UKRAINE Capacity & Vulnerability Assessment

Toretsk Municipality, Government Controlled Area

November-December 2018 Introduction Methodology Armed conflict between the forces of the significantly. The assessment began with a secondary The populations of interest in this study are: Government of Ukraine (GoU) and opposition data review in order to identify the main internally displaced persons (IDPs), non- This Capacity and Vulnerability Assessment groups in the territory of Donbas will enter its service providers in the raion. REACH used displaced populations and service providers (CVA) monitors and analyses the challenges sixth year in 2019. The conflict is concentrated geospatial data from the main mapping in Toretsk Municipality. The research used identified during the Area-Based Assessment around the contact line separating the services in Ukraine to map the settlements of a stratified random sample with four strata (ABA) of July 20173. The key issues identified government controlled area (GCA) from the assessed area and identify the locations (Table 1). by the ABA of Toretsk were distance, cost of non-government controlled area (NGCA) of of service providers and catchement areas of transport and security risks while accessing The HH survey component of primary Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts.1 these providers. services. Using a network approach, this study data collection included 769 in-person HH The Municipality of Toretsk, officially known as also maps the basic service delivery capacities Primary data collection was conducted from interviews across settlements of Toretsk the Toretsk City Council2, is located along the at the facility level and access to services at 30th Nov – 14th Dec 2018, and included key Municipality located in the GCA. The sample contact line in the GCA of the Donetsk oblast. the household (HH) level in order to identify informant interviews (KIIs), community key is statistically representative of HHs in each In 2014, the main city of the area, Toretsk, barriers to service delivery and vulnerabilities informant interviews (CKIIs), Focus Group of the assessed strata with a 95% confidence experienced significant armed conflict resulting relating to household access. Discussions (FGDs) with enumerators, interval, and a 7% margin of error. Note that in the destruction of the city council building as and HH surveys. KIIs were conducted with findings from smaller subsets may have a The basic services assessed in this CVA well as serious damage to infrastructure and representatives of service providers in Toretsk lower level of confidence and a wider margin are: education, healthcare, social, and civil housing. At the time of this assessment Municipality to assess the impact of the of error. administrative services, and food markets, (Nov-Dec 2018), some settlements continued conflict on service provision and identify any non-food item (NFI) markets, construction Limitations to be exposed to regular shelling, creating markets, banks, ATMs, post offices, and current challenges faced in providing services. ongoing security concerns for the local Some KIs interviewed were not working pharmacies. Data is disaggregated by rural REACH conducted HH surveys to assess population. for their facility in 2013 and hence were and urban areas as well as whether a facility perceptions of changes in the availability and unaware of the issues faced at that time. Before the conflict, in order to access basic or household is within 5km of the contact line quality of services since 2013. Following field Consequentially, in those cases, comparisons services, people often travelled using (5km) or beyond 5km of the contact line (>5km). visits, enumerators participated in workshops of the humanitarian situation in 2013 and 2018 convenient rail connections to large hubs The study further compares perceptions of in order to share their direct observations were a challenge. On questions related to the such as Horlivka and Donetsk, now both in the change in service provision and access of the conditions of each facility. The data provision of services, some responses may be the NGCA. By 2018, Toretsk had become from 2013 to 2018. The findings will be used collection for CKIIs used a purposive sampling slightly under-reported as respondents may one of the biggest cities located in proximity to inform humanitarian and development aid method. Pensioners, strategic professionals have believed it would increase their likelihood to the contact line, consequently the pressure providers in their support of basic service and service providers were interviewed: of receiving assistance, especially at a facility on service providers in this area increased delivery. three in rural and five in urban settlements. CKIs reported on the community’s access to level regarding the availability of equipment. Primary data collection methods Table 1. HH survey sample services and the occurrence of shelling in their To mitigate this potential bias, REACH Household (HHs) Surveys 769 Stratum 1 Stratum 2 Sample size community. Using a network approach, REACH enumerators briefed respondents prior to data Urban* 5km 206 also mapped perceptions of change of HHs’ collection that participating would not directly lead to humanitarian assistance. In addition, Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) 81* Urban >5km 200 access to services, comparing perceptions of access in 2013 to access in 2018, identifying responses regarding security incidents and Key Informant Interviews Rural 5km 190 extra burdens on service providers. Annex A shortages may potentially be under reported Community (CKIIs) 62 Rural >5km 173 contains a more detailed methodology note on due to the normalisation of security issues as Workshops with enumerators 20 *Note: settlements in Ukraine are officially classified as “village,” “urban- the network approach employed. a result of the protracted nature of the conflict. type village,” or “city.” This assessment classifies villages as rural and *Some key informants were interviewed regarding multiple facilities urban-type villages/cities as urban.

1 Map 1. Assessed Settlements in Toretsk Municipality Berestok Bila Hora Kodema

Slovianskyi raion Luhanska oblast Ivanopillia Kurdiumivka Mykolaivka Bakhmutskyi raion Popasnianskyi Druha Stepanivka Donetska oblast raion Dyliivka

Bakhmutskyi raion Pleshchiivka Kostiantynivskyi raion Dobropilskyi Nelipivka Ozarianivka raion

Dacha Pokrovskyi raion Kostiantynivskyi Dyliivka NGCA raion Yablunivka Yasynuvatskyi raion Dachne Yablunivka Kleban-Byk Yablunivka Hladosove Travneve Katerynivka Oleksandro-Kalynove Krymske

Druzhba Zaitseve

Holmivskyi Pivnichne Shcherbynivka Toretsk Maiorske Kostiantynivskyi Petrivka raion

Shumy 4+9+7+5+2+3

Leonidivka Pivdenne Romanivka Zalizne Zoria Settlements

Nelipivka Assessed Not assessed Yasynuvatskyi raion No data Hnativka Horlivka Toretsk Urban Shumy Rural Stara Sukha Balka Novhorodske Horlivska Mykolaivka AssessmeHorlntivka failure reason:

Security issues 2+11+6+5+4+3

Valentynivka Yurivka Checkpoint Contact Line (OCHA, as of August 2018)

Kalynove 5km area Panteleimonivka Shyroka Balka NGCA Toretsk city council 0 12345 Km Oleksandropil

2 W Population The residents of Toretsk Municipality Figure 1. Population geographic distribution Map 2. Population (estimated population - 68,636 people) face consistent conflict-related challenges as the Kurdiumivka proportion of people living within 5 km of the contact line (90%), greatly outweighs the Ozarianivka Bakhmutskyi population living beyond 5 km (10%) (Figure raion Kostiantynivskyi 1). Moreover, as illustrated in Map 2, almost raion Dyliivka all of the area's largest cities (more than 5000 9+1873A Dachne residents), are located within the 5km zone. 75+ Urban >5km Krymske Consequentially, residents of more remote and 4% 2%9% Druzhba smaller settlements are likely to be exposed to Rural >5km 1% Toretsk Shcherbynivka Pivnichne various protection risks when visiting important 61-75 Urban 5km 14% 10%87% administrative and service provision centers in Maiorske Rural 5km 3% Petrivka the cities. Shumy 46-60 15% 9% Zalizne Pivdenne Overall, Toretsk Municipality is highly Figure 2. Population pyramid (>5km) Leonidivka urbanised (96% of the population concentrated

