Suffolk Preservation Society | Suffolk View | Winter 2015 | no 126 County Courier newsSuffolk and issue from the districts, amenity View societies and members The publication of the Suffolk Preservation Society Registered Charity No. 1154806 Issue No:126 Winter 2015

• Neighbourhood Plans are key for communities • Firing off the planning bullets • Heritage Matters – brick chimneys in context • Roll up, roll up – exciting events for 2016

1 Suffolk Preservation Society | Suffolk View | Winter 2015 | no 126 Contents

Foreword SPS Director, Fiona Cairns, writes 3 Comment SPS Chairman, Andrew Fane, writes 4 Neighbourhood Plans Empower Communities empower communities to fi ght onshore wind turbines 5 Planning Conservation & Heritage Overview Update and comment 6 County Courier News from districts, amenity societies and members 9 From the News-stand Copy and comment 12 Heritage Matters 14 The Brick Chimney – brickmaker, Peter Minter, gives his perspective The Brick Business – problems with planning and conservation solutions 16 Roofs: roof details and secret leadwork 18 Traditional building skills & building conservation courses and lectures 20 Book Review: Quotes of the Issue: Welcome to Peter Dawson, new planner 21 Membership: Obituary – Jane Allen 22 SPS Events Review 23 Diary Dates 25 Market Place: Directory 27

Darsham House - all set for members tea

Offi ces Patron The Countess of Euston © 2015 SPS. All rights reserved. Little Hall, Market Place, President The Lord Marlesford DL Printed by Lavenham Press Lavenham, Sudbury, Suffolk Chairman Andrew Fane The views expressed in Suffolk View are those of the CO10 9QZ individual authors, and do not necessarily refl ect the Director Fiona Cairns, MRTPI IHBC Telephone 01787 247179 position of the SPS Honorary treasurer Patrick Corney, FCA Fax 01787 248341 For editorial matters, queries and Cover photographs: Email [email protected] submissions contact the Editor Front: Thorington Hall Website www.suffolksociety.org Linda Clapham at Little Hall Back: Thorington Street Watermill

Founded in 1929, the SPS Charitable Incorporated Organisation Number 1154806 is working to safeguard the buildings and Acting as the landscape of Suffolk. County Branch of CPRE Suffolk Preservation Society | Suffolk View | Winter 2015 | no 126 Foreword SPS Director, Fiona Cairns, writes

Review of the year positive Our first SPS CIO Annual General Meeting was held at the Guildhall in Lavenham in June and was very well supported by both our old and new friends – the end of another full and effective financial year – and we firmly established the new CIO’s working arrangements. Our President Lord Marlesford thanked the former SPS Patron, Lord Tollemache, who had retired as Lord Lieutenant of Suffolk for his wonderful service. In accordance with the CIO’s Constitution an approach had been made to the newly appointed incumbent, Clare, the Countess of The importance of Events Finally, a big thank you Euston, who had kindly agreed to serve The enjoyable events at Somerleyton to the many supporters whose generous and we welcome her support. In a Hall and Darsham House are reviewed on review of our planning casework over response to our Appeal will bring in page 24. Forthcoming events, on pages our first year I was delighted to report over £100,000 during the period 2014- 25 and 26, will include our Spring lecture that we could demonstrate a positive 19. The Board of Trustees will use at Sibton Park with James Bettley, author outcome for the heritage and landscape this money to support the mission of of the revised edition of Suffolk Pevsner, qualities of our County in two-thirds of the SPS CIO which is not to freeze the cases to which we responded. a visit to Letheringham Lodge, a unique development, but to strive to ensure example of a sixteenth century hunting that where development is necessary, it lodge in East Anglia, and an opportunity Challenging input crucial is proportionate, in the right place and to have a guided visit to the gardens at In July, Amber Rudd, the Secretary in keeping with the Suffolk landscape of State for Energy announced her Heveningham Hall by Kim Wilkie, one of the UK’s finest landscape architects. Our and the best of Suffolk’s built heritage. decision to grant the gas-fired peaking Specifically the funds will allow us to plant at Eye (see last issue of Suffolk Autumn lecture by Dr. Sarah Pearson is View), but responded to the concern focussing on the gentrification of Bury ■ expand our planning professionals’ of the community and permitted the St. Edmunds. All these ‘not to be missed’ significantly smaller and less harmful events contribute to our funds and give resources and, therefore, the number electrical connection in open countryside. the opportunity for members, both new and depth of representations they It is 60 per cent smaller than the scheme and established, to meet together. can make on planning applications, requested by the developers and the and National Grid (NGET) and will be More professional support ■ broaden the network of accredited enclosed within an agricultural style I am particularly pleased to report that urban and environmental designers, building, significantly minimising the as a result of the successful fundraising and the archaeological expertise visual and physical impacts on both campaign the SPS has secured the we can draw on, so that our the historic landscape and numerous services of Peter Dawson, a landscape representations are even more designated heritage assets. We are proud architect and urban designer from effective. to have supported the local campaigners Place Services, see page 21. Peter will complement our existing professional in their fight and are satisfied that the SPS As you know the pendulum between played a significant role in ameliorating skills and bring additional value to our liberating economic/ house building the very harmful effects of this industrial representations. He will be working with development and careful conservation/ development on an important historic us on a consultancy basis and will add protection has swung decisively towards part of our county, see the Chairman’s both professional capacity and high-level report in Planning Conservation and expertise, as well as help us in supporting the former so the need for a professional Heritage Overview at page 7. the planning authorities in Suffolk, and balanced judgement between the two We also look at the implications (many of which do not employ officers makes the SPS’s work ever more demanding. of recent policy changes to onshore with these relevant skills) as we seek Good planning outcomes are our legacy windfarms and the significance of to improve design standards across the to Suffolk and we all continue to work Neighbourhood Plans, page 5. County. hard to achieve this aim.

3 Suffolk Preservation Society | Suffolk View | Winter 2015 | no 126 Comment SPS Chairman, Andrew Fane,writes

Professionalism key determinant It is an old saying that to get a message across you just have to keep on repeating it. Well at the risk of becoming boring I am happy to repeat that the focus of the Trustees’ work at the SPS CIO in this last fi nancial year has been professionalism. We see the level of skill that we apply to our job of striving to protect the best of Suffolk as being the key determinant in our effectiveness.

Firstly this comes through the work of our Director, Fiona Cairns, her them complies with the law, policy ‘dismissed’ Appeals where the Planning qualifi ed planning colleague Bethany and best practice. Where they get that Inspector has noted that it is only SPS Philbedge and landscape architect and wrong they lay themselves open to and not the planning offi cers who have urban designer Peter Dawson. I urge Appeal or even to legal challenge in the brought these material considerations you to look at our website from time courts. to mind. to time www.suffolksociety.org to see the sheer quality of the letters that the Failing to fi re the bullets The need to work together SPS offi ce produces as representations What is vital is that planning offi cers lay So my Comment in this Issue of on planning applications. They before the committee, or themselves Suffolk View is not just focused on our demonstrate more eloquently than I can where they are deciding under members and supporters who expect describe the level of expertise we are delegated powers, these facts of the us to do our job to a fi rst class standard, applying. law and best practice. If they fail to it is to those professionals in the world do that they are, in effect, failing to of planning in the county who we invite Fact, not opinion fi re the bullets in their armoury and to make better use of our advice. We There is a tendency sometimes they expose themselves to very weak have mutual objectives, to raise the expressed by planning offi cers and defences if challenged on Appeal, or standard of design and work to protect even chairs of planning committees Judicial Review. What is the point the special landscapes and heritage in the county that because SPS is in having that armoury if they fail of Suffolk. SPS seeks to work with not a statutory consultee then our to use it? Where the SPS makes a planning authorities and to achieve the letters are “only opinion” and may representation on major or other best outcomes, and often more tellingly, be disregarded. You will even see signifi cant planning applications, it to uphold those decisions when this view expressed in the minutes of seeks to highlight some of the critical subjected to subsequent challenge. some planning committee meetings. factors that the law and national Yet a quick analysis of any one of our planning policy obliges planning letters will show that far from it laying offi cers and the planning committees Generous support out opinions, it lays out all the really to take into account. The SPS employs And I must close with a brief paragraph material planning considerations that planning professionals with a broad of thanks to the very generous good should weigh with the committee and range of expertise including the people of Suffolk who have risen so with the offi cers. It will set out clearly historic environment, rural housing splendidly to our recent fundraising the statutory framework with references policy, landscape architecture and appeal and have, in a matter of months, to key sections of current law. It will set urban design, skills too often lacking brought in over £100,000 already to out precedent, local planning policies, in many planning departments. So SPS the coffers of SPS. We pledge to those government guidance, accepted best is seeking to help the planning system people who “get” what SPS is doing practice and even current and recent to discharge its duties and functions that we will use your generosity wisely ministerial pronouncements. properly and professionally. It is, and thoughtfully in extending and None of that is opinion – that is therefore, a great frustration when this enhancing the quality of work we do absolute fact. advice, which costs them nothing at all, to continue to defend the very best of Where the opinion comes in is, of is not more prominently acknowledged Suffolk. course, for the planning committee to and given due consideration, judge whether the application before particularly in view of recent Thank you all for your support.

