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TİTREK KAVAK (Populus Tremula L.) TOPLULUKLARININ EKOLOJİK ÖZELLİKLERİ Ile TOHUM TRANSFERİ Ve AĞAÇLANDIRMA AÇISINDAN BÖLGELERE AYRILMASI

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TİTREK KAVAK (Populus Tremula L.) TOPLULUKLARININ EKOLOJİK ÖZELLİKLERİ Ile TOHUM TRANSFERİ Ve AĞAÇLANDIRMA AÇISINDAN BÖLGELERE AYRILMASI Müdürlük Yayın No: 274 Çeşitli Yayınlar Serisi No: 29 T.C. ORMAN GENEL MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ TİTREK KAVAK (Populus tremula L.) TOPLULUKLARININ EKOLOJİK ÖZELLİKLERİ ile TOHUM TRANSFERİ ve AĞAÇLANDIRMA AÇISINDAN BÖLGELERE AYRILMASI THE ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES of ASPEN (Populus tremula L.) COMMUNITIES and THEIR REGIONING IN TERMS OF SEED TRANSFER and REFORESTATION/AFFORESTATION Prof. Dr. İBRAHİM ATALAY Karabük Üniversitesi Coğrafya Bölümü Department of Geography, Karabük University KAVAK ve HIZLI GELİŞEN ORMAN AĞAÇLARI ARAŞTIRMA ENSTİTÜSÜ MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ POPLAR AND FAST GROWİNG TREES FOREST RESEARCH INSTITUTE KOCAELİ - 2019 YAYINLAYAN Kavak ve Hızlı Gelişen Orman Ağaçları Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü P.K. 93 41001 KOCAELİ Published by Poplar ans Growing Forest Trees Research Institute P.O. Box: 93 41001 KOCAELİ e-mail: [email protected] [email protected] URL: http://www.kavakcilik.ogm.gov.tr ISBN: Tel: 0262 3121135-3121136 Faks: 0262 3121137 Müdürlük Yayın No: 274 ISBN: TİTREK KAVAK (Populus tremula L.) TOPLULUKLARININ EKOLOJİK ÖZELLİKLERİ ile TOHUM TRANSFERİ ve AĞAÇLANDIRMA AÇISINDAN BÖLGELERE AYRILMASI THE ECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES of ASPEN (Populus tremula L.) COMMUNITIES and THEIR REGIONING IN TERMS OF SEED TRANSFER and REFORESTATION/AFFORESTATION Prof. Honoris Causa (h. c.) Prof. Dr. İBRAHİM ATALAY Karabük Üniversitesi Coğrafya Bölümü Department of Geography, Karabük University ÇEŞİTLİ YAYINLAR SERİSİ NO: 29 KAVAK ve HIZLI GELİŞEN ORMAN AĞAÇLARI ARAŞTIRMA ENSTİTÜSÜ MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ POPLAR AND FAST GROWİNG TREES FOREST RESEARCH INSTITUTE KOCAELİ - 2019 i ©Kavak ve Hızlı Gelişen Orman Ağaçları Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü Bu kitabı, ülkemiz ormancılığına katkı yapan tüm akademisyen, teknik elemanlar ve diğer çalışanlara, ülkemiz için şehit düşenler ile gazilere ithaf ediyorum. Dizgi/Tasarım: İbrahim ATALAY Fotoğraflar: İbrahim ATALAY Şekiller: İbrahim ATALAY Harita yapımı: İbrahim ATALAY Harita çizimi: H. Arzu Gökçe GÜNDÜZOĞLU Ön Kapak/Arka Kapak Foto: İbrahim ATALAY ii ÖNSÖZ “Titrek Kavak Topluluklarının Ekolojisi ile Tohum Transferi ve Ağaçlandırma Açısından Bölgelere Ayrılması” adlı araştırma, İzmit Kavakçılık ve Hızlı Gelişen Türler Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü’nün talebi, özellikle Enstitü Müdürü Ercan VELİOĞLU’nun isteği üzerine 2016-2018 yılları arasında bir araştırma projesi olarak hazırlanmıştır. Saha çalışmaları sırasında Titrek kavağın her ne kadar ormanların tahrip edildiği sahaya gelen öncü bir tür olması ve hızla yayılması yanında özellikle Kuzeydoğu ve İç Anadolu gibi yarıkurak-yarınemli alanlarda ağaçlandırma için önemli bir potansiyel arz ettiği anlaşılmıştır. Bilhassa Yukarı Harşit (Gümüşhane), Oltu ve Tortum havzalarını kapsayan Yukarı Çoruh havzası, Kızılırmak’ın doğu kolu olan Yukarı Kelkit havzasının özellikle Şebinkarahisar-Alurca-Şiran dolayları, Erciyes dağı ve Sivas çevresinde hızla yayılma göstermesi nedeniyle ağaçlandırmada önemli yer tutacağı kanaatine varılmıştır. Bunun için Kayseri Orman Bölge Müdürlüğü’nce Erciyes Dağı çevresinde Titrek Kavakla yapılacak ağaçlandırmaya yönelik bir araştırma da başlatılmıştır. Araştırma süresince candan ilgi ve desteklerini gördüğüm Enstitü Müdürü Ercan VELİOĞLU’ na teşekkürlerimi sunarım. Ayrıca arazi çalışmalarıma katılarak araştırmaya destek veren Kayseri Orman Bölge Müdürlüğü’nden Hüseyin Kozan, Özdal Yağan, Sivas Fidanlık ve Orman İşletme Müdürü Sefa Duman, Denizli Orman Bölge Müdürü Mustafa Korucu ile Rasim Çetiner, Demirköy Orman İşletme Müdürlüğü’nden Aslan Akarsu, Elazığ Orman Bölge Müdürlüğü’nden Akar Pınar, Gümüşhane Orman İşletme Müdürlüğü’nden İ. Sabri İnce, Demirci Orman İşletme Müdürlüğü’nden Muhammed Zorkun, Gördes Orman İşletme Müdürlüğünden Orman Muhafaza Memuru Sadık Elver, Geyve Orman İşletme Müdürlüğü’nden Berrin Özer, Ziraat Mühendisi Hülya Tamyüksel ile Akdeniz Üniversitesi Toprak Bölümü öğretim üyesi Dr. Sevda Altunbaş’a teşekkürü yerine getirilmesi gereken bir görev olarak addederim. Kastamonu çevresindeki arazi çalışmalarımda sürekli yanımda olan Kastamonu Orman Bölge Müdürlüğü’nden Sadi Acaroğlu’na ve isimlerini sayamadığım diğer ormancı meslektaşlarıma ve arazi gezilerimde mesai saati dışında da canla başla araba kullanan şoförlere re şükranlarımı sunarım. Gözden kaçan hatalarımızdan dolayı okurların hoş görüsüne sığınır, her türlü eleştiriyi bekler, araştırmanın ormancılığımıza yararlı olmasını candan dilerim. Prof. Dr. İbrahim ATALAY iii İÇİNDEKİLER ÖNSÖZ ................................................................................................................. iii FOTOGRAF LİSTESİ / LIST of PHOTOS ..................................................................... 