The Edinburgh Strategic Alliance (ESA) Research Projects 2019

A joint research endeavour between The Edinburgh School of Architecture and Landscape Architecture, University of Edinburgh and The School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University. Copyright © 2019 Edinburgh College of Art, Heriot-Watt University and the author(s).

Edinburgh College of Art, 74 Lauriston Place, Edinburgh EH3 9DF www.eca.ed.ac.uk

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No part of this book may be reproduced Autumn 2019. in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means including information Material collated by Harry Smith storage and retrieval systems, without (Heriot-Watt University) and permission in writing from the authors. Alistair Fair (University of Edinburgh) Printed in Scotland by Allander for the Edinburgh Strategic Alliance. Print Limited. https://sites.eca.ed.ac.uk/ekep/ ISBN: 978-1-904443-86-5

Design, Nicky Regan, Edinburgh College of Art. www.eca.ed.ac.uk The Edinburgh Strategic Alliance (ESA) Research Projects 2019

A joint research endeavour between The Edinburgh School of Architecture and Landscape Architecture, University of Edinburgh and The School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University. Contents

01 Innovative Design 7 06 Culture and Theory 84

07 Social Inclusion and Urban Governance 116 02 Hybrid Design Processes and Digital Media 21

Housing and Property – 08 Planning, Design and Market Operation 138 03 Health, Wellbeing and Environment 36

Project Management and 09 Construction Technology 148 04 Global Cities, Spatial Planning and Place 50

10 Environmental Sustainability and Low Carbon 153

05 History and Heritage 62 11 Index of Researchers 170 6 7

Introduction: the Edinburgh Strategic Alliance CHAPTER 01

The Edinburgh Strategic Alliance (ESA) is the joint research endeavour of the Edinburgh School of Architecture and Landscape Architecture Innovative (ESALA, University of Edinburgh) and the School Design of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society (EGIS, Heriot-Watt University).

The ESA is built on For REF2014, ESA prepared a first First announced in 2011, the Kick interdisciplinarity and on joint submission, which is the point Start programme was developed to maximising the benefits gained of departure for the forthcoming stimulate innovative cross- from working at a range of scales REF2021. The joint submission university and multidisciplinary and approaches regarding the was second in the UK for research research, and with each project built environment and the urban. power. The ESA has a joint Alliance involving both Edinburgh and It enables complementary as Research Committee to foster Heriot-Watt researchers. well as collaborative research by excellence in research and support incorporating under one umbrella a range of techniques and This book is the third iteration of a a diversity of research approaches approaches to enquiry. In 2019, we research annual, a compendium of and fields that are vital for have inaugurated a joint ‘research current research carried out across understanding and transforming space’ in central Edinburgh, suitable the ESA. In its current state it is our built and natural environment. for meetings, retreats and events. partial – it does not reflect in a We explore processes, places We have strategy-formulating away comprehensive manner the entire and spaces over the whole life days and focused meetings for the breadth of research carried out in cycle, from planning to design, early exchange of information on our two schools. It does not present construction and usage. Together, particular research themes. We are our research centres and their we investigate the social, economic dedicated to developing the talent activities nor does it include all and political forces and processes of postgraduate research students relevant researchers or research which shape our world and the and early career researchers. projects. However, it does provide impact that our built and natural Opportunities range from working an overview and detailed sampling environments have on our health, on large, multi-institutional, of much of the research at the wellbeing and resilience, our ability Research Council-funded studies ESA in 2019. Further information to understand our past and to plan to taking a leading role on our including a comprehensive list our sustainable futures. Kick Start projects. of research outputs can be found on the schools’ websites. 01 8 9

By: Lisa Moffitt BY: Lisa Moffitt University of Edinburgh University of Edinburgh With: Emma Bennett With: Emma Bennett Jamie Henry Years: 2015 – 2018 James Ness Vsevolod Kondriatev-Popov Laura Haylock Calum Rennie Rachel Briglio Prototyping Wind Tunnels Years: 2013 – 2019 Filling Tank Experiments as and Water Tables as a Design Architectural Design Tools Methodology

Eight original wind tunnel and water table prototypes The engineering ‘filling box’ technique is appropriated use digital and analogue architectural fabrication as an architectural design tool, drawing on the science techniques to visualise airflow for use as a contemporary of thermodynamics to explore the atmospheric milieu design tool. of architecture.

Wind tunnels and water tables These insights are in some cases Related publications: This research uses a physical Physical model studies are paired Related publications: make airflow associated with tectonic, revealing ways of thinking Moffitt, L. (2018), ‘From Instrument modeling technique from with writing that draws on the Moffitt, L. (2019), ‘Materializing pressure-induced natural about joints, surfaces, and assembly to Architecture: Environmental mechanical engineering, the filling science of thermodynamics to Convection’, Architecture and Culture ventilation, such as cross- logics. They are in other cases Models as Architectural Design box, as a speculative architectural explore the atmospheric milieu 2019. ventilation, visible. While physical responses to working with forces Tools’, Technology | Architecture + design tool. In the filling box, dyed of architecture, aligning an environmental simulation devices associated with pressure of air or Design (TAD) Journal, Nov. 2018, salt water is injected into acrylic increasingly ubiquitous concept ‘Environmental Model Prototypes: have largely been supplanted by weight of water. Fundamentally, pp. 229-239. models submerged within a tank in architectural design discourse – Working Models,’ Multimedia digital simulation, this research the prototyping process revealed of fresh water, simulating the thermal variability – with a Exhibition, ESALA Research suggests there is value in working air’s extreme sensitivity to both ‘Environmental Model Prototypes: introduction of cold air into a warm design technique that foregrounds Workshop, June 2019. materially with air and water flow constructional anomalies and Working Models’, Multimedia environment or, when mirrored, the this concern. Considered sometimes as a means for understanding external disruption, revealing Exhibition, ESALA Research introduction of warm air in a cooler purely physically, as literal Wispy plumes. Filling tank study with building environmental mediation. the complexity of creating steady- Workshop, June 2019. environment. The models make indications of air flow, sometimes outlets, 2018. Four wind tunnel and four water state environments. complex and beautiful convective more metaphorically, in terms Photo: Lisa Moffitt table prototypes hone the use of thermodynamic processes visible, of gradients or intensities, environmental models as an revealing insights about differentials or equilibrium, this architectural design methodology. environmental processes taking research proposes that it is often Prototypes are designed, place within and around buildings. in the mis-readings or failures of constructed and evaluated based on models – in this case, in particular, their ability to create a steady-state in the unintentional leaks – that environment of legible airflow. It is potent insights for design’s through the act of constructing the inflections reside. instrumentation of the model and the materialisation of air that models reveal architectural insights about environmental mediation. 10 11

ECA LEAD: Lisa Mackenzie University of Edinburgh wITH: Victoria Clare Bernie Artist Frazer McDonald Historical Geographer Falls of Tarf, Landscape Study, John Derbyshire Lisa Mackenzie. Ecologist Landscape Change: Reading rural funding: £5,899 Creative Scotland landscapes, actions and YEAR: 2013 –2 021 interactions

This project tests the significance of ‘reading’ rural landscapes more deeply so that inherent cultural and environmental complexities are represented together in a form that carries meaning to wider audiences.

Landscape is thick and thickening, The work seeks to discover Output: composed of, and in constant complementary strategies to 2013 Imagining Natural Scotland aggregation with, layer upon landscape planning in its current – The Valentine Project. A video of layer of natural and cultural history. form whereby drawing (as the conference presentation given All too often when ‘planning’ and a deliberately ambiguous act) on 27 August 2013: ultimately ‘change’ is considered and interdisciplinary collaborative in a rural landscape its depth is practice is used to question protocol https://vimeo.com/75010502 not read and communicated and convention by tracing the and therefore not understood. invisible and forgotten ‘readings’ Related publication: of a landscape in order that the MacKenzie, L, Bernie, This work began through the realities and possibilities of a V & MacDonald, J (2014) ‘The creative agenda of the Valentine ‘human’ interaction might be better Valentine project: A landscape with Project: a collaborative investigation perceived and better understood. trees’ in D Griffith (ed.), Imagining between an artist and a landscape The consideration of how to Natural Scotland, Creative Scotland, architect and the subsequent represent the dynamic nature Glasgow, pp. 182–199 invention of a form of landscape of landscape, so often overlooked representation, a form of graphic within the conventions of landscape archaeology able to engage planning documentation, is a with past, present and future recurring fascination in the work. in a given terrain. The project and collaborative enquiry began The Valentine Project originated in 2013 and continues. in a 2013–14 Creative Scotland/ University of St. Andrews Year of Natural Scotland funding call, “Imagining Natural Scotland”, which invited participants to engage with the politics of the representation of land in Scotland. 12 13

ECA LEAD: Lisa Mackenzie University of Edinburgh wITH: Dr Eliza Calder School of Geosciences, UoE Dr Julie Cupples School of Geosciences, UoE Dr Neil Stuart School of Geosciences, UoE Reading Landscapes: Communication funding: £112,000 Global Challenges Research Fund: Communication with Hazard Maps in the Central with Hazard Maps in Central America: A multidisciplinary American Volcanic Arc science-media-community network. £50,000 Global Impact Accelerator Account. Fuego Volcano Eruption:

Understanding and Images: Lisa Mackenzie. communicating risk – using This work examines the co- film as a visual methodology. YEAR: 2016 – 2021 authoring potential of drawing, three dimensional modelling and film-making with local people to support scientific procedures of hazard mapping towards disaster risk reduction.

