Following up on our commitments to the people.

Monthly magazine of the Parliament of the Republic of South Africa Vol. 17 NO. 5 2017

Leading the way Meet the new Chief Whip of the NCOP Vision

An activist and responsive people’s Parliament that improves the quality of life of South Africans and ensures enduring equality in our society.

Mission

Parliament aims to provide a service to the people of South Africa by providing the following:

• A vibrant people’s Assembly that intervenes and transforms society and addresses the development challenges of our people; • Effective oversight over the Executive by strengthening its scrutiny of actions against the needs of South Africans; • Participation of South Africans in the decision-making processes that affect their lives;

• A healthy relationship between the three arms of the Provinces of Council National of Black Rod of National Assembly National of Mace State, that promotes efficient co-operative governance

between the spheres of government, and ensures

appropriate links with our region and the world; and • An innovative, transformative, effective and efficient parliamentary service and administration that enables Members of Parliament to fulfil their constitutional responsibilities. Strategic Objectives

1. Strengthening oversight and accountability 2. Enhancing public involvement 3. Deepening engagement in international fora 4. Strengthening co-operative government 5. Strengthening legislative capacity contents5 ­5 Deputy Speaker on the role of the youth in society 7 lisekela lasomlomo libeka inkhulumo yekuphetsa inyanga yelusha 9 yOung MPs reflect on the meaning of Youth Month 14 Interview with new NCOP Chief Whip Mr Seiso Mohai

16 Kha vha ṱangane na Tshimebi Tshihulwane tshine tsha khou tou bva u khethwa tsha Khoro ya Lushaka ya Mavunḓu 7 18 high Level Panel roundtable on spatial inequality 20 Phanele ya levhele ya xiyimo xa le henhla yi lava swintshuxo swa ku pfumala ku ringana hi swa matshamelo 22 traditional leaders meet High Level Panel to put their case 24 Using language to promote social cohesion Basic Education Portfolio Committee briefed on Incremental Introduction of African languages 26 Science and technology’s contribution to development CSIR appears before Select Committee on Communications 22 and Public Enterprises 28 Committee oversight takes it to Free State hospitals 12 30 Portfolio Committee on Justice and Correctional Services conducts oversight in prisons

COVER: The new Chief Whip of the National Council of Provinces, Mr Seiso Mohai. REGULARS

Presiding Officers Ms Baleka Mbete, Ms Thandi Modise, Mr Lechesa Tsenoli and Mr Raseriti Tau Read about what’is Acting Secretary to Parliament Ms Baby Tyawa Parliamentary Communication Services happening in your Division Manager Mr Moloto Mothapo

Parliamentary Communication Services Parliament Section Manager: Publications and Production, and Editor-in-Chief Ms Shirley Montsho Get your free copies of Parliament's publications. Acting editor Mava Lukani To subscribe, email [email protected] Branding, Design and layout Angelo Lamour - Multimedia Productions Unit For print copies, include your postal address. Copy editors Jane Henshall and Vusumzi Nobadula Monthly magazine of the Parliament of the Republic of South Africa

Writers Modise Kabeli, Moira Levy, Mava Lukani, Sakhile Mokoena, Abel Mputing Vol. 15 ISSUE 8 2015 Parliament: Following up on our commitments to the people. Translators Livhuwani Madiba (Tshivenda), Vol. 16 ISSUE 3 2016 Solomon Mgiba (Xitsonga), JJ Ncongwane (Siswati)

Photography Mlandeli Puzi, GCIS

Distribution & subscriptions Jacqueline Zils Archivist Zwelethemba Kostile Publisher Parliament of the Republic PARLIAMENT: Following up on our commitments to the people. Vol. 16 ISSUE 10 2016 of South Africa Parliament Printer Mailtronic Digital Printers theand people Copyright Committees hold oversight visits in all provinces INSESSION is published by the Information and Strengthening Content Development Unit of the Parliamentary leaders Parliament: Following up on our commitments to the people. Vol. 16 ISSUE 8 2016 Monthly magazine of the Parliament of the Republic of South Africa Communication Services of the Parliament of the House Chairperson addressed MPs graduation Republic of South Africa. All material published is copyrighted and cannot be reproduced without the written permission of the publisher. Vol. 15 ISSUE 9 2015 EDITORIAL ENQUIRIES Telephone 021 403 8738 Fax 021 403 8096 E-mail [email protected] Subscriptions [email protected] Post PO Box 15, Cape Town, 8000 OUR IDEALS Public speaks out VISION An activist and responsive people’s Parliament that improves the quality of life Traditional and Khoi-San Leadership Bill public hearings of South Africans and ensures enduring equality in our society. Following up on our commitments to the people. Vol. 17 NO. 3 2017 STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES Leaders Monthly magazine of the Parliament of the Republic of South Africa Strengthening oversight and accountability; Where traditionalmeet and legislative laws overlap

enhancing public involvement; deepening Following up on our commitments to the people. engagement in international fora; strengthening Celebrating our Legacy Parliament marks Heritage Day cooperative government; strengthening legislative Monthly magazine of the Parliament of the Republic of South Africa capacity. VISIT US ON Vol. 17 NO. 5 2017 www.parliament.gov.za Facebook “f” Logo CMYK / .ai Facebook “f” Logo CMYK / .ai www.facebook.com/parliamentofrsa twitter.com/ParliamentofRSA youtube.com/ParliamentofRSA ParliamentofRSA Mourning a leader, BOOK A TOUR celebrating To tour Parliament a legacy Tel 021 403 2266 Fax 021 403 3817 Leading the way Email [email protected] www.parliament.gov.za Meet the new Chief Whip of the NCOP ISSN 2227-1325 (Print) ISSN 2227-3778 (Online) youth month SPECIAL focus

SPEAKING TO THE YOUTH: Deputy Speaker of the National Assembly, Mr Lechesa Tsenoli.

young citizens to reject anything that “smells of the criminality of violence. Not in my family. Not in my neighbourhood. Not in my community.” He urged young people to be the ones to “break the walls of silence that often hide criminality”.

He especially appealed to the youth to stop being only job seekers, and instead to use their creativity and initiative to become job creators. He encouraged the youth to set up partnerships and make use of the opportunities provided by the public sector to innovate and introduce solutions to the problems they see around them.

The Deputy Speaker’s message for Parliament: Following up on our commitments to the people. Vol. 16 ISSUE 8 2016 the youth went further. “Never lose Deputy Speaker wraps the great value of respect for the elderly. They have experience. They know what has happened in the past. up Youth month Draw as much as possible from their experience and their wisdom.” Youth Month – the 41st since Soweto students changed the As course of South Africa's history – drew to a close, the Deputy He reminded the youth of their Speaker to Parliament, Mr Lechesa Tsenoli, called young people “to the responsibility to keep alive the values front”. He spoke to Moira Levy. borne out of the struggle against apartheid. “Those values do not die.”

In calling the youth forward, he said: He said young people, now more than He warned that it was up to the Celebrating our Legacy “That is where you belong. Educate ever, must intervene in their youth to halt “the eroding influence Parliament marks Heritage Day yourselves. Acquire skills, seek neighbourhoods and communities, of greed, of acquisitiveness and opportunities to create jobs.” especially to protect the more individualism that kills the sense of vulnerable. “Young people see the community that we [in the ANC] have Alongside his counterpart in the problems in their neighbourhoods.” espoused as an approach to dealing National Council of Provinces, Mr He said it was up to them to stand with problems”, which comes from Tsenoli is responsible for sectoral up and be counted when domestic “deep African values, from a non- events such as youth parliaments. He violence placed people at risk. racial system that looks at people took the opportunity to appeal to the as human beings, irrespective of emerging generation of new leaders When it comes to crime and violence, where they come from and their to “create social interventions in your young people must not be the background”. neighbourhoods that will make a perpetrators. “Protest is good,” he big difference to the quality of life of said. “It opens our eyes to what He listed what he, as a veteran of the those who come after you and those needs to happen [and] must lead Mass Democratic Movement, expects who have come before you”. to practical solutions.” But he urged of the upcoming generation. Respect

PARLIAMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA 5 SPECIAL focus youth month

people. Demand equal pay for equal or gender, get involved in solving the not yet found a way of resolving conflict, work. Do away with discrimination problems and creating solutions.” even within our communities. “We have wherever it raises its ugly head. Be His strongest words were reserved not produced infrastructure in our society consistent. Do not allow cultural or for an appeal to end violence against to deal with healing the past.” religious reasons to “suppress the women and children, which he called potential creativity that society needs “one of the crudest manifestations” Mr Tsenoli wants to see an urgent to solve the many problems that we of the problems our society faces. end to violence in the home, at have in South Africa”. the workplace, on farms and in the He attributed this scourge to “the past streets, but he cautioned that healing “Those values are absolutely crucial,” traumatisation that occurred in our needs state intervention. South Africa he said, returning again and again society. Open state violence inevitably needs to first deal with the violence to the three major challenges facing got into families and individuals as a that people suffered in the past at South Africa today: poverty, inequality method for resolving issues.” the hands of the state and certain and unemployment. “These will only employers by engaging in individual, be effectively dealt with if all people, Despite concerted public reconciliation neighbourhood and community-linked irrespective of their race, colour, creed efforts of the past, South Africa has still initiatives to tackle these problems.