4+9+7+5+2+3 1+5+6+5+4+3 Nelipivka in the cities, Figure 1) due to the historic 31-456% 75+8% 7% 2% economic orientation towards mining rather Yasynuvatskyi 18% 61-75 9% raion than agriculture, with the coal industry leading 16-30 7% 7% Novhorodske 14% 46-60 12% Sukha Balka Reported population in assessed its economy. settlements (persons) 75+8% 31-45 9% n l 4% 2% ba ra With regard to reported age groups, the highest Valentynivka Yurivka ur ru proportion of residents are aged between 61 0-154% 16-308% 8% 7% less than 1000 1000 - 5000 and 75 years (Figure 2 and 3), followed by pre- 61-755% 0-1514% 10% 6% more than 5000 pensioners (46-60 years), both of which can be Female Male 0 24 considered to be among the most vulnerable Km groups owing to low pensions, lack of job 46-60 15% 9% Figure 3. Population pyramid (5km) opportunities and age-related common health Table 2. Estimated population of the largest Inaccessible settlements due to restrictions on 2+11+6+5+4+3 1+7+5+4+3+4 issues. These findings indicate that there is a 31-45 8% 7% assessed settlements movement 4% 75+ 2% trend towards working-age populations leaving Toretsk 32,873 61-75 14% - Zalizne this once economically productive region to 22% 16-30 46-607% 7% 8% - Pivdenne seek better jobs. 11% Novhorodske 10,373 9% 31-45 7% - Shumy 0-15 8% 8% 6% 16-30 5% Pivnichne 9,705 5% 0-15 7% Female Male Shcherbynivka 3,495

3 ] Vulnerability & Displacement This section analyses the key characteristics of of HHs having at least one member with Figure 9. Most reported types of HoHH relatively low, amounting to 6% of HHs with at the vulnerabilities and displacement status of a vulnerability was relatively high at 81% disability (of those reporting disability)4 least one displaced or returned member. This 83+4+ the population residing in Toretsk Municipality (Figure 6). As illustrated in Figure 7, the Physical 86% low proportion might suggest that due to the so as to provide a better understanding of the most cited types of HoHH vulnerability were Mental 4% security situation and labor market, Toretsk most vulnerable groups’ needs. being a pensioner (66%); having a chronic 9 Municipality does not have a significant Other 9% illness (12%) and having a disability (10% pull factor for IDPs. As Figures 10 and 11 Females were much more likely than males registered disability vs. 1% non-registered demonstrate, the number of returnees was to be a head of household (HoHH) (60%, (80%), lack of documents (3%), and difficult disability). HoHHs who had a non-registered slightly higher in urbanised settlements of Figure 4). It is important to note that the vast procedure (1%) (Figure 8). Most HoHHs with vulnerability reported the following reasons for Toretsk Municipality, while HHs with officially majority of female HoHHs reported having a a disability stated having a physical disability not registering: benefits were less than current registered as well as non-registered IDPs vulnerability (80%), compared to 67% of male (86%, Figure 9). Overall, such high numbers ones (95%), benefits were not worth the effort were twice as likely in rural areas. HoHHs (Figure 5). In addition, the proportion clearly indicate that the majority of HoHHs in Toretsk Municipality belong to vulnerable Figure 6. Proportion of HHs having at least one Figure 4. HoHH gender distribution groups, potentially impacting their ability to member with a vulnerability earn livelihoods or care for their HH members. The proportion of internally displaced persons 81% have a vulnerability \ 40% (IDPs) across Toretsk Municipality was ^ 60% 81+19+A Figure 7. Most reported types of HoHH Figure 11. HHs with at least one member Figure 10. Proportion of HoHH that are IDPs/ 60+40A vulnerability4 having IDP or returnee status 66+12+10+1+1 Returnees Pensioner 66% Rural HHs Rural HHs Figure 5. Proportion of HoHHs with a Chronic illness 12% 3% IDPs (official status) vulnerability Disability (official) 10% 2% IDPs 2% Returnees (no status) Female-headed HHs Disability (unofficial) 1% 1% Returnees 1% IDPs (no status) 97% Non-displaced 94% Non-displaced Single parent (official) 1% 2+197+A 3+294+A 80% have a vulnerability Figure 8. Main reasons for non-registration of Urban HHs Urban HHs HoHHs with vulnerability4 80+20+A 75+60+3+1 2% IDPs Male-headed HHs Benefits less than current ones 95% 2% IDPs (official status) 3% Returnees 4% Benefits not worth the effort 80% Returnees (no status) 95% Non-displaced 94% Non-displaced Lack of documents 3% 67% have a vulnerability 2+95+3A 2+4+94+A 67+33+A Hard procedure 1%

4 & Protection Risks

In addition to pre-existing vulnerabilities Figure 13. Hearing shelling as most reported Map 3. HHs reporting shelling when accessing services security concerns when accessing services4 and economic hardship, conflict-affected 99+95+83+70 Kurdiumivka populations living in Toretsk Municipality face Rural 5km 99% daily security risks. For example, enumerators Rural >5km 95% Bakhmutskyi stated that it was common to hear shelling in Ozarianivka raion Urban 5km 83% Kostiantynivskyi most assessed localities, which is supported raion Urban >5km 70% by the findings of HH surveys showing that Dyliivka 82% of respondents heard shelling in their Dachne settlements. Ninety-nine per cent (99%) of Krymske HHs in rural areas within the 5km zone, and the risks to their safety. In general, Zalizne, Druzhba

95% of rural HHs beyond 5km reported hearing Pivdenne and Shumy are reportedly subjected Shcherbynivka Toretsk Pivnichne Maiorske shelling. (Figure 13). In urban settlements the to shelling most frequently. The armed conflict, Petrivka percentages were slightly smaller, yet still highly active in this area, potentially exposes Shumy Pivdenne significantly high, 83% within 5 km and 70% residents to an increased risk of physical harm Leonidivka beyond 5 km of the contact line. During FGDs, and psychological trauma. Zalizne enumerators noted that there was military Figure 12 represents the number of security Nelipivka personnel in some of the settlements. Yasynuvatskyi incidents between January 2018 and raion In Leonidivka, children reportedly had to December 2018 along the contact line in Novhorodske Shelling occurence go to school on foot to a nearby settlement, Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts, showing a sharp Sukha Balka (as reported by community key informants) Shcherbynivka, by means of a bridge that increase in April and incidences remaining Weekly has sustained severe damage, increasing high for the remainder of the year5. According Valentynivka Yurivka Irregular

Not last 3 months 5 Figure 12. Security incidents over time 0 2.55 Not sufficient data Km to CKIs, the settlement that was shelled most Settlements with the most protection concerns frequently is Pivdenne, whereas most of the reported in accessing services* settlements were not under shelling the three - Toretsk months prior to the assessment. - Pivnichne - Novhorodske 3 - Shcherbynivka - Druzhba *All protection concerns related to the conflict: seeing and hearing of shelling, mined fields and land mines.

