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Table of Contents Universidad Europea de Madrid Facultad de Artes y Comunicación Departamento de Periodismo y Comunicación Intercultural An Approach to the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transsexual and Transgender Terminology Field (LGBT) Directed by Professor Gala Arias Final degree project Mónica GUTIÉRREZ DE LA HOZ 2011/2012 1 2 Universidad Europea de Madrid Facultad de Artes y Comunicación Departamento de Periodismo y Comunicación Intercultural An Approach to the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transsexual and Transgender Terminology Field (LGBT) Directed by Professor Gala Arias Final degree project Mónica GUTIÉRREZ DE LA HOZ 2011/2012 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my gratitude to all those who gave me the possibility to complete this dissertation. First of all, I am grateful to the Terminology Coordination Unit team at the European Parliament in Luxembourg, but specially to Rodolfo Maslias, a great boss but better friend and colleague. I have furthermore to thank all my colleagues, the trainees at the Terminology Unit, in particular to Angelo Circo, Katie Jefferys and Katja Schmitz. Their help with the terms and the English corrections was fundamental to me. Sincere thanks to Johanna, for being next door during all these months in Luxembourg and also for her faithful friendship. I am particularly grateful to Joaquin Álvarez de la Roza, for his attention, kindness and dedication in the pleasant and interesting interview that we recorded together. I also thank him for the huge effort that he is making day by day with his tutorials. Many thanks to Ángel García and Arturo Sánchez from COGAM. I also appreciate a lot the work that they do every single day and I thank them for the interesting interview that we had. Furthermore, I would like to give my special thanks to Carlos, whose patient love and dedication enabled me to complete this hard work without problems. Thanks dear, for supporting me and being there through thick and thin. Of course, I am deeply indebted to my parents for all their help, their interest and their undivided support, not only with this project, but during all these years and the coming years. And last but not least, I thank to supervisor Gala Arias who, although we were far away during ten months, always helped me and read every single paragraph that I wrote. I thank her for all the new ideas, the corrections that she made and also for guiding me throughout the difficult task of writing this dissertation. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 4 TABLE OF FIGURES 6 PROJECT OVERVIEW 8 1. INTRODUCTION 9 1.1 Lesbians 9 1.2 Gays 13 1.3 Bisexuals 17 1.4 Transsexual and Transgender 20 1.5 International and National Organizations 23 1.6 Comparative Overview on the Rights of Homosexuals 27 1.6.1 Spain, England, Germany and Italy 28 1.7 Gay Pride Day around the World 32 1.8 Other outstanding days for LGBT 33 1.11 An Approach to the LGBT World Within Spain 34 1.11.1 Interview with COGAM 34 2. METHODOLOGY 41 2.1 Choice of the topic 41 2.2 Information compilation 42 3. QUADRILINGUAL GLOSSARY 45 4. DIFFICULTIES 63 5. CONCLUSION 64 6. BIBLIOGRAPHY 65 6.1 List of Terms Sources 65 English Sources...............................................65 Spanish Sources...............................................72 German Sources..............................................80 Italian Sources..............................................87 6.2 Bibliography 95 Quotation sources.................................................................95 Reference sources...........................................................102 5 TABLE OF FIGURES Figure 1: Police force people back outside the Stonewall Inn as tensions escalate the morning of June 28, 1969 (Source: Joseph Ambrosini, the New York Daily News) ... 14 Figure 2: Picture from the Stonewall riots (Source: Advocate magazine, 12th November 2002) ........................................................................................................... 14 Figure 3: Divine, starring the film “Pink Flamingos” (Source: The New York Times, December 9th, 2006) .................................................................................................... 15 Figure 4: Harvey Milk, during a demonstration in defence of gay rights in 1978, San Francisco. (Source: Associated Press) ....................................................................... 16 Figure 5: Pink and blue triangles representing the bisexuality through the purple colour in the middle. (Source: Símbolos LGBT, La Culta FELGBT webpage) ........... 17 Figure 6: The bisexuality flag created in 1998 by Michael Page ................................ 18 Figure 7: BECAUSE logo (Source: official website <http://www.becauseconference.org/>) ...................................................................... 