workshop Reports ...................................................... 9-12 be pleased to know that a Travel Award Winners / Commercial Exhibitors ...... 14-23 satisfactory venue for the McPherson Fankuchen Address ................................38-40 2006 summer meeting was News of Crystallographers ...........................................30-37 found. The meeting will be Awards: Janssen/Aminoff/Perutz ..............................30-33 held at the Sheraton Waikiki Obituaries: Blow/Alexander/McMurdie .................... 33-37 Hotel in Honolulu, July 22-27, 2005. Council is ACA Summer Schools / 2005 Etter Award ..................42-44 particularly appreciative of Database Update: -
Re-Thinking Recognition: Science Prizes for the Modern World
TALENT Re-thinking recognition: Science prizes for the modern world Introducing our new perspectives series In a world where global challenges and advances in technology bring both uncertainty and new possibilities, the chemical sciences have a critical role to play. But what will that role be? How can we maximise the impact we make across academia, industry, government and education? And what actions should we take to create a stronger, more vibrant culture for research that helps enable new discoveries? Our perspectives series addresses these questions through four lenses: talent, discovery, sustainability and knowledge. Drawing together insights and sharp opinion, our goal is to increase understanding and inform debate – putting the chemical sciences at the heart of the big issues the world is facing. Talent Talent is the lifeblood of the chemical sciences. But how do we inspire, nurture, promote and protect it? Where will we find the chemical scientists of the future? And what action is required to ensure we give everyone the greatest opportunity to make a positive difference? Discovery Chemistry is core to advances across every facet of human life. But where do the greatest opportunities lie? How will technology shape the science we create? And what steps should we take to ensure that curiosity-driven research continues to unlock new opportunities in unexpected ways? Sustainability Our planet faces critical challenges – from plastics polluting the oceans, to the urgent need to find more sustainable resources. But where will new solutions come from? How can we achieve global collaboration to address the big issues? And where can the chemical sciences deliver the biggest impacts? Knowledge Around the world research fuels scientific progress but the way we are sharing new knowledge is changing. -
Phosphorus Lewis Acids: Emerging Reactivity and Applications in Catalysis
Chemical Society Reviews Phosphorus Lewis Acids: Emerging Reactivity and Applications in Catalysis Journal: Chemical Society Reviews Manuscript ID: CS-REV-06-2015-000516.R1 Article Type: Tutorial Review Date Submitted by the Author: 30-Jul-2015 Complete List of Authors: Bayne, Julia; University of Toronto, Chemistry Stephan, Douglas; University of Toronto, Department of Chemistry Page 1 of 10 ChemicalPlease do notSociety adjust Reviews margins Journal Name ARTICLE Phosphorus Lewis Acids: Emerging Reactivity and Applications in Catalysis a a* Received 00th January 20xx, J. M. Bayne and D. W. Stephan Accepted 00th January 20xx Part of the renaissance in main group chemistry has been a result of the focus on reactivity. This has led to the DOI: 10.1039/x0xx00000x development of applications in stoichiometric reactivity and catalysis. In this tutorial review, we focus attention on the role of phosphorus-based Lewis acids in such advances. While early literature recognizes the role of P(III) and P(V) www.rsc.org/ electrophiles in coordination chemistry, it has generally been more recent studies that have focused on applications of this Lewis acidity. Applications of these novel P-based Lewis acids in stoichiometric reactivity, Lewis acid catalysis and frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) reactivity are reviewed. These advances demonstrate that P-based Lewis acids are a powerful tool for further developments in metal-free catalysis. Key Learning Points 1. The development of main group catalysis has contributed to significant advancements in catalytic and stoichiometric transformations. 2. Although P(III) species are typical Lewis bases, phosphenium cations have demonstrated electron accepting abilities. 3. As saturated acceptors, phosphorus(V)-based Lewis acids derive their acidity from a low lying σ* orbital. -
Volume 2: Prizes and Scholarships