5 ! Capacity of Social Service Providers The following section is based on the data Figure 14. Number of assessed facilities with Map 4. Key informant reported damage to social service facilities regarding social service capacities gathered an increase in caseload since 2013 during seven KIIs conducted in the social 4 Significantly service facilities in the city of Toretsk. increased Bakhmutskyi As Table 3 indicates, in Toretsk the most 2 Increased raion Kostiantynivskyi available reported social services from local raion providers were: registration of vulnerability 1 The same status, issuing of supporting documents and 57+2914+A payments of social benefits. Essential services such as restoring documents and in-home One out of seven facilities reported lacking support were provided by one social centre, necessary supplies to function properly, Toretsk where the staff reported facing the following specifically computers and office furniture, as 2 3 2 Maiorske security concerns: hearing, seeing and, at reported by KIs. times, being under shelling on the journey from the facility to HHs. As Map 4 illustrates, KIs reported only two social service facilities in Toretsk city remained Table 3. Social services offered untouched throughout the conflict, while two Yasynuvatskyi were reported as being fully destroyed and raion Service # of facilities moved, three were reportedly damaged but then renovated. Issuing supporting documents 3 Reported social facility Regarding the caseload, two out of seven damage level Legalisation of vulnerable status 3 Fully destroyed and moved KIs from social service facilities reported an Damaged and fully renovated Payments of social benefits 2 increase in cases compared to 2013 and Untouched KIs from four facilities reported that their 0 24 2 Number of facilities Restoring documents 1 caseload had increased significantly (Figure Km (symbol without the number represents one facility) 14). Moreover, three KIs reported not being Job search support 1 able to manage the increased workload due to capital expenditures, two facilities reportedly Figure 15. Number of assessed social service struggled to pay operational costs and two facilities with lack of FTE positions In-home support 1 unfilled Full Time Equivalent (FTE) positions in 2018 (Figure 15), while in 2013 the workload could not cope with the cost of services (not Training for unemployment 1 was manageable in all assessed facilities. including utilities). Overall, increased workload and security Other* 5 Only one out of seven KIs in assessed social 3 lack of FTE positions concerns only complicated the situation for *Registration of residence, deregistering residence list, working with IDPs, centres stated that they were able to cover registering IDPs, working with families who had a member in the anti- all expenses, while five were unable to cover service providers in Toretsk Municipality, who terrorist operations, registering children as 'child of war'. were already experiencing issues meeting 43+57+A demand for social services prior to the conflict.

6 ! Access to Social Services (Vulnerabilities)

The following section focuses on the Table 4. Dissatisfaction with social services by Table 5. HHs reported travelling distance to Figure 20. Proportion of HHs reporting that challenges faced by HHs when accessing vulnerability type their social services facility public transport is unreliable Rural Urban social services in Toretsk Municipality. 2013 2018 Rural Urban Rural Urban 5km 5km >5km >5km Almost three quarters (74%) of HHs cited HH with 3 or more children 48% 96% 16% 3% the need for receiving social services like Pensioner 19% 33% <1km 0% 17% 0% 2% pensions and benefits, supporting doccuments Disability (official) 22% 46% 1-5km 16% 59% 4% 10% 16+84+A 3+97+A and legalisation of vulnerability status. By 6-20km 77% 15% 80% 77% comparison, 67% of respondents reported Disability (unofficial) 93% 97% An equal number of HHs (77%) living in rural having needed such services in 2013. This Chronic illness 68% 71% >20km 1% 1% 5% 9% settlements within 5 km and those living in increase might be seen as a consequence of Don't know 11% 8% 12% 6% urban settlements beyond 5 km had to travel higher aid dependence and the general trend reported hearing shelling on their way to social from 6 to 20 kilometres to reach their social of an aging population. facilities as well as 94% of those living in rural registered disabilities, chronic illnesses and facility. An even higher percentage (80%) areas beyond 5 km. In order to reach social HHs with 3 or more children reported the of rural populations beyond 5 km had to The following percentages (including tables facilities 4% of HHs reported having to cross a lowest levels of satisfaction with the services overcome the same distance. In addition, 86% and figures) are of subset of HHs that reported GCA checkpoint. in social facilities. The comparison over time of rural HHs relied on a paid bus as the main accessing social services. shows the most significant discrepancy in means of transport to get to facilities. However, As demonstrated in Figure 17, HHs' level A substantial proportion of HHs (75%) reported dissatisfaction rates between 2013 and 2018 16% of rural HHs reported that public transport of dissatisfaction with social services in hearing shelling when accessing social among HHs with 3 or more children (from 48% was unreliable (Figure 20). Overall, the main Toretsk Municipality almost doubled in services as the main security concern (Figure to 96%). Long queues, complex procedures reasons for unreliability of transport were: bus 2018 compared to 2013, 34% and 18% 16). Most notably, all respondents residing in and bad staff attitude were listed as the main absence (71%), schedule failure (55%), the respectively. Specifically, people with non- rural settlements within 5 km of the contact line reasons for dissatisfaction, with slightly higher weather (29%) and bus conditions (27%) as Figure 18. Most commonly reported reasons percentages in urban settlements, while rural shown in Figure 19. Figure 16. Proportion of HHs reporting hearing 4 for dissatisfaction with social services populations were more dissatisfied with the As shown in Maps 5 and 6, access to the main shelling when accessing services 82 distance and quality of staff (Figure 18). social service provision settlements, Horlivka Long lines 82% +76+

76% 0+59+ Figure 19. Most reported reasons for and Donetsk, is disrupted by the ongoing unreliability of transport4 conflict, resulting in an additional burden 71+55+29+27+19+9+3 75% Complex procedure 59% 39 Not coming 71% on the city of Toretsk. Compared to 2013, 39% +0+32 75+25+A Bus is frequently late 55% it is noteworthy that in 2018 the residents of Figure 17. Proportion of HHs reporting Distance 32% +68+ Druzhba travelled to Kramatorsk to access 68% 0+59 Depends on weather 29% dissatisfaction with social services social services, covering approximately 60 km. Conditions of bus 27% 34% 59% +46 Staff attitude Frequency 19% Overall, social services appeared to be 18% 46% +0+4 accessible, but HH reports highlight serious Waiting till gets full 9% protection risks and an increased level of 2% +6 Quality of staff Bad roads 1% 36+68 3% +6 dissatisfaction compared to 2013. 10 2013 10 2018 10+Urban 10+Rural No schedule 3% 7 Map 5. Access to social services network 2013 Map 6. Access to social services network 2018 2013 2018 ² Kramatorsk !(!

Bakhmutskyi Bakhmutskyi raion raion

Kurdiumivka Kurdiumivka !( !(

Ozarianivka Ozarianivka !( !( Dyliivka Dyliivka !( Dachne !( Dachne !( !( Krymske Krymske !( !( (! Druzhba (! Druzhba Shcherbynivka Toretsk Shcherbynivka Toretsk (! !Z (! Pivnichne (! !Z (! Pivnichne !( Petrivka !( Petrivka Pivdenne Pivdenne !( Leonidivka !( !( !( (! !( (! Zalizne Zalizne Nelipivka Nelipivka Kostiantynivskyi Kostiantynivskyi raion raion !( (! (! !( Sukha Balka Novhorodske Sukha Balka !(! Novhorodske Horlivka Valentynivka !( !( Horlivka !( !( Yurivka Valentynivka Yurivka

Yasynuvatskyi raion

Service availability within the settlement !( available !( not available Yasynuvatskyi Level of importance raion (providing service to other settlements) Z primary provider 0 2.55 !(! ! secondary provider Km Donetsk connection to service