Developing shared knowledge As a discipline, Landscape The research aspires to investigate of a landscape between locals and Architecture sits between the indeterminate methods of experts can mediate ideas between social and environmental sciences. representing a landscape recording people towards action. In 2017 Procedural enquiries in landscape both human and nonhuman this work was situated in the active architecture have the potential to associations that can advance volcanic landscapes of Guatemala negotiate between different, and knowledge beyond static and with a specific focus on Volcán frequently conflicting, research reductive interpretations. de Fuego. agendas. Landscape Architects seek to communicate the often Outputs to date: The research searches for invisible relationships that exist 2017 Workshop, Antigua, methodologies to capture and in a landscape, and can devise Guatemala, Volcán de Fuego. communicate local knowledge representational strategies that of ‘place’ in order to contribute can communicate both social Developing a multidisciplinary meaningfully to scientific and environmental change in a science-media-community network. procedures of mapping hazard landscape through time. The project 20–24 March 2017. and risk. In her role within the searches for new ways to advance project, Lisa seeks to comprehend the agency of the hazard map, 2017 Lisa Mackenzie, Conference the power of eidetic readings of considering that its influence is Presentation, Postcards from the place to represent the complexity limited, due to reliance upon the Anthropocene – Unsettling the of volcanic landscapes as localities expertise of its reader. Geopolitics of Representation. of hazard, and also as places of 22 June 2017. dwelling and livelihood. 14 15

By: Cristina Nan University of Edinburgh With: Carlos Bausa Martinez Foster + Partners Dirce Medina Patatuchi Heatherwick Studio Funding: CAHSS Knowledge Exchange and Impact Grant 2019 Papillon D’Or Years: 2019 –

Experimental algorithmic protostructures.

This project relates to my long-term The project creates a platform to This research is a continuation of research related to algorithmic share emerging research practices my research-led teaching on UG design, advanced digital fabrication related to the use of advanced and PG level at ESALA, engaging and manufacturing techniques for computation and digital fabrication with algorithmic form finding, lightweight protostructures. In between academia and industry, parametric optimisation, low-cost collaboration with two industrial addressing a wide audience (ECA materials and circular economy. partners, Dirce Medina Patatuchi, staff, student community, industrial from London-based practice partners, manufacturers and Heatherwick Studio and Carlos Bausa external public). The project Martinez from Foster + Partners, promotes sustainable, intelligent we have won the competition for and material & tool appropriate the international Festival of ways of integrating emerging Architecture 2019 in Montpellier: digital practices into the creative a parametrically generated pavilion practice, thus empowering and structure, designed through the use inspiring those who wish to work Right: Installation Papillon of advanced computational tools or further engage with advanced D’OR, FAV 2019 Montpellier, and to be constructed through the computational tools. Below: Competition Rendering by Dirce Medina, Carlos Bausa use of digital fabrication, at ECA. & Cristina Nan. Image: Cristina Nan.

Paper test model, scale 1:3, Papillon D’OR, FAV 2019 Montpellier. Image: Cristina Nan. 16 17

By: Simone Ferracina University of Edinburgh With: Rachel Armstrong University of Newcastle Living Architecture Consortium Funding: EU Horizon 2020 Years: 2016 – 2018 Living Architecture (LIAR)

Living brick prototype exhibited at the Tallinn Architecture Biennale. Each pivoting acrylic unit is comprised of two photobioreactor chambers and thirty-six ceramic microbial fuel cell rods. Integrated bioreactor brick Living Architecture (LIAR) is a modular bioreactor-wall, prototype exhibited at Global Design NYU, Collapse: Climate, based on the operational principles of microbial fuel cell Cities & Culture. technology and synthetic ‘consortia’ of microbes.

LIAR is a next-generation, It has the potential for far-reaching Related publications: Work exhibited at: Work presented at: selectively-programmable and transferable impacts on the Ferracina, S. (2018) ‘Designing Global Design NYU – Collapse: V&A Future Series: Cities bioreactor based on the operational performance of our living spaces Living Bricks: The Architectural Climate, Cities & Culture, (July 2018). principles of microbial and cities, implying a new Drawing as Conversational New York City (June 2018). communities, and combines understanding of sustainability that Platform’, in Albena Yaneva (ed) 5th Trondheim Biennale of Art microbial fuel cells (MFCs), goes beyond resource conservation Ardeth 2: Bottega, pp. 137-155. Living with Adaptive Architecture, and Technology (March 2018). photobioreactors and synthetic and incorporates the metabolic Nottingham (May-June 2018). consortia of microbes into units design of living spaces. Achieving Armstrong, R., Adamatzky, A., Uni-Arts Research Pavilion, Venice of construction (living bricks). this conceptual and technical Caldwell, G. S., Ferracina, S., Living Bricks, Great North Biennale (September 2017). These biological components are breakthrough may endow our cities Ieropoulos, Y., Rimbu, G., Garcia, Museum, Newcastle-upon-Tyne metabolically engineered to deliver with robustness and resilience to J.L., Nogales, J., Imhof, B., de (March-May 2018). Living Architecture, SuperMaterial, specified biochemical and the impacts of climate change Lucrezia, D., Phillips, N. & The Building Centre, London systematic functions. LIAR aims while enabling inhabitants to live Hanczyc, M. (2017) ‘Living Tallinn Architecture Biennale: (March 2017). to become an integral component humanely and even profitably in Architecture (LIAR): Metabolically BioTallinn (September-October of human dwellings, capable of the highly resource-constrained Engineered Building Units’, in 2017). Living Architecture Systems Group, extracting valuable resources from and competitive circumstances Dirk E. Hebel & Felix Heisel (eds) Toronto (November 2016). waste – polishing wastewater, of the future. Cultivated Building Materials: generating oxygen, and producing Industrialized Natural Resources Website: useable biomass, fertilizer, and for Architecture and Construction, livingarchitecture-h2020.eu electrical power. Birkhäuser, pp. 168-175.

Armstrong, R., Ferracina, S. & Hughes, R. (2018) ‘Whispering walls, listening stones, living bricks’, in Inflexions: A Journal for Research Creation. INfLx pOp up 1, Diversity in Diversity. 18 19

By: Simone Ferracina By: Ross Mclean University of Edinburgh University of Edinburgh With: Rachel Armstrong University of Newcastle Years: 2017 – Years: 2016 – 2018

Liquid Drawings Transformative Ground

An interrogation of liquidity Transformative Ground explores how new expressive as a metaphor for architectural forms and design sensibilities, based on distinct societal design. and environmental issues, have emerged in response to the context of post-industrial landscapes. Drawing – a form of pollution – Related publications: remains strangely unfazed Ferracina, S. (In press) ‘Liquid Simone Ferracina, Protocell drawings. Based on data from by the emergent liquidity and Notations: A Common Language of experiments carried out by Rachel For several decades now, the This project aims to capture a sense Related publication: unpredictability of the Transitions’, in Rachel Armstrong, Armstrong at the University of increasing presence of post- of how this period of radical Mclean, R. (2019) Transformative anthropogenic trace, clinging to Liquid Life: On Non-linear Materiality, Southern Denmark. industrial sites has opened up a rethinking has challenged long Ground: a Field Guide to the Post- geometry and its presumed ability Punctum Books, pp. 433-479. new territorial ground for landscape standing conventions, as new industrial Landscape, Routledge. to order, cleanse, measure and architecture, disrupting conceptualisations and shifts in name. Whereas current modes Ferracina, S. (2019) ‘Metabolic conventional ideas and aesthetics of aesthetic appreciation have of architectural notation depend Design: Toward Radical Co- space making that have been progressively opened up in

on the stability, reliability and authorships’, in Philip Beesley deemed inadequate for dealing with response to the emergent territory Book cover, due for launch in abstractability of the point/line, and Sasha Hastings (eds) LASG the structural complexities, toxic of the post-industrial landscape. September 2019 what would projects predicated Symposium 2019 Proceedings, histories, and cultural ambiguities The project has so far resulted in a on the liquidity and situatedness Riverside Architectural Press, of abandoned sites. There is a book that provides critical purchase of the drop entail? Through both pp. 15-16. highly contested quality to many on the rich conceptualisation of TRANSFORMATIVE chronophotographic protocell post-industrial sites, where landscape in the contemporary drawings and a fluid collage of abandonment and opportunity, field, providing a sense of how post- GROUND textual fragments, the project decay and growth, history and industrial sites not only offer a A FIELD GUIDE TO THE POST-INDUSTRIAL LANDSCAPE attempts the first steps in a ‘liquid’ erasure, create a compelling transformative ground for society approach to design – one predicated entanglement between seemingly and nature, but act as a progressive not on decisions and control but contradictory conditions. These field of concern for landscape on encounters. contextual realities are challenging, architecture. requiring new conceptualisations and spatial tactics to negotiate issues that are often complex, temporal, beyond perception and in extreme cases, irresolvable.

ROSS MCLEAN 20 21

BY: Remo Pedreschi University of Edinburgh With: Hugh Sinclair Mikael Attal Simon Mudd Maggie Creed Lizzie Dingle Noel Gourmelen Flora Weissgerber IMPROVING UNDERSTANDING OF School of Geosciences CHAPTER 02 University of Edinburgh FLOODING AND RESILIENCE IN Alistair Borthwick School of Engineering THE TERAI, NEPAL University of Edinburgh Kanchana N Ruwanpura Jeevan Sharma School of Social and Political Sciences, University of Edinburgh Mirianna Budimir Rivers sourced from the Himalaya Sarah Brown Sumit Dugar Dilip Gautam irrigate the Indo-Gangetic Plain Practical Action Basanta Hybrid Design Adhikari, Tribhuvan University via major river networks that Funding: £156,000 NERC Processes and (Natural Environment support approximately 10% Research Council) YEAR: 2018 Digital Media of the global population and their livelihoods.