CALL TO ACTION: Mr Tsenoli called on the youth to get involved in their communities.

6 PARLIAMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA inyanga yelusha kugcila lokukhetsekile

UMnu Tsenoli ucele lusha kutsi lutimbandzakanye etindzabeni temimango yalapho luhlala khona. Lisekela lasomlomo libeka inkhulumo yekuphetsa inyanga yelusha

iNingizimu Afrika seyifinyelela ekupheleni Akanye nemlingani wakhe Njengaloku kwalenye Inyanga Yelusha – ngumnyaka lokuMkhandlu Wavelonkhe Wetifundza, we-41 kusukela bafundzi baseSoweto bagucula umlandvo – Lisekela Umnu Tsenoli ubukene nemicimbi laSomlomo wePhalamende, Umnu LechesaTsenoli, ubitele bantfu labasha yetemikhakha lefanana nePhalamende “embili.” “Kulapho nifanele kutsi nibekhona,” washo njalo ngesikhatsi Yelusha. Wasebentisa lelitfuba wacela asePhalamende kuleliviki leliphelile. “Tifundziseni nine ngekwenu. lesitukulwane lesisakhula sebaholi Tfolani emakhono, funani ematfuba ekudala imisebenti.” Lhungyushwe labasha kutsi “bente tingenelelo nguJJ Ncongwane. tetenhlalo etindzaweni lapho bahlala

PARLIAMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA 7 kugcila lokukhetsekile inyanga yelusha

khona letitakwenta umehluko lomkhulu labatibona lapho bakhona. Afrika lebukene nato kulamalanga: elizingeni lemphilo yalabo labatawuta buphuya, kungalingani kanye emva kwenu kanye nakulabo labafike Umlayeto weLisekela laSomlomo nekubate kwemsebenti. embikwenu.” lawucondzise kulusha wachubeka. “Ningacali niyekele ligugu lelikhulu “Loku kungasonjululwa Utsite bantfu labasha, nyalo sengiso lekuhlonipha bantfu labadzala. ngemphumelelo kuphela nangabe sikhatsi kwengca kucala kutsi Bantfu labadzala banelwati bonkhe bantfu, kungakhatsalekile bangenelele etindzaweni labahlala nesipiliyoni. Bayakwati lokwenteka kutsi baluphi luhlanga, libala, inkholo kuto kanye nasemimangweni, esikhatsini lesengca. Tsatsani nome bulili, batimbandzakanye ikakhulu ekuvikeleni labo kakhulu kulesipiliyoni sabo kanye ekusombululeni letinkinga kanye labasengotini yekuhlaseleka lula. nakulokuhlakanipha labanako.” nasekuveteni likhambi.”

“Bantfu labasha babona tinkinga Wakhumbuta bantfu labasha kutsi Emavi akhe wawacinisa kakhulu etindzaweni labahlala kuto.” Utsite kusemahlombe abo kutsi bawagcine nakabacela kutsi becedze budlova kusemahlombe abo kutsi basukume aphila lamagugu emzabalazo lobucondziswe kubonmake bente lokutsite nangabe budlova wekulwa nelubandlululo. “ Lawo nakubantfwana, lakubite ngekutsi basekhaya bubeka bantfu ebungotini. magugu akafi.” “nguletinye tetintfo letikhombisa sibhuku lesikhulu” setinkinga sive Nakufika endzabeni yebudlova Wabayala bantfu labasha watsi sakitsi lesibukene naso. nebugebengu, bantfu labasha kusemandleni abo kutsi bavimbe kufanele kutsi kungabi ngibo “lomtselela webudli, wekutizuzela Lesibhuku usichaze ngekutsi lababentako. “Kushuca kuhle,” wena newekutinaka wena nje sabangwa “kuhlukubeteka emoyeni kwasho yena. “Kuvula emahle kuphela lokunguwo lobulala kwasesikhatsini lesengca lokwenteka etfu kuloko lokudzingeka kutsi ummango tsine[kuKhongolose] esiveni sakitsi. Simo sebudlova kwenteke[futsi]kufanele kutsi lesiwusekela njengendlela lobenteka ebaleni bangena kuholele etisombululweni yekusombulula tinkinga,” lodzabuka emindenini nakulowo nalowo letiphatsekako.” “ekujuleni kwemagugu e-Afrika, njengendlela yekusombulula tinkinga. kuluhlelo lolute buhlanga lolutsatsa Kodvwa ucele kakhulu takhamuti bantfu njengebantfu, akukhatsalekile Nanome kube nemitamo lemikhulu letincane kutsi tingavumeli nome kutsi babuya kuphi nekutsi limuva yekubuisana esikhatsini lesengcile, ngabe yini “lenuka budlova labo linjani.” iNingizimu Afrika solo isengakayitfoli bebugebengu. Hhayi emndenini indlela yekusombulula tincabano, ngisho wami. Hhayi endzaweni lapho Njengamnkantjubovu we-Mass nasemimangweni yetfu. Sehlulekile ngihlala khona. Hhayi emimangweni Democratic Movement, wabala tintfo kusungula sakhiwonchanti esiveni setfu wami.” Ucele kakhulu bantfu yena latilindzele kulesitukulwane lesitawubukana nekwelapha limuva labasha kutsi kube ngabo “labawisa lesitako. Kuhlonipha bantfu lapho sisuka khona.” letindvonga tekubindza esikhastini njengebantfu. Kufuna kuholelwa lesinyenti lokungito letifihla lokulinganako ngemsebenti Umnu Tsenoli ufisa kubona bugebengu.” lolinganako. Kususa lubandlululo nome kupheliswa ngekushesha budlova ngabe kukuphi labo luveta khona emakhaya, emisebentini, emapulazini Ikakhulu ucele lusha kutsi luyekele inhloko yalo lembi. Kwenta tintfo kanye nasetitaladini, kodvwa lokuba bantfu labafuna kuphela ngekungantjintjantjintji. Kungavumeli wacwayisa ngekutsi kwelapheka umsebenti, kodvwa esikhundleni kutsi tizatfu tetenkholo nome temasiko kudzinga kungenelele kwembuso. sekutsi lusebentise buciko nemtamo “ticindzetele emandla ebuciko INingizimu Afrika idzinga kutsi yekutsi lube bantfu labatidalela sive lesiwadzingako ekusombulula kwekucala ibukane nebudlova bantfu bona umsebenti. Wagcugcutela letinkinga letinyenti lesibukene nato lobentiwa kubo esikhatsini lesengca lusha kutsi lusungule budlelwane lapha eNingizimu Afrika.” lobentiwa ngumbuso kanye nebacashi bekusebentisana lusebentise labatsite ngekutsi lowo nalowo, lamatfuba lavetwa ngumkhakha “Lawo magugu amcoka kakhulu,” bantfu bendzawo kanye nemitamo wahulumende kutsi bacambe lokusha kwasho yena aphindzaphindza lehambisana nemmango kute futsi baletse tisombululo tetinkinga letinsayeya letimcoka iNingizimu kusonjululwe letinkinga.

8 PARLIAMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA youth month SPECIAL focus

What June 16 means to me Young MPs share the inspiration they draw from the youth of 1976

celebrate the contribution of the youth in the fight for liberation and the 41st anniversary of the To Soweto uprising, where students took to the streets to protest against the apartheid policy of making Afrikaans the medium of instruction in black schools, some young Members of Parliament (MPs) were interviewed by Sakhile Mokoena on the relevance of June 16 and the new struggles facing the youth of today.

to make them weaker, make them less important and make them less productive and they needed to stand up for what they wanted and define themselves for that time and also the type of future they wanted. So for me June 16 is about commemorating them and realising that as young people, we have it in us to be able to decide what we want for ourselves for our future.

“I think the struggle in 1976 was not just about education. It was about the future, and our struggle today as young people is about the future. What type of future do we want? You can argue and say it is about economic development. You can argue and say it is about opportunities to education. You can argue and say it is about economic emancipation, but it ultimately boils down to the future.

“What is it that we want our future to look like? Do we want to participate actively in the economy? Do we want to own it? Do we want to own the quality of education we receive, an education that will make us active SHAPING THE FUTURE: Ms Tasneem Motara participants, not only in South Africa, but globally as well? Tasneem Motara (34, African the type of education that they were National Congress) “June 16 for receiving at the time, in 1976, was “Parliament plays a central role me is about commemorating young not going to assist them to become because young people in South people who took to the streets to productive older people or even Africa represent the majority of define what type of future they young people back then. the population. We have a young wanted, who realised that education population, the youth cohort is a was important, but who realised that “It was a system that was created majority.

PARLIAMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA 9 special focus youth month

“If we don’t advocate for what young types of laws that we are passing. We make use of the rights that we have, people are saying, the issues and like to speak about the ‘born frees’, those responsibilities, the structures concerns that they are raising, the the young people who can vote that are there, open to everybody. types of challenges and struggles that today but who couldn’t vote 20 years Have we been able to internalise the they are facing and how to overcome ago or prior to the adoption of the Constitution? them, we might discover that we are Constitution. We have to find ways of irrelevant with regard to the types of bringing South Africans together, from “How meaningful is the Constitution laws that we pass. We might find a all walks of life. to the ‘born frees’? Is it just a piece of disjuncture between ourselves and paper or are they really internalising what is actually happening on the “The Constitution has given birth to what it means to be a South African ground. the basis of what we want to create using the Constitution as a basis for as South Africans. So young people the type of future that we want?” “Parliament plays a very important have to locate themselves within the role because we must take into rights and responsibilities enshrined Ms Hlumela Bucwa (24, Democratic consideration those types of solutions in the Constitution. They also have Alliance) “June 16 for me serves a and make sure that they fit into the to be able to use the Constitution, symbolic reminder of the struggles when young people came together QUALITY EDUCATION IS KEY: Ms Hlumela Bucwa to say ‘Enough is enough. Our generation will change the status quo’. They were fighting an unjust system that failed to recognise us. This is a reminder for me to say they had a particular mandate to fulfil and, as a young person in 2017, I also have a role and mandate to fulfil. So we should never forget the important role that the youth played then and the responsibility that lies before us as young people today.

“It is fundamental to understand what our mission is, particularly as the new generation. It is simply to fight for quality education. [In the past] I think it was more about an unjust system that they had to eradicate. Because of that system, they were unable to get proper quality education. For me, our struggle is to eradicate the social injustices that still prevail in our society. Some of those are poor education, no access to housing and no access to basic things that we need as human beings. If you give me an education, I am able to extricate myself from poverty and change my personal circumstances.

“Parliament plays a critical role because we are lawmakers. The laws

10 PARLIAMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA youth month special focus

that we pass affect people directly in society. One of our first responsibilities is to get a mandate from our people to understand their struggles and challenges. When we make laws and policies, we should ensure that they provide economic opportunities, and proper educational access and success to the youth. So we play a fundamental role in alleviating their dire situation and the challenges they face, such as all sorts of social ills and poverty.

“We have a critical role as lawmakers to change the circumstances of the youth. The Constitution is one of the key pillars that keeps us together. I was four years old when it was adopted, but to read it, particularly the Bill of Rights, those rights must not just be words on paper. They need to be lived experiences, they need to be practical.

“It is pointless to say ‘I have the right to education, but there is no proper access to education. I can’t say you have a right to basic services, but I’m not granting you those services. The Constitution should serve as a guiding document to what we need we have a voice: Mr Solly Malatsi to do as lawmakers is to ensure that South Africans have access to better now. Some of us are in Parliament they can show their greatness in things in life, in accordance with to be those leading voices, to make society, be it in education, in the the rights that are enshrined in our South Africa a better place for young economy or in sport. Constitution.” people, old people and everyone who lives in it. “Young people are not waiting for Mr Solly Malatsi (31) some magical intervention to make “June 16 means as young people we “The struggles of the youth are plenty. them better. All they need is to be must be at the forefront of making There is high unemployment and heard and to be given opportunities South Africa a better place. I think education is increasingly expensive, that will support their dreams, so that what it also means is that young but I think the challenge of young they can aspire to be the greatest people shouldn’t wait for society to people is basically to be heard. There generation that South Africa has provide solutions. We should be at the is so much greatness among young ever produced. Parliament is a big forefront of making this country what people and young people are not platform and for those young people we want it to be, because if we don’t looking for handouts, they are looking who have the opportunity to serve in nobody else will, or those that do so for proper support. They are looking Parliament, it is even more significant might speak on our behalf. We have for a platform to be heard and they because this is where the people we the voice and we have the space are looking for opportunities so that used to admire used to be.

PARLIAMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA 11 SPECIAL focus youth month

“Parliament can be sensitive to from, but also where we need to take need happens. young people’s voices and not the country. South Africa is besieged suffocate those voices. The majority with a lot of challenges and the youth “I strongly believe that there is a of parliamentarians aren’t young of 1976 challenge us to rise to the new energy in South Africa now, people, so young people’s voices occasion of dealing with our own where young people are rising to have to constantly battle to be challenges in our lifetime. the challenge and wanting to be heard. Parliament must not look at heard. The proliferation of social the robustness and energy of young “It might be a different time, but media in South Africa has been an people as something negative. the energy of the youth continues to added advantage of making the resonate in 2017 and continues doing youth’s voice heard. It is where new “As young people, we cannot be so moving forward. June 16 tells us discussions are taking place diplomatic when our interests are not as young people today, standing on and we are able to speak across taken seriously. We have the energy the shoulders of historic giants, who different cultures and different and it’s high time that such energy is were able to put their lives at risk for languages. seen as a positive ingredient because our own benefit, the biggest question we can’t be quiet while the interests is: are we prepared to do that as the “South Africa, through social media, of young people are being ignored. youth of 2017 for future generations? has come together. Parliament has a huge role to play in youth “As young people we realise that “June 16 is important for all young development because it is at the the Constitution has unlocked people, and to me it means that we heart of decision-making. It is where many opportunities and we realise need to keep on going. The struggles the final decisions are taken. You that without the Constitution, our of youth in 2017 remain the high have a situation where even now democracy will not have a heartbeat. levels of unemployment, which Parliament does not have a youth stand at record high of 27%. We have structure. How are some people “The Constitution is also a reminder of the challenges of access to quality supposed to be part of it if there is the massive responsibilities that we education. Fees must fall is one such not even a structure? have as the current leaders and future challenge. We have an economy that leaders of this country. To always is not growing and we have high “I’ve been here in Parliament since be mindful that to bring meaning levels of poverty. We have a situation 2012, and every year for the past five to the leadership opportunities that where social ills are enveloping our years I have raised this issue with we have, is to play by the book and young people. The issue of women the Presiding Officers, with the Chief show the utmost respect for our abuse; these are all things which Whips and it has come to nothing and Constitution. To ensure we don’t touch on young people. it becomes important because if you just say that when we are within have gender-sensitive budgeting, it the space of Parliament and even in “We may have attained political follows that you need youth-sensitive society, we must embody the spirit freedom in 1994, but in 2017 we budgeting. of the Constitution, so that we know find ourselves on the back foot, that we are the shining examples that and we have become nothing more “As young people we are not in that we have always aspired to be. than voting fodder. When we vote space of decision-making and you for five years, there is an absence need to make sure that you formalise “We must also ensure that we give of interaction, there is an absence that space. It’s no use relying on hope to young people that the of engagement and that needs to me as an individual Member of respect for the Constitution is not change. And the only way to change Parliament just because I’m a young just a box-ticking exercise, but the is if the youth of 2017 stand up to be person, because whatever I say does lifeblood of our aspirations as young counted on a daily basis. not have the authority of an official people and as leaders.” structure. “As an active citizenry we want to be Mkhuleko Hlengwa (30, Inkatha at the forefront, challenging issues “Secondly, that structure will assist in Freedom Party) “June 16 means a lot constructively, providing solutions ensuring that whatever government of things to young people, because and ensuring that in such a manner departments bring to Parliament – it is a reminder of where we come we are listened to and what we policy, budgeting and so on – that

12 PARLIAMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA youth month SPECIAL focus

past, an oppressive past. We are now 23 years into our freedom, equality and democracy, with a progressive, free Constitution.

“Now is the time for us to ask ourselves the serious question: have we have met the expectations of the Constitution? Now is the time to assess whether we have achieved the vision of the Constitution and, most importantly for us, to defend the provisions of the Constitution, the independence of the judiciary, the independence of the Chapter 9 institutions and whether amendments ought to be made, for example on the land question. Are the provisions of the Constitution adequate in addressing the land question?

“The Constitution needs to become a living document for young people, for us to interact with it. We want to develop a black intelligentsia in South Africa, a youth intelligentsia in South Africa, which is able to grapple with the complex issues of our times and be able to chart a national vision anchored in the NDP [National Development Plan], anchored in the Constitution, anchored in the youth-sensitive budgeting: Mr Mkhuleko Hlengwa liberation dream, where all of us are equal, have equal opportunities, where the dignity of the black structure will be able to benchmark Africa is free and democratic. The person is restored, and where most those things against the collective Constitution guarantees us rights, importantly, we no longer have to interests of young people. but what is important for us young fear that we might go back to the people is to note that rights come past. “So you need to have an organised with responsibility. The Constitution parliamentary structure for young protects us even from ourselves. “Recent events challenge us that we people to be able to express must never take the Constitution for themselves, which will rise above the “The Constitution is the national vision granted. The realities of state capture, divides of politics and embrace the of the type of society that we want corruption, and fraud all undermine challenges of young people so they and if all of us keep a clear focus the gains the Constitution seeks to can move forward in unison. on the Constitution, we will be able advance for all of us. As young people to take significant strides forward. we must be the custodians of the “We welcome the celebration The Constitution maintains a healthy Constitution because we are not just of the Constitution, 20 years on. system of checks and balances, but leaders of tomorrow, we are leaders It is important because we are most importantly, it reminds us of and we will be accountable tomorrow reminded once again that South where we come from, our unequal for the decisions we take today.”