8 % Capacity of Education Facilities This section presents an overview of Figure 21. Proportion of education facilities Map 7. Key Informant reported damage to education facilities education providers' capacity as well as the with FTE positions unfilled main challenges faced by them as reported Kurdiumivka by KIs working in the education facilities. The sample comprised of 32 facilities of which 28 Bakhmutskyi raion were within 5 km of the contact line. 9% have unfilled FTE positions Kostiantynivskyi raion Educational services such as psychological support and education for children with 9+91+A disabilities were more available at schools Druzhba located in urban areas than in rural areas, over 5 km. In addition, 40% of KIs reported 2 as shown in Table 6. According to KIs, of Toretsk consistently hearing shelling on their journey. Shcherbynivka Pivnichne 3 the facilities that provided education for Petrivka 3 3 9 Maiorske children with disabilities, 63% provided in- In 2018, KIs from 71% of education facilities 2 home education services for children with located within 5 km area reported serving Zalizne disabilities, 79% could organize inclusive persons from other settlements. This classes (children with and without a disability) proportion remains unchanged from 2013. and one was a specialized schools. In order Just over half (53%) of assessed schools Yasynuvatskyi to provide in-home service, teachers from 7% raion provided education for free both in 2013 and of facilities reportedly had to cover distances Novhorodske 2018. Lunch was provided in all assessed 5 2 Reported education facility schools, of which 3% provided lunch for free to damage level Table 6. Proportion of education facilities all pupils, whereas 97% of facilities provided it Damaged and partially renovated offering services by area type for free only to particular categories. Damaged and fully renovated Untouched Service Rural Urban In terms of FTE positions, 9% of KIs (from 0 2.55 2 Number of facilities 3 out of 32 facilities) complained that not Km (symbol without the number represents one facility) all positions were occupied due to lack of Medical support 100% 100% qualified candidates (from 2 out of 3 facilities) Map 7 shows that several education facilities The main features of the educational sector's in Toretsk and Zalizne were damaged capacities was an inability to provide free Education for children and low salary (1 out of 3 facilities). Moreover, 50% 77% with disabilities KIs from 6 out of 32 facilities reported not and only partially renovated. According to education by almost a half of the estimated having enough FTE positions to manage the KIs, 54% of schools located in urban type institutions in the area affected by the conflict Social-pedagogical 50% 50% current workload. However, since 2013 the settlements within 5 km of the contact line while 3 of the facilities had unfilled FTE support caseload has not changed for 92% of urban were not damaged throughout the conflict, positions. facilities within 5 km of the contact line and 31% of facilities were reportedly damaged but Psychological support 50% 87% even decreased in 50% of assessed urban fully renovated and 15% that were reportedly facilities located beyond 5 km. damaged (4 facilities) were partially renovated.

9 % Access to Education (Vulnerabilities) This section outlines findings on HHs' access 5 km of the contact line. However, almost and 3% were dissatisfied with the number of Almost a third of HHs reported not being able to educational facilities. Across the assessed half (48%) of those HHs noted movement teachers (Figure 23). Disaggregation by HoHH to buy all the needed school supplies (Figure area, 10% of HHs reported utilising schools of children is impeded by unreliability of the vulnerability reveals a notable discrepancy in 24), which might hamper children's attendance and 5% reported accessing kindergartens. public or private bus, listing such reasons as dissatisfaction rate among vulnerable groups and success at school. Overall, 13% of HHs in Toretsk Municipality delays (91%), the bus not appearing despite (Figure 25). For instance, families with 3 Table 7. Proportion of education facilities had children of school age (6-18 years old) the fixed schedule (45%), bad conditions children and more expressed the highest level offering services in 2013 and 2018 reported by and the following data (including figures and (36%), and weather dependency (27%). of dissatisfaction (47%), while those who do not HHs tables) refers to the subset of the sample HHs also reported hearing shelling (97%) have a vulnerability were the least unsatisfied Service 2013 2018 composed of HHs that accessed education and perceiving mined fields (3%) as security (8%). The rates among both groups remained facilities. concerns on the way to school (Figure 22). constant over a period of five years. Unlike Medical support 98% 99% 2013, just over a quarter (26%) of HoHHs As illustrated in Maps 8 and 9, pressure on Overall, 15% of HHs appeared to be with a registered disability were concerned Psychological support 69% 77% Toretsk city as a primary service provider dissatisfied with educational services, with about the inadequacy of educational service has increased since 2013, while educational 95% of respondents listing low quality of After-school care 78% 68% provided. Similarly, the dissatisfaction rate services became unavailable in Nelipivka. At teaching as the main reason. A quarter of HHs among pensioners doubled to 32% between the same time, pupils from Pivnichne started also mentioned bad physical conditions, 23% Extra-curricular activities 75% 64% 2013 and 2018. to attend a school in Druzhba. Bakhmut also complained of poor quality of management Social-pedagogical support 18% 28% became a provider of educational services for Figure 24. Ability of HHs to buy the necessary Figure 22. Most reported security concerns by HHs from Ozarianivka and Kurdiumivka. All of school supplies Education for children with HH when accessing education services4 5% 15% these findings signal changes in the education disabilities 97+3 networks of access in Toretsk Municipality. Heard shelling 97% cannot afford school Mine risk education 1% 64% 30% Mined fields 3% supplies Comparing 2013 and 2018, there has been Did not use any of listed 0% 0% a significant increase in the percentage 30+70+A services of offered mine risk education, social- pedagogical support and education for Figure 23. Most reported reasons for HH Figure 25. HH dissatisfaction67% with education services by HoHH vulnerability type* children with disabilities, whereas there was a dissatisfaction with education service in 20184 62% 62% 64% slight drop in the proportion of schools offering services such as after-school care and extra- 95+25+23+3 30% 34% 31% curricular activities (Table 7). Quality of teaching staff 95% 27% Quality of venue 25% HHs residing within 5 km of the contact line and those living in urban settlements (>5 km) were Quality of management 23% 4747% +47+0+0+47% 1616% +32+0+0+32% 00% +26+0+0+26% 88% +88% more likely to report travelling to educational Quantity of teaching staff 3% Female headedFamily with 3 PensionerPensioner DisabilityDisability (official) (official)No vulnerabilityNo vulnerability households facilities by foot, while free bus (73%) and paid children and more 2013 2018 bus (19%) were the most frequently reported *Question permitted multiple responses means of transport for rural HHs living beyond * Respondents answering N/A were not taken into account in the calculation.

10 Map 8. Access to education network 2013 Map 9. Access to education network 2018

Bakhmut 2013 2018 !(! ²

Kostiantynivka Kostiantynivka !(! !(! Bakhmutskyi Bakhmutskyi raion raion

Oleksandro-Shultyne !(! Zelenopillia Zelenopillia ! ! Kurdiumivka !(! !( Kurdiumivka !(! !(

!( !( Ozarianivka Ozarianivka Dyliivka !( Dyliivka !( Dachne !( Krymske Krymske !( Druzhba !( !( !Z Druzhba Shcherbynivka Shcherbynivka Toretsk !(! !Z !(! Pivnichne !(! !Z !(! Pivnichne Petrivka !(! Toretsk Petrivka !(! Pivdenne !( Leonidivka !( !( Pivdenne Nelipivka !( !Z !( !(! Zalizne Nelpi ivka Zalizne

Kostiantynivskyi Kostiantynivskyi raion Sukha Balka raion !(! !(! !( Novhorodske Horlivka Sukha Balka !( Novhorodske Horlivka !( !( !( Yurivka Valentynivka Yurivka

Yasynuvatskyi raion

Service availability within the settlement !( available !( not available Yasynuvatskyi Level of importance raion (providing service to other settlements) Z primary provider 0 2.55 ! secondary provider Km connection to service

11 + Health Facility Capacities The following section covers the findings on Table 8. Proportion of facilities reporting Map 10. Key Informant reported damage to health facilities capacities of healthcare facilities from the unavailable medical supplies perspective of KIs in Toretsk Municipality. The Medical supplies 2013 2018 Kurdiumivka interviews with KIs were conducted in 21 health IV system 60% 60% facilities. Healthcare facilities provide medical Bakhmutskyi Gloves 60% 20% raion services such as primary (71%), secondary Bandage 40% 20% Kostiantynivskyi (24%) and ambulance care (5%) across raion Toretsk Municipality, although all assessed Beds 40% 80% secondary hospitals (five) were concentrated Syringes 0% 40% in Toretsk city. Cotton 0% 20%