However, many of these rivers are Such knowledge and practices are The research involved a short but also the source of devastating necessary in developing resilience intensive field-study of construction floods. The project, funded by the to both recurring and extreme practice in the Karnali river plain. NERC, is a collaboration between flood events exacerbated by A range of settlements in the area an interdisciplinary team of climate change. were visited to observe and discuss geoscientists, engineers, social construction methods and attitudes scientists and architects from the Vernacular construction techniques to developing practice, including University of Edinburgh, alongside are inherently specific to location, flood refuge buildings, with local practitioners from the NGO available material, and skill, having communities. Practical Action and the Nepal evolved through generations by Department of Hydrology and custom and practice. Nepal has Appropriate vernacular Meteorology. The teams applied many examples of flood resilient construction can provide culturally technologies and conducted construction. Nevertheless, they appropriate resilience, but does research with communities, to better are often displaced by more require knowledge to be shared and understand flood risk in the Karnali modern techniques and materials, transferred between communities; river basin, Terai, Western Nepal. predominantly reinforced concrete, the poorest communities may not such as flood refuge platforms. The have access to either the vernacular ESALA was involved specifically to resilience of these buildings can be knowledge or the materials. Further consider and study indigenous local verified in engineering terms more research is necessary to fully knowledge and traditional practices easily than comparable vernacular understand the economic and skills in building along the flood plains. designs. However, these systems barriers to self-development among require different skills, technical certain communities. expertise, and much higher levels of finance. 02 22 23

BY: Richard Coyne BY: Richard Coyne University of Edinburgh University of Edinburgh YEAR: 2016 – WITH: Tolulope Onabolu John Lee Frédéric Bosché Heriot Watt University Year: 2017 – Network Nature Architectural challenges in the sharing economy

In my work, I bring the related themes of place and Cryptocurrencies, blockchain technology, digital technologies into collision with recurrent topics and other aspects of the sharing economy of global concern. Since the 1990s I have addressed offer benefits and challenges for architecture. artificial intelligence, technoromanticism, e-commerce, They also furnish metaphors sound, emotion and now nature. about urban living. This research evaluates and investigates opportunities for the application Nature is on the side of the Three books take us on a journey Related publications: of peer-to-peer technologies in the independent, the hopeful, through the place of emotion, Coyne, R. (2016), Mood and Mobility: area of computer-aided design and the free, the good and the healthy. mood, attunement, biophilia, Navigating the Emotional Spaces of building information modelling. Some digital device users think that big data, bio- and geo-semiotics, Digital Social Networks, Cambridge, technology gets in the way of direct bio-hacking, biomimetic design, MA: MIT Press. Related publication: access to nature. It is as if urban nature games, zoo-space, refuge, Coyne, R. and T. Onabolu. (2017) dwellers are burdened by relentless numinous nature and myths of Coyne, R. (2018), Network Nature: ‘Blockchain for Architects: connectivity, work stress, boredom, self-reliance. Signs are crucial in The Place of Nature in the Digital Challenges from the Sharing and poor health. So, they look to understanding the environment Age, London: Bloomsbury. Economy’, Architectural Research nature to deliver the opposites of and the complex discourses it Quarterly, 21 (4): 369–74. these detrimental conditions. It is entails. Semiotics supports this Coyne, R. (2018), Peirce for easy to succumb to the view that challenge, a theme addressed Architects, Abingdon, Oxon: nature is what is left in the crucible critically in a text on C.S. Peirce Routledge. of human experience purged of in the Thinkers for Architects series. bothersome technology and artifice. From this observation I launch into a discussion of the nature-artifice divide and situate it within the world of digital networks, with an emphasis on semiotics, the communicative structures within all things, according to the philosopher Charles Sanders Peirce and his followers.

Edinburgh Botanics. Photo: Richard Coyne. 24 25

By: Richard Coyne University of Edinburgh with: Tolulope Onabolu years: 2018 –

Cities Decoded

Mobile phone user, Kibera, Catacombs of San Giovanni, Cities are infiltrated by codes and encryption systems Nairobi, Kenya. Syracusa, Sicily. to support access, security and commerce. What are the Photo: Richard Coyne. Photo: Richard Coyne. implications of coded city architectures for public and

private living? Communications tower, Narva, Estonia. Photo: Richard Coyne.

This research builds on recent Encryption serves as leitmotif for This project is animated by PhD Related publications: investigations into biosemiotic which this project, which of course supervisions, funding applications Coyne, Richard (2019), Peirce for impacts the relationship between references the architectural space of and regular blog posts that will Architects. London: Routledge nature, digital technologies and the crypts and catacombs, hidden contribute to another book project. built environment. A related underground places. Leon Battista Coyne, Richard (2018), ‘Transactions book-length project examined the Alberti (1404–1472) the author of On in Virtual Places: Sharing and work of the pragmatic philosopher the Art of Building invented a Excess in Blockchain Worlds’. In Charles Sanders Peirce (1839–1914) method for encrypting messages, Erik Malcolm Champion (ed.), The who founded the theory of semiotics introducing a design for the cipher Phenomenology of Real and Virtual on which such studies are based. wheel that would enable the Places: 76–93. London: Routledge. passage of secret messages between Scholars have examined cities the ruler and his generals. Coyne, Richard, and Tolulope through the lens of semiotics. Cities Onabolu (2017). Blockchain for are permeated by overt and covert A building is a system of locks and architects: Challenges from the code systems. But there’s a new keys. So is a city – a matrix of locks, sharing economy. Architectural impetus to the coded city, brought keys, vaults, hidden spaces, security Research Quarterly, 21/4, 369–374. about not least by developments in doors, cameras, contactless sensors, ubiquitous networked technologies, keypads, and pass codes – fixed and Coyne, Richard (2018). Network supposed smart city infrastructures mobile. Under the encryption Nature: The Place of Nature in the and the entailments of high speed metaphor, cities reveal themselves Digital Age. London: Bloomsbury 5G networks. Cryptocurrencies, as hyper-encrypted and hashed. Academic peer-to-peer monetary transactions They are sites of control, and automated smart contracts surveillance, espionage and Website: require institutions and citizens hacking. Data flows lubricate, richardcoyne.com/tag/ciphercity/ to choose how they adopt, adapt, intoxicate and contaminate the resist or counteract coded city operations of the coded city. innovations. 26 27

BY: by: Miguel Paredes Maldonado Miguel Paredes Maldonado University of Edinburgh University of Edinburgh fundings: YEAR: 2017 – Erasmus + Staff mobility grants External funding from the Università degli studi di Cagliari YEAR: 2015 – 2019 Knowledge by Other Means: Prototypes of dissent: Subverting Data-driven machinic data-based design practices to epistemologies reconstruct the public domain(s)

Knowledge by Other Means is an epistemological This project critically addresses techno-informational exploration of data-driven drawing processes as carried practices gravitating around the notion of ‘sensing’ out by a custom-built robotic apparatus, identifying and focusing on the development of physical, real-time non-computable elements of thought in the development responses to ‘sensed’ data streams within the specific of spatialized digital intelligence. context of urban public space.

Half a decade past the consolidation More specifically, this enquiry looks ‘anexact’ drawing research Among contemporary fields Taking an interdisciplinary These ‘practices of digital dissent’ of the first ‘Digital Turn’ in into the processes carried out by methodology that further elaborates of spatial practice, urban design approach that draws from the fields tackle issues concerning friction and architecture, contemporary a custom-built robotic drawing on the durational and multiplicitous and governance have undergone of Anthropology, Design Informatics collectiveness, and formalise design designers seem to have decidedly machine, tracing dynamic vector aspects of the data-based drawings. particularly radical transformations and Urban Studies, this project asks: narratives that explicitly re-situate embraced the unprecedented power data streams collated from a variety This body of work is reflected on as thanks to the gradual incorporation Is it possible to articulate data-based the locus of urbanity in the domain of machinic thinking, subsequently of spatial sources. This hybrid a visual research methodology, of digital computation technologies. counter-practices that operate of the commons, re-establishing the adopting its embedded logical digital-analogue apparatus draws which taps into Bernard Cache’s The most salient case of this within the same computational ‘Smart Citizenship’ of granular processes. We may, however, pose from a long historical lineage of interest in architectural computation resulting methodological shift is plateau as Smart Cities, albeit human subjectivities as the main a critical question in the context of vector-based machinic systems as a way to pursue philosophical the Smart City paradigm, which explicitly subverting their narratives operator within the urban millieu. this ‘second computational turn’: designed for architectural drafting. knowledge ‘by other means’ and exemplifies the conceptual of optimisation, efficiency, and Are there any non-computable Situating themselves between the into Gilbert Simondon’s notion framework championed by top-down ‘smartness’? Related publication: elements of thought in the human hand and the surface of of the ‘technical ensemble’ – technocratic, data-driven Paredes Maldonado, M. (2019, development of spatialized the paper, those machines acted emphasising the productive forms approaches to the development As a tentative response, this forthcoming) ‘Reconstituted Smart digital intelligence? as carriers of embodied spatial of indetermination emerging from of spatial intelligence in the urban ongoing body of work puts forward Citizenships. Hacking Data-Based knowledge that could be selectively its internal informational transfers. field. However this framework is a series of collective interventions Urban Representations of the Public In answering this question, actualised into specific design a problematic one: It operates under (developed as part of the author’s Domain in Emerging Identities’ in the project unpacks a series processes and materialisations. Related publications: a decidedly top-down regime, academic practice) that predate the The Futures of Place: Media, Space and of productive relationships Paredes Maldonado, M. ‘Duration and articulates mechanisms of technical overlay of the Smart City Culture, Odeleye, N. and Rajendran, intersecting drawing and the Deploying a range of intertwined and Anexactitude: what is at stake representation that tackle the city to leverage both individual and L. (eds), Springer. passing of time, operating at digital and analogue media, this with data-based urban drawing in as a singular ‘assembled whole’ shared human subjectivities in various scales and developed machinic environment is used to research?’ In Visual Methodologies in where individual subjectivities are the urban public domain through in the context of a data-driven articulate a data-based drawing Architectural Research, Ewing, S. and averaged and the drawing (and a DIY technological ethos. design environment. research practice and a subsequent Troiani, I. (eds), Intellect (2018). subsequent controlling) of ‘flow’ is foregrounded as an imperative of maximum optimisation. 28 29