19 Figure 8: Brochure about the day against homophobia and transphobia(Source: European Parliament, Information Office Spain - Paseo de la Castellana, 46. Madrid) ...................................................................................................................................... 21 Figure 9: Christine Jorgensen, before and after. (Source: Spanish ILGA official webpage: Zona Trans , personajes. <http://trans_esp.ilga.org/>) ............................ 22 Figure 10: Carla Antonelli (Source: Gorka Legarcegi, digital interviews,"El País" official website) ............................................................................................................ 22 Figure 11: Olvido Gara, Alaska. (Source: 12/06/2000, digital interviews, "El País" official website) ............................................................................................................ 23 Figure 12: Kim Petras, 2007. (Source: Kim Petras Official Website) ........................ 23 Figure 13: Spanish comic about homosexuality (Source: Crismhom official webpage) ...................................................................................................................................... 24 Figure 14: Logo from the LGBT .................................................................................. 25 Figure 15: Campaign for Homosexual Equality Logo (Source: CHE official website) ...................................................................................................................................... 25 Figure 16: HUK logo (Source: HUK official website) ................................................ 26 Figure 17: Arcigay Flag (Source: Arcigay official website) ....................................... 26 6 Figure 18: Map featuring homosexual marriage and substitutes to marriages world- wide (Source: ILGA official website <http://ilga.org/ilga/en/index.html>) ................ 29 Figure 19: Map featuring adoption by couples world-wide (Source: ILGA official website <http://ilga.org/ilga/en/index.html>) ............................................................. 29 Figure 20: Map featuring where transgenderism is classified or not as an illness world-wide (Source: ILGA official website <http://ilga.org/ilga/en/index.html>) ..... 30 Figure 21: Gay Pride March in Madrid, Spain (Source: Alberto Di Lloli, El Mundo Digital Newspaper, 5th July 2009) .............................................................................. 32 Figure 22: Entrance to COGAM headquarters. Located in Madrid (Source: COGAM webpage) ...................................................................................................................... 34 Figure 23: Entender en Positivo logo (Source: COGAM webpage) ........................... 37 Figure 24: Map featuring countries where homosexuality is legal or illegal (Source: ILGA official webpage) ................................................................................................ 39 Figure 25: Certificate from the DG TRAD - Terminology Coordination Unit from the European Parliament (Luxembourg). Head of Unit: Rodolfo Maslias ....................... 43 Figure 26: Certificate from the DG TRAD - Terminology Coordination Unit from the European Parliament (Luxembourg). Head of Unit: Rodolfo Maslias ....................... 44 7 PROJECT OVERVIEW The sexual orientation has been always a trending topic due to the huge disparity between opinions, beyond cultures and frontiers. LGBT community fights for its rights every day, in every country. Nevertheless, there is still very much to understand, many things to explain and, of course, many sexualities to discover. An Approach to the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transsexual and Transgender Terminology Field tries to show how LGBT reality is, in a cautious way and always looking for normalization. Therefore, on these pages, I will focus on the LGBT rights and I will talk deeply about each community and the international and national organizations that support them. Moreover, I interviewed people who are specialized in the issue. Along the whole dissertation, we will notice that I focussed mainly on four countries: Spain, England, Germany and Italy. The reason why is quite simple: Spanish, English, German and Italian are my main working languages. Thus, my glossary is also presented in the four languages, featuring reliable sources for each term. On the introduction, I also wanted to include a comparative overview on their rights for the four countries, so we will be able to see the degree of acceptance that each country has regarding the legal issues for LGBT people. In addition to all this, I thought it would be relevant as well to include some celebrations that take place all around the world, such as the gay pride day, and some important
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