Toretsk Overall, 38% of KIs reported some basic Ethanol 0% 40% Shcherbynivka Pivnichne medications as not being available in the three 9 3 Maiorske months prior to the assessment. Of these, 88% specialists had left the community because of the conflict. Moreover, 64% of KIs reported reported missing antibiotics, 38% painkillers, Zalizne 25% hypersensitive drugs, 25% cough drugs, their caseload had increased since 2013 and 13% insulin and 13% anti-febrile. As for had further contributed to issues faced by 2 healthcare facilities, particularly within the 5 medical supplies, almost a quarter (24%) of Yasynuvatskyi KIs reported missing items such as beds, IV km area. raion Novhorodske Reported health facility systems, syringes and ethanol (Table 8). In The majority of KIs reported their facilities Sukha Balka damage level contrast to 2013, the need for beds, syringes not being able to cover the expenditure Damaged and not renovated and ethanol increased for the greatest associated with capital (67%) and operational Damaged and partially renovated proportion of facilities. In terms of medical (52%) costs, services except of utilities (29%), Damaged and fully renovated equipment (Figure 26), 43% of KIs reported utilities (10%) and salaries (5%). Untouched not being equipped sufficiently, of which 44% 0 24 2 Number of facilities Km (symbol without the number represents one facility) required a cardiograph, 22% needed ECG and All rural and half of urban healthcare service MRI machines, and 11% lacked scales and providers located beyond 5 km of the contact Figure 26. Proportion of facilities reporting renovated. Most often, windows, doors 4 defibrillators. line, as well as in 41% of urban hospitals within structural infrastructure, and laboratories medical equipment needed44+22+22+ 5 km were observed by enumerators not to Cardiograph 44% Compared to social and educational sectors a needed to be repaired as a result of the conflict. have access for people with disabilities. Glucometer 22% much higher percentage (43%) of KIs reported Overall, the capacities of health facilities having unfilled FTE positions in the assessed As indicated in Map 10, two facilities in Sukha were limited due to insufficient medication ECG 22% 22+11+11 healthcare facilities, mostly because of the Balka and Pivnichne had not been renovated and equipment supplies, lack of qualified MRI 22% lack of qualified candidates. Fifty-six percent after being damaged in the course of the staff, increased caseload and conflict-induced Defibrillator 11% conflict. Those located in Kurdiumivka and (56%) of KIs reported that the shortage of damages. Scales 11% medical workers was mainly due to the fact that Toretsk (3 facilities) had only been partially

12 + Access to Healthcare (Vulnerabilities) This section outlines the main health-related Figure 28. Most reported reasons for HHs not Figure 30. Different medical care costs incurred by proportion of HH's 67% vulnerabilities experienced by HHs by accessing health care services in the 3 months 62% 62% 64% analysing the findings on access to medical prior to data collection4 55+40+10 facilities in Toretsk Municipality. 34% Did not need 55% 30% 27% 31% As shown in Figure 28, HHs that had not Self-treatment 40% visited medical facilities in the three months Had no money 10% prior to assessment (34%) reported the reason 1+5+0+0+53+46+0+0+77% +6+0+0+6% 18+10 1% 5% 53% 46% 18% 10% Female headed Pensioner Disability (official) No vulnerability to be lack of need (55%), self-treatment (40%) F r e e m e d i c a l Paid for medicines Paid for all Paid for absent households and inability to pay for the services (10%). Generally, HoHHs with vulnerabilities care and supplies items reported different levels of satisfaction with 2013 2018 The following data (except table 30 which the services provided. As shown in Figure 31, refers to all HHs) refers to the subset of the HoHHs with 3 or more children expressed the visiting health facilities (Figure 27). such as medicines in stock. As Maps 11 and sample composed of HHs that accessed 12 illustrate, the disrupted connections with highest dissatisfaction rate (98%) in 2018, Overall, since 2013, HH expenditure on healthcare facilities in the three months prior Donetsk and Horlivka increased pressure on which is approximately twice as high as in medical care costs has decreased as reported to data collection. Kramatorsk, Kostiantynivka, Druzhkivka and 2013 (47%). Furthermore, compared to 2013 by HHs recalling the three months prior to data Bakhmut primary care providers which are The level of dissatisfaction with the accessibility there was a substantial increase in the share collection. The proportion of HHs reporting located beyond Toretsk area. On the other of healthcare services was generally high of dissatisfied HoHHs among all vulnerable free medical care has increased from 1% to hand, medical facilities in several settlements across Toretsk Municipality, with 35% of HHs groups: 78% (up from 57%) of chronically ill 5%. The proportion of HHs reporting paying in Toretsk Municipality, namely Petrivka, reporting dissatisfaction. Figure 29 shows people, 46% (up from 29%) of people with a all or part of medical costs has decreased Ozarianivka and Druzhba, which were not that respondents were least satisfied with the registered disability and 36% (up from 21%) (Figure 30). However, this could be due to available in 2013, became available in 2018 quantity of doctors, reported by 62%, level of of pensioners. In addition, female-headed HHs medical care facilities covering more of HHs' (Maps 11 and 12). staff qualification and insufficient equipment were more dissatisfied with health services in expenses or medical facilities not having items (45% each), attitude of staff (30%) and 2013 than in 2018, 21% and 36% respectively. Figure 31. HH dissatisfaction with healthcare services by HoHH vulnerability type* distance to the facility (18%). In terms of security concerns, 75% of HHs 67% reported consistently hearing shelling while 62% 62% 64%

Figure 29. Most commonly reported reasons Figure 27. Proportion of HHs reporting hearing 34% 4 30% 31% 4 for HH dissatisfaction with health care service 27% shelling when accessing health facilities 62+45+45+30+18 Quantity of doctors 62% Quality of medical staff 45% 4747% +98+0+0+98% 2121% +36+0+0+36% 5757%+78+0+0+78% 1212%+2424% 75% Heard shelling Lack of equipment 45% Female headedFamily with 3 or PensionerPensioner ChronicDisability illness (official)No vulnerabilityNo vulnerability households Attitude 30% more children 75+25A Distance to facility 18% 2013 2018 * Respondents answering N/A were not taken into account in the calculation.

13 Map 11. Access to healthcare network 2013 Map 12. Access to healthcare network 2018

Bakhmut Chasiv Yar Bakhmut 20132! 018 ! ! !( !( !( ² Kramatorsk Kramatorsk !(! !Z

Russian Russian Federation Federation !(! !(!

Kostiantynivka Kostiantynivka !(! !(!

Bakhmutskyi raion Bakhmutskyi raion Kurdiumivka !(! !(! Kurdiumivka

Ozarianivka !( !( Ozarianivka Dyliivka Druzhkivka Dyliivka !(! !( Dachne !( !( Krymske Krymske !( !( !( Druzhba !( Druzhba Shcherbynivka Toretsk Shcherbynivka !(! !Z !(! Pivnichne !(! !Z !(! Pivnichne !( !( Toretsk Petrivka Pivdenne Petrivka Pivdenne Leonidivka !( !( Leonidivka !( !(

!(! !(! !( !( Nelipivka Zalizne Zalizne Nelipivka Kostiantynivskyi Kostiantynivskyi raion raion !Z !(! ! Novhorodske Sukha Balka !( Sukha Balka !(! Novhorodske !(! Valentynivka !( !( Horlivka !( !( Horlivka Yurivka Valentynivka Yurivka

Yasynuvatskyi raion

Service availability within the settlement !( available !( not available Yasynuvatskyi Level of importance raion (providing service to other settlements) Z primary provider 0 2.55 !Z ! secondary provider Km Donetsk connection to service