4 Suffolk Preservation Society | Suffolk View | Winter 2015 | no 126 Neighbourhood Plans empower communities

Highly politicised test – that planning impacts were fully Despite being one of the cheapest and addressed – was met. But how do you greenest of the renewables, onshore judge whether such impacts have wind is a hugely controversial area been fully addressed? Do you need to of planning. It can be very harmful in demonstrate that all local opposition terms of landscape and visual impact has been totally eliminated? Four times by virtue of the scale and animated this month, Clark has turned down qualities of the turbines. Wind farms wind schemes citing their failure to have been highly politicised as a result comply with new rules requiring them and our current government made to have community backing among strong commitments in its pre-election his reasons for refusal. His recent manifesto to address this issue. decision on an application to build four wind turbines to the north-east Two new planning tests of Peterborough suggests that he does In June 2015 national planning not agree that local authority approval guidance introduced two new local of a scheme is enough to demonstrate Neighbourhood Plans authority tests to determine whether community backing. The council had The SPS is aware of 24 Neighbourhood to permit wind projects. If a council resolved to approve the scheme, yet Plans in Suffolk in various stages of wants to grant permission for a wind Clark rejected the application, saying gestation, with Rendlesham already project involving one or more turbines, he was “not satisfi ed that the planning having reached the fi nishing post with it must be sited in an area “identifi ed impacts identifi ed by affected local an adopted plan. Others including as suitable for wind energy in a local or communities have been addressed”, Lavenham, Framlingham and Needham neighbourhood plan” and permission citing the fact that “several members Market are well advanced and currently may only be granted if the “planning of the affected communities have at the pre-inspection consultation stage. impacts identifi ed by affected communities repeated the concerns which they While this is a promising start, it really have been fully addressed and therefore the expressed previously about the refl ects only the tip of the iceberg. proposal has their backing”. planning impacts of the scheme”. Local There are over 420 towns and parish In a written statement, Communities’ authority approval was not adequate councils in Suffolk and it is vital that Secretary, Greg Clark, said that far more communities grasp the nettle whether a proposal had the backing to demonstrate community backing, because “several” objectors still and put in place a policy framework if of a community will be a matter of they are to adequately manage their planning judgement for councils, adding remained. The new guidance refl ects a environment from harmful threats to “transitional provision” would cover their residential and visual amenity. outstanding applications in areas where commitment made in the Conservative Too many communities are unprepared a development plan had not identifi ed election manifesto to “end any new for the ever increasing pressures of suitable sites. In such cases, proposals public subsidy for onshore wind farms development. Get prepared. Get a could be found acceptable if the second and change the law so that local people have the fi nal say on applications.” Neighbourhood Plan! This all seems very encouraging to Stop press: the Secretary of State has refused outline those communities who face a possible planning permission for a residential development threat of onshore wind turbines. of up to 80 dwellings on grassland on the edge of However, it still places the onus on a Northamptonshire village, as it would have a detrimental effect on the form and setting of the those communities to arm themselves village and undermine an emerging neighbourhood properly by the preparation of a development plan. Neighbourhood Plan, which amongst other things, should set out where such developments may or may not be possible in their patch. Only in this way do they defend themselves robustly against unwanted wind farms in the future.

5 Suffolk Preservation Society | Suffolk View | Winter 2015 | no 126 Planning, Conservation and Heritage Overview Update and comment

Housing – brownfield first Where to build the new housing required in Suffolk (over 50,000 new homes by 2030) continues to be a major focus for local authorities and for SPS. In July the Government announced plans to relax planning controls to grant automatic planning permission for some brownfield sites in order to speed up the delivery of housing which it sees as being constrained by Gislingham Parish Church – 40 new homes within its setting planned the planning system. We are yet to learn the details of this, and whether Our objection was welcomed by would further affect the viability of this will apply to all or some of the Long Melford Parish Council which this brownfield site: we have cited brownfield land in Suffolk, but critics was concerned about a significant this as a reason to dismiss these warn that this is too broad-brush increase in vehicles accessing the Appeals in our letters to the Planning an approach and goes against the High Street from narrow side road Inspector. principle of ‘localism’. entrances. Although we understand We are inclined to agree. In theory the considerable pressure to allocate Let’s improve the vision Suffolk’s brownfield sites should be land for housing, an alternative use Most often, though, SPS campaigns developed first - in line with CPRE’s for this site must be found. against the proposals which national policy, we advocate a threaten the greenfield edges of our brownfield first approach. We urge ‘Good neighbour’ homes towns and villages, viewing each that previously-used land within and Elsewhere, SPS welcomed in application according to its impacts adjacent to existing settlements be principle the use of brownfield on the landscape, the heritage considered for housing development land at Eye Airfield for residential and the sustainability of existing before allowing Suffolk’s greenfield development, but when commenting settlement. When approached, we land, which often has high agricultural on a draft development brief for listen to local residents’ groups to and landscape value, to be lost over 290 homes, urged that more understand their concerns and give careful consideration be given forever. However, we need to be guidance on the best approach for to future residents. The existing realistic about the availability and a successful outcome. In recent and forthcoming industrial scale viability of brownfield sites - extra months we have responded to ‘full’ cost of developing the sites allowing infrastructure, including four giant planning applications for housing developers to provide little or no wind turbines, an abattoir and a gas- developments of 144 houses on affordable housing as part of the fired power station, would be in close agricultural land to the west of scheme. proximity to the new housing. SPS urged a smaller scheme and carefully East Bergholt and 40 dwellings on Quality places to live? designed mitigation measures to land within the setting of a Grade I Also we cannot assume that accompany this significant extension Listed Church in Gislingham. We brownfield sites are sustainable and to Eye. argued against the excessive scale of will provide a quality place to live. In Meanwhile, a sustainable brownfield the proposals, the poor design and fact SPS has recently felt compelled site in Station Road, Framlingham layout and the harm to the setting to object to the redevelopment of has permission granted for 100 homes of historic buildings. We have also the near derelict Stafford Park site in but building has yet to start. SPS has urged refusal of an outline application Liston with 122 homes. Although concerns that development of the for 1,650 homes at Brandon which over the border into Essex, the two greenfield sites, the first at Mount is contrary to local policy for the implications of such a large number Pleasant for100 homes (and now a growth of Brandon, a town seriously of new homes in this location, which new application on this same site for constrained by its internationally is served by a totally inadequate 95 homes – slightly reduced with the important surrounding countryside, system of narrow country lanes, planning decision deferred by SCDC) its historic core and assets which would have serious implications and the second at Fairfield Road for would be harmed by this large urban on neighbouring Long Melford. 163 homes – both currently at Appeal, extension into the countryside.

6 Suffolk Preservation Society | Suffolk View | Winter 2015 | no 126

Relegation of good architectural design In the last issue of Suffolk View SPS Babergh District highlighted the importance of good building design. Design quality is not simply architectural taste it is fundamental to how places work. The National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) places a strong emphasis on good design. It sets out a number of policies which can support its delivery and notes “Good design is a key aspect of sustainable development and is indivisible from good planning and should contribute positively to making places better for people.” However, there is a fear that design quality has lost its value, one which once underpinned town and country Brandon – 1,650 dwellings planned but could this now change with the new Forest Heath Local Plan planning. Is this attributable to the dilemma of delivering quantity Built environment national more resources for local authorities at lowest cost over design, or is policy explored to deliver a high quality built design not fully understood? SPS The SPS has also submitted evidence environment that we can be proud to supports high quality contemporary to the House of Lords Select pass on to future generations. design and does not subscribe to Committee on National Policy an automatic historicist or pastiche for the Built Environment which Eye gas-fi red power station approach in sensitive historic will consider the development and outcome settings. Nevertheless, architectural implementation of this policy. It In the last issue of Suffolk View we design must be informed by the site sets out to explore issues around reported on page 7 on the proposal and its surroundings in order to be housing supply, availability of design for the 299 megawatt gas-fi red power successful. We have commented on skills in local authority planning station on the World War II airfi eld the design aspect of a number of departments, the urgent need for at Eye together with a proposed contemporary proposals recently large scale housing and the need adjacent substation, and on page 12 including a two-storey extension to to produce high quality places for we presented the three points which a listed farmhouse in Kersey and a people to live, work and spend their emerged from the SPS presentation new house within the Brent Eleigh leisure time. The SPS will continue to the Planning Inspector at the Conservation Area. to add its voice to those demanding Public Inquiry in respect of the

East Bergholt – 144 houses on agricultural land planned

7 Suffolk Preservation Society | Suffolk View | Winter 2015 | no 126

pre-Roman field boundaries and The lovely market town of Eye ancient field patterns. For assets of such critical importance SPS was duty bound to comment particularly as the applicant had made clear that a much smaller solution could be achieved, but they had no intention of doing so because the costs would be significantly greater. Therefore, a professionally reasoned objection was submitted on heritage and archaeological grounds and we were supported by Parish Councillors and local residents who had also thoroughly understood the issues, and had submitted their own objections, like ours, mainly on heritage grounds. In December last year SPS and other objectors appeared before the Planning Inspector who carefully Eye – campaigners fight for rural character questioned our arguments which were based on planning law and guidance. Suffolk County Council, at a later point, also supported the defence of the archaeology under scrutiny. The applicant received their consent for the power station as we all expected but at the very real price of having the smaller and much more expensive substation – or nothing. The damage to pristine countryside will now be a 60 per cent smaller footprint and contained within a building rather than a 22 acre blight. So, as SPS Chairman involved in this particular planning case, what are the lessons? Do not be daunted, but present an impeccably professional case with equally well-prepared local objectors. Find the common ground, in this case latter. This brownfield site had very hard to resist. So it looked set heritage, between you and those already absorbed a number of wind to gain early approval and both the on the same tack to strengthen turbines, a chicken incinerator plant County and District Councils were the case. And fire off the heritage and other large industrial structures, proposing little resistance. bullets – they are enshrined in law with more infrastructure to come. However, this application had a and they are in our armoury. Even if This was clearly not an application real sting in its tail, namely a massive the system appears heavily loaded that SPS was likely to resist. Of substation in open countryside under against a case, if the arguments are course, SPS acknowledges the need the nearby pylon line surrounded sound, the Planning Inspector is for such uses, and is not unrealistic by the ancient settlements of duty-bound to hear that argument about local and national needs where Thrandeston, Mellis and Yaxley, not which he will take into account in his appropriately sited. As a power to mention the relative proximity final analysis. station it was also classified as one of Eye itself. This was our concern In this case, the outcome is an of the new Nationally Significant as there were also some 165 listed important gain for all who care about Infrastructure Projects (NSIP) for buildings which would be impacted the heritage of Suffolk. which Government has created a adversely, and a considerable area of All of our letters are available in fast-track consent formula that is important, known but un-excavated full on the SPS website