PARLIAMENTPARLIAMENT OFOF THE REPUBLICREPUBLIC OFOF SOUTHSOUTH AFRICAAFRICA 13 special focus chief whip of ncop

NCOP has a new Chief Whip

newly elected Chief Whip of the National Council fulfilling its mandate and how should The of Provinces (NCOP), Mr Seiso Mohai, believes the we redefine the role of the council NCOP’s success should be measured by its contribution to changing of provinces? What are the new the living conditions of the people, writes Sakhile Mokoena. areas of innovation that we want to bring to the fore? I believe that this provides an opportune moment for us to critically look into areas that need During an interview with InSession contribution to the national sphere to be strengthened in this current and Parliament’s TV channel (408 on of governance by practically period,” said the Chief Whip. DStv) he said: “We always assert that highlighting areas that constitute we measure our success based on gaps in terms of policy and delivery Mr Mohai said that part of his focus the changing conditions of the lives of services, but also strengthening will be to mobilise all parties in of the people. the relationship among the three the NCOP “not to lose focus on spheres of government: national, our task of serving as a forum “We believe that the NCOP, together provincial and local. for provincial interests, and also with the innovations that it making a meaningful contribution in introduced, like Taking Parliament “In my position, I have to play a key identifying gaps where they exist”. to the People and Provincial Week, role to ensure that the NCOP upholds which relate more concretely in the the discipline and rules of the House, The fifth Parliament adopted the provincial sphere of government, and serves all Members of the House concept of an ’activist Parliament’, ensure that it brings together the equally. We maintain discipline and as a guiding principle during this different spheres of government to decorum of the House. We speak term. “I think the key issue that we attend to burning questions that face about the notion of the people’s need to deal with in the ’activist our communities. It has really made Parliament, the extent to which Parliament’ is to be at one in terms a huge improvement,” said Mr Parliament reaches out to the people of the conceptualisation of the key Mohai. and how the views of the people indicators of what constitutes a find resonance in our work. How people’s Parliament, so that this In the Constitution, the role of the do we respond to the concerns and should not be mere sloganeering. NCOP’s Chief Whip is defined as, frustrations that the people express?” This is so that there are clear among other things, to coordinate indicators upon which we base provincial inputs and ensure that This year, the NCOP celebrates ourselves to say this is a people’s minority parties participate in the 20 years since its establishment. Parliament.” core business of the House (the Mr Mohai said this provides an NCOP). exciting moment to reflect on the Mr Mohai’s political activism began NCOP’s strengths and also identify on the dusty streets of what was The effective functioning of the NCOP areas that require improvement. then South Africa’s largest informal also resides with its Committees. settlement, Botshabelo, in the “We deal with a range of issues: “Also, most importantly for the party Mangaung area in the 1980s. The provincial mandates, contestation that I belong to, this is the year of settlement was established in 1979 of issues arising from provinces to policy reflection, where we take in terms of apartheid policy to the national sphere and national stock over a period of time to ask: reserve urban areas for white people legislation. These make a meaningful is the NCOP in its current configuration and keep black people in rural ones.

14 PARLIAMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA chief whip of ncop Special focus

LEADERSHIP FOR SUCCESS: NCOP Chief Whip Mr Seiso Mohai.

“I participated in the youth formations. You will recall that [various] student organisations formed the South African Youth Congress (Sayco) until the 1990s, when political organisations were unbanned and the African National Congress (ANC) Youth League was re-established. I became the Chairperson of the ANC Youth League upon its re-establishment in the southern Free State.”

Mr Mohai became a Member of Parliament in 1999 and served on the Portfolio Committees on Communications, Education, and Public Service and Administration. Between 2002 and 2004 he served as Chief Whip of the ANC in the Free State provincial legislature, before being appointed MEC for Public Works, Roads and Transport, a position he held until 2009.

Between 2009 and 2013 he served as MEC for Finance, before the ANC redeployed him to Parliament. “After the 2014 elections, I was appointed Chairperson of the ANC Parliamentary Caucus, which is a position I still held until I was appointed as NCOP Chief Whip. I have also served in other capacities as Chairperson of the Select Committee on Appropriations, as well as serving as a Co-Chairperson of the Joint Committee on Financial Management of Parliament. This is a new Committee, established in 2016, which has the important role of exercising oversight over Parliament’s financial management, budget and so forth.”

PARLIAMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA 15 ho sedzeswa nyambedzano na tshimebi tshihulwane

Kha vha ṱangane na Tshimebi Tshihulwane tshine tsha khou tou bva u khethwa tsha Khoro ya Lushaka ya Mavunḓu

Tshihulwane tshine tsha khou tou bva u Tshimebi Tshihulwane tsha NCOP Tshimebi khethwa tsha Khoro ya Lushaka ya Mavunḓu wo ṱalutshedzwa sa, vhukati (NCOP) Vho Seiso Mohai vha fhulufhela uri u bvelela ha NCOP hu ha miṅwe minzhi, u konanya tea u elwa nga u longa tshanḓa hayo kha u shandukisa nyimele dza mahumbulwa a mavunḓu na u vhutshilo ha vhathu, Vho Sakhile Mokoena vho ṅwala nga u ralo. Yo khwaṱhisedza uri mahoro maṱuku pindulelwa nga Livhuwani Madiba. a shela mulenzhe kha mushumo muhulwane wa Nnḓu (NCOP).

Nga tshifhinga tsha nyambedzano Vhathuni na Vhege Ya Mavunḓu Kushumele kwo khwaṱhaho na InSession khathihi na TV ya zwine zwa kwama nga maanḓa kwa NCOP ku bveledzwa nga Phalamennde (Tshanele ya 408 sia ḽa muvhuso wa Vunḓu, i ḓo Komiti dzayo. Ri shuma ro sedza kha DStv) vho ri: “Ri khwaṱhisedza khwaṱhisedza uri i ṱanganyisa masia zwithu zwo fhambanaho, ndaela tshifhinga tshoṱhe uri ri ela mvelelo o fhambanaho a muvhuso uri a dza mavunḓu, mihumbulo yo yashu zwi tshi bva kha nyimele sedzisise mbudziso dzi konḓaho fhambanaho u bva kha mavunḓu u dzi shandukaho dza vhutshilo ha dzo livhanaho na zwitshavha ya kha sia ḽa lushaka, na theo ya vhathu. zwa hashu. Yo ita mvelaphanḓa mulayo ya lushaka. khulwane vhukuma,” Vho Mohai “Ri tenda uri NCOP, khathihi na vho amba nga u ralo. Hezwi zwi ḓisa thikhedzo i pfadzaho tshanduko ntswa dzine ya khou dzi kha sia ḽa vhuvhusi ha lushaka ḓisa, u fana na U isa Phalamennde Kha Mulayotewa, mushumo wa nga u sumbedzisa vhupo vhune

16 PARLIAMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA nyambedzano na tshimebi tshihulwane ho sedzeswa

MAFHUNGO A MAVUNḓU: Nnḓuya Khoroya Lushakaya Mavunḓu.