14 O Employment

This section focuses on the main trends in unemployment rate of 8% vs. 4% respectively Table 9. Top 5 employment sectors (of HHs Table 10. Reported employment status of employment across Toretsk Municipality. (Figure 34). The highest proportion of reporting being employed), 2013 and 2018 HoHH, 2013 and 20184 unemployed among HoHHs was found in rural Compared to 2013, the share of employed Employment status HoHH 2013 2018 settlements beyond 5 km of the contact line Sector 2013 2018 HoHHs decreased from 33% to 22% in 2018 (8%), followed by urban within 5 km (6%). while the unemployment rate doubled from 3% 1. Mines 23% 24% Retired 62% 68% Of those who reported a vulnerability, single to 6% (Table 10). The same trend of worsening parents were, with 65%, most likely to report 2. Service 19% 24% Full-time employed 33% 22% employment situation was observed among being unemployed. (Figure 32). Figure 33 working age members of HHs, with a drop 3. Industry 15% 15% Receiving education 1% 1% indicates that HoHHs listed lack of relevant among full-time employed from 37% in 2013 vacancies (42%) as the main reason for 4. Education 11% 10% Unemployed 3% 6% to 31% in 2018 (Table 11). Despite the fact unemployment. Personal/family reasons 5. Trade 11% 12% that the unemployment rate was already Family carer 1% 1% (29%), cost cutting or employer layoffs (22%), considerably high in 2013 (8%), it went up to end of contract (7%) and health reasons (1%) Physically unable to work 1% 1% 10% in 2018. In addition, the proportion of the were also mentioned as obstacles to stable economically inactive population in Toretsk Freelance 1% 1% employment. Municipality continued to grow. In particular, Figure 33. Most reported reasons for unemployment of HoHH (of HoHHs reporting Self-employed 2% 2% retired amounted to 40%, people who do Maps 13 and 14 clearly illustrate that the being unemployed) not work due to a need to look after a family contact line disrupted pre-existing networks 42+29+22+7+1 member is at 3% as well as people who are of the local labor market cutting off access Lack of relevant vacancies 42% Table 11. Reported employment status of HH physically unable to work. to important hubs such as Donetsk, Horlivka, Personal/family reasons 29% member, 2013 and 20184 Yasynuvata and Zaitseve. Moreover, The sector with the highest proportion of Cost cutting (layoffs) 22% compared to 2013, residents of Toretsk Employment status HH surveyed HHs working is in the mining sector End of contract 7% 2013 2018 Municipality reported losing employment member (24% of employed HHs). The service sector Health reasons 1% opportunities in Petrivka, Leonidivka, Nelipivka showed the most significant difference in Retired 38% 40% and Novoselivka. Overall, these changes in employment rates, with a 5% growth rate over the labor market impeded the improvement of a five-year period. Currently, HHs are as likely Full-time employed 37% 31% living standards and contributed to the fragility Figure 34. Reported unemployment rates by to work in the service industry as they are to Receiving education 13% 8% of Toretsk Municipality's economic stability. HoHH gender work in the mining industry. There was a slight increase of employment in trade sectors, Figure 32. HoHH unemployment rate by Unemployed 8% 10% while the share of the population employed in vulnerability 65+19+5+2 Single parent (official status) 65% Family carer 0% 3% industry remained steady at 15%. (Table 9) No vulnerability 19% Physically unable to work 2% 3% 408% +20+4% From a gender perspective, the proportion Disability (official status) 5% of female HoHHs struggled finding a job Freelance 0% 2% Family with 3 or more 2% ^ \ at double the rate of male HoHHs, with an Self-employed 2% 2% children

15 Map 13. Employment network 2013 Map 14. Employment network 2018

Soledar Soledar !(! Bakhmut !(! Bakhmut 20132! 018 ! !( !( ² Kramatorsk !(!

Opytne !(! Russian Russian Federation Federation !(! !(!

Kostiantynivka Kostiantynivka !(! !Z Bakhmutskyi Bakhmutskyi raion raion

Zelenpo illia Zelenopillia ! ! Kurdiumivka !(! !( Kurdiumivka !(! !(

Ozarianivka !( Ozarianivka !( Druzhkivka Druzhkivka !(! !(! Dyliivka !( Dachne !( Dyliivka !( Krymske Krymske !( !( Druzhba !( !( Druzhba Shcherbynivka Toretsk !(! Shcherbynivka !Z ! !Z ! !( !( Pivnichne Zaitseve !( !( !( !( Toretsk Pivnichne Petrivka Petrivka Pivdenne Leonidivka !( !( Pivdenne Leoindivka !( !( Nelipivka !(! !(! Nelipivka !( !( Zalizne Zalizne

Kostiantynivskyi Kostiantynivskyi raion Novhorodske raion !(! !(! Sukha Balka !( !( ! Novhorodske !( Sukha Balka Horlivka Horlivka

Yasynuvatskyi !(! raion

Oleksandropil !(! Novoselivka Service availability within the settlement !( available !( not available Yasynuvatskyi Level of importance raion (providing service to other settlements) Z primary provider 0 2.55 !Z ! secondary provider !(! Donetsk Km Yasynuvata connection to service

16 s Financial Services The following section highlights barriers faced when accessing banks was hearing shelling, Figure 37. Reported traveling time by proportion of HH to ATM facility, by type of area by HHs when accessing financial service which reflects the general trend for many providers (FSP) across Toretsk Municipality. services in Toretsk Municipality (Figure 40). <30 min 30 min - 1h 2+0+0+3 34+7+19+39

63+93+80+59 >1h The vast majority (82%) of the assessed rural Most HHs (82%) reported using ATMs, Rural 5km 63% 34% 2% HHs within 5 km of the contact line reported and they were generally located within 30 0% inaccessibility to any financial services (Figure minutes of HHs primary residence (Figure Urban 5km 93% 7% 36). Moreover, 27% of rural and 18% of urban 37). A considerable number of HHs in rural Rural >5km 80% 19% 0% HHs beyond 5 km were experiencing the same settlements within 5 km and urban settlements Urban >5km 59% 39% 3% situation. Only residents of urban communities beyond 5 km reported spending up to 1 hour within 5 km did not experience such an issue. travelling to their nearest ATM, 34% and 39% respectively. Overall, 7% of the HHs who accessed financial services expressed dissatisfaction with FSPs. HHs reported similar travelling times to their Figure 38. Reported traveling time by proportion of HH to bank, by type of area The highest percentage (19%) was amongst nearest bank (Figure 38). The only noticeable rural (5 km) HHs, followed by 16% of urban (>5 difference was that a higher percentage of <30 min 30 min - 1h >1h 3+0+0+1 km) and 14% of rural (>5 km) HHs (Figure 35). people living in urban communities (>5km) 61+95+79+73 34+5+20+26 The smallest share of dissatisfied HHs resided reported travelling less than 30 minutes to Rural 5km 61% 34% 3% in urban communities within 5 km. As shown in reach a bank (73%) compared to 59% of those Urban 5km 95% 5% 0% Figure 39, dissatisfaction was most frequently indicating the same proximity to ATMs. Three Rural >5km 79% 20% 0% caused by long queues at financial facilities per cent (3%) of HHs living in rural settlements Urban >5km 73% 26% 1% (62%), lack of cash (56%), long distances to within 5 km reported spending more than an ATMs (28%) and banks (21%), as well as cost hour travelling to financial services, the same of transport (8%). was reported by 1% of those living in cities beyond 5 km area. In terms of security, the most reported concern

Figure 35. Proportion of HHs reporting Figure 36. Proportion of settlements reporting Figure 39. Most reported reasons for HH Figure 40. Proportion of HHs reporting hearing dissatisfaction with financial services by no access to financial services dissatisfaction with financial services4 shelling when accessing banks4 settlement type 62+56+28+21+20 82+27+18+0 19+14+6+16 Rural 5km 19% Rural 5km 82% Lines 62% Rural >5km 14% Rural >5km 27% No cash 56% Distance to ATM 28% Urban 5km 6% Urban >5km 18% 74% Heard shelling Urban >5km 16% Urban 5km 0% Distance to bank 21% High commission 20% 74+26A

