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Connected Bim for Building Design Improved Project Insight with the Cloud

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Connected Bim for Building Design Improved Project Insight with the Cloud CONNECTED BIM FOR BUILDING DESIGN IMPROVED PROJECT INSIGHT WITH THE CLOUD Image courtesy of HKS Inc. Foreword In a 2013 lecture at the Canadian Center for using the computer to not just create data Architecture, Stan Allen drew an important but to manage, manipulate and create distinction between the “computational” ideas themselves. While both digital and and the “digital.” computational tools once seemed novel, no capable firm would now consider At Princeton, we’ve been trained very abandoning them as the AEC industry well to refer not to the digital but to moves fully into the Information Age. computation when we’re talking about the computer in architectural terms… In this report, we look at how trends in The digital is a kind of state of being. technology have evolved in the sector It’s a condition. When you talk about to deliver a better built environment. computation, you’re talking about active From the earliest days of Computer- processes.¹ Aided Design (CAD) through to Building Information Modeling (BIM), cloud He observed that, while the building computing and generative design, we take industry has been moving toward the you on a journey through the ages – the digital for many years as information was Eras of Documentation, Optimization and generated with computers, we are only Connection – and present our vision for the now fully engaged in the computational: future of the building design industry. Image courtesy of HKS Inc. 1 Fast forward two decades, and we’ve seen THE ERA OF widespread adoption of a new technology, BIM, where computation is applied to represent built artifacts as three dimensional, behaviorally DOCUMENTATION simulative predecessors of their physical counterparts. It provides a critical foundation Since the emergence of computers in academia in to help designers, builders, and owners gain a the 1950s, CAD software has had a significant impact competitive advantage with the ability to access, on the architecture industry. This grew exponentially share, and make use of enormous amounts of in the 1980s, following the introduction of personal information throughout the lifecycle of buildings computing. In the earliest days of CAD, tools like and infrastructure. AutoCAD spurred the “Era of Documentation.” BIM is blurring the lines between digital processing Although early researchers predicted an exciting and physical systems, causing the design and future interaction between machines and build phases of projects to move closer together. human designers, the first computer tools to be That said, the transition from CAD to BIM has widely adopted by architectural designers were been difficult, aided only in part by accelerating computerized versions of traditional drafting capabilities of machines themselves in storage and rendering tools. Software, data, and plotters capabilities, processor power, and graphics replaced plastic and lead sheets of mylar and resolution. The bigger challenge: BIM represents drawing boards, for example. While they allowed an inversion of a several-thousand-year-old designers to produce technical drawings much tradition of building workflows – representation faster than with traditional methods, they did not and communication through 2D drawings giving fundamentally change the process of design. way to databases where the drawings are a result, rather than the purpose itself, of the tools. Those Because of this, the industry started to realize that databases, rich in accessible information, make it CAD drawings were not necessarily the best way to possible to both represent and analyze a design as share, correct, or store manufacturing files. Instead, it develops, enabling architects and engineers to engineers and architects looked for ways to combine evaluate and optimize project components like area, the models they were creating with technical structure, or the movement of air. Insights available drawings based on 3D forms; thus marking the from a robust digital model are supported by transition from CAD to 3D modeling. analytical tools that evaluated the design in process. 2 Image courtesy of Frontop Digital Technology Co., Ltd 3 with the realities of building production, standards, THE ERA OF and project delivery. Where CAD-based project management wasn’t dramatically different from its analog predecessor (just substitute “file folder on OPTIMIZATION server” for “flat file drawer”), BIM-enabled teams have new ways to connect models, improve technical The emergence of BIM in the 1990s ushered in the outcomes, coordinate information in the field, create "Era of Optimization,” and simultaneously made high-resolution renderings, and speed document computation as important as digital information. production. As the internet became first ubiquitous and then rapid, digital data moved quickly between The computational challenges of this change offices and project sites. But what comes after were born by both software providers and their speedier desktops connected by the internet? customers. BIM tools are not just supercharged drafting platforms but rather specific, encoded Cloud computing is already transforming building knowledge systems based on semantic processes and workflows in ways that make the representations of their intended built objects. disruption of the BIM transition seem tame in comparison. Representing very large things like A CAD tool (like AutoCAD) can draw just about buildings or bridges has always been demanding— anything, as it is essentially oblivious to the result; and BIM made this more so. But cloud-enabled BIM it’s rather optimized to provide sophisticated destroys this constraint with essentially unlimited drawing capabilities. But a BIM tool needs to computation and storage capabilities available understand “what” a road or building “is,” including to any device, whether an engineer’s workstation a way to represent its constituent parts (doors, or a job superintendent’s tablet in the field. The walls, windows or substrate, surface, curbing) and implications here are profound, since virtually any proper parameters and relationships. It’s essentially piece of representation or complex computational a sophisticated database design problem, where process can simultaneously be available to any the resulting software can simultaneously create member of a project team, in any location, with the data and generate “reports” about it, in the form readily available hardware and software. Availability of drawings. After establishing these platforms, of the information created in the designer’s office, capabilities grew, and it became possible to job trailer, or sub-contractor’s fabrication shop is differentiate discipline-specific “views” of the unconstrained, rendering its originating location no model and a wider array of designers (structural longer relevant. Both that information and related and mechanical) came into the BIM fold. The insight—building data and the ability to use it— industry is widely understood to now be moving becomes ubiquitous. And the computational thus toward BIM as both work processes and catches up with the digital. technologies have matured. As vendors produced increasingly capable BIM tools, building professionals worked to leverage the new-found advantages of technology, adopt new work approaches, and align their new capabilities 4 Architects 50% Engineers 47% Trade Contractors 44% General Contractors 22% 98% respondents report using some type of a cloud-based collaboration solution Adoption of cloud-basedon their BIM projects collaboration in building design projects (Source: Leading the Future of Building: Connecting Teams) 63% are using one on over half of their projects 98% respondents report using some type of a cloud-based collaboration solution on their BIM projects Among the respondents who report having made a significant investment 98% in collaboration63% solutions63% are and using could one on respondents report using someprovide over anhalf estimated areof their using a cloud-based type of a cloud-based collaborationROI,projects the vastcollaboration majority solution solution on their BIM projects (82%)Architects cite a positive ROI 50% Engineers 47% Architects UsersTrade cite Contractors cost and 50% complexity as the two 44% Engineers 82%top obstacles to Among the respondents increasingof thoseGeneral who their Contractors made use ofa significant who report47% having made 22% Architects projectinvestmenta significant collaboration in investmentcollaboration solutions Trade Contractorssolutionsin collaboration 50%cited a positive ROI 98%solutions respondents44% and could report provide an estimated Engineers General Contractorsusing some type of a cloud-basedROI, the vast majority 47% 22% collaboration(82%) cite a solution positive ROI TradeCollaborative Contractors solutions reduce on their ArchitecturalBIM projects benefits of using the need for co-location 44%and collaboration solutions on BIM associated costs: projects: General Contractors 22% Users cite cost and complexity as the two top obstacles to 56% 63% are using one on Quicker communication, overincreasing half of their their use of projectsproject collaborationworkflows and decision solutions Architects 54% 50% More advanced implementation of BIM Engineers 47% Trade Contractors Among the respondents who report having made50% 44% a significant investmentLess need for General Contractors in collaboration co-location and solutions and could 22% associated costs provide an estimated ROI, the vast majority (82%) cite aSee positive Collaboration ROI
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