ha bveledza zwikhala malugana ane a ṱoḓa u khwaṱhiswa kha Youth Congress (Sayco) u swikela na mulayo na nḓisedzo ya tshifhinga tsha zwino,” Tshimebi miṅwahani ya 1990, musi mahoro tshumelo, na u dovha ya khwaṱhisa Tshihulwane vho amba nga u ralo. a polotiki a si tsha iledzwa he Ḽigi vhushaka vhukati ha masia mararu Vho Mohai vho amba uri tshipiḓa ya Vhaswa ya African National a muvhuso – wa lushaka, wa tsha mushumo wavho hu ḓo vha Congress (ANC) ya thomiwa nga mavunḓu na wapo. u kuvhanganya mahoro oṱhe huswa. Ndo ḓo vha Mudzulatshidulo kha NCOP “uri sa foramu ya wa Ḽigi ya vhaswa ya ANC musi “Kha vhuimo hanga, ndi tea u madzangalelo a mavunḓu, a songo i tshi thomiwa nga huswa ngei tamba tshipiḓa tshihulwane tsha u bva nḓilani ya mushumo washu tshipembe ha Free State. khwaṱhisedza uri NCOP i tevhedza wa u shumela vhathu, na u ṋea vhulayi na milayo ya Nnḓu, na u thikhedzo i pfadzaho kha u topola Vho Mohai vho ḓo vha Muraḓo wa shumela Miraḓo yoṱhe ya Nnḓu zwikhala hune zwa vha hone” Phalamennde nga 1999 vha shuma nga nḓila i linganaho. Ri tevhedza kha Komiti dza Phothifoḽio nga ha vhulayi na tshirunzi tsha Nnḓu. Phalamennde ya vhuṱanu Vhudavhidzani, Pfunzo na Tshumelo yo ṱanganedza muhumbulo ya Tshitshavha na Ndaulo. Vhukati “Ri a amba nga muhumbulo wa “Phalamennde ya ha 2002 na 2004, vho shuma sa wa Phalamennde ya vhathu, uri vhulwelatshanduko” sa tsumbanḓila Tshimebi Tshihulwane tsha ANC Phalamennde yo swikelela vhathuni kha tshifhinga tsha themu iyi. ngei kha Vhusimamilayo ha Vunḓu zwingafhani na uri kha mushumo ḽa Free State phanḓa ha musi vha washu mihumbulo ya vhathu “Ndi humbula uri fhungo tshi tholiwa sa MEC wa Mishumo ya i dzhielwa nṱha hani. Mbilaelo ḽihulwane ḽine ra fanela u sedza Tshitshavha, Dzibada na Vhuendi, na nḓaḓo dzine vhathu vha dzi khaḽo kha “Phalamennde vhuimo he vha vhu fara u swikela sumbedzisa ri dzi tandulula nga ya vhulwelatshanduko”, ndi 2009. nḓilaḓe?” u tendelana mulagana na kuhumbulele kwa zwisumbi Vhukati ha 2009 na 2013 vho shuma Uno ṅwaha, NCOP i khou zwihulwane zwa uri ndi zwifhio zwi sa MEC wa zwa Masheleni, phanḓa pembela miṅwaha ya 20 u bva vhumbaho Phalamennde ya vhathu, ha musi vha tshi ḓiswa u shuma tshe ya thomiwa. Vho Mohai vho uri hu sa sokou vha u amba fhedzi Phalamenndeni. ri tshifhinga itshi tshi ṋetshedza hu si na zwi no itwa. Uri hu vhe tshikhala tshi takadzaho tsha na zwisumbi zwi re khagala zwine “Nga murahu ha khetho dza 2014, u sedza kha maanḓa ayo na u ngazwo ra kona u amba uri heyi ndi ndo ḓo tholiwa sa Mudzulatshidulo dovha ya topola masia ane a ṱoḓa Phalamennde ya vhathu.” wa Khokhasi ya Phalamennde ya khwiniso. ANC, he ha vha vhuimo he nda vhu Polotiki ya vhulwelatshanduko ya fara u swikela ndi tshi tholiwa sa “Zwiṅwe hafhu zwa vhuṱhogwa, kha Vho Mohai yo thoma kha bada dza Tshimebi Tshihulwane tsha NCOP. ḽihoro ḽine nda vha muraḓo waḽo, mabuse dza vhupo ha mikhukhuni Ndo shuma hafhu kha vhuṅwe hoyu ndi ṅwaha wa u sedzulusa vhuhulwanesa Afurika Tshipembe, vhuimo sa Mudzulatshidulo wa Komiti phoḽisi hune ra dzula fhasi ra sedza Botshabelo, ngei Mangaung ya NCOP nga ha Mikovho, khathihi phoḽisi nga nthihi nga nthihi ra ḓi miṅwahani ya 1980. Mikhukhu yo na u shuma sa Mudzulatshidulongae vhudzisa: Naa NCOP kha tshifhinga thomiwa nga 1979 u ya nga mulayo wa Komiti yo Ṱanganelaho nga ha tsha zwino i khou bveledza ndaela wa tshiṱalula wa u vhetshela thungo Vhulanguli ha zwa Masheleni a yayo na uri ri nga ṱalutshedza hani vhupo ha ḓoroboni u itela makhuwa Phalamennde. nga huswa mushumo wa khoro ya na uri vharema vha vhe vhone vha mavunḓu? dzulaho kha vhupo ha mahayani. “Heyi ndi Komiti ntswa yo thomiwaho nga 2016 ine ya vha na mushumo “Ndi masia maswa a muhumbulo “Ndo dzhenela kha madzangano wa vhuṱhogwa wa u ita vhulavhelesi afhio ane ra tea u a ṱahisa? Ndi a vhaswa. Vha ḓo zwi humbula uri kha vhulanguli ha zwa masheleni a tenda uri hezwi zwi ri ṋea tshikhala madzangano (o fhambanaho) a Phalamennde, mugaganyagwama na tsha u sedzisisa zwavhuḓi masia vhagudi o ḓo vhumba South African zwiṅwevho.”

PARLIAMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA 17 general news high level panel roundtable on spatial inequality

High Level Panel seeks solutions to spatial inequality

High Level Panel (HLP) on the Assessment of Key Legislation and the Acceleration of Fundamental Change’s Theroundtable discussion on spatial inequality seeks to find ways of correcting the legacy of spatial inequality that still besets South Africa, the Chairperson of the HLP Mr Kgalema Motlanthe told the participants at the roundtable discussion, writes Abel Mputing.

The HLP invited experts on spatial He said the key point is that South issues to the HLP’s roundtable in Africa needs a systemic view that will Parliament to share ideas on how to address a complex integrated system tackle the spatial inequality that is that no single magic bullet can solve. the result of apartheid-era planning. “When it comes to land, things are “We have invited experts to analyse connected to housing, economy and and help us to determine how this people’s rights to urban housing. can be addressed through legislation Currently, we have a particular and policy or legislative gaps that legislation that is not integrated and exist, to address this challenge,” will never work,” he said. said Mr Motlanthe. Furthermore, contradictions in Discussing the purpose of the policies and regulation exacerbate roundtable discussion on spatial this challenge. “The National Land inequality, the Chairperson of the Framework and redistribution of land HLP’s sub-committee on land, Dr must be looked at as a means to an these institutions to cooperate and Aninka Claassens, said the intent end. This relates well with the United to ensure that inter-governmental of the session was to devise Nations Habitat’s adoption of a new relations get our cities working recommendations that would urban agenda that identifies cities as together. help to realign the institutional areas that can promote sustainable arrangements, forms of tenure and development goals,” Prof Turok said. “When it comes to spatial inequality, oversight to ensure that people are we are the worst in the world with accorded rights to land as a means Prof Turok told members of the HLP regard to where people work and to address existing spatial inequality. that the zoning of cities as economic where they live. The congestion is a hubs is hampered by the fact that cost to the economy and that relates Speaking on the topic “Reducing their policy directives lie in different to the physical separation of people spatial inequality with better spheres and are determined by from productive activity. The poverty regulation”, Prof Ivan Turok said various government departments, not trap of informal settlements in this existing policies are disjointed the cities themselves. For instance, country is the most extreme in the and unresponsive to reality. Prof Prof Turok said integrated transport world,” Prof Turok said. Turok said that South Africa needs is fundamental for cities to develop, specific legislation and policies that but remains a national competence Dr Wanga Zembe, who represented will address the realities of spatial and cities can do nothing about it. the Southern African Social Policy inequality. “In the short-term, we need to get Research Institute at the HLP’s

18 PARLIAMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA high level panel roundtable on spatial inequality general news

ASSESSING LEGISLATION: HLP Chairperson Mr Kgalema Motlanthe. roundtable discussion, said spatial members of the HLP that the state is Contributing to the problem is that inequality is rife in the former perpetuating spatial inequality around most government land has not homelands. He singled out the Cape Town by building houses for the been transferred to the City of Cape Eastern Cape for special mention. previously disadvantaged in far-flung Town Metropolitan Municipality. “The Eastern Cape is the most areas. “There is not a single housing “The City’s argument is that there deprived province in the country and unit that has been built in the city is lack of available land for housing the Western Cape the least deprived since 1994. This has entrenched the development in the city centre. Often in relation to rural spatial inequality. past spatial patterns,” she said. the City claims that it has identified Deprivation is mostly concentrated in suitable land elsewhere for housing the former homelands, and the most “What we see instead is the development, but that land has affected is the former Transkei,” said systematic removal of the previously not yet been transferred to it (the Dr Zembe. disadvantaged people far away from City) by government or parastatal the city through gentrification. Inner- organisations,” Ms Selebalo said. Ms Hopolang Selebalo, who city pockets, such as Woodstock and represented the Cape Town-based Salt River, are cases in point. In these Participants in the roundtable discussion land rights non-governmental areas the working class is being agreed that the legacy of spatial organisation Sifuna Ukwazi, presented pushed out from places in which they inequality cannot be addressed by the the City of Cape Town’s spatial have lived for decades to create space government alone and that the private inequality as a case study. She told for gentrification,” she said. sector also has a big role to play.

PARLIAMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA 19 nkongomiso wo hlawuleka phanele ya levhele ya xiyimo xa le henhla

Phanele ya levhele ya xiyimo xa le henhla yi lava swintshuxo swa ku pfumala ku ringana hi swa matshamelo