17 Map 15. Financial service access network 2013 Map 16. Financial service access network 2018

Bakhmut Bakhmut 2013 !(! 2018 !(! ²

Kostiantynivka Kostiantynivka !(! !(! Bakhmutskyi Bakhmutskyi raion raion

Kurdiumivka !( Kurdiumivka !(

Ozarianivka !( !( Ozarianivka Dyliivka Druzhkivka Dyliivka !(! !( !( Dachne !( Krymske !( Krymsk!( e !( Druzhba !( Druzhba Shcherbynivka Toretsk Shcherbynivka Toretsk !(! !Z !(! Pivnichne !(! !Z !(! Pivnichne Petrivka !( Petrivka !(

!( Pivdenne Leonidivka !( !( Pivdenne

!(! !(! Nelipivka !(! !( Nelipivka Zalizne Zalizne Kostiantynivskyi Kostiantynivskyi raion raion !(! Novhorodske !(! Novhorodske Sukha Balka !( Sukha Balka !( !(! Horlivka Horlivka Valentynivka !( !( Yurivka !( !( Valentynivka Yurivka

Yasynuvatskyi raion

Service availability within the settlement !( available !( not available Yasynuvatskyi Level of importance raion (providing service to other settlements) Z primary provider 0 2.55 !Z ! secondary provider Km Donetsk connection to service

18 : Electricity & Heating * WASH This section outlines findings on utility issues of healthcare facilities (14%) faced heating This section outlines the main WASH issues Toilets that facilities faced as reported by KIs, shortages, listing broken facility infrastructure reported by KIs in Toretsk Municipality, including KIs from educational facilities were more likely including electricity and heating in the three and limited subsidised heating as the main water shortages and access to toilets in the three to report sufficient access to toilets in their months prior to data collection. reasons. months prior to data collection. facilities in 2018 (91%) than in 2013 (81%). In terms of electricity, KIs from 15% of medical Education Water shortages The highest rate of an insufficient number of centres reported having had shortages in the toilets in educational facilities was in urban According to KIs, 22% of education facilities three months prior to data collection, of which Overall, 75% of KIs representing educational areas beyond 5 km, reported by a quarter of experienced electricity shortages of which 13% 10% experienced a blackout for more than 3 facilities reported not having regular access KIs. did not have electricity for more than 3 hours. hours. to water in the three months prior to the Conversely, the number of toilets reported as The longest electricity shortage reported by assessment, in most cases shortages of over 3 Social services sufficient by KIs from healthcare providers in KIs (for more than 3 days) was observed in days (79%), as shown in Figure 43. This issue 2018 (71%) was lower than in 2013 (78%). In rural settlements within 5 km area. Similarly to healthcare facilities, 14% of KIs was most commonly reported by KIs working addition, 10% of interviewed KIs representing from social service providers located in urban in urban facilities beyond 5 km of the contact In total, KIs from 6% of education facilities the healthcare sector stated that there were no communities within 5 km of the contact line line (100%) as well as within 5 km (86%). reported having heating shortages during toilets in their facilities at all. Compared to 2013, KIs reported an increase the previous winter caused by either broken reported experiencing significant electricity of shortages (69%) while a significant increase All assessed social service facilities provided municipal or school infrastructure. The longest shortages in the three months prior to the was noted in 3% of the educational facilities. toilets for staff as well as for visitors with no heating shortages lasted between 1 and 3 assessment. According to KIs, the longest differences found between 2013 and 2018 working days, according to KIs, which can shortages were from 1 to 3 working days. The proportion of KIs from medical facilities according to KIs. potentially have severe consequences due to Compared to 2013, the situation with stating that water shortages occurred for more than 3 hours was 76%, while 10% of KIs harsh winter weather conditions. electricity shortages amongst social service To conclude, WASH services across Toretsk providers in urban areas within 5 km reported not having any water supply. When Municipality require further measures in order Health zone changed, with 14% of KIs reported asked about the water shortages in 2013, 61% to improve adequate and constant access In comparison to the educational service a n i n c r e a s e d f r e q u e n c y o f s h o r t a g e s . of KIs reported an increase and 6% mentioned to them for basic service providers and the providers, KIs reported a higher percentage a significant increase of water shortages in people accessing these services. their facilities. Figure 41. Proportion of KIs reporting heating Figure 42. Proportion of KIs reporting Figure 43. Proportion of KIs reporting the duration of longest water shortages in the 3 months shortages during prior winter to assessment electricity shortages in the 3 months prior to prior to data collection, by type of facility assessment Education Health

6+6% 1414% 22+22% 1515% 88% +0+0+0% 44% +6+0+6% 88% +0+00% +6579% +8094% Education Health Education Health 3-6 hours 6-12 hours 1-3 days >3 days

19 ) Access to Markets Access to food markets As illustrated in Maps 17 and 18, the Just over half (51%) of surveyed HHs residing of rural HHs reported having to travel up to Food markets were generally available and population of Toretsk Municipality used to in rural areas reported taking a paid bus to one hour, while in urban settlements that was functional in Toretsk Municipality, with 98% access food markets in Donetsk, Horlivka the nearest NFI market, at the same time true for 11% of HHs. 42% walked and 10% had to use the train. In of HHs reported buying food at the market and Mykytivka in 2013, whereas in 2018, the When asked about the means of transport, urban communities the opposite situation was located within their settlement. However, 19% food market in Horlivka remained the only populations of rural settlements reported observed, with 77% of assessed HHs reporting of HHs also had to visit food markets in other NGCA location which is still visited by people using a paid bus as the main way to access getting to the market on foot, 22% had to use communities to access all required items. In from Toretsk Municipality, in particular from construction material markets (70%), while a paid bus and just 3% used a train as the rural settlements, over a half of HHs had to Kurdimivka. Consequently, pressure on such approximately the same percentage of people main means of transport when accessing NFI use food markets outside of their settlements. primary providers as Toretsk, Kramatorsk and from urban communities stated that they got to markets. Dissatisfaction was reported due to Kostiantynivka increased noticeably. the market by foot (67%). For the vast majority of HHs (93%) it took less bus unreliability (7% of those using bus) from than 30 minutes to get to the food market and Access to NFI markets which 68% reported bad condition of buses In general, just over half (53%) of HHs did not most travelled by foot (92%). Twenty-seven and 31% said that there was a schedule but have any issues with accessing markets. Of Most urban HHs reported having a functioning percent (27%) of HHs beyond the 5 km of the bus doesn't come, HHs that were dissatisfied, all respondents NFI market within their current settlements, the contact line and who used the paid bus considered the goods as too expensive. Long while the majority of HHs residing in rural Access to construction materials reported it to be unreliable. Figure 44 shows distance to construction and NFI markets were areas indicated NFI markets were in other that HHs reported hearing shelling when Rural HHs were more likely to travel further in mentioned by 19% and 16% respectively. settlements, as shown in Figure 45. accessing food markets most frequently in order to purchase construction materials, with Additionally, 10% of HHs assessed were rural settlements (98% within 5 km and 92% Overall, a significant percentage of HHs 91% indicating that the market was located in not content with quality of goods and 4% beyond 5 km), although the proportion of (82%) reported less than 30-minute proximity another settlement. Conversely, a large share reported distance to food market as a reason urban HHs facing the same security concern to a NFI market, those spending up to 1 hour of urban HHs (79%) reported the availability of dissatisfaction (Figure 47). The reasons was also considerably high (77% within 5 km made up 16% and just under 2% of HHs in of construction materials in their settlements. given reveal that financial constraints faced and 61% beyond 5 km). the assessed geographic areas estimated Urban HHs were more likely to reach their by residents of Toretsk Municipality limit their travelling times between 1 and 1.5 hours. construction markets within 30 minutes (89%) access to adequate markets. than rural HHs (68%). Correspondingly, 28%