8 Suffolk Preservation Society | Suffolk View | Winter 2015 | no 126 County Courier News and issues from the districts, amenity societies and members SPS District Chairs can be contacted via the Lavenham office

Suffolk Coastal Babergh for Listed status for the whole? The Sudbury and Hadleigh Societies are District District supportive of this move, but there may not be much time available for the Report by Jo Rogers, Chair SPS Suffolk Costal Report by Stephen Thorpe, Sudbury Society Listing process to be completed. District What is to become of Babergh We continue to convey local opinions District Council’s fine headquarters from our various contacts and the local building at Hadleigh? Prior to the Ipswich Borough parish councils, and several who have local government reorganisation in Report by Mike Cook, Ipswich Society taken the opportunity to obtain advice 1974 the district council offices had from SPS become members. Although been dispersed over various sites in A new traffic assessment and design our district committee is smaller and Hadleigh. It was proposed to establish guide for the Northern Fringe we work differently now, we continue centralised offices in Hadleigh, (renamed Ipswich Garden Suburb) to monitor the planning applications integrating the existing listed buildings is now due, plus the announcements on the SCDC website. We aim to have on the site with new modern elements for the Waterfront development to be one of our members at all the monthly – offices, restaurant, reception and completed, and the use of Heritage planning meetings of SCDC for committee chamber. The outcome was Lottery Fund (HLF) money by Suffolk applications of interest to SPS. the appointment of Arup Associates, MIND and the Churches Conservation In May we instigated the idea that whose Suffolk connections include the Trust to bring the abandoned St. SPS should have a presence at the concert hall at Snape Maltings, but Mary-at-the-Quay church, College Suffolk Show after many years also two houses designed by Philip Street, back into use as a community absence – time to re-establish that link Dowson – Long Wall near Sudbury and and therapy centre. The HLF has also and attract new members. We had two the A-house at Monks Eleigh. granted £180,000 to the Broomhill Pool enjoyable days with a very efficient rota With the current move to merge the Trust, a development grant for the Art of members manning the stand. It was services of Mid Suffolk and Babergh Deco swimming pool, with a view to rewarding talking with members of the District Council, and yet retain local £3.3m funding. public, many producing remarkably hubs to bring both councils’ services There is, however, dismay regarding similar opinions on the planning closer to users, it is unclear whether the lack of success of Ipswich as a system. The general feeling was that there will be a need to move out of all whole and the visions to change and there is a great need for new housing or part of the building. But if this should save it. There are several reasons for in town and country, but concern was happen, could it be partly rented and this, in part because of the decline expressed that the sites and style of partly given over to community use? If of town centre shopping in all but such housing are not at present meeting it is sold the Listed status of the older the most major centres because of local requirements. buildings, which were incorporated out-of-town alternatives and internet At our quarterly meeting in July we into the build’s overall design, may not shopping. Secondly, Ipswich is not discussed local developments, including be sufficient to save the whole from economically wealthy and was deeply the Bentwaters site, which continues unsympathetic alteration or substantial affected by the recession during the to give concern. It was considered by demolition. development of the Waterfront project, SCDC last November, and it is unclear So how do we save the new and leading to bankruptcies and some what the ultimate plan is for its future. the listed buildings as an integrated projects remaining unfinished. Our visit to Chillesford Hall and concept, innovative for its time and On a brighter note the new owners Sudbourne Park was a great success – acclaimed enough to win Arup’s a of the Tower Ramparts shopping see SPS Events Review on page 23. RIBA architectural award? By applying mall are remodelling their building, and with new tenants installed are renaming Sudbourne Park – planned eco-housing it ‘Sailmakers’. The Buttermarket is to have a multi-screen cinema with restaurants and car park, the Primark retailer has taken over the closed Gap retail outlet and is doing a fine job in restoring a listed building in the process. Ipswich Borough Council (IBC) is going to replace the Charles Street multi- storey car park. There are also plans for office expansion along Princes Street with Birketts solicitors moving into new offices, refurbishment of Fison House and plans for a new office development on the site of the garages in Princes Street.

9 Suffolk Preservation Society | Suffolk View | Winter 2015 | no 126

Ipswich Cornhill – artist’s impression complicate matters, the Conservation Area Assessment had over-looked the building’s significance. Fortunately, the view of the SPS was supported by both English Heritage and the Victorian Society. It is hoped that the planning process will result in the building being locally listed. A final decision from Waveney District Council is expected in November. The St Mary’s Convent application highlighted the need to protect Lowestoft’s heritage assets. Sadly, much of the industrial built heritage was lost in the 1990’s as a result of urban renewal. But Lowestoft still has many historic buildings; the SPS hopes to work with the community, officers, We hope the public can look forward Kensington than Suffolk. SPS objected and elected officials to spread an to a more welcoming layout at the to this proposal as inappropriate appreciation that preserving the best railway station, a Suffolk County for the site and location within the of the past and promoting the best Council matter. Conservation Area. Waveney members of the future will hasten Lowestoft’s Pressure continues to remodel the were fearful that a precedent could regeneration. Cornhill by levelling and terracing be set which would encourage further it, with a tower in one corner, in an similar developments within the attempt to revitalise the area. The historic core of the town and were Mid Suffolk District Ipswich Society does not support the therefore pleased that the application We are delighted that SPS Mid Suffolk expenditure of around £3m on this was refused. Waveney District District has a new planning volunteer, aesthetically unsatisfactory scheme. Council shared the SPS’s concerns The case has not been made that it will Philip Butler, who will replace Clare over the design of the extension and Evans who recently stood down after attract visitors to the town centre. the potential of such a substantial How can we help Ipswich to become many years of excellent service for below ground excavation to affect the a more confident and attractive place which we thank her. He is a civil structural integrity of the listed building to visit or live? We need to abolish engineer, who played a key role in and surrounding properties. the myths of expensive parking, the Eye Airfield Parishes Working Responding to the concerns rough drunken nights and a lack of Group (EAPWG) in their battle against shopping. As usual please tell me of of a local resident, the SPS played Progress Power’s proposed gas-fired your experience in Ipswich. You may a lead role in objecting to the power station and electrical connection be interested in the Ipswich Society’s demolition of St Mary’s Convent, at Eye and Yaxley, see page 7. Philip is winter lecture programme which can be an early 19th century Italianate-style a longstanding resident of Mellis and found at www.ipswichsociety.org.uk building overlooking the sea in South has vast experience of delivering large Lowestoft’s Conservation Area. As infrastructure projects. We look forward happens too often, the proposal’s to working with him in defending Waveney District heritage assessment statement fell Mid Suffolk from inappropriate short of what would be expected. To development. Report by Jessica Jeans, SPS Waveney District Protection of the AONB remains a high priority in Waveney. SPS objected to an application to expand an existing business with more warehousing to be used for storage. The establishment in Reydon provides limited employment to the area and Waveney District Council agreed that the harm that would be caused to the appearance and tranquillity of the AONB outweighed any economic advantage of expanding the existing business - particularly as sites where available outside the AONB. This is now at Appeal. A potential test case in Southwold was the application to extend a modest Grade II Listed house via a substantial extension including a large basement - more akin to developments in South Eye Airfield ‘s adjacent countryside – area threatened by infrastructure expansion