Issue 16: Volume 2 – Prizes, Awards & Scholarships (January – March, 2014) RESEARCH OPPORTUNITIES ALERT! Issue 16: Volume 2 PRIZES, AWARDS AND SCHOLARSHIPS (QUARTER: JANUARY - MARCH, 2014) A Compilation by the Research Services Unit Office of Research, Innovation and Development (ORID) December 2013 1 A compilation of the Research Services Unit of the Office of Research, Innovation & Development (ORID) Issue 16: Volume 2 – Prizes, Awards & Scholarships (January – March, 2014) JANUARY 2014 RUCE WASSERMAN YOUNG INVESTIGATOR AWARD American Association of Cereal Chemists Foundation B Description: Deadline information: Call has not yet been The American Association of Cereal Chemists announced by sponsor but this is the Foundation invites nominations for the Bruce approximate deadline we expect. This call is Wasserman young investigator award. This repeated once a year. award recognises young scientists who have Posted date: 12 Nov 10 made outstanding contributions to the field of Award type: Prizes cereal biotechnology. The work can either be Award amount max: $1,000 basic or applied. For the purposes of this Website: award, cereal biotechnology is broadly http://www.aaccnet.org/divisions/divisionsd defined, and encompasses any significant etail.cfm?CODE=BIOTECH body of research using plants, microbes, genes, proteins or other biomolecules. Eligibility profile Contributions in the disciplines of genetics, ---------------------------------------------- molecular biology, biochemistry, Country of applicant institution: Any microbiology and fermentation engineering are all included. Disciplines ---------------------------------------------- Nominees must be no older than 40 by July 1 Grains, Food Sciences, Cereals, Biotechnology, 2010, but nominations of younger scientists Biology, Molecular, Fermentation, are particularly encouraged. AACC Microbiology, Plant Genetics, Plant Sciences, international membership is not required for Biochemistry, Biological Sciences (RAE Unit nomination. -
Activation of Diboron Reagents: the Development of Mild Conditions for the Synthesis of Unique Organoboron Compounds
Activation of diboron reagents: The development of mild conditions for the synthesis of unique organoboron compounds Steven Brandon Thorpe Dissertation submitted to the faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy In Chemistry Webster L. Santos, Chairman Paul R. Carlier David G. I. Kingston James M. Tanko March 23, 2012 Blacksburg, Virginia Keywords: borylation, diboron reagent, boronic ester, conjugate addition, copper catalysis © 2012 by Steven B. Thorpe Activation of diboron reagents: The development of mild conditions for the synthesis of unique organoboron compounds Steven Brandon Thorpe ABSTRACT The first successful synthesis and isolation of a boronic acid was reported in 1860 by Frankland in the pursuit of novel organometallic compounds. For more than a century, further studies of boronic acids were sparsely published. Suzuki and Miyaura jumpstarted the field in 1979 with an innovative carbon-carbon bond forming reaction employing an organoboronic acid and a carbon halide under palladium catalysis. Indeed, the Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Professor Akira Suzuki, along with Professors Richard Heck and Ei-ichi Negishi, in 2010 for their important contributions in palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling chemistry. Over the last 30 years, reports on organoboron compounds have increased exponentially. This dissertation describes the author’s contributions to the development of preparative methods for organoboronic acid derivatives -
Trimetallaborides As Starting Points for the Syntheses of Large MetalRich Molecular Borides and Clusters
Trimetallaborides as starting points for the syntheses of large metal-rich molecular borides and clusters Article (Published Version) Braunschweig, Holger, Ewing, William C, Ghosh, Sundargopal, Kramer, Thomas, Mattock, James D, Östreicher, Sebastian, Vargas, Alfredo and Werner, Christine (2016) Trimetallaborides as starting points for the syntheses of large metal-rich molecular borides and clusters. Chemical Science, 7. pp. 109-116. ISSN 2041-6539 This version is available from Sussex Research Online: http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/56777/ This document is made available in accordance with publisher policies and may differ from the published version or from the version of record. If you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher’s version. Please see the URL above for details on accessing the published version. Copyright and reuse: Sussex Research Online is a digital repository of the research output of the University. Copyright and all moral rights to the version of the paper presented here belong to the individual author(s) and/or other copyright owners. To the extent reasonable and practicable, the material made available in SRO has been checked for eligibility before being made available. Copies of full text items generally can be reproduced, displayed or performed and given to third parties in any format or medium for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge, provided that the authors, title and full bibliographic details are credited, a hyperlink and/or URL is given for the original metadata page and the content is not changed in any way.