BY: BY: John Lee Frédéric Bosché University of Edinburgh Heriot-Watt University WITH: Mohamed Abdel-Wahab wITH: Priscilla Chueng-Nainby YEAR: Mahmudul Hassan 2015 – ESP Fife College Edinburgh College Newcastle College CITB Co-design as Data TurbineHR Offshore Renewable Energy Catapult FUNDING: £30,000 Great Exhibition of the North 2018 £30,000 EPSRC IAA £50,000 ESP (2017) £250,000 CITB funding (2012–2016) YEAR: 2013 –

Co-design is a complex process. It may be supported Advanced immersive VR Hub for by shared representations through which diverse training wind turbine maintenance understandings can be brought together into apprentices. a common framework. This project develops an innovative The system is deployed in three Related outputs: VR technology called immersive colleges, including Fife College Bosché F., Abdel-Wahab M. S., We seek to interpret this process In this way, we hope to be able to Publications: Hybrid Reality. This system and Newcastle College for Carozza L. (2016) ‘Towards a mixed as realised through “Collective make small-scale, local workshop Chueng-Nainby, P., Lee, J., Zi, B. effectively blends the local the training of wind turbine reality system for construction trade Imagery” workshops in which events more directly relevant to and Gardin, A. (2016) A Creative real world within the virtual maintenance apprentices. training’, ASCE Journal of Computing people collaborate on constructing developments on a larger scale, Ontological Analysis of Collective environment experienced by the in Civil Engineering, 04015016. a “collective imagery weave” offering an enhanced opportunity Imagery during Co-Design for user. This particularly enables The project received numerous installation as a representation to drive social innovation. Service Innovation. Proceedings of users to see themselves (hands, awards, and nearly ten mobile Website: of their emerging views on DRS 2016, Design Research Society legs) but also their tools, etc. This versions of the system have been http://cyberbuild.hw.ac.uk/ a social problem, such as village A particular challenge of this 50th Anniversary Conference. system uniquely responds to the deployed and additionally sold projects-ice-ihr.html regeneration or how to improve perspective is to see how to Brighton, UK, 27–30 June 2016. need to develop VR technology to our partners for use in public transport for the elderly. The weave formalise the data involved in that is compatible with the demands engagement events, e.g. to engage installation can be seen as the the weave – technically, to develop Chueng-Nainby, P and Lee, J. (2018) of trade training, mainly physical young people on careers in collection and transformation an ontology for the information – Transformative Learning: Co-design contact and manipulation, while STEM subjects. of data about the problem, where without distorting or impoverishing with Communities’ Collective providing the means to safely the processes involved can be the data, and while respecting the Imagery as Data for Social locate trainees in challenging conceptualised as connective and need to accommodate flexibility and Innovation. Proceedings of DRS environments. transformative learning among the change. We base this on the notion 2018, Design Research Society participants. We seek to capture of an ontology as being a focus for Conference. Limerick, Ireland, the data in ways that make it finding and revising inconsistencies 25–28 June 2018. computationally available without and disagreements, rather than destroying its implicit nature. a way to capture a more objective We postulate that, when thus structure. understood, the workshop activity can also be more effectively related to activities outside the workshop, including data sources that can be recruited via the “semantic web”. 30 31

BY: Frédéric Bosché Heriot-Watt University WITH: Enrique Valero LinkNode Ltd FUNDING: £100,000 Innovate UK YEAR: 2015 – UrbanPlanAR

Digital visualisation solution for in-field visualisation of Building Information Models from any location, in real-time. Frédéric Bosché, UrbanPlanAR. Image courtesy of author. The solution is a disruptive In order to: Our software aligns with the beliefs Related outputs: Websites: technology providing a 21st century and vision of leading organisations Carozza, L., Tingdahl, D., Bosché F., Bosché projects are at: alternative to desktop-based or • Maximise reuse through existing such as Architecture and Design Van Gool, L. (2014) ‘Markerless VR assessment without outsourcing, investment in BIM and digital Scotland (ADS) whose objectives vision-based augmented reality for https://web.sbe.hw.ac.uk/fbosche/ remodelling or expensive proprietary design. are to: urban planning’, Computer-Aided index.html systems. UrbanPlanAR solves Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, problems of: • Provide accessible understanding • Help create better buildings, Vol. 29, pp. 2–17. http://cyberbuild.hw.ac.uk/ of impact from within local streets and sustainable places. projects-urbanplanar.html • Accurate urban location communities. Carozza L., Valero E., Bosché F., positioning – without the • Encourage more people to get Banfill G., Mall R., Nguyen M. reliance on GNSS and only • Deliver and share data for involved in making sustainable (2017), “UrbanPlanAR: BIM Mobile using affordable off-the-shelf immediacy and relevance. places. Visualisation in Urban consumer tablets. Environments with Occlusion- • Create trustworthy visualisations • Increase the understanding of Aware Augmented Reality”, Lean • Disenfranchised stakeholders – by to enable better decision making. architecture and design within and Computing in Construction creating visualisations (impact the planning system. Congress (LC3): Volume I – assessments) personalised to their We use localisation, augmented Proceedings of the Joint Conference location in real-time. reality, BIM and 3D mobile • Promote architecture and design on Computing in Construction technology to create software that nationally and internationally. (JC3), Heraklion, Greece, Jul 4–7. • Late stage visualisation after delivers contextual information design completion – by enabling at the point of need. • Provide leadership for our sector. integration and viewpoints throughout a project lifecycle • Deliver high-quality services at no additional cost. which are continually improving.

• Remove expensive duplication in modelling – by providing a data pipeline integrated with existing tools and flowlines from major vendors. 32 33

By: Cristina Nan University of Edinburgh With: Remo Pedreschi Charlie Patterson Funding: ECA RKEO Years: 2016 –

Hybrid Fabrication Techniques with Concrete: Fabric Formwork and Silicone 3D Printing

This research explores the emerging future field of fabric form work for concrete structures in combination with silicone 3D printing.

The showcased material The studies represent material Related publications: experimentations represent studies investigations with a hybrid Nan, I. C., Patterson, C. & which focus on the simultaneous material system – textile, concrete Pedreschi, R. (2017), ‘Emerging use of fabric formwork and textile and 3D printed silicone – and are Territories of Digital Material 3D printing in order to create a new process driven, concentrating more Practice’ RTD2017 Proceedings of type of material process for forming on process experimentation – seen the 3rd Biennial Research Through and fabricating non-standard as a digital crafting methodology Design Conference. geometries applied to architectural – rather than focusing on a elements. Textiles in combination predefined design output. The Nan, I. C., Patterson, C. & with 3D printed patterning are seen fabricated columns have been Pedreschi, R. (2016), ‘Digital Clockwise from top left: Self-built 3D printer. in this context as tools for form exhibited during the Research Materialization: Additive and Removal of textile formwork with generation and to a certain extent Through Design Conference at the Robotical Manufacturing with Clay 3D printed silicone pattern from waisted column. also for form control. National Museum of Scotland and and Silicone’ in Toni Österlund and Twisted concrete column, full scale. the Futurebuild Show in London, Piia Markkanen (eds.), Complexity & Twisted concrete column and removal of textile formwork. This practice-based research offers as part of the exhibition of the Simplicity – Proceedings of the 34th Images: Cristina Nan a new alternative to predominant Concrete Centre. eCAADe Conference – Volume 1, fabrication methods for complex University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, geometries, showcasing the benefits 22–26 August 2016, pp. 345–354. of hybrid digital crafting techniques. The developed manufacturing strategy will be explained through a series of material experimentations and resulting prototypes. The following studies investigate fabrication processes and surface texturing methods for the manufacturing of small and large-scale prototypes such as tiles or concrete columns. 34 35

By: Cristina Nan By: By Ross Mclean University of Edinburgh University of Edinburgh Years: 2016 – With: Yulia Kovanova Years: 2017 –

Tectonics of the Immaterial: The Scopic Practice Material Footprint of the Cloud and Its Digital Infrastructures

Image still from Plastic Man. Credit: Ross Mclean. The technological shift towards smart entities – driven Scopic Practice is a project that explores forms of media by automation, machine learning and IoT – mostly based practice concerned with revealing qualities of perceived as an immaterial phenomena, decoupled the living world. from a physical dimension, resides on a vast material Scopic Practices can be defined as The project has both theoretical Related publications: footprint, which exists almost unnoticed in the suburbs creative processes that bring a and practical aims; to synthesise Mclean, R. (2015) ‘Art as phenomenon beyond immediate knowledge derived from precedents Environmental Inquiry: Collaborative of our perception. perceptible grasp into scope, in contemporary practice, including and Technologically Driven involving the selective and art, architecture and allied Approaches, Landscapes in Flux’ methodological use of media based disciplinary fields, which in ECLAS Annual Conference 2015, Tectonics of the Immaterial, a research- Most smart-devices, connected to This work is mirrored in research- instrumentation to experimentally turn underpins practice-led Tartu, Estonia led design studio, engages with the the global network of data centres, led teaching throughout the past simulate and reveal the transient experimentation. Outputs have notion of data as an immaterial terrestrial or submarine cables and three years during an 11-weeks and ephemeral qualities of a range so far involved a series of academic Website: entity which revolutionises the 21st satellites, rely upon lithium-ion design studio in 4th year BA/MA of natural phenomena. At a time of papers, with the prospect of Plastic Man, Documentary (10 mins) century, initiating irreversible global batteries. The extraction of lithium Architecture, focusing on the significant environmental concern, working towards a major Dir. Yulia Kovanova, UK, 2017 dynamics, but at the same time is correlated to large scale territorial presented topics, within a global the projects aims are to consider publication that outlines shifts in http://plasticmanproject.org/ relies upon a physical footprint, transformations impacting on but also local – the Orkney how advances in technology and aesthetic theory cross-related with comprised of infrastructure and landscape, infrastructure and Archipelago – context. Strategies aesthetic theory have informed how precedents from an expanded field buildings. the urban. are being developed to repurpose the environment is experienced and of contemporary practice. Practical obsolete oil and gas infrastructure imagined, to develop understanding exploration has involved a series of Data, upon which the ‘smart– This research addresses the material for digital ones. The research has of how process-oriented and time experimental works that were depends and feeds, presents itself footprint of data and subsequently been thematised in a dedicated based practices can interpret and captured in a BAFTA Scotland as a new currency for architecture. the ‘smart– on different levels of session at the ‘Smartness? Beyond reveal a telescopic range of scales; nominated documentary short, The foundation for its existence are inquiry: from territorial to Discourse and Practice’ Conference from the cosmic, atmospheric, Plastic Man, directed by artist data centres. They epitomise in landscape, from urban to the built. 2018 at the TU Eindhoven. Outputs seismic, sonic, biomorphic, to the Yulia Kovanova. Through this architectural terms the reinvention What are the territorial and urban of this research will be presented microscopic. collaboration the intention is to of the black box, as known in the implications of this current this year at the AHRA Conference produce a feature length film that aircraft industry, secluded form the technological shift? How smart is in Dundee. more fully expresses ideas derived system and continuously recording. smart, when it depends on a vast from the research. My research increases its resolution material footprint, often messy of inquiry, leading to another and dirty? How can architects and facilitator of the ‘smart– rare metals designers use their expertise to and minerals. inform or develop digital strategies on these different levels? 36 37