10 Suffolk Preservation Society | Suffolk View | Winter 2015 | no 126 Newmarket – racing town targeted for more housing St. Edmundsbury District Progress on the proposed West Suffolk Operational Hub has stalled following a fi rst round of public consultation as a St. Edmundsbury Full Council meeting rejected £82,000 funding towards developing the business case. The WSOH is a joint venture between St. Edmundsbury Borough Council, Forest Heath District Council and Suffolk County Council for a new waste handling centre consisting of a vehicle depot, transfer station from where waste would be taken to the ‘energy from waste’ facility at Great Blakenham, and a public household recycling centre. A site has been earmarked at Hollow Road Farm which is near the villages of Great Barton and the Fornhams to the north of Bury St. Edmunds, adjacent to the sugar beet factory. It is clear that Forest Heath varying from ‘low’ to ‘very high’. It a large site within easy reach of the is particularly interesting that the transport network is required, but SPS District consultation document shows a complete change of direction with called for greater transparency in the The long delayed Local Plan site selection process. regard to housing at Brandon. consultation on the number of new Residents of nearby villages objected Brandon is classed as a market town homes needed for future generations to the site, delivering a petition to a and had been earmarked previously for in Forest Heath, and where the new cabinet meeting in June urging for considerable greenfi eld expansion. All homes, jobs, schools, roads and other the site to be rejected because of ‘the four possible growth options, however, overwhelming negative environmental support for new development should stipulate a much reduced fi gure of only and nuisance impact it would have go ran from August to October. This 55 new houses for Brandon during the on the surrounding land and nearby controversial issue had been under lifetime of the local plan because of residential area’. review since the High Court quashed the environmental constraints of sites There are signs that these protests this particular policy from the Core surrounding the town. Meanwhile, an have had some effect as a further round Strategy when it was adopted in 2012. outline planning application for 1,650 of public consultation is promised Four possible approaches to housing homes and a new relief road to cope which will explore other possible sites. distribution are being considered, with the existing and future traffi c was In addition the widespread opposition allocating growth in Newmarket, submitted in July. A decision on this has resulted in funding for further work Lakenheath, Red Lodge, Mildenhall is yet to be made but clearly it goes on the project being refused. and primary villages with levels against the direction of planning policy for housing in the District and it has also Great Barton – waste site earmarked at Hollow Road Farm been suggested that road improvements elsewhere (in particular to the A11) may negate any requirement for a relief road in Brandon. Mildenhall attracts new housing

11 Suffolk Preservation Society | Suffolk View | Winter 2015 | no 126 From the News-stand Copy and comment

Fireside garden planning parking is often diffi cult or expensive 2008 the targets were being greatly At this time of year we think about and the vehicles need to be kept exceeded with 80 per cent of housing winding down the gardening duties nearby for safety. However, front built on brownfi eld. However, the late and instead peruse the seed catalogues gardens can provide for both vehicles Coalition scrapped the targets and in front of a good fi re, a moment and planting, and there were some failed to mention brownfi eld land in of respite. But it is interesting to innovative designs at the Chelsea its draft NPPF, swept away detailed contemplate that in the last ten years Flower Show which set the challenge offi cial guidance on how to use it and 3 million gardens have been paved to demonstrate how permeable paving stopped maintaining complete records over, with the pace quickening, and or gravel and selected planting can of how much was available. In fact, it 5 million have no plants in them at mingle, creating a space that takes the claimed brownfi eld was in short supply all. This revealing statistic came from car without damaging the planting. but there was, and is, suffi cient for 1.5 the Royal Horticultural Society So now the front of the home can million new homes. The controversial (RHS). Specifi c planning rules apply look attractive, help wildlife and allow planning reforms created speculative for those wishing to pave over their rainwater to penetrate the ground to development in the countryside and gardens but it is the small front avoid fl ood water run-off. The RHS for some the physical outcome is gardens of Victorian and Edwardian provides a selected list of plants just around the corner. However, we terraced housing that the loss of the that survive well ‘under cars’ with have been promised again the use traditional front garden, as part of the minimum gardening maintenance – of brownfi eld for new homes and street scene, is likely to be noticed now that has to be to worth a gold local authorities will have to maintain the most. Where not ‘listed’ many no medal. registers of what is available. An initial longer have their original features like Gardening Matters – database of surplus brownfi eld land in the garden wall and gate, with a path Front Gardens www.rhs.org.uk London will be completed by the end leading to the front door. The gardens of the year. Dangers remain, however, have also disappeared too having been with uncontrolled development in opened up for access to the pavement Countryside victory? Electioneering is now well behind us, vulnerable villages unless there is a to allow for the parking of vehicles. Neighbourhood Plan in place, see article In many areas this is not surprising as with all political parties in varying degrees pledging to prioritise brownfi eld on page 5. land fi rst for new housing development. Up to fi ve years ago, successive “Why aren’t special trees valued Conservative and Labour governments as highly as monuments?” set strict targets for concentrating This was the title of a debate at this housing on brownfi eld land. year’s Hay Festival. But there is news of Between 1995 and 2007, 117 square an offi cial register to classify, celebrate miles were developed, enough, if it had and protect the UK’s nationally taken place on greenfi eld land, to cover important and best-loved trees – ‘trees an area of open countryside more than of national special interest’. “Our six times the size of Southampton. By oldest trees are natural miracles. A space for plants and cars These majestic specimens can live for hundreds, sometimes thousands of years and support an incredible amount of wildlife. They share a unique bond with people, nature and the landscape, and are a vital part of our history and heritage. These living monuments make an important contribution to the nation which needs to be offi cially recognised and protected, just as our historic buildings are.” So says the Woodland Trust and, with the support of Country Living magazine, they have a website for those who agree with them. If we can list a Victorian urinal and a 1970s skateboard park why not give legal safeguard for our ancient trees? www.woodlandtrust.org.uk/vitrees

12 Suffolk Preservation Society | Suffolk View | Winter 2015 | no 126

discovered that low frequency sound, generated by rotor blades, triggered a part of the brain which senses danger. Wind farm critics have long complained of the detrimental impact of turbines on their mental health, sleep patterns and physical well- being. But now a study suggests that the brain can register low frequency sounds even below the level of normal human hearing. Doctor Christian Koch of the Planck Institute for Human Development in Berlin said “The observations show a reaction in certain parts of the brain which play a role in emotions. This means that A long-lived oak at Long Melford a human being has a rather diffuse perception, saying that something Editor’s note: following a high- economic value – they are so much is there and that this might involve danger.” RenewablesUK disagree, it profile national event hosted by the more than that.” And so they are. says to suggest otherwise is inaccurate Woodland Trust in Framlingham on In September the National Trust and irresponsible. Who’s right? the subject of Chalara (Ash Dieback), produced new guidance on building See article on page 5. Suffolk, Norfolk, and Kent County in AONBs calling for greater weight Councils are now working closely to be placed on the statutory duty to Piper’s legacy with Defra to better understand and ‘conserve and enhance the natural prepare for the impacts of the disease beauty’ of AONBs. (CRoW Act 2000). outside woods. Ash is the third most common tree in the UK and the most Disturbance in the air? common boundary tree outside woods, The National Farming Union (NFU) so the predicted 90 per cent death-toll has been voicing concern about the will have significant implications for halting of subsidies for on-shore landscape character and ecological wind projects from April 2016. “We connectivity across open countryside. are concerned that this could catch Disease management in these front- out, inadvertently, every single farm line counties will be paramount. turbine, no matter what the scale,” said Vice President Guy Smith. “Small scale ‘Beauty’ as a value? renewables don’t just produce energy, The National Association of they’re an essential way for Britain’s AONBs and National Parks farmers to earn a reliable income England published in June a report in a time of volatile food prices and called “So much more than the view”, so keep the wider economy afloat.” However, a recent report said that Thousands of pictures taken by British which presents the natural capital artist John Piper (1903 – 1992) have value of the country’s AONBs and living near a wind turbine could harm emotional well-being after scientists been published online. But while many National Parks. Showing a massive of the locations were documented by value of over £20bn to the English Piper when Tate Britain acquired the economy, these protected landscapes negatives in the 1980s nearly 1,000 receive public subsidy equivalent to remain to be identified, hopefully, by less than £1 per person a year. Suffolk the public. Piper began taking the has two AONBs, Suffolk Coast & photographs when he worked with Heaths and the Dedham Vale, as well John Betjeman on the Shell County as part of the Norfolk & Suffolk Broads Guides in the 1930s, capturing shots National Park. Environment Minister, of ruined abbeys, churches, old shop Rory Stewart, said in June: “….. This fronts and country inns. There are report reminds us that safeguarding nearly 6,000 photographs (black and our countryside can also generate white) celebrating Britain’s countryside economic value, how our protected and architectural heritage, spanning 50 landscapes are increasingly rare in years from the 1930s to the 1980s, and a rapidly developing world and just covering many parts of the country. how precious they are to visitors and Take a look. residents. However … we must never www.tate.org.uk/johnpiper reduce such places simply to their

13 Suffolk Preservation Society | Suffolk View | Winter 2015 | no 126 Heritage matters The Brick Chimney – brickmaker, Peter Minter, gives his perspective The Chimney, for so long a feature of our houses, is today in danger of being lost, to be replaced by a small metal fl ue exhausting its central heating gases.