Figure 44. Proportion of HHs reporting hearing Figure 45. Proportion of HHs reporting location Figure 46. Proportion of HHs reporting to pass Figure 47. Main reported reasons for shelling when accessing food market of NFI market a GCA checkpoint to access their construction dissatisfaction with all markets4 87 77+ market by settlement type 100+19+16+10+4 1+14+2+2 87% +46+ Price of goods 100% Urban 5km 77% 98+92+61 Current settlement 46% 0+26+ Rural 5km 1% Rural 5km 98% Distance to constr. mat. 19% Rural >5km 14% Rural >5km 92% Other 26% 72 Distance to NFI market 16% 72% Urban 5km 2% Urban >5km 61% Quality of goods 10% Urban >5km 2% 10+Urban 10+Rural Distance to food market 4%

20 Map 17. Food markets access network 2013 Map 18. Food markets access network 2018

Bakhmut Bakhmut 2013 ! 2018 ! !( !( ² Kramatorsk Kramatorsk !(! !Z

Kostiantynivka Kostiantynivka !(! !Z Bakhmutskyi Bakhmutskyi raion raion

Kurdiumivka !(! Kurdiumivka !(!

Ozarianivka !( Ozarianivka !(

Dyliivka Dyliivka !( !( Dachne !( Krymske Krymske !( Druzhba !( !( !( Druzhba Shcherbynivka Toretsk Pivnichne Shcherbynivka !( !(! !(! !(! !Z !(! Pvinichne Petrivka !( Petrivka !( Toretsk !(! !( Pivdenne Mykytivka Leonidivka !( !( Pivdenne Nelipivka Nelipivka !( !(! !( !(! Zalizne Zalizne Kostiantynivskyi Kostiantynivskyi raion Novhorodske raion !(! !(! Novhorodske Sukha Balka !( Sukha Balka !(! !Z Horlivka !(! Valentynivka !( !( !( !( Horlivka Yurivka Valentynivka Yurivka

Yasynuvatskyi raion

Service availability within the settlement !( available !( not available Yasynuvatskyi Level of importance raion (providing service to other settlements) Z primary provider

! 0 2.55 !(! secondary provider Km Donetsk connection to service

21 / Administrative Service Capacities Conclusion This final section focuses on the capacities renovated and one KI reported their facility was The results of this assessment enhance the among which the quality of staff, the long lines of the administrative service providers from totally destroyed and had to be reconstructed ABA findings in the Toretsk area and indicate in facilities and unaffordability were frequently the perspective of KIs. KIs reported on in another location. consequences of the protracted conflict mentioned. five administration facilities across Toretsk At the time of KIIs, a bomb shelter was absent disrupting the provision of vital services, as well Overall, residents of Toretsk Municipality were Municipality. The most recent administrative in one out of five facilities (Shcherbynivka). as the main barriers faced by conflict-affected more dissatisfied with accessibility of social and records were from 2017. Additionally, two KIs reported an insufficient populations. As a result of the ongoing conflict, health services than with education services. The greatest share of requests registered number of bomb shelters in their communities. the important hubs such as Donetsk, Horlivka The markets were widely accessible across were related to social protection and public and Yasynuvata, which used to be primary Toretsk Municipality, although HHs expressed Unlike other interviewed KIs, the KI in utilities (Figure 48). The majority of requests, service providers before the conflict, were cut high dissatisfaction with commodity prices. Shcherbynivka administration reportedly had regardless of their type, were submitted off from Toretsk Municipality disrupting pre- FTE positions unfilled. In particular, there was Constant hearing of shelling was the most to the Toretsk Civil-Military Administration. existing networks. a lack of management staff, therefore the commonly reported protection concern in all KIs representing Zalizne City Council Overall, the capacities of facilities in the social, workload was distributed among administration sectors of services. Shelling not only puts the reported receiving 285 requests on housing education, and healthcare sectors appeared personnel. Since 2013, all of the assessed populations at high risk, but also may result in reconstruction/repairs over a four-year period to be quite limited. In particular, increased administrative centres had to manage an psychological harm in the long term. (2014-2018). workload, damage to infrastructure, resource increased caseload. Additionally, three out of Given the fact that Toretsk Municipality is a insufficiency and a lack of FTE positions Since 2013, KIs reported a decrease in number five facilities reported being unable to cope front-line area with persistent security risks, a hampered the effectiveness of those service of requests related to housing in Toretsk, with it even with all FTE positions occupied. high unemployment rate and a growing trend providers. Moreover, a lack of financial service education in Shcherbynivka and transport and towards economically inactive populations, According to enumerators' observations, only providers, especially in rural areas (5km), communication in Novhorodske. it needs further humanitarian support, only one in five facilities was accessible for seriously impeded the financial inclusion of modernization and investments. Just two out of five KIs for administrative people with disabilities. the population. This may affect a population facilities reported them not having been by inhibating the withdrawal of a formal salary, Given the analysis in this CVA, it is important for damaged as a result of the conflict, while potentially forcing them to become reliant humanitarian and development organisations two KIs reported their facility had to be fully on humanitarian aid in the form of cash and to plan their response in reference to the money transfers. strained capacity of service providers and the Figure 48. Total administrative requests by increased vulnerability of the population of type Regarding utilities, heating, electricity and Toretsk Municipality. 100+67+21+7+2 water shortages continued to be a common Social protection 2563 issue within education, healthcare and social Public utilities 1703 services. Generally, administrative service Housing 474 providers in Toretsk Municipality struggled Health protection 192 to cope with capacity constraints, mainly Transport and Comms 45 increased caseload and damaged facilities. +16 Other * 355 From the HHs' perspective, dissatisfaction *Includes labor & wages issues, land policies, culture & tourism, with basic services had multiple causes, local governance and rule of law.

22 Endnotes

1 The Economist, 2018. An end to the war in Ukraine looks as far away as ever. Available online. 2 Toretsk City Council - an administrative-territorial unit consisted of one city of Raion significance, 7 towns and 10 villages under the management of theToretsk city (the city of oblast significance). 3 REACH, 2017. Area Based Assessment. Available online. 4 Question allowed multiple responses. 5 UN OCHA, 2018. Humanitarian Snapshop. Available online.

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Annex A. Methodology Network Maps The roles were defined based upon the following decision tree:

A network approach was used as a tool to describe the processes of accessing different types of services by the local population as a networked structure. The network maps show the service access patterns (who is accessing which provider where) in 2013, and 2018, to identify changes in those connections in relation to the conflict. This approach enables aid agencies to identify key service provision hubs to target their response. REACH created the network maps using two different data: community key informant interviews (CKIIs) and HH surveys. The network maps mainly rely on HH data; however, when HH data was not generalizable, REACH used CKIs data. CKIs were purposively sampled and assessed in every settlement, as opposed to HHs that were randomly sampled and assessed not in every settlement of the sampling frame. HHs were asked for the specific locations of t their service providers. CKIs provided answers on behalf of the community and were asked where their community members were employed and where they were accessing services. After the settlements were identified, both findings were combined in order to establish P r patterns of service access and triangulate data. Directed links between settlements represent frequently mentioned connections, mentioned at least twice by HHs or CKIs. After visualizing the data, each settlement was assigned a role in the service provision network according to their location and connection with other settlements in the access and t provision of services. The roles were defined by the availability of services in the settlement (available/not available) and the role of the provider in the network (primary, secondary). Example of network map: SS

Town D

Town C Village D City B Village C Village B A Far Away Place City A

Town A P S Town B Vllage A Village E

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