1 TİTREK KAVAK YAYILIŞ ALANLARI/ ASPEN OCCURRENCE AREAS ............................. 1 HARŞİT ve KELKİT HAVZALARI / HARŞİT and KELKİT BASINS .................................... 1 KUZEYDOĞU ANADOLU YUKARI TORTUM, NARMAN-OLTU HAVZALARI ve HORASAN-SARIKAMIŞ ARASI/ UPPER BASINS OF TORTUM, NARMAR-OLTU and BETWEEN HORASAN and SARIKAMIŞ TOWNS in NE ANATOLIA .............................. 2 ANA MATERYAL ve TOPRAK/ PARENT MATERIAL and SOIL..................................... 2 İÇ ANADOLU ve ERCİYES DAĞI / CENTRAL ANATOLIA and ERCİYES MOUNTAIN ...... 4 DİĞER BÖLGELER/OTHER REGIONS ........................................................................ 5 TİTREK KAVAĞIN VEJETASYON BİLEŞİMİ/VEGETATION COMPOSITION OF ASPEN ... 7 ŞEKİLLERİN LİSTESİ / LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................... 8 ÖZET ..................................................................................................................... 9 1. Karadeniz Ardı ve Kuzeydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi ............................................. 10 1.1. Yukarı Harşit Havzası, ............................................................................ 10 1.2. Yukarı Oltu-Narman ve Tortum havzaları,.............................................. 10 1.3. Köprüköy-Sarıkamış arası, ..................................................................... 10 1.4. Yukarı Serçeme-Ovacık Havzası ............................................................. 10 2. Yukarı Kelkit Havzası. ................................................................................... 10 3. İç Anadolu Bölgesi. ...................................................................................... 10 3.1. Erciyes Dağı, ......................................................................................... 10 3.2. Yukarı Kızılırmak havzası ....................................................................... 10 4. Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi. ................................................................................. 10 4.1. Bingöl-Çukurca, ..................................................................................... 10 4.2. Tunceli- ................................................................................................. 10 TİTREK KAVAK HAKKINDA GENEL BİLGİLER .......................................................... 11 ARAŞTIRMANIN KONUSU, AMACI, METOT ve MATERYAL İLE LİTERATÜR ÖZETİ ... 14 iv Araştırmanın Konusu ve Amacı ............................................................................ 14 Metot ve Materyal .............................................................................................. 14 Literatür Özeti ..................................................................................................... 15 TİTREK KAVAĞIN GENEL YAYILIŞ ALANLARI VE ÖZELLİKLERİ ................................. 21 1. Yukarı Harşit Havzası ................................................................................... 21 2. Oltu-Narman ve Tortum Havzalarının Üst Bölümü ....................................... 22 3. Köprüköyü Havzasının Yukarı Bölümü .......................................................... 23 4. Kelkit Çayı Yukarı Havzası ............................................................................. 23 5. Serçeme (Erzurum) Deresinin Yukarı Havzası ile Ovacık Köyü Arası .............. 24 6. Erciyes Dağı ................................................................................................. 24 7. Yukarı Kızılırmak Havzası .............................................................................. 25 8. Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi .................................................................................. 25 9. Diğer Titrek Kavak Yayılış Sahaları ................................................................ 26 9.1. Akdeniz Bölgesi ..................................................................................... 26 9.2. İçbatı Anadolu....................................................................................... 27 9.3. İç Anadolu............................................................................................. 28 9.4. Karadeniz Bölgesi .................................................................................. 28 TİTREK KAVAĞIN GENEL EKOLOJİK ÖZELLİKLERİ ................................................... 31 1. İKLİM ........................................................................................................... 31 2. TOPOGRAFYA .............................................................................................. 36 3. ANA MATERYAL VE TOPRAK ......................................................................... 38 4. VEJETASYON BİLEŞİMİ .................................................................................. 42 5. İNSAN FAKTÖRÜ .......................................................................................... 43 TİTREK KAVAKLARIN TOHUM TRANSFERİ VE AĞAÇLANDIRMA AÇISINDAN BÖLGELERE AYRILMASI .......................................................................................
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