BY: Sarah Payne Heriot-Watt University WITH: A. Jorgensen R. Maheswaran K. Thwaites A. Carusi N. Dempsey P. Shackley C. Rishbeth CHAPTER 03 IMProving wellbeing through R. W. F. Cameron B. Stone urban nature (IWUN): INTEGRATING J. Henneberry M. Richardson GREEN blue infrastructure D. Sheffield K. McEwan and health service valuation Wildlife Trust, Recovery Centre, and Centre for and delivery Sustainable Healthcare Funding: £1,000,050 NERC (NE/N013565/1) YEAR: Health, Wellbeing 2016–2019 and Environment IWUN studies the interaction within Sheffield between people, their local natural environment and their health and wellbeing.

Improving Wellbeing through IWUN consists of four work Website: Urban Nature (IWUN) is a three- packages ranging from determining www.iwun.uk/ year research project as part of the relationships between place based Natural Environment Research geographic, biodiversity, and health Twitter: Council’s Valuing Nature data; examining nature values; @IWUNproject Programme. The project aims to the power of apps to enhance find out more about how a city’s noticing nature, and developing natural environment can improve a new green paradigm to improve the health and wellbeing of its planning and health and social care. residents, and especially those with disproportionately high levels of Dr Sarah Payne at Heriot-Watt poor health. The city of Sheffield, University contributes on work UK, will be the city-wide case study package two, which explores and we will use a range of methods, cultures and values of nature and

to investigate people’s relationships health and wellbeing with a specific Sarah Payne, IWUN. with Sheffield’s parks and green aim of reflecting upon a diverse Courtesy of Sarah Payne. spaces. These include secondary society and subsequent range of data analysis, interviews, arts based values towards all forms of nature. focus groups, a specially designed smartphone app, economic analysis, and a review of existing nature based solution interventions. This will culminate in providing evidence-based decision aids for place ‘makers’, ‘keepers’ and 03 ‘prescribers’. 38 39

BY: Sarah R Payne BY: Francisca Lima Heriot-Watt University University of Edinburgh WITH: Marketta Kyttä FUNDING: Fundação para a Ciência Aalto University e a Tecnologia Lisa Lavia YEAR: 2011 – Noise Abatement Society Jack Harvie-Clark Apex Acoustics Clive Bentley Project DeStress Sharps Redmore The role of open spaces in the FUNDING: £124,982 EPSRC EP/R003467/1 future of depopulated urban £100,908 (EPSRC contribution) environments YEARS: 2018 – 2019

Designing and engineering soundscapes to enable This project explores how sharp depopulation might restorative environments for sustainable societies. affect the future development of urban fabrics by means of changing the needs of individual residents towards Project DeStress is an exciting A few case study sites will then Learning about the effect of the research and public engagement be modelled to create a virtual physical design of our buildings, their dwelling environments. project exploring the connections environment where the physical roads, parks, and city spaces on between the sounds we hear in infrastructure and sound sources what we hear and do in places, will places (soundscapes), our ability present can be manipulated. The help us plan and manage our city A conjoint analysis study has been to relax and recover (cognitive viewer/listener will then be able to environments to be beneficial for developed to better understand if restoration) and the design of the hear the differences these changes people’s health and wellbeing and depopulation can be a factor of built environment. The intention make in the soundscape, and tell quality of life. Changes in our built change in residents’ choice-making is for Designing and Engineering us how these differences makes environment can encourage people with respect to neighbourhood Soundscapes to enable Restorative them feel, before learning about to stay in a place or quickly walk scenarios. Environments for Sustainable how this may affect their health through it, thus we are interested in Societies. and wellbeing. preserving those special urban places This study stems from a PhD project that do provide some quiet, calm, completed in 2016, based at the The project will combine knowledge We want to engage with the public, and tranquillity in our vibrant, University of Edinburgh, on the health and wellbeing planners, designers, acousticians, buzzing cities. supervised by Professor Catharine Image: Francisca Lima. outcomes from experiencing sound and decision makers to understand Ward Thompson, Dr. Simon Bell in quiet and calm places, and how more about how the sounds around Website: and Professor. Peter Aspinall, and this varies depending on the design us (soundscapes) impact on our www.destress.hw.ac.uk funded by the Portuguese national of the surrounding buildings and cognitive and emotional experiences @DeStressRestore funding agency for science, research infrastructure. It will first ask the of outdoor public city places. and technology (FCT). public in Edinburgh, Sheffield, and Brighton and Hove to map their Two case studies have been quiet, calm and tranquil urban developed within the doctoral outdoor areas. This will help project’s frame, namely Lisbon identify the physical and social and Genoa, and a third one is being characteristics that make these developed in Glasgow. places be perceived as quiet, calm, or tranquil.

DeStress survey on Maptionnaire software. 40 41

By: Sara Tilley By: Catharine Ward Thompson University of Edinburgh University of Edinburgh With: Catharine Ward Thompson with: Co-Is Rich Mitchell Agnès Patuano Jamie Pearce Go Upstream Tom Clemens StudioLR CRESH (Centre for Research Alan Ainsley on Environment, Society and ScotRail Health, Universities of CalMac Edinburgh and Glasgow) Making Connections NorthLink Woods In and Around Towns 2 Dr Jennifer Noall PAMIS NHS Health Scotland The British Deaf Association Kevin Lafferty Paths for All Forestry Commission Scotland funded by: £122,150 Transport Scotland Woodland Trust (£24,900 funds the evaluation Central Scotland Green Network by OPENspace) funded by: Forestry Commission Years: 2018 – July 2019 Scotland (part) (£13,500 to OPENspace) Years: February 2018 – June 2019 Working with disabled people to improve Scotland’s Preparing a scaled-up research proposal to investigate travel connections. the Woods In and Around Towns programme across Scotland. Many journeys rely on us changing Who, then, is responsible for Through a series of shared journey from one mode of transport to improving the connection and experiences, ‘Making Connections’ another, navigating the spaces what’s the forum for everyone has assessed how easy it is for Our study proposal considers This will allow us to analyse links Related publications: between services, where one ‘ concerned to work together to people with disabilities and Deaf whether low-cost but widespread between environmental This builds on the previous research stops’ and another ‘starts’. While determine the most enabling people to transfer from one environmental interventions make a interventions and health, project and outputs: ‘Woods In and transport operators rely on connection? transport mode to another and difference to the health of particularly longitudinal change Around Towns (WIAT): Influences on passengers successfully navigating propose solutions to enable better communities and, if so, how close to over time, to address these Psychological Wellbeing in Deprived the spaces in between to reach their We focus on a specific and connections. such interventions is the effect questions. Already-prepared data Urban Areas’. service, they are unlikely to have a important connection in Scotland – discernible? Can any effect be on these interventions can now be full picture of the potential barriers between rail and ferry services. The project also includes a design evidenced across the wider linked to data from the Scottish that these connecting spaces might This will not only address transport workshop, where disabled people, population of the country as a Longitudinal Study (SLS) and pose. Even relatively short transfers links with lifeline ferry services but transport operator staff and other whole? There is a new opportunity administrative health records for can present potential barriers – such will also explore a Priority Issue professionals will work together to link existing datasets on health individuals for the first time, to

as crossing a busy street, poor identified in the Accessible Travel to develop ideas for tackling some and wellbeing of the population to understand the effectiveness of Aberdeen, Tyrebagger Wood, by Catharine Ward wayfinding or an unsuitable route Framework. of the challenges. existing data on a national interventions such as WIAT at a Thompson, © OPENspace. or environment – and the programme of environmental and national level, using both self-report responsibility for improving this OPENspace has been leading on the community engagement and objective measures of health space might lie beyond the service evaluation for the project, as well interventions – Forestry and wellbeing. The proposal is providers. as developing the research methods Commission Scotland’s Woods In timely in that it is relevant to Public used for capturing the experience and Around Towns (WIAT) – that Health Scotland, due to be of the shared journeys. has been running between 2005 established in 2019 as part of public and 2018, targeted particularly at health reform, and to Scottish deprived urban communities across Forestry, also to be established as a Scotland. new body in 2019 as part of forestry and land management reform.