wa ntlawa lowutsongo wa vativinkulu ya mavonelo lama nga ta ololoxa Mbhurisano lava twananaka ku ringana hi swiyimo sisiteme yo tika leyi hlanganisiweke wa Phanele ya Levhele ya Xiyimo xa le Henhla (HLP) eka swa timhaka leyi xintshuxo xa mahlori xi nga ka xi ta Makambelelo ya Milawu ya Nkoka na ku Nghwetlisisiwa ka ku nga yi ololoxi. “Loko swi ta eka timhaka Cinca ka Masungulo hi mayelana na ku pfumaleka ka ku ringana ka ta misava, mhaka leyi yi fambelana swa matshamelo wu lava ku kuma tindlela to ololoxa ndzhaka ya ku na vuakeri, ikhonomi na timfanelo ta pfumala ku ringana ka swa matshamelo loku ka ha riki kona eAfrika- vanhu eka vuakeri bya le madorobeni. Dzonga, Mutshamaxitulu wa Phanele ya Levhele ya Xiyimo xa le Sweswi hi na nawu wo karhi lowu nga Henhla, Nkulukumba Kgalema Motlanthe a byela vangheneleri eka hlanganisiwangiki, naswona a wu nge njhekanjhekisano wa xiakhademiki ePalamende, ku tsala Abel Mputing. tirhi,” ku vula yena. Tsalwa leri ri hundzuluxiwile hi Solomon Mgiba. Ku tatisela kwalaho, ku kanetana ka HLP yi rhamba vativinkulu eka timhaka Claassens u vule leswaku xikongomelo tipholisi na swinawana ku nyanyisa ta swa matshamelo eka mbhurisano xa nhlengeletano a ku ri ku ta na ntlhontlho lowu. “Rimba ra swa wa ntlawa lowutsongo wa vativinkulu swibumabumelo leswi nga ta pfuneta Timhaka ta Misava ra Rixaka na ku lava twananaka ku ringana hi swiyimo ku fambelanisa makunguhatelo ya hangalasiwa ka misava nakambe ku wa yona ku avelana miehleketo hi mfumo, swivumbeko swa mfanelo fanele ku langutiwa tanihi ndlela yo mayelana na hilaha leswi swi nga yo tshama na vuangameri ku vona fikelela xintshuxo. Leswi swi fambelana ololoxiwaka hakona ku pfumala ku leswaku vanhu va nyikiwa timfanelo kahle na ku amukeriwa ka nongonoko ringana hi swa matshamelo loku veke ta misava tanihi ndlela yo ololoxa ku wuntshwa wa swa timhaka ta kona hikokwalaho ka makunguhatelo pfumala ku ringana hi swa matshamelo madoroba wa Vutshamo wa Nhlangano ya swa matshamelo ya nkarhi wa loku nga kona. wa Matiko lowu tekaka madorobankulu xihlawuhlawu. “Hi rhambe vativinkulu tanihi tindhawu leti nga tlakusaka ku xopaxopa no hi pfuna ku boha Loko a vulavula hi nhlokomhaka ya “Ku swikongomelo swa nhluvukiso lowu hilaha leswi swi nga ololoxiwaka hungutiwa ka ku pfumala ku ringana hi nga ta va kona nkarhi wo leha,” ku vula hakona hi ku tirhisa nawu na pholisi swa matshamelo hi ku tirhisa milawu Phurofesa Turok. kumbe mavangwa ya swa nawu lama yo antswa”, Phurofesa Ivan Turok u nga kona ku ololoxa ntlhontlho lowu,” vule leswaku tipholisi leti nga kona a ti Phurofesa Turok u byele swirho swa ku vula Nkulukumba Motlanthe. khomananga, naswona a ti anguli eka HLP leswaku maavelo ya matirhiselo timhaka ta mintiyiso-xidzi. Phurofesa ya misava eka madorobankulu tanihi Loko ku kanerisaniwa hi xikongomelo Turok u vule leswaku Afrika-Dzonga yi tindhawu leti nga ta kurisa swa xa mbhurisano wa ntlawa lowutsongo lava milawu na tipholisi leti kongomeke ikhonomi ku siveriwa hi mhaka ya wa vativinkulu lava twananaka ku leti nga ta ololoxa mintiyiso-xidzi leswaku swileriso swa tipholisi ta ringana hi swiyimo hi mayelana ya ku pfumala ku ringana hi swa wona ti le ka swiyenge swo hambana, na ku pfumala ku ringana hi swa matshamelo. naswona swi bohiwa hi tindzawulo matshamelo, Mutshamaxitulu wa to hambana ta mfumo, ku nga ri komitintsongo ya HLP eka swa U vule leswaku mhaka ya nkoka hi hi madorobankulu hi woxe. Tanihi timhaka ta misava, Dokodela Aninka leswaku Afrika-Dzonga yi lava ndlela xikombiso, Phurofesa Turok u vule

20 PARLIAMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA phanele ya levhele ya xiyimo xa le henhla nkongomiso wo hlawuleka

tindlu ta vanhuhinkwavo: Tindlu ta mfumo hi minkarhi yotalatiakiwaekulenalahavanhuvatirhakakona. leswaku vutleketli lebyi hlanganisiweke xa Kapa-Vupeladyambu a xi swelanga Salt River i swikombiso swa kahle. Eka i bya nkoka leswaku madorobankulu ngopfu hi mayelana na ku pfumala tindhawu leti, ntlawa wa vanhu lava va ma kula, kambe wolowo wa ha tama ku ringana hi swa matshamelo eka thoriwaka ku tirha mitirho ya mavoko wu va ntirho wa mfumo wa le xikarhi, tindhawu ta le makaya. Ku pfumala ku kumbe etifemeni va rhurhisiwile eka naswona madorobankulu ma nge endli tele ngopfu eka khale ka matikoxikaya, tindhawu leti a va tshama eka tona nchumu hi swona. “Eka xinkarhana naswona leri khumbhekaka swinene malembekhume yotala ku tumbuluxa lexi, hi fanele hi endla mihlangano leyi i khale ka Transkei,” ku vula Dokodela ndhawu yo antswisa miako ya khale yi tirhisana no vona leswaku vuxaka Zembe. edorobeni, kutani ku tlakusiwa tihakelo exikarhi ka tindzawulo ta mfumo byi ta rente,” ku vula yena. endla madorobankulu ya hina ma Manana Hopolang Selebalo loyi a tirhisana.” yimeleke nhlangano lowu nga riki wa Lexi hoxaka xandla eka xiphiqo lexi hi mfumo lowu kumekaka eCape Town, leswaku misava yotala ya mfumo a “Loko swi ta eka ku pfumala ku ringana Sifuna Ukwazi, u nyike ku pfumala yi hundziseriwanga eka Masipala wa hi swa matshamelo, hi hina vo salela ku ringana hi swa matshamelo ka Dorobankulu ra Cape Town. “Vonelo endzhaku ku tlula hinkwavo emisaveni Dorobankulu ra Cape Town tanihi hi ra Dorobankulu hi leswaku ku na ku hi mayelana na laha vanhu va tirhaka xiviko xa ndzavisiso. U byele swirho swa pfumaleka ka misava leyi ku nga no tshamaka kona. Ntlimbano wu HLP leswaku mfumo wu nyanyisa ku akiwaka tindlu endzeni ka dorobankulu. durhela ikhonomi hi mayelana na ku pfumala ku ringana hi swa matshamelo Minkarhi yotala Dorobankulu ri vula hambanisiwa ka vanhu na laha va eCape Town hi ku aka tindlu ta leswi nga riki ntiyiso leswaku ri vone tirhaka kona. Ku tsandzeka ku balekela vanhu lava a va tekeriwe timfanelo misava leyi faneleke kun’wana leyi vusweti eka tindhawu ta le swidakanini to hlawula khale eka tindhawu leti ku nga ta akiwa tindlu eka yona, eka tiko leri hi kona ko nyanya swinene nga ekule swinene. “Ku hava yindlu kambe misava yoleyo a yi se za yi emisaveni,” ku vula Phurofesa Turok. hambi yi ri ya mhamba leyi nga akiwa hundziseriwa eka rona (Dorobankulu) eka dorobankulu ku sukela hi 1994. hi mfumo kumbe hi mihlangano leyi Dokodela Wanga Zembe loyi a yimeleke Leswi swi tiyisise tipatironi ta swa fambisiwaka hi mfumo,” ku vula Nhlangano wa swa Ndzavisiso ya matshamelo ya khale,” ku vula yena. Manana Selebalo. Pholisi ya Vaakitiko wa Afrika-Dzonga eka mbhurisano wa ntlawa lowutsongo “Leswi hi swi vonaka hi le tlhelo i ndlela Vangheneleri eka mbhurisano wa wa vativinkulu lava twananaka ku leyi vanhu lava khale a va pfumala ntlawa lowutsongo wa vativinkulu ringana hi swiyimo eka HLP u vule hi swa ikhonomi va susiwaka hayona lava twananaka ku ringana hi swiyimo leswaku ku pfumala ku ringana hi swa va yisiwa kule na dorobankulu hi ku va twanane leswaku ndzhaka ya matshamelo ku humelela ngopfu eka tirhisa ndlela yo antswisa miako ya ku pfumala ku ringana hi swa khale ka matikoxikaya. U hlawule Kapa- khale edorobeni, kutani ku tlakusiwa matshamelo yi nge ololoxiwi hi mfumo Vuxa tanihi xikombiso xo hlawuleka. tihakelo ta rente. Tindhawu leti ku wu ri woxe na leswaku sekithara leyi “Kapa-Vuxa i xifundzankulu lexi nga na tshamaka vanhu leti nga le handle ka nga riki ya mfumo yi na xiave lexikulu ku pfumala swinene etikweni, naswona dorobankulu to fana na Woodstocks na xo xi tlanga.

PARLIAMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA 21 general news high level panel roundtable on traditional leadership

TRADITIONAL LEADERSHIP: HLP Chairperson Mr Kgalema Motlanthe and Contralesa President Kgosi Setlamorago Thobejane. Contralesa calls for constitutional amendments

22 PARLIAMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA high level panel roundtable on traditional leadership general news

Congress of Traditional Leaders of South Africa (Contralesa) African culture, which they said is being The called for the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa eroded. to be amended in order to clearly spell out the role and functions of traditional leaders, writes Modise Kabeli. Kgosi Thobejane said the existence of traditional leadership is based on land. “If there was no land we would not Contralesa President Kgosi Kgosi Thobejane questioned why exist.” He said they do not support the Setlamorago Thobejane made this call there was no budget allocated for the issuing of title deeds in communal land, during a roundtable discussion with establishment of Traditional Councils, as “permission-to-occupy” is the only the High Level Panel (HLP) on the as spelled out in the Act. “When you credible way they allocate land to all. Assessment of Key Legislation and the put an institution up and you do not Acceleration of Fundamental Change support it, you’re setting it up for failure. “Our government is perpetuating a held in Cape Town at the Western And we are failing,” he said. colonial economic spatial planning. Cape Provincial Legislature. Inequalities will be perpetuated if we do He said there was loss of trust in the not lose the individualistic mentality,” Pointing to certain sections of the institution of traditional leadership emphasised Kgosi Thobejane. Constitution as points of reference and because there are concerted efforts to to strengthen his argument, Kgosi perpetuate the decline of the authority He said when people talk about Thobejane said: “Sections 211 and of traditional leaders. returning the land, they are told to look 212 of the Constitution are our major only at land with grave sites, but this challenge now. They exclude what is key “You put another tier of governance excludes the bulk of the land which for us. They must be revisited to define between us and our people – the local was taken away from them. the role and function of traditional government. Instead of coming to us to leaders. The traditional courts must take find ways we can work together, you On the custodianship of the African their tune from the Constitution.” push us away. People put there (in local culture, Kgosi Thobejane said: “African government) work against traditional culture and practices are in danger of Kgosi Thobejane said the Constitution leaders.” obliteration, but the traditional leaders withholds legitimacy from traditional seem to be succeeding in keeping it leaders. “We exist without laws, but He added that the roundtable intact, despite lack of support from we are functioning. This institution’s discussion has exposed their pain. Their government. Behavioral change will legitimacy comes from the people. participation in the roundtable discussion help the institution to bring back hope That is where we draw our legitimacy. came with mixed feelings because to the people.” We do not exist because of the laws. they came to the roundtable not only We do not have police in rural areas, to clarify their role, but to also “register On the promotion of moral values, but we have stability because there our shock at being asked to justify our he said it is a well-known fact that is moral leadership.” existence as the traditional leadership”. traditional leaders promote moral values and the culture of respect for According to Kgosi Thobejane, the Other issues raised during the all humanity. He said those traditional institution they lead “is the only system discussion included the return of land, communities that practise koma of governance that existed before the allowing traditional councils to play the (initiation schools) taught the young arrival of colonisers who pushed us into same role as ward committees, equal people how they should behave and the periphery of our country”. treatment of traditional leaders and preserve themselves. involvement in the development of He blamed the government for customary laws. The HLP Chairperson, former showing bias by implementing the President Mr Kgalema Motlanthe, Traditional Leadership and Governance At the roundtable discussion, the thanked the leadership of Contralesa Framework Act “selectively and without leadership of Contralesa also presented for its openness, adding that their uniformity”. He said it is “heart- their views on the relevance of presentation will give the HLP breaking” that one king is allocated traditional leadership in South Africa, a chance to present a clear and R1bn for a palace while other kings including their role in promoting moral referenced report to the Speakers’ do not have extra rooms for guests. values and in the custodianship of Forum at the right time.

PARLIAMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA 23 Committee news Portfolio Committee on Basic Education

Mother tongue to enhance social cohesion

Minister of Basic Education, Ms Angie Motshekga, and She was also encouraged by the The senior officials of the Department of Basic Education fact that the programme ensures appeared before the Portfolio Committee on Basic Education to brief that all public schools offer at least the Committee on progress in the implementation of the Incremental one indigenous African language to Introduction of African languages (IIAL) and on progress on the plans to learners. make History a compulsory subject in the South African schools, writes Mava Lukani. According to Ms Motshekga, although there are challenges, such as finding teachers to fill these posts, The National Curriculum Statement other one as a subject. Briefing the attitudes towards African languages, (NCS) requires all schools to offer Committee, Ms Motshekga said she the distance between schools and teaching of two official languages, was encouraged with the progress budgetary constraints, there is no one of which must be the language made in the implementation of the opposition to the IIAL within the of learning and teaching, and the IIAL at public schools. education section.

24 PARLIAMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA Portfolio Committee on Basic Education Committee news

PROMOTING MULTILINGUALISM: The Incremental Introduction of African Languages Programme aims to ensure schools offer teaching in at least two indigenous South African languages.

as part of the curriculum requirement IIAL and a vigorious advocacy and to strengthen the use of African campaign. languages at home language level,” Ms Motshekga said. On future implementation plans, the Committee heard that the IIAL will be The Director-General of the implemented incrementally in all the Department of Basic Education, targeted schools in Grade 1 in 2018 Mr Mweli Mathanzima, presented and in subsequent years until Grade a progress report to the Committee. 12 in 2029. Mr Mathanzima told the He said the IIAL was piloted in Grades Committee that the implementation 1 and 2 in 264 public schools will be staggered per phase. across all provinces in 2014 and 2015. In 2016 the programme On the plans to make history a was implemented in 842 public compulsory subject in South African schools and there are currently schools, the Committee heard that 973 schools that are implementing there is a Ministerial Task Team (MTT) the programme. tasked with conducting research on how best to introduce compulsory Mr Mathanzima told the Committee history in Further Education and that to achieve more progress on Training (FET) schools, strengthen the implementation of the IIAL, the content of history in the FET the Council of Education Ministers band and review content in the approved a recommendation of the General Education and Training band. Ministers Management Meeting that The MTT will compile a final report all public schools that are not offering and present it to the Minister of Basic a previously marginalised official Education and senior management African language should implement by December 2017. the IIAL in 2018 and all 3 558 schools should implement the IIAL in Grade Some members of the Committee Ms Motshekga told the Committee 1 in 2018. remain unconvinced about the that the IIAL programme flows importance of history as a subject. from the National Development The objectives of the IIAL include Ms Motshekga told them about the Plan, which states that “since a few strengthening the use of African other skills that are achievable from non-African South Africans speak languages at home language level, the study of history. any African language, a second improving proficiency in and utility challenge is to encourage those for of the previously marginalised She said lawyers and judges often whom an African language is not a African languages and expanding anchor their strengths in the field of mother tongue to develop at least a opportunities for the development law on the skill they obtained from conversational competence in one of of African languages to help preserve history. Ms Motshekga said the study these languages. Both government heritage and culture. of history also offers other skills such and society should promote and as logical thinking and argumentation. celebrate this form of multilingualism. The Committee heard that the Knowing each other’s languages can Department of Basic Education has The Chairperson of the Committee, Ms play a profound role in promoting provided the necessary support to Nomalungelo Gina, emphasised the understanding and developing social all the implementing schools. The importance of the content in the history cohesion.” support includes the provisioning curriculum. She said propaganda should of teachers, teacher orientation, be avoided. “It is important to know “We want to ensure that all learners provisioning of teaching and learning what history is going to be taught to learn at least one previously support materials, monitoring and learners. We need to be clear on the marginalised official African language support of the implementation of the content,” she said.

PARLIAMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA 25 Committee news Select Committee on Communications and Public Enterprises

Using science and technology to realise our developmental agenda

Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) The presented its performance agreement between the CSIR and the Minister of Science and Technology, Ms Naledi Pandor to the Select Committee on Communications and Public Enterprises, writes Abel Mputing.

The CSIR is a multidisciplinary in certain scientific and technological research and technological innovation areas and to attract investment to organisation set up to foster industrial conduct the cutting-edge research and scientific development, either by expected of us,” Dr Dlamini said. itself or in cooperation with principals from the private or public sectors. It The CSIR’s value relies on the must also perform any other functions development of a pool of PhD that may be assigned to the CSIR by candidates to improve the quality or under the CSIR Act. In this way, it of its research outputs and to find partnerships with government contributes to the improvement in new areas of research. “We have entities, such as educational the quality of life of the people of developed new patents from which institutions, state-owned companies South Africa. we derive royalties and licence and the private sector. He said the income. In this regard, we intend to CSIR has to date intervened to address Delivering the performance grow chief researchers, and to have the fragmentation of the health agreement, the CSIR’s Chief Executive a higher level of research outputs information system, which will help Officer, Dr Thulani Dlamini, said the that are relevant, much of which the department to migrate to the CSIR seeks to strengthen its research will be aligned with our industrial National Health Insurance. outputs to promote human capital development initiatives. development and to foster scientific According to Dr Dlamini, the CSIR and industrial development. “We “Our key performance indicator is to has developed a health normative utilise multidisciplinary research and create a balance between scientific standards framework for eHealth technological innovation to foster development in areas such as safety Interoperability and the Health Patient industrial and scientific development and security, health and energy, and Registration System. The system’s to contribute to the improvement of to support the government’s industrial framework was gazetted on 23 April the quality of life of the people of the agenda by working with state-owned 2014 and has now been implemented Republic of South Africa.” companies to develop flagships for in 1 859 clinics across the country, innovation,” he said. with 6.3 million patient registrations The CSIR lives up to this mandate recorded. by “harnessing our strategy to build Dr Dlamini told the Committee that strong capabilities and world leaders the CSIR seeks to leverage strategic He said the CSIR can also be credited

26 PARLIAMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA Committee news Select Committee on Communications and Public Enterprises Select Committee on Communications and Public Enterprises Committee news

CHANGE MAKER: The CSIR is charged with promoting scientific research to foster economic development.

with transforming the industries laterals with state-owned entities positions, and as a result we have that support the South African such as Transnet and Denel. He said been struggling to retain them. National Defence Force. “Through our with Transnet, the CSIR has developed Now we have a strategy in place to intervention, we have capacitated a trans-Africa locomotive, and a joint address that.” black-owned enterprises in this highly engineering centre for it is going to technologised sector to be suppliers to be established. “And together with Members of the Committee also the defence sector,” he said. Denel, we are looking at upgrading asked Dr Dlamini to give evidence of the Rooivalk [an attack helicopter the CSIR’s involvement on safety and Dr Dlamini said the CSIR has manufactured by Denel],” he said. security. The Committee was told that developed a technology for a water the CSIR is engaged with the South treatment project in Motetema in Asked by members of the Committee African Police Service (SAPS) in areas Limpopo, which he said is highly about the quality and quantity of such as crowd control and finger- efficient and easy to set up. “This African scientists developed with the printing. treatment plant uses a specific algae assistance of the CSIR, Dr Dlamini species, which has been isolated and replied: “We don’t have the actual The Chairperson of the Committee, cultured in a laboratory. Water is a figures now, but the transformation Ms Ellen Prins, wanted to know if scarce resource in this country and of this sector is one of our main the CSIR is involved in research on through technology, we can address agendas. I can assure the Members the prevalence of drought in South this challenge.” that 60% of our science, engineering Africa. Dr Dlamini replied: “We will and technology component is African. get expert advice in this regard, or The Committee heard that the CSIR We have not been able to facilitate see how we can intervene in this has a strategic relationship and bi- their progression into leadership worrisome matter.”

PARLIAMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA 27 Committee news PC on Public Service and Administration/Monitoring and Evaluation

Committee checks up on service delivery in Free State hospitals

frustrations of 60-year-old Zinane Salakufe, a patient at Pelonomi Tertiary Hospital in Free State, The symbolise the frustrations that many patients encounter at many public health centres in South Africa, writes Malatswa Molepo.

long wait: South Africans often spend many hours waiting for medical attention .

28 PARLIAMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA Committee news PC on Public Service and Administration/Monitoring and Evaluation PC on Public Service and Administration/Monitoring and Evaluation Committee news

Mr Salakufe spent a second full day Despite the intentions to do good, still improve the quality of service at Pelonomi Tertiary Hospital in order the regulations have had an offered to patients,” Dr Khoza said. to get the help he so desperately unintended impact in constraining The Committee also highlighted the needed for his frail body. “I came hospital management from delivering general intolerable environment here yesterday and saw a doctor, effective services, such as recruitment around the hospital that patients but was told I need to come back of staff even at an entry level. are subjected to when waiting for today to get medication. This treatment. is unfair and must change with “It is a general trend across hospitals urgency,” Mr Salakufe said. that management is unable to fill Despite many shortcomings, the critical positions, as this task is Committee praised the provincial The Portfolio Committee on Public controlled at provincial level. The administration for their efforts in Service and Administration/ unintended shortcoming is that ensuring availability of medication Monitoring and Evaluation undertook hospitals can’t hire specialists as the at all hospitals in the province. a week-long oversight visit to process normally takes in excess “We were informed that medication the Free State Province to assess of three months,” said Dr Makhosi availability is at 96% in hospitals. frontline services delivery. Khoza, the Chairperson of the This must be welcomed, as it means Committee. people will not struggle with access The Pelonomi Tertiary Hospital was to medication,” Dr Khoza said. one of the health centres visited by To resolve the impasse, the the Committee during its oversight Committee has suggested that The Committee raised its concerns week programme and they were the Free State Provincial Health with the quality of information shocked by the awful smell patients Department, the Office of the provided by the Public Service like Mr Salakufe are subjected to for Premier and their national Commission (PSC), which the long hours while waiting for a doctor counterparts find workable solutions Committee felt undermined at the hospital. to the impediments brought the ability of the Committee to about by legislation and regulation do proper oversight work. “We The repugnant stench at the main on service delivery. “It is unfair drafted the programme based on waiting area of the Pelonomi raised to expect frontline staff at hospitals recommendations from the PSC. the ire of the Committee. The to function at an optimum while As a result, we planned to visit the Committee questioned why the regulations often create an Universitas Academic Hospital, but hospital’s management team are insurmountable challenge,” when we got there patients told us stationed in a well-ventilated and Dr Khoza said. that real problems are at Pelonomi clean part of the hospital precinct and other regional healthcare while patients are subjected to the Despite the challenges caused by the facilities. This is the information we smell at the waiting area, which regulations, the Committee raised its should have received from the PSC apparently emanates from faulty concerns with the quality of services and unfortunately we didn’t,” Dr plumbing infrastructure. patients receive at Pelonomi Hospital. Khoza lamented. The patients highlighted that average As a result of previous oversight waiting hours at the hospital remain The Committee hopes that when visits undertaken by the Committee excessively high, in some cases it returns to do a follow-up, all the in Limpopo and Mpumalanga, the extending to over six hours. challenges raised will have been Committee realised that Treasury resolved and that patients will be regulations for the government “While we recognise the regulatory treated with the best possible care at departments issued in terms of the impediments that have contributed Pelonomi. The Committee reiterates Public Finance Management Act have to creating an environment not its stance that the people of this had a negative impact on service conducive for service delivery, country deserve quality healthcare delivery at regional hospitals across the Committee remains convinced and this must be promoted at all the country. that public servants in hospital can times.

PARLIAMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA 29 Committee news Portfolio Committee on Justice and Correctional Services

We deserve education and skills development - inmates

oversight visits to correctional centres in the Eastern During Cape and Gauteng provinces to access the conditions of offenders and the state of correctional centres, Members of the Portfolio Committee on Justice and Correctional Services observed that education and skills development in prisons are crucial for the successful rehabilitation of offenders, writes Sakhile Mokoena.

As part of its oversight programme, He said with skills and education, the the Committee visited the East London offenders will be able to contribute Correctional Centre (female section) to their communities and produce and Port Elizabeth’s St Albans Prison in commodities that are demanded by the Eastern Cape and the Johannesburg the market when they are released. Correctional Centre and Kgosi Mampuru Correctional Centre in Gauteng. The Committee interacted with inmates and listened to their stories, Members of the Committee believe with the majority of them asking for that education will help offenders education and skills development reintegrate into their communities programmes. “We allocate more An inmate at St Albans told the once they have completed their funds into incarceration and not Committee that he would love to sentences. “People without education much into correction and I would study and participate in recreational and skills are not easy to fit into society, suggest we increase the budget and activities to get his mind from the Committee member Prof Themba the number of officials involved in same old wrongdoings that got him Msimang said during the visit at the education and skills development into prison in the first place. East London Correctional Centre. in our correctional centres,” added another Committee member, Adv “I want to go to school, so that I At that correctional centre for female Loyiso Mpumlwana. can have a second chance when I’m offenders, inmates complained outside. But currently we just sit here about the lack of opportunity to Incarcerated offenders at St Albans all day with nothing to do. This is not practise their acquired skills in the Prison and Johannesburg Correctional rehabilitation. The criminal thoughts facility. “We appeal that they be Centre shared similar concerns will not go away,” he said. given that opportunity. It would be about the lack of education, skills fulfilling when people who leave the development and recreation facilities. Another inmate who has been at facility are welcomed into society They said these things will help their the Johannesburg Correctional Centre with something to offer, and do not rehabilitation and allow them to for 17 years was also worried that become repeat offenders,” said Prof reintegrate into their communities the lack of education and skills Msimang. more easily on their release. development programmes in the

30 PARLIAMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA Committee news Portfolio Committee on Justice and Correctional Services Portfolio Committee on Justice and Correctional Services Committee news

centre was making a mockery of for skills development for inmates. She you to study so that when you go back the whole notion of prisons being called on the Department of Correctional to your communities, you will be useful correctional and rehabilitation centres. Services to provide opportunities for the to society and do not become repeat offenders to hone their newly acquired offenders. We want you to be skilled and “My main worry is the non-availability skills. educated so you can become active and of education and skills training productive citizens. Most of you are still programmes in this facility. No “Practice makes perfect. Part of the young. The country needs you. We hope rehabilitation, yet we are expected to acquired skills can be applied in the and trust that you will take advantage of earn a living when we get out. How facilities in areas like maintenance and being here and correct the wrongs that will we do that without education food production, and in that way make you did.” and skills?” he asked. He added that the process of keeping inmates cost- most inmates were involved in drugs effective. Utilise the skills to benefit the He told the offenders that the because they had nothing to do. “There same people,” said Ms Pilane-Majake. Committee will do everything in its are no activities, no rehabilitation. We power to engage the Department of are brewing criminals here,” said the The Chairperson of the Portfolio Correctional Services to ensure that inmate. Committee, Dr Mathole Motshekga, said incarcerated offenders received skills skills are a very important commodity and education for their successful Committee member, Ms Chana Pilane- for self-development and the rehabilitation and also realise the Majake, said she supported the need development of the country. “We want objectives of Correctional Services.

PARLIAMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA 31 OUR SOUTH AFRICA – THE SUN The sun heals the divisions of the past, improves the quality of life of all South Africans, frees the potential of each person and builds a united and democratic South Africa, taking its rightful place as a sovereign state in the family of nations.

OUR PEOPLE – THE PROTEA LEAVES Our people, building on the foundation of a democratic and open society, freely elect representatives, acting as a voice of the people and providing a national forum for public consideration of issues.

OUR PARLIAMENT – THE DRUM The drum calls the people’s Parliament, the National Assembly and the National Council of Provinces, to consider national and provincial issues, ensuring government by the people under the Constitution.

OUR CONSTITUTION – THE BOOK Our Constitution lays the foundation for a democratic and open society based on democratic values, social justice and fundamental human rights. It is the supreme law of our country, and ensures government by the people.

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