Great skill in early stacks assisting the ‘pull’ of the fl ue. The x 2¼ inches (a common sixteenth The chimney we know and admire bold Oversail of the head brickwork century size) was the blank from developed during the fi fteenth resulted in the airfl ow being pulled which to work. In the nineteenth century. With the skills of the round and over the top of the stack, century, Victorian stacks made brickmaker becoming ever more thus helping to suck out the gases, from moulded ‘specials’ could vary available, brick was an ideal choice. an important feature when the fl ue from course to course to match the With its ease of construction at a size was often considerable (12” – different diameters of a design. reasonable price and the need to 305mm). guard against fi re hazards, the brick Throughout the seventeenth and Functionality in design quickly found its way into the building eighteenth centuries, the chimney The chimney must fi rstly act to became just part of the design of of both fi replaces and chimney remove the fl ue gases and then, at the the house, and spread from town to stacks. It was also a sign of wealth, point where it leaves the main stack country, grand house to cottage. It and it follows that one might like to and rises into the sky, provide a stable remained functional and served a draw attention to this fact by making and elegant shaft that sits comfortably the stack above roof level elaborate, greater number of fi res but was no longer shown off as in the past. with the rest of the building, its thus ensuring it was noticed. base proportioned to take the shaft, These early stacks exhibited great and its head to prove a balance and skill, not only of the bricklayer, but Gothic Revival ascends enhanced air movement. also the brickmaker; in fact, it was he However, with the turn of the Exposed as they are, there is who fi rst created the complex designs nineteenth century a new mood by cutting the special shapes before emerged, and we see a period we always a need to ensure they are the clay had fully dried (the green know as the Gothic Revival, taking its well maintained. Never repoint or state). Then the bricklayer began to inspiration from forms and decoration rebuild using cement mortars where follow this lead and cut from a fi red of the early sixteenth century. The none were evidenced before. Many brick thus creating the many ‘specials’ twisted stacks, chevron, lozenge and chimneys that have failed, have done the chimney demanded. fl eur-de-lis, all found favour once so due to the intervention of cement more, but now in a very different or to additional brickwork on the Omens of good luck scale and on a wide spectrum of head overloading the base of the shaft Moulding became a third choice. properties, be it a lodge cottage, resulting in it s collapse. Throughout the reign of Henry workers’ houses, a village street or Today we are again coming to VIII the exuberance of design and some grand Victorian mansion. The understand the value of lime mortar fashion saw the creation of decorative fl ue size, now almost standard at 9” and can repair and rebuild our stacks chimneys on every self- respecting (228-230mm), brought the change in as they should be. The brick can building – shapes of pure fantasy, scale leading to a different size and be made as an exact match, either others depicting omens of good luck form of the brick which was now moulded, cut green or cut after fi ring, and crowned frequently with a sign of almost always moulded, and with but in extreme cases such as at fertility. the advancement in brickmaking Hampton Court Palace by providing By the end of the sixteenth century techniques, able to be produced in specially prepared blocks of ‘washed’ the chimney was now commonplace, shapes unseen in the original stacks. clay known as ‘rubbers’, that allow it retained its decorative star shaped The early ‘Tudor’ style decorative for cutting to very fi ne tolerances of head and an elegant base, but the shafts, whose complex designs were 1-2mm joints. shaft was purely functional. However, cut, resulted in the original brick size the head provided not only style determining the ‘specials’ overall Editor’s note: see Book Review on page 21 and balance, but the added bonus of dimensions. A brick of 9¼ x 4 3/8 The Brickmaker’s Tale

14 Suffolk Preservation Society | Suffolk View | Winter 2015 | no 126

Thorington Hall, Suffolk: (and on the front cover) a fine set of six octagonal chimney stacks completely rebuilt from the base up on this National Trust owned property. Layer Marney Tower, Essex: a pair of chimney stacks restored in the early 1960s. It is interesting to note that the rebuilt one on the left is slightly bolder than the new example, particularly with regard to the head. This is in part due to the reluctance to corbel out the brickwork for fear of losing stability. The problem can be overcome without difficulty but at the time this was still to be learned.

Coggeshall Hall, Essex: on display a set of five lozenge-shaped shafts. This Great Barton, Suffolk: chimney stacks on a lodge gatehouse, part of Lord Bunbury’s form of stack was popular in East Anglia and allows a number of shafts estate. The decorative crenellations depict a leopard’s head with crossed swords to be built on a small base. The design makes good use of the natural behind part of his crest. (It was Lord Bunbury whose wager with the 12th Lord Derby shadow and requires few ‘specials’ in its construction. in 1834 led to the race now known as the Derby.)

15 Suffolk Preservation Society | Suffolk View | Winter 2015 | no 126 Heritage matters The Brick Business – problems with planning and conservation solutions There are occasions when certain jobs fall foul of planning regulations and are made very complex as a result.

Bulmer Brick & Tile (BBT) retained them for future reference. The returned to the building again to look at was approached to see if they could work was completed and the chimneys the property as a whole and found that make bricks to restore six Tudor were built. BBT had had no instructions there were a number of things that chimneys on a Grade 1 listed building. as to how the bricks should be finished. seemed to conflict with one another. He The owner was away and had asked his They had two main clay seams which decided to put together the facts as he builder to look at the main chimneys on gave quite contrasting appearances, but knew them and re-photograph the the house. BBT made a site visit and was chose the finer clay option as it was building. (Looking through a camera lens concerned at their condition. They were thought to give a sharper definition. one often sees things that are not at first in two sets of three, the outer two being Once the chimneys had been built they visible when one’s eye is free to roam.) simple octagonal stacks, and the centre were given a coat of farmyard manure The building was Grade 1 and a large ones having quite complex mouldings. It in order to tone them down and enhance part of the reason for listing was the was these that were in the poorest the weathering (an old practice used to apparent rarity of the chimneys. Peter became sure that they were not in their condition and, from the ground, soften the overall finish but in this case original position, and there was certainly appeared to require urgent the treatment had been overdone.) something else. The bases were work to be carried out. BBT followed In general the work was all right but completely wrong for a sixteenth century their usual practice and having the centre stack looked rather bolder chimney stack, and in fact the design and photographed them and made a profile than the original, sitting very tightly the shape of the bricks were seventeenth sketch, priced the work and identified between the outer two. BBT had noticed century, and the brickwork below was the number of moulds likely to be when they first climbed the stack that again seventeenth century; the main required. The price was submitted and the centre shaft was in fact not porch and gables all said the same thing. time elapsed, then a panic phone call completely round, a point they had There was a date on the porch of 1665, came asking if BBT could visit the site made to the builder, but the new shaft and this date fitted perfectly. He looked as three of the stacks had fallen down. was perfectly round. It was this that made it look too big. About a year later again at the stacks: they had been rebuilt, at least in part, at some point and had Stack defective BBT were contacted by the local also undergone many bad attempts to authority, not in Suffolk, regarding the When BBT arrived the stacks were repair them. The outer octagonal shafts work that had been carried out. They down to the base and the rest of the were unexceptional and it was only the seemed somewhat agitated as, although bricks were in a skip. Apparently when centre shafts that were of real interest. approached about the state of the the builder had erected his scaffold he They were both slightly thinner and oval chimneys, they had not given consent to had found that the head of the chimneys in shape, in order to fit between the outer carry out work on them. The local had been previously repaired with a shafts. Why? A further study of the base authority had not been aware that this cement mortar, and this had caused the gave the answer. The house, which was heads to crack: all the top courses of the had been done and it was only because much older, had been remodelled during chimney were just sitting on the lower the client had asked to repair the other the seventeenth century, making it more brickwork. The builder had decided to set that the work had come to light. fashionable for the time. The chimneys lift off the defective courses, but as soon They refused permission despite the were either new or repositioned to as he released the weight the entire remaining ones being in a worse state conform to the symmetry of the new stack began to come down. He was able than those replaced. The local styles, but the main stacks were too to support it temporarily, and rang his authority’s representatives were small to take three shafts, making Peter office for help. The only thing possible surprised at the amount of detail and think they could well have come from was to take it down to prevent it falling records BBT had kept but were some other property and not been on through the roof. concerned that the replacement site when the main brickwork was being chimneys looked too new. carried out. The base detail was an Importance of recording attempt to widen out the work in order BBT were able, with the help of their Evidence for Appeal that the three shafts would fit, but still it photographs and the rubble in the skip, Peter Minter was then contacted by the was too tight, and the final answer was to to select samples of the types of bricks client, who told him that he was make the centre ones slightly oval. The from which to make up moulds, and Appealing against the local council’s interest in the stacks was not so much they proceeded to go ahead with the decision and would Peter help, as a that they were unusual, but where they work. They marked each type and witness, if the case went to Appeal. Peter came from and how they got there.

16 Suffolk Preservation Society | Suffolk View | Winter 2015 | no 126

Herein lies a lesson those bricks that could be saved would examined. This resulted in only about 25 The owner went to Appeal and a long be saved, and the stacks would be rebuilt per cent saving. The huge expense and unnecessary battle ensued. Finally an in the same style. BBT made the bricks the cost of the Appeal further added to agreement was reached and the result as accurately as possible to match those the expenditure when a degree of allowed the second set to be taken being retained, producing sufficient common sense would have solved down. Any other course of action would texture to soften the appearance and everything quite simply. have been quite unsafe, but this was not complement the originals. To assess Editor’s note: local authority conservation which bricks were deemed suitable for departments are under pressure; lack of resourcing the outcome the local authority wanted and heritage expertise has culminated partly in poor as they had hoped to repair and retain re-use, each course was dismantled and heritage outcomes – this is a false economy. It is to be the originals. It was decided that all placed on a board allowing it to be hoped that the House of Lords Select Committee’s ‘call for evidence’ regarding its Quality of the Built Environment report (to which the SPS has given evidence, see page 7) will help to remedy this important aspect of heritage support.

Above: a set of three shafts before and after restoration. The bricks were in a perished state and in dire need of replacement. As a Grade 1 listed building the need to preserve as much of the original material was paramount. Because of the extremely poor condition of the stacks, left, a decision was made to take them down, course by course, setting out the bricks for examination, re- incorporating sound examples, and making up new specials to replicate those lost.

Left: Each course was taken down separately and laid out on trays before being checked for re-use. New examples were then made to match the originals.

17 Suffolk Preservation Society | Suffolk View | Winter 2015 | no 126 Heritage matters Roofs Undulating roofscapes of old hand- made pegtiles are one of the most attractive features of East Anglian towns and villages.