Photo: Sara Tilley 42 43

BY: Catharine Ward Thompson Image: WIAT University of Edinburgh WITH: The University of Virginia The University of Glasgow London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Peter Aspinall Sara Tilley Katherine Brookfield Woods In and Around Towns (WIAT): funding: National Institute for Health Research Public Health Influences on Psychological Research Programme YEAR: 2012–16; reporting in 2017. Wellbeing in Deprived URBAN AREAS IAA, Public landscapes for public health, 2017 – 19

Do physical interventions to improve the appearance and usability of local woodlands, accompanied by community activities in the woodlands, reduce stress levels and increase physical activity and connectedness to nature in deprived urban communities?

Woods In and Around Towns The controlled study has involved The subsequent Impact project Related outputs: Ward Thompson, C., Silveirinha Website: (WIAT) is a Forestry Commission a repeat cross-sectional survey of funded by the Impact Acceleration Silveirinha de Oliveira, E., de Oliveira, E., Tilley, S., Elizalde, See our video summarising and Scotland initiative to improve residents living within 1.5km of Award from the Economic and Aspinall, P., Briggs, A., Cummins, A., Botha, W., Briggs, A., Cummins, contextualising the research at: quality of life in Scotland’s urban six Scottish sites: three where Social Research Council (ESRC), C., Leyland, A. H., Mitchell, R., S., Leyland, A.H., Roe, J., Aspinall, and post-industrial areas through local woods have been changed, Public Landscapes for Public Health, Roe, J. and Ward Thompson, C. P., Brookfield, K., Mitchell, R. 2019. https://vimeo.com/297952996 community access to new or through new paths and signage, for increases our capacity for sharing (2013) ‘How effective is the Forestry Health impacts of environmental regenerated woodland. In ten years, example, and social programmes to findings with relevant stakeholders, Commission Scotland’s woodland and social interventions designed WIAT has brought 11,000 hectares encourage woodland use; and three from Government departments, to improvement programme Woods to increase deprived communities’ of neglected woodland back into where no changes have been made. public agencies, local authorities In and Around Towns (WIAT) at access to urban woodlands: a mixed active management, created 1,400 Data has been collected in three and private landowners. improving psychological well-being methods study. NIHR Journals: hectares of new urban woodland waves: before any changes were in deprived urban communities? Public Health Research, volume 7, no. 2 and created or upgraded over made (2013); after physical changes The project has been supported A quasi-experimental study’ in 300 miles of footpaths. were made (2014); and again after by a Study Steering Group of BMJ Open 3:8. doi:10.1136/ Ward Thompson, C., Elizalde, A., further social interventions had five external advisors. Impact bmjopen-2013-003648. Cummins, C., Leyland, A.H., Botha, Building on evidence that green taken place (2015). Acceleration Award partners W., Briggs, A., Tilley, S., Silveirinha spaces may positively influence include Forestry Commission de Oliveira, E., Roe, J., Aspinall, P. mental health, our study has looked A health economics analysis has Scotland, Scottish Natural Heritage, and Mitchell, R. (under review) specifically at WIAT’s impact on assessed the cost consequences and Scottish Government. Enhancing health through access the psychological wellbeing and of each stage of intervention in to nature: how effective are stress levels of people living in relation to outcomes such as mental The views and opinions expressed interventions in woodlands near deprived communities. It was wellbeing, and self-reported levels therein are those of the authors deprived urban communities? designed to take advantage of of physical activity, perception and and do not necessarily reflect A quasi-experimental study in WIAT as a natural experiment use of the woodlands,connectedness those of the Public Health Research Scotland, UK. along Scotland’s ‘central belt’. to nature and social cohesion. Programme, NIHR, NHS or the Department of Health. 44 45

By: Catharine Ward Thompson By: Catharine Ward Thompson University of Edinburgh University of Edinburgh with: Co-Is Rich Mitchell with: Rebecca Reynolds Jamie Pearce Rob Gifford Tom Clemens Emma Johns CRESH (Centre for Research Centre for Cardiovascular Health, on Environment, Society and University of Edinburgh) Health, Universities of Mat White Edinburgh and Glasgow) European Centre for Environment Woods In and Around Towns 2 Dr Jennifer Noall BBC Green Space Study and Human Health, NHS Health Scotland University of Exeter Kevin Lafferty Agnès Patuano Forestry Commission Scotland OPENspace Woodland Trust Edinburgh Innovations Central Scotland Green Network Edinburgh College funded by: Forestry Commission Funding: BBC Studios Productions Scotland (part) Limited (£5,000/part) (£13,500 to OPENspace) YEARS: January – April 2019 Years: February 2018 – June 2019 Preparing a scaled-up research proposal to investigate Trust Me, I’m a Doctor study on the effect of visiting the Woods In and Around Towns programme across outdoor green spaces on mental wellbeing and stress Scotland. in office workers.

Our study proposal considers This will allow us to analyse links Related publications: Our study considered the following The results, which were filmed by Related publications: whether low-cost but widespread between environmental This builds on the previous research question. What is the effect of an the BBC and are likely to appear This builds on previous research environmental interventions make interventions and health, project and outputs: ‘Woods In and additional 60 minutes of outdoor as part of the BBC2 Trust me, I’m project and publications. a difference to the health of particularly longitudinal change Around Towns (WIAT): Influences on green space exposure per week, at a Doctor series in autumn 2019, communities and, if so, how close over time, to address these Psychological Wellbeing in Deprived lunchtime, on stress and mental found a significant beneficial effect for Ward Thompson, C. Roe, J., to such interventions is the effect questions. Already-prepared data Urban Areas’. wellbeing for office workers with wellbeing of participants after the extra Aspinall, P., Mitchell, R., Clow, discernible? Can any effect be on these interventions can now be varying levels of contact with time spent in nature. The benefit for A. & Miller, D (2012), ‘More green evidenced across the wider linked to data from the Scottish nature at other times? We stress reduction was significant only space is linked to less stress in population of the country as a Longitudinal Study (SLS) and collaborated with the University of if participants’ total time per week in deprived communities: Evidence whole? There is a new opportunity administrative health records for Exeter and with colleagues in the nature was at least 120 minutes, from salivary cortisol patterns’ to link existing datasets on health individuals for the first time, to Centre for Cardiovascular Science in suggesting a possible threshold for Landscape and Urban Planning 105,

and wellbeing of the population understand the effectiveness of Aberdeen, Tyrebagger Wood, by Catharine Ward Edinburgh to develop a study maximum benefit. Although the pp. 221–229. to existing data on a national interventions such as WIAT at a Thompson, © OPENspace. protocol that included both self- sample was small and constrained by programme of environmental national level, using both self-report report measures of wellbeing, limited time for recruitment, the study Roe, J.J., Ward Thompson, C., and community engagement and objective measures of health before and after the intervention, builds on earlier research findings by Aspinall, P.A., Brewer, M.J., Duff, interventions – Forestry and wellbeing. The proposal is and biomedical measures – salivary the investigators and offers knowledge E.I., Miller, D., Mitchell, R., Clow, Commission Scotland’s Woods In timely in that it is relevant to Public cortisol patterns and heart rate exchange with a wide public audience. A. (2013) ‘Green Space and Stress: and Around Towns (WIAT) – that Health Scotland, due to be variability monitoring. We recruited Evidence from Cortisol Measures has been running between 2005 established in 2019 as part of public people whose normal working in Deprived Urban Communities’, and 2018, targeted particularly health reform, and to Scottish environment is an office and invited International Journal of Environmental at deprived urban communities Forestry, also to be established as a them to increase the time spent in Research and Public Health 10, across Scotland. new body in 2019 as part of forestry natural environments, such as green 4086–4103. and land management reform. space, during the normal working week, to add a total of 60 minutes extra time in nature. They undertook to do this for three weeks.

Getting away from it all. Katherine Southwell. © OPENspace 46 47

BY: Ryan Woolrych Heriot-Watt University WITH: Harry Smith Soledad Garcia-Ferrari Judith Sixsmith Michael Murray Jenny Fisher Rebecca Lawthom Meiko Makita Place-Making with Older Adults: funding: £384,745 for UK component ESRC Urban Transformations Towards Age-Friendly Communities in Brazil (Newton) YEAR: 2016 – 2019

Ryan Woolrych, participatory mapping. Image courtesy of the author. Working towards developing age-friendly cities and communities that support older adults right to age in place.

Given the rapid growth of ageing The results will also be integrated Woolrych, R., Sixsmith, J. (2017) populations in many cities, into a variety of tools and resources ‘Ageing, Urban Environments the importance of developing to support communities, policy and Place: Moving Towards a appropriate design interventions makers and practitioners in the Transdisciplinary Research Agenda’, to enable active and healthy development of age friendly cities. IAPS Bulletin, 22, pp. 21–24. lifestyles for older residents is more Available at: https://issuu.com/ urgent than ever. Place-Making with Related outputs: iaps-association/docs/bulletin_ Older Adults: Towards Age-Friendly Woolrych, R., Sixsmith, J. (2017) 44_issuu/1?ff=true Communities, through a comparative ‘Ageing and Urbanisation: How study of cities in Brazil and the UK, Can We Support the Rights of Website: explores the role of sense of place Older People to Age-in-Place?’, www.placeage.org/en/about in promoting age friendly urban SURF Magazine. Summer/Autumn, spaces. Drawing on a total of 18 available at: Twitter: neighbourhoods in 6 different https://www.surf.scot/scotregen/ @placeage Brazilian (Brasilia, Pelotas and how-can-we-support-the-rights-of- Porto Alegre) and British cities older-people-to-age-in-place/ (Edinburgh, Glasgow and Manchester), the project will Woolrych, R. (2017) ‘Delivering undertake surveys, interviews and Age-Friendly Environments: a range of experimental methods Social Justice and Rights to the such as ‘go along’ walks, video City’, The Planner, Royal Town diaries and community mapping. Planning Institute, 169. pp. 10–11. The findings will help provide Available at: www.rtpi.org.uk/ a clearer picture of how sense of media/2314918/Scottish%20 place is experienced by older Planner%20169%20-%20FINAL.pdf residents and how this can be incorporated into improved design and service delivery. 48 49

BY: Ryan Woolrych Heriot-Watt University WITH: Harry Smith Judith Sixsmith Michael Murray Deborah Menezes FUNDING: £353,450 Newton ESRC-ICSSR Urban Transformations in India Ageing Well in Urban Environments: 2017 Developing Age Friendly Cities YEARS: 2018 – 2020 and Communities

Expanding transnational understandings of ageing in urban environments to three case study cities in India Photo: Adriana Portella.