Other traditional materials found in Suffolk are pantile, timber shingle and thatch. From the 19th century onwards, Welsh slate was imported also. Original materials should be retained wherever possible. The roof pitch is determined by the physical properties of the covering material and the traditions of the locality. In Essex and Suffolk, plain tile is laid at 45º as a minimum, and generally between 47º - 50º. For slate or pantile it is at least 30º, usually 35º - 40º, and thatch at least 55º. Pantile was typically used on single storey buildings. Plain tile should be handmade if used on a building erected before the end of the 19th century. It should be laid with half tiles at the verge rather than tile-and-a-half, which gives a typically unfortunate zip-like appearance. Eaves are very simple with open rafter ends rather than soffits. Verges should also avoid soffits and should have a plain clay tile undercloak. of the Georgian period and later. usually formed from two planks Where bargeboards are used, they Vernacular buildings have lime fixed together as a V. For new thatch should be under the verge tiles in mortar, reinforced across wide joints roofs, refer to the Dorset Model Essex rather than over the tiles, more using galleting (small pieces of tile) 2009. Wood burners produce very typical of Suffolk and Norfolk. Roofs or using tile slips as covering to the high temperatures and are a fire risk may have parapetted eaves and mortar. to thatch so if installed flues need verges instead. Hips Dormers should be unobtrusive to be well insulated, but always take should be finished in half round features in the roof plane. Eighteenth professional advice first. tiles, unless they are in the Arts and century classically proportioned Vents should be unobtrusive. Crafts style in which they may be buildings may have dormers with sash Proprietary vents are available. Small finished using bonnet tiles. windows, strongly detailed reveals ventilation gaps can be incorporated Roof lights should be in cast and eaves, and double pitched or in the lime bedding joint to ridge metal with traditional detailing and curved roofs, but vernacular dormers tiles and between open rafters at set level with the roof. Where part have casement windows, thin reveals, the eaves. There are examples of of a vernacular design, exposed lead open rafter feet and pitched plain tile attractive historic patterned timber work should be minimised by using or slate roofs. grilles and fret patterns in soffits secret gutters. Glass tiles are found Thatching in Essex is traditionally of Georgian buildings that could on pantile roofs and are much less in long straw with a simple flush influence new design. obtrusive than roof lights, which if ridge, in Suffolk and Norfolk both long Ventilation outlets should be sited unavoidable should be to the low- straw and water reed are common. at the rear and grouped together profile ‘conservation’ pattern. Openings are limited and roof lights where possible, or incorporated into Gutters are cast iron (cast are not used on a traditional thatch chimneys. aluminium may be used subject to roof. Thatched roofs normally do not Listed Building advice). have gutters. Where used, gutters Courtesy of Conserve* Essex Works Lead flashings are characteristic are in timber and much wider,

18 Suffolk Preservation Society | Suffolk View | Winter 2015 | no 126

19 Suffolk Preservation Society | Suffolk View | Winter 2015 | no 126 Hands-on Courses Traditional Building Skills & Building Conservation Courses and Lectures

Programme delivered by Place Carpentry and Joinery from Bats, Ecology and Listed Buildings Services, a team of specialists in Restoration to Regency 9.30 am to 12.30 pm building conservation, design and the 9.30 am to 12.30 pm Friday, 29th January 2016 environment, providing expertise and Friday, 27th November, 2015 Speaker: Duncan Painter, advice for local planning authorities. Speaker: Joe Bispham, Historic Applied Ecology www.placeservices.co.uk Buildings Consultant & Contractor Good Design for Historic Buildings For more details about the This session explores the advances 9.30 am to 12.30 am following courses, all at Cressing made in building construction and Friday, 12th February, 2016 Temple Barns, or to book please the use of imported softwoods in the Speakers: Hilary Brightman and contact Katie Seabright on 03330 period from the restoration of Charles Natalie Drewett, Hilary Brightman 136560 or email traditional. II to the Regency period. Architects plus a speaker to be advised. [email protected] Structural Repairs to Historic The scope for altering historic buildings Lime Plaster for Beginners Buildings without harm to their significance, Friday, 20th November, 2015 9.30 am to 12.30 pm together with successful design and Tutor: Roy Cafferty, Traditional Lime Friday, 4th December, 2015 detailing, will be explored and illustrated Plastering Speaker: Ian Hume, Structural with examples. This will be of interest This two-day hands-on course is Engineer to architects, planners and homeowners. aimed at working plasterers interested in broadening their experience, and Standard engineering solutions Tour of a traditional brick works amateurs with some plastering skills. to repair problems are often & a guided walk through Bury St. inappropriate for historic buildings. Edmunds Run Mouldings Instead a conservation approach 9.00 am to 4.30 pm 25th - 26th February, 2016 taking into account their construction, Friday, 18th March, 2016 Tutor: Roy Cafferty, Traditional Lime materials and character is required. Plastering This seminar considers some repairs An opportunity to visit the Bulmer to the structure of masonry and Brick & Tile Company’s brickworks, A two-day practical course covering the timber buildings and the philosophy and Bury St. Edmunds, in the company art and craft of mouldings run in situ. behind them. of one of the country’s leading traditional brick-makers. You will Build Your Own Bread Oven Heritage Statement and Impact look at and discuss the conservation Friday, 4th March, 2016 Assessment and repair of historic rubbed and Tutor: Tony Minter, Bulmer Brick & 9.30 am to 12.30 pm gauged brickwork. The day will help Tile Friday, 22nd January, 2016 professionals to specify and oversee and Mike Hogan Speaker: David Andrews, Historic work in the correct manner, and will Buildings Consultant & Libby Kirby also be of interest to the enthusiastic This course would be suitable for Taylor, Colchester Borough Council amateur. homeowners or bricklayers and builders who would like to offer their clients The NPPF emphasises the importance Editor’s note: please see articles on something different. of evidence based pages 14, 15, 16, & 17. planning for proposals CPD Lecture Programme affecting the historic The Great Barns at Cressing Temple environment. Heritage Each lecture will consist of two Statements (HSs) one-hour talks. They will be of routinely now accompany interest to architects, surveyors, listed building consent conservation professionals and applications. This seminar planners for specification writing and will look at the policy site supervision, as well as owners of framework for HSs and historic and listed properties. A light Impact Assessments, lunch and refreshments are included. All how they should be lectures take place at Cressing Temple constructed and what they Barns unless otherwise stated. should include.

20 Suffolk Preservation Society | Suffolk View | Winter 2015 | no 126 Book Review Reviewed by the author Peter Minter

The Brickmaker’s Tale past, trying to save a small part of our My book traces something of the heritage for the future, and gradually history of what is arguably the oldest helped to infl uence the restoration of working brickworks in the country. our Listed buildings. Today we think The inspiration to record the history more in terms of their conservation and skills of the past comes from the – our unique clay beds and our deep many craftsmen with whom I was knowledge being ideally suited to the privileged to grow up. I gradually task. became aware that I was a link The Brickmaker’s Tale gives a between the past and present, now fl avour of these things and of how spanning three centuries, and I had our survival was closely linked to the a responsibility to record a special land and the nature surrounding it. time. Many of these craftsmen It shows examples of the diversity were born towards the end of the and complexity of our work today in nineteenth century, others before a very different way to the one that the Great War. All had seen times of would have been known to those hardship and great change. I lived wonderful characters – a world full through the World War emerging into of regulation and control where a brave new world. For us, the process reality and virtual reality can become of brickmaking has changed little blurred. although the demands both fi nancially I have a deep love of East Anglia and culturally have brought about and in particular the Suffolk/Essex Special Price: Collect from Bulmer a revolution in building techniques border where I live. The ways and Brick & Tile, CO10 7EF - £25.00 and design to an extent unparalleled humour of its people still emerge and Post direct, including post & packaging in their use since the time of the I hope some of this is present in “The 01787 269232 - £30.00 Romans. We began to look to the Tale”. Bookshops - £30.00 A warm welcome to Peter Dawson Peter has over 10 years’ experience organisations throughout the south- working as a Senior Urban Designer east, enabling them to deliver their and specialises in negotiating statutory and non-statutory planning enhanced development outcomes services. with consultants, developers and As well as his commitment to landowners. the Suffolk Preservation Society, Peter works for Place Services (a Peter is currently working for East traded company of Essex County Cambridgeshire District Council on Council) which, as a multi-disciplinary the North Ely urban extension and consultancy, provides a wide range supporting Central Bedfordshire Peter Dawson, landscape architect and urban of specialist planning services to Council on a number of large urban designer, providing additional support to the over 20 local planning authorities and extension sites. SPS planning team Quote of the Issue “Hedgerows, country churches, stone barns, verges full of nodding wildfl owers and birdsong, sheep roaming over windswept fells, village shops and post offi ces and much more can only rarely now be justifi ed on economic grounds, and for most people in power those are the only grounds that matter. There is a strange, blind, foolish inclination to suppose that the features that make the British countryside are somehow infi nitely self-sustaining, that they will always be there, adding grace and beauty. Don’t count on it.” Bill Bryson, author and former President of CPRE

21 Suffolk Preservation Society | Suffolk View | Winter 2015 | no 126 Membership – a gift or bequest leaves a lasting legacy

Once again we extend a warm welcome to our new members who have joined since April 2015