Population ageing and increasing Responding to these challenges, The aim of the proposed research A community-based participatory Opportunities are built into urbanisation are two dominant this research intends to answer the is to expand transnational approach will be adopted to the the project design to allow for societal trends of the 21st Century. following research questions: understandings of ageing in urban research, bringing together all researchers from India, UK and By 2030 two-thirds of the global How do older adults experience environments to three case study stakeholders in a process of Brasil to come together to exchange population will be living in cities ageing and sense of place across cities in India (Delhi, Calcutta, collaborative dialogue and co- findings, share methodological and at least a quarter of those urban different urban, social and cultural Hyderabad). This will offer a design to challenge the hierarchical insights and shape the research populations will be aged over 60. contexts? In what ways can urban unique insight into how older power relationships that exist when process. Developing urban environments environments support the rights adults experience ageing and place planning ‘for’ and not ‘with’ older that support and promote healthy of older people to age in place? across diverse and transformative people. The results will be used to living for older people has become What would age-friendly cities and urban environments in India, co-create place-making tools and a key driver of urban policy and communities look like if they are to providing opportunities for resources which are essential for interventions at a local and national support the sense of place needs of knowledge exchange, allowing for designing age friendly level, resulting in planning design older adults living across different comparative analysis within and environments for older adults in concepts and guidelines to support urban and cultural contexts? across case study cities in India, India that work across different an ageing population. UK and Brazil, and identifying cultural, social and welfare contexts. In answering these questions, this clear routes to policy and practice. Findings will be disseminated However, current urban planning research builds upon an existing to community, policymaker, and development models have ESRC Urban Transformations grant We will use a range of methods to practitioner and academic overlooked how environments can (ES/N013220/1) being undertaken achieve the project aims including audiences through ongoing support a sense of place, articulated exploring how sense of place is sense of place surveys and semi- and end of project knowledge through supports for active living, experienced by older adults living structured interviews alongside translation activities. social participation and making in 18 neighbourhoods (of varying experiential methods including a positive contribution to the densities and income levels) across ‘go along’ walks, photo diaries community. Ageing successfully six case study cities in the UK and community mapping exercises at home and in the community (Edinburgh, Manchester and to capture the place-based needs requires people are able to access Glasgow) and Brazil (Pelotas, of older adults. ‘assets and resources’ to support Porto Alegre, and Brasilia). healthy ageing, e.g. transport, adequate housing, healthcare services, and leisure opportunities alongside social networks and opportunities for lifelong learning. 50 51

BY: Harry Smith Heriot-Watt University WITH: Paul Jenkins YEAR: – 2019

CHAPTER 04 Order and Disorder in Urban Space and Form

Order and Disorder is a joint-author research and Global Cities, publication project which will result in a significant Spatial Planning monograph (80,000 words) to be published in 2019 and Place by Routledge.

This book critically reviews the The Enlightenment was the basis for The book argues that these attempts development of the concept of a new attitude to the production of to institutionally order space and spatial order in modern urban form the built environment, stressing the form are actually negative in most from the European Enlightenment, role of the individual in design/ rapidly urbanising contexts despite how this has been translated into planning, within the social control their overlay of social betterment, precepts of urban design, how in of professional and stylistic peer- and are often the basis for political turn these have been translated to groups. From this historical point and economic exploitation. very different political, economic, perceptions of the relationship social and cultural contexts and between space and society became A different approach to emerging how these are now significantly increasingly institutionalised, albeit urban space and form therefore challenged in the emerging cities the actual development of space has needs to start from an of today. continued to elude this conceptual understanding of the cultural ordering. This is no more obvious imaginaries and social constructs It argues that social order has more than in the rapidly urbanising that underpin the production of fundamental importance than Global South, where contemporary most city fabric and engage with ordered urban form in creating perceptions of space and form these concepts and organisational places in cities, and that urban emphasise disorder, although what forms to improve urban life for designers, planners, architects and produces urban space and form is the majority. engineers and other built collective social order beyond the environment professionals need to above institutionalisation processes. base their approach to the moulding Despite this, perceptions of city of urban space and new urban space worldwide continue to be forms into urban places on deeper focused on attempts at institutional inter-disciplinary understanding ordering based on concepts of 04 of underlying social order. ordered form. 52 53

By: Penny Travlou University of Edinburgh With: Platohedro (Colombia) Funding: ECA RKE grant Year: 2017 – 2019 Making Cultural Commons in Medellín. Image: Penny Travlou.

Making Cultural Commons in Medellín

This project, funded twice (2018, 2019) by the ECA Research & Knowledge Exchange fund, looks at a network of cultural producers and grassroots art spaces in Medellín, Colombia, focusing on their creation of cultural values in the city.

The two main objectives of the Related outputs: Media coverage: Due to the still complex post- The project stems out from the In June 2019, we are organising a above research question are: Travlou, P., Fleischman, L. and Travlou, P. (2018) Cultural conflict era in Medellín, heritage project Medellin Urban Innovation: two-day symposium with public Correa, A. (2018) Cultural Commons: Commons: (How) do we put it into and cultural values are linked to Harnessing Innovation in City art institutions and academics to a) to unpack the discussion on the (How) do we put it into practice in practice in Medellín? P2P Foundation historic artefacts that represent Development for Social Equity and discuss further emerging intangible making of intangible cultural Medellín? A Report. blog. grand narratives of national Wellbeing (2015–17) funded by the cultural heritage in Medellín. The heritage in Medellín by sharing (post-colonial) history whereas local Newton Institutional Links Grant key research question that this stage best practice as produced within www.scribd.com/ blog.p2pfoundation.net/cultural- grassroots art practices have been from the British Council and led of the ethnographic fieldwork emerging art collectives and local document/387987946/ENGLISH- commons-how-do-we-put-it-into- overlooked. The latter makes art by University of Edinburgh in focuses upon is as follows: communities; Report-Cultural-Commons- practice-in-medellin/2018/09/11 collectives and cultural producers, partnership with Heriot-Watt Medellin#from_embed as the ones that this study focuses University, UK. How do we translate our practices b) to transform cultural heritage on, to work almost in the periphery of creating cultural values in a institutions by decolonising the Travlou, P. (2019) Guest Seminar: of cultural production in Medellín, In June 2018, a series of workshops common language understood processes of cultural production, Making Cultural Commons in something that indeed creates with grassroots art collectives was by public art institutions, local curation and archiving. Medellín. Laboratory of Urban barriers to constructive dialogue organized to re-define “intangible authorities and the academic Commons, The National Technical and/or synergy with public art cultural heritage” as a “cultural scholarship? University of Athens, 9 April 2019. institutions in the city. Following commons” where cultural values this line of argument, this project are co-created, shared between luc-athens.org/cultural-commons- engages with the members of the groups and communities, support how-do-we-put-it-into-practice-in- network-under-research to co- openness, collaboration and peer medellin/ design a methodological toolkit that learning and thus become a can a) look at, reflect and evaluate common good. their network and b) become a tool for the network to communicate their practice and production of cultural values to public art institutions in Medellín. 54 55

BY: Soledad Garcia-Ferrari University of Edinburgh WITH: Julie Cupples Eliza Calder Melisa Miranda Correa Alistair Langmuir Sanchez FUNDING: £8,000 Edinburgh Global Innovation Fund Disaster recovery: building YEAR: 2018 resilience through education

An interdisciplinary knowledge exchange programme aimed at sharing experiences and gaining further understanding around how places can build resilience Puebla, Mexico ‘Disaster recovery’ project. and recover from disasters. Photo: Soledad Garcia-Ferrari.

The overall aim of this activity Approaches to dealing with these The learning path does not only This knowledge exchange is As a result of this activity we have Both the Centre for Contemporary is to engage academics, students, weaknesses should be rooted in include competencies related expected to provide the framework the following expectations: Latin American Studies and the industry, civil society and policy seeking avenues for empowering with the specific disciplinary to formulate clear research Office of the Americas within makers in Mexico through an governments and communities, backgrounds, but also includes the questions and lines of investigation • The development of an inter- the University of Edinburgh are intensive 3-day interdisciplinary breaking disciplinary boundaries development of ‘transversal’ skills reflecting the expertise and interests disciplinary research group aimed committed to supporting and and international workshop, led and create innovative partnerships. throughout the learning process of all participants. This will enable to continue collaboration for promoting this activity. by a collaboration between UNAM, (TEC21, 2016). At the same time, the development of a multi- research and capacity building. IPT, Universidad Iberoamericana This proposal emerged from the IPT, Universidad Iberoamericana disciplinary global research network Puebla and TEC Monterrey initial response and recovery from Puebla and UNAM have developed which should continue creating • The identification of potential (Mexico) with University of the 2017 earthquake specifically knowledge and expertise in relation knowledge, capacity and evidence research agendas, including Edinburgh (UK) and aimed to share related to education experienced to disaster recovery, that ranges to recover from disasters. questions and programmes which experiences in relation to disaster by TEC Monterrey, which in 2012, from the analysis of geodynamic could be made available to the recovery. This knowledge exchange re-defined the institution’s strategy movement to community related postgraduate student will provide the basis for for education. This is rooted in a engagement and networks community as well as staff with understanding how places can model able to integrate emerging that emerge as a response an interest on this area, and build resilience and recover from world-wide challenges, such as to the emergency. should be the starting point for disasters, such as the recent economic instability, international the above long-term collaboration. earthquake that affected the area competitiveness, global inequalities The the proposed activity has in September 2017. In the next 30 as well as emerging environmental the objective of providing an • The identification of potential years, 90% of the urban population and health challenges. Educativo opportunity for addressing drivers as well as challenges in growth will take place in small, TEC21 is based on an integral, emerging global challenges in the development of a long term medium and large cities, where interdisciplinary approach to relation to resilience and disaster collaborative teaching or research there are a range of weaknesses for education aimed to develop recovery through sharing programme. This may include disaster recovery across governance leadership skills, to enable capacity experiences. academic, financial and and access to resources. to confront forthcoming challenges administrative issues. and opportunities. 56 57