SPS Life members 6 quality planning submissions. Members Membership information SPS members 8 understand the difficulties that the For details of legacies and bequests CPRE members 12 county faces in today’s planning contact 01787 247179. environment, and we are grateful to Thank you all for your valuable support, them for their support. New Joiner’s Membership – we look forward to meeting you at the Do consider passing your Suffolk available by standing order online: lectures and events which have been View to someone who is not a member Household - £30 per annum planned for the coming year, see pages and encourage them to join. If you do Parish Council & Amenity Society - 25 and 26. not want to part with your copy then £30 per annum The Chairman, in Comment on page we will be happy to forward a copy to Organisation - £70 per annum 4, thanked heartily those who had the person you nominate. Please get in Life - £500 contributed to the recent fundraising touch. CPRE membership available online drive so that the SPS can deliver on its from £3 a month via the SPS website promises. These funds have arisen from link www.suffolksociety.org and Life memberships with annual pledges also direct www.cpre.org.uk and from memberships in general. Our members are our life-blood and their DO WE HAVE YOUR EMAIL ADDRESS? THIS SAVES US POSTAGE financial backing allows us to support CHARGES IF WE NEED TO CONTACT YOU. and protect Suffolk through professional OUR WEBSITE IS UPDATED REGULARLY Obituary

A tribute to Jane Allen 1947 - 2015

pages, and I know from feedback from Apart from her more cerebral many of you that she chose wisely and work Jane was a knowledgeable and well. creative gardener: she developed When Jane came down from a delightful cottage garden at their Cambridge she did not go to the Bar home in Orford, which was open in having studied law, but instead became June, under the National Gardens a legal publisher, and developed her Scheme. Tim, her husband, said “Jane skills as a writer and an editor with was a remarkable, brave, tolerant and Butterworth’s in London. Sadly, ill- kind person, with many talents, great health forced Jane’s retirement from warmth and much generosity; she this work but her intellect was realised left the world a better place for her in other ways. It will be no surprise that presence.” This is so true. she was a serious historian publishing As a former SPS trustee Jane two excellent books - “The Building of understood its ethos; she was positive, Orford Castle” and, the second, “The supportive and enthusiastic, and Wallace Collection”, the remarkable offered helpful editorial advice to me The late Jane Allen at an SPS event story of the restoration of Orford in the initial stages of a remodelled Church, her local church where she newsletter in 2004. She was looking Very sadly Jane Allen passed away sang as an alto in the choir. Jane also forward to seeing the newly formatted in April – her name will be familiar to edited and partly wrote all 23 issues to Suffolk View: I do hope she would have readers of Suffolk View. Jane chose date of the Orford and District Local approved. and reviewed some of the books we History Bulletin, and was Chair of the thought might be of interest in these Friends of Orford Museum. Linda Clapham, Editor

22 Suffolk Preservation Society | Suffolk View | Winter 2015 | no 126 SPS Events Review

Ash Barn, Laxfield at either end. The owners, Ron and site is very fine. The development Ash Barn is a black weatherboard Moss Fuller, both artists and designers is a fascinating scheme divided into barn under a pantile roof with a steep decided that they would build a sections, the first group of buildings pitch typical of Mid-Suffolk but moves sustainable house on part of their now complete and these were on straight into the 21st century with garden, moving from their dark 16th show. It had been a Victorian Model its strong viridian green fenestration century traditional cottage. In April Farm built for Sir Richard Wallace in they welcomed members to view their 1875 and the old redundant working achievement. buildings were well worth saving. We Because of limited vehicle visited six dwellings of varying sizes, access a re-think on conventional all quite different but mainly open-plan foundations was required creating new in design. There are also common methodology with some new materials. areas planned for the residents – Upstairs the bedrooms at either end gardens, a golf range, picnic areas flood with light from floor-to-apex and a swimming pool. The remaining glazing, and a landing-cum-study area buildings are a complicated mix of and simple bathroom are included. granary, dairy (particularly lovely), Stepping from the kitchen at the rear coach house and stables, and will be of the property the twenty-first century converted later. is left behind. Through the vegetable Following a delicious lunch nearby garden into the ancient orchard there we went to Sudbourne Park, adjacent are bantams foraging in the long grass; to Chillesford Lodge, which had been it felt timeless, and turning to look back the Home Farm for the Hall. Here, at the house, it seemed to us to belong Sir Edward Greenwell had been in its setting. given planning permission to build a Ash Barn – allowing in the light. A side entrance Our group then gathered in the Low collection of eco-houses in half of the houses sustainable heating and water installations House, the wonderful village pub with walled garden in order to raise funds to calculated to refund investment in 8-9 years no bar but rooms containing ancient repair and restore the 530 acre estate, settles. The weather was to include tree planting and step and kind, so we all sat at a long walkway repairs particularly to its lake table in the garden to enjoy area. This will be open to the public 10 a good pub lunch and talk days a year. The planned new homes’ about a simple little house dimensions will be closely allied to with big complex ideas. those of the old greenhouses, being Report by Hattie Bawden, relatively low and sited against the SPS Babergh District garden walls, utilising solar panels and built with materials and in a design Sudbourne Park and which will relate to the walled garden’s Chillesford Lodge former use, see proposed design layout Chillesford Lodge and on page 9. The remainder of it will be Sudbourne Park were retained partly as lawns with flower visited on a beautiful day beds, and vegetable plots. Simple internal design. Ron designed the curved ash staircase that Altogether it was a most interesting rose from the main living room. in early May by nearly 40 people. day and the next stages of both The present owners developments will be well worth seeing George and Ali Watson at a later date. welcomed us advising that Report by Jo Rogers, SPS Suffolk Coastal their family had lived at the District Chair Lodge since 1918. They had been planning the Somerleyton Hall, Lowestoft development for six years Seventy members and friends joined and the apartments and us in July at Somerleyton Hall where houses created are most we spent the day as guests of Lord attractive and imaginatively Somerleyton. The Hall, much altered designed, using original by successive owners, is today the and reclaimed materials: enlarged and remodelled product of the the lovely mellow red brick renovations authorised by the being a special feature Victorian entrepreneur, Sir Samuel A ‘timeless’ prospect from a very modern home and the outlook from the Morton Peto. He chose Prince Albert’s

23 Suffolk Preservation Society | Suffolk View | Winter 2015 | no 126

Members enjoy talks, parkland with a view of an historic tours and the garden at house as back-drop, a prospect Somerleyton Hall in July emerged that would not have looked out of place in a Jane Austen novel. Our hosts together with the architect Nicholas Jacobs and the project manager Shaun Soanes gave nearly 50 members and friends a stimulatingly detailed overview of the property starting from its demise as a degraded and poorly maintained property which had lost its historical building integrity to its complete restoration today. The process had involved unpicking modern intrusive repairs; favourite sculptor, John Thomas, to Darsham House, Darsham modifying incongruous alterations oversee the renovations and conducted On a beautiful sunny afternoon at the and rectifying works to comply with tours of the principal rooms during the beginning of October, driving through nine enforcement orders – while lunch interval enabled us to appreciate wrought iron gates, down a sweeping undertaking historical research and the quality of the interior work. The tree-lined drive through extensive analysis to understand and reinstate main features of the day’s programme historical architectural design detail were two lectures, the Dowager Lady with accuracy and, in some cases, Somerleyton attending both. much pain-staking resourcing. The The morning lecture, given by result is an historic building restored Edward Martin, traced the history to the highest standard, a beautiful of the gardens which, like the Hall, home and possibly a venue for reflected the tastes of the owners and filmmakers looking for an ‘authentic’ their times. The period of ownership location. Unsurprisingly, the project by Sir John Wentworth, in the early received the SCDC Quality of Place 17th century, saw the creation of award in 2013. Congratulations to all some spectacular and unique gardens. involved and especially to the owners Of particular note was the formal to whom we are indebted for this planting of an area with 256 fir trees, insightful and enjoyable visit. Many evergreens being a novelty at that time. thanks also go to Events Organiser, Archaeologists have been able Elizabeth Clement for her excellent to identify many of the innovative arrangements once again, together elements found elsewhere – walks, with ‘team tea’ that did a sterling job ponds, islands and prospect mounts. in making the visit complete. The gardens were extensively altered Please see Suffolk View, Issue 123, by Peto and it is their restoration, ‘Heritage Matters’ on page 18 for with conservation of as many of the One group analysing the outside architectural a more detailed summary of the surviving earlier features as possible detail - some features now re-aligned restoration, with photographs. that was the subject of the afternoon talk, given by George Carter, the House placed in its setting of restored parkland with some trees re-instated with the original plan garden designer and historian engaged in this work. He described the major influence of evidence of former layout and planting on his decisions about how to sensitively create a contemporary garden. And those gardeners amongst us familiar with the name of the Tradescant family were fascinated to learn of their strong association with Somerleyton Park. Report by Elizabeth Clement, SPS Events Organiser

Editor’s note: a special thank you to the owners for allowing us into their home and to Elizabeth for the extensive arrangements in organising this splendid visit.

24 Suffolk Preservation Society | Suffolk View | Winter 2015 | no 126 Diary Dates Support and enjoy events while raising important funds for the SPS! Check the website for full details www.suffolksociety.org All SPS events are open to members and their guests unless stated otherwise. However, some events may take limited numbers for obvious reasons so early booking is advisable. Please book through the SPS office, unless an alternative is given - Little Hall, Market Place, Lavenham CO10 9QZ – 01787 24717 Cheques are payable to ‘SPS’ and upon receipt names will be placed on a list – no tickets will be issued. However, where tickets are necessary, and this will be indicated, please enclose a stamped-addressed envelope.

Sibton Park’s manor house, the 2015 EVENT 2016 EVENTS venue for our lecture, dates from 1827 and is a spectacular example of a CHRISTMAS EVENT Hosted by SPRING LECTURE Grade II* listed country house built SPS Suffolk Coastal District Sibton Park, a listed manor house to designs in the classical style by IP17 2LZ architect Decimus Burton. Ipswich, Rushmere – We are grateful to Lois Hunt for St. Alban’s Catholic High School, Wednesday, 27th April kindly allowing us to use Digby Road IP4 3HJ 6.30 pm for 7.00 pm this beautiful venue for our Cost with wine £17.50 fundraising lecture. Saturday, 12th December 11.30 am Speaker: MEMBERS’ VISIT Dr. James Bettley FSA Hosted by SPS Babergh District A Christmas Party with a difference “Pevsner’s Suffolk country houses, Lavenham – a morning visit to As a complete change we will visit from A to Z” view new domestic architecture the striking new sixth-form centre which was opened and dedicated James Bettley’s considerable May 10.00 am at the end of September 2015 by achievement has been to master (See website for date and directions) the Roman Catholic Bishop of East the mountains of new research that Anglia, the Right Rev. Alan Hopes. has emerged since publication in Cost for the visit £8.00 Craig Driver, Director of 1961 and to slip the salient material Maximum places 20 Hoopers Architects, will be with into place. The county that for us to talk about this exciting building Pevsner was “full of delights and The Halt project so please join us for this of temptation for study” has now pre-lunch get-together. Seasonal generated no fewer than eight pages An architect-led walk at The Halt, refreshments will be served in the of suggested further reading. James a development of 44 properties sixth form ‘coffee shop’. looks at some of Suffolk’s country on the former station yard; houses For cost and further details houses through Pevsner’s eyes, and and apartments, including some please refer to the website. compares what Pevsner saw in 1957 affordable units, designed by Hadleigh with the view today. architects Wincer Kievenaar.

Sibton Park 25 Suffolk Preservation Society | Suffolk View | Winter 2015 | no 126

Clay Hill Farmhouse – Letheringham Lodge

This new ‘country house’, is the only one of its type in Babergh District and is ‘deep green’ with autonomous systems. The house is currently under construction and due for completion in March 2016. An architect-led tour will include refreshments, a chance to speak with the owners, and a short presentation by Matt Bell, project architect at Modece Architects. Directions: please see website

SPS CIO ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING Lavenham Guildhall, CO10 9QZ

Members meeting

Friday, 3rd June 7.00 pm MEMBERS’ ONLY AUTUMN LECTURE Join the SPS trustees and fellow NUMBERS WILL BE LIMITED Bury St. Edmunds members to hear about its progress TICKET ENTRY – SAE PLEASE Unitarian Meeting House IP33 and direction over the last year. Give Heveningham Hall 1RH your support to help to attain the IP19 0PN very best for Suffolk. Garden Visit Friday, 21st October By kind invitation of 6.30 pm for 7.00 pm MEMBERS’ VISIT Mr. and Mrs. Jon Hunt Hosted by SPS Suffolk Coastal Lecture with wine £17.50 District Thursday, 14th July Speaker: Letheringham Lodge, 2.30 pm Dr. Sarah Pearson Woodbridge IP13 0NA Friday, 1st July Cost with refreshments £25.00 11.00 am and 3.00 pm Sarah read Art History gaining a fi rst-class BA and followed this with Cost £17.50 A talk and a tour of the lovely an MA in World Art Studies and a A talk and a tour of the moated gardens led by Kim Wilkie, PhD in Architectural History. She house, by kind invitation of Pauline international landscape architect, and Matthew Bickerton, will take is arranged at this Grade I retains active research interests place at – listed Palladian country house. in Italian art and architecture and 11.00 am and 3.00 pm with Heveningham was designed by 18th has been teaching and lecturing on refreshments Century English architects Sir Robert a variety of art and architectural Taylor and James Wyatt; its garden subjects since 2001 about which she Letheringham Lodge is an intriguing was designed by noted 18th-century is passionate. She will talk about – Grade II* timber-framed building on landscape artist Capability Brown and the smallest occupied moated site in is being restored by Kim Wilkie who “Maintaining a façade - Suffolk. The original 1472 structure is implementing a set of plans drawn the Georgianisation of Bury St. was square and jettied on all four up by Brown that had lain abandoned Edmunds” sides, with later additions in1610. since 1782. Congratulates to the owners on The town has many unique Georgian being awarded the Suffolk Coastal buildings, the fashion for this style District Council’s ‘Quality of Place’ made an impact across the country Conservation Award for the skilled but in Bury it is not understated: it restoration work they have enabled refl ected importance, wealth and on the building over the last two status in no small degree. years. The Grade 1 listed Unitarian Directions: the site is clearly Meeting House, our venue, was built marked on the B1078 between in1711, so not quite Georgian, but a Charsfi eld and Wickham market. unique building nevertheless.

26 Suffolk Preservation Society | Suffolk View | Winter 2015 | no 126 Market Place – Directory

HISTORIC RESTORATION SPECIALISTS • Flintwork - Brickwork • Wattle & Daub • Lath & Plaster • Brick & Stone Floors • Plaster Conservation • Timber Frames COMPLETE RESTORATION PROJECTS For more information: Call: 07772 509696 Email: [email protected] www.kgjlimecraft.co.uk Could this space be working  e for you? Pargetting Why not advertise with us through this Company publication and help support the Society. Traditional Plasterers & Pargetters, Size Cost per issue Scra tto Artists and Fresco Painters B/W Colour Full page £270 £343 Half page (133mm x 186mm) £166 £218 Quarter page (133mm x 90mm) £114 £135 Eighth page (64mm x 90mm) £83 £104 Banner (50mm x 186mm) £83 £104

Suffolk View is published twice a year with a circulation of around 2,000 per issue and is distributed free to all Members of the Suf- Bank St, Maidstone, Kent 1611 Restored by our specialist in 2010 folk Preservation Society/Campaign to Protect Rural England. In addition, copies are sent to the local media, the county and local planning authorities, professional bodies – architects, doctors and Working in the Art & Craft Tradition health centres, dentists, solicitors, veterinary clinics, the local me- Established 1971, a family tradition since 1926 dia and Suffolk Members of Parliament. It is also sent to libraries, parish councils and amenity societies across the county, plus all Tel: 01359 271779 County Branches of CPRE in England. For more information Mobile: 07748 880823 contact the editor/offi ce on 01787 247179. Web: www.pargettingcompany.com

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27 Suffolk Preservation Society | Suffolk View | Winter 2015 | no 126

Cubitt Theobald Ltd Chartered Building Company | Est. 1903

We can assist with all building projects from redecoration to a complete refurbishment or a new hand-made kitchen. Projects in East Anglia & London. R O S E M A RY C AT T E E Cubitt Theobald Ltd, I n t e r i o r D e s i g n St. Catherines Road, Long Melford, Sudbury, Suffolk CO10 9JU t: 01473 811780 m: 07957 535 589 e: [email protected] www.rosemarycattee.co.uk 01787 371 002 • www.cubitt.co.uk Image courtesy of Mulberry Home

S.J. SARGEANT CONTRACTS FENCING, LANDSCAPING & AGRICULTURAL SERVICES www.sjsargeantcontracts.co.uk

Stephen J Sargeant Robert M Sargeant M: 07747 011172 M: 07767 431671 P: 01787 210402 5 Church Road, Lindsey, E: [email protected] Ipswich,Suffolk, IP7 6PS

28 Suffolk Preservation Society | Suffolk View | Winter 2015 | no 126

FOSTERS, HARTEST HILL, HARTEST, SUFFOLK IP29 4ET Telephone:We are moving01284 830085 to Fax:newly 01284 converted 830425 Email: offices [email protected] in Hartest Our new address will be: Fosters, Hartest Hill, SUFFOLK IP29 4ET We specialise in high quality contemporary design and deep green construction methods that deliver carbon neutral buildings for the benefit of future generations. RIBA East BUILDING OF THE YEAR 2011 PPS7 Eco-house in Lavenham approved 2012 Our offices will demonstrate the design and construction we specialise in -

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To view some of our recent work visit our website: www.traditionaloakcarpentry.co.uk Rick Lewis Tel. 01449-782006 [email protected]

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89 Berners Street Ipswich IP1 3LN Telephone: 01473 221150 Fax: 01473 255550 E-mail: [email protected] www.njarchitects.co.uk

29 Suffolk Preservation Society | Suffolk View | Winter 2015 | no 126

30 Suffolk Preservation Society | Suffolk View | Winter 2015 | no 126 R&CS 2015 qtr page_Layout 1 17/03/2015 14:58 Page 1

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31 Little Hall Market Place Lavenham Suffolk CO10 9QZ Telephone (01787) 247179 Fax (01787) 248341 email [email protected] Hall, Market Place, Lavenham, Sudbury, Suffolk C010 9QZ Respecting the past, shaping the future www.suffolksociety.org tel: 01787 247179 www.suffolksociety.org A publication of the Suffolk Preservation Society

Suffolk View is the publication of the Suffolk Preservation Society The SPS ethos is to protect and enhance the quality of the countryside, towns and villages of Suffolk. Its work promotes protection for the built heritage and wider landscape and supports sustainable development while agitating for improved design in new build. SPS registered charity no 249981 County branch of CPRE With planning and conservation professionals based in Lavenham, and with the support of members throughout the County, it is well placed to take effective action through the planning system to retain the integrity of Suffolk for the benefit of everyone, and for future generations. It is the only non- political, independent charity in the County to represent this interest.

Please join today and become part of the action to protect Suffolk. www.suffolksociety.org