BY: Soledad Garcia-Ferrari University of Edinburgh WITH: Mónica Mejía Escalante Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Medellín Elizabeth Arboleda Guzmán Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Medellín Pamela Rodríguez Padilla Developing interdisciplinary Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México strategies for building resilience FUNDING: £34,000 Edinburgh Global Research in vulnerable and fragile and Partnership Fund communities in Latin America YEAR: 2018

A fellowships programme aimed at developing interdisciplinary research and partnership with two key institutions in Latin America (UNAL and UNAM), focused on understanding the relationship and interlinks Medellín, Colombia. Photo: Elizabeth Arboleda Guzman, between hazards and risk, conflict and informality. Escuela del Habitat, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Medellín.

This is a small scale fellowships A key longer-term aim is to Although some research has been Collaborating with UNAM and It underpins aspects of the research programme integrating academic further develop this network to undertaken in Colombia by UNAL will greatly extend the to be undertaken in the other colleagues from Mexico address major issues of importance Edinburgh academics, less so far opportunities for developing themes. This innovative approach (Universidad Nacional Autónoma across Latin America, acting as has been undertaken in Mexico. The Edinburgh’s research in this offers an exciting and novel de México, UNAM) and Colombia an exemplar of what can be collaboration will enable a deeper important area. An example of opportunity for us to build shared, (Universidad Nacional de achieved by collaborations understanding of challenges facing recent ongoing collaboration is the coherent research capacity in an Colombia, UNAL). The programme between outstanding universities the region, opening new research GCRF funded project led by our entirely new interdisciplinary area. furthers collaboration with existing across continents. The focus horizons for UoE leaders and Law School around drug war-torn partners in both countries, building of the programme is on three, research students. communities on the Mexican-US We expect that all research on shared research agendas and interdisciplinary and interconnected border. undertaken by the fellows will maximising opportunities for research themes, as initial Conflict: a key area for mutual contribute to furthering engagement future research collaboration. knowledge clusters for future research with a focus on Informality: considering the role of with wider Mexican and Colombian research: understanding crises, displacement, unofficial influences and actions on contexts, shaping future research by The fellowships will offer pathways peace-building and global health, a population, including vulnerable local and regional priorities and to continue and develop Hazards: a key challenge identified with a particular view into conflict communities, informal economies, generating impact with local collaboration with these institutions, was the exposure to environmental and violence. UoE has undertaken informal settlements infrastructures communities, NGOs, policy makers not only through providing a hazards, a topic on which UoE leads world-leading research on peace and governance. Ongoing research and business as appropriate. platform for undertaking research substantial interdisciplinary agreements and has a number in Edinburgh aimed at empowering in the identified areas, but also research. GeoHazards, a research of GCRF awards relating to communities, developing tools for providing an ambassadorial role group based in the UoE School of displacement. Little of this research building resilience and work in between the universities in key Geoscience but with cross- has focussed on Mexico or partnership with local and national disciplines. disciplinary activities across the Colombia. governments, has been the result institution, is learning from a range of initial collaboration with UNAL of hazards across the world and is in Colombia and is expected to facilitating community engagement. contribute to addressing similar challenges emerging in Mexico. 58 59

BY: Harry Smith Participatory mapping in Medellín. Heriot-Watt University Photo: Harry Smith. WITH: Gabriela Medero Helena Rivera Soledad Garcia-Ferrari Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Medellín Universidade de São Paulo Instituto de Pesquisas Co-production of landslide risk Tecnológicas do Estado de Carpinelo 2 in Medellín. São Paulo, Brazil Photo: Harry Smith. management strategies through Instituto Geológico do Estado de São Paulo, Brazil development of community-based FUNDING: £294,383 Global Challenges Research infrastructure in Latin American Fund British Academy Cities & Infrastructure Programme cities YEARS: 2017 – 18

Testing the upscaling and international transfer of co-produced landslide risk-mitigation socio-technical arrangements.

Building on the previous ‘Resilience Objective 3: Draw lessons on For the third objective, an or Resistance’ research, this project community-based landslide risk international discussion/ aims to substantially develop our management from the Colombian dissemination event will be held in understanding of the scope for and Brazilian experiences UK, with Colombian and Brazilian co-produced landslide risk- transferable to other Global research teams and community mitigation socio-technical South cities. representatives, to reflect on the arrangements through upscaling findings gathered in previous and internationalising this For the first objective, the pilot meetings, and produce a set experience and meeting the experience of Barrio Pinares from of recommendations for socio- following objectives: Comuna 8 is being rolled out to two technical arrangements for new selected informal settlements co-production of landslide Objective 1: Test the roll-out of to expand the work in Comuna 8 risk-mitigation strategies. community-based landslide risk and to introduce the project in management to two further another Comuna of Medellín communities in Medellín’s low- (Comuna1). income NW sector. For the second objective, the Brazil/ Objective 2: Test transnational Colombian/UK research team transfer of community-based shared experiences on site in landslide risk management between Medellín to inform the parallel Colombia and Brazil, including implementation of the project in through implementation of both cities, and is participating participatory monitoring and in the on-site evaluation of the mitigation of landslide risk in one experiences in both cities, including informal settlement in São Paulo. the piloting of the approach in an informal settlement in São Paulo. 60 61

BY: Harry Smith BY: Harry Smith Fionn Mackillop Heriot-Watt University Gabriela Medero WITH: Soledad Garcia-Ferrari Heriot-Watt University Ana Miret WITH: Stephanie Crane funding: £15,000 for KE programme Wilmar Castro Scottish Universities Insight FUNDING: £67,536 Institute, College of Arts and Global Challenges Research Humanities funding at UoE Fund/Scottish Funding YEAR: 2014 – Are ‘smart city’ approaches Council Waterfront Regeneration appropriate to the challenges of YEARS: 2018 – 19 in Scotland urban resilience and liveability? Lessons from pilot experiences in Medellín, Colombia

Exploring the limits of ‘smart city’ initiatives from the Exploring the potential for successful place-making perspective of poor and vulnerable communities and in Scotland’s major waterfront regeneration projects. the scope for combined use of top-down and bottom-up The 2008 financial crisis and the With the current major waterfront Related outputs: data-generation and management, as a basis for joint subsequent recession have had regeneration projects across the Smith H, Garcia-Ferrari S, Dawson a great impact on the economic three Central Belt cities of Glasgow, E, (2016) ‘Approaches to waterfront decision-making in urban management. development of Scotland, as well as Dundee and Edinburgh accounting regeneration within a common of other parts of the UK and Europe, for a large proportion of overall regulatory framework in Scotland: causing a dramatic slow-down urban regeneration in Scotland, The experiences of Glasgow, This project addresses the following This proposal contends that • Desktop review of literature on in urban regeneration and urban these provide a key opportunity to Dundee and Edinburgh’, challenges: (1) to assess the wider addressing challenge 2 requires smart city and community-based development activities. Urban test the aspirations and strategies PORTUSplus, 6, 2016. technological and societal impacts enabling and supporting approaches to urban management. policy-making during this period proposed in policy and guidance of smart city initiatives, including community-led data collection has not stalled however, with new against the practical drivers Final Report on Waterfront assessment of the effectiveness of and management on the one hand, • Fieldwork, data collection and strategies, policies and guidance and barriers of institutional Regeneration for Scottish adopted technologies as well as and the development of processes interviews with relevant being formulated at both national arrangements and socio-economic Universities Insight Institute inequalities and social inclusion/ whereby top-down and bottom-up government agencies, community level (e.g. the Scottish Planning conditions. Lessons can be drawn (2015) available at participation; and (2) to redefine data generation and management organisations and NGOs in Policy, National Planning from past experience in waterfront www.scottishinsight.ac.uk/ smart city approaches in a way can be used in complementary Medellín. Framework 3, etc.) and local level regeneration in Scotland, as well as Portals/50/Waterfront%20 that responds to the needs of the ways and provide a basis for joint (e.g. City of Edinburgh Council’s internationally. In addition, such Regeneration/Waterfront%20 population, improving urban decision-making on the other hand. • International workshop in Proposed Local Development lessons may be applicable to new Regeneration_programme%20 resilience and liveability. Medellín (May 2019) involving Plan and the Edinburgh Design and future waterfront regeneration summary.pdf Essentially, the method consists local stakeholders in Medellín Guidance). With the expected initiatives elsewhere in Scotland, Addressing challenge 1 requires of comparing top-down and large and representatives from local upturn in the economy there is including in less urbanised areas Website: an evaluation of the purposes and scale application of technology and government, communities and a need to understand how these such as in the Highlands and http://archive.northsearegion.eu/ impacts of smart city initiatives in data use with community-centric smart urbanism technology & policy and guidance frameworks Islands. iiib/projectpresentation/ relation to poor, peripheral and and -led initiatives to improve services providers from other can be best implemented to details/&tid=19&theme=6 vulnerable communities. sustainability and liveability in relevant locations analysed in unlock the social, economic and This project builds on earlier cities. Community, third sector and the literature review, including environmental potential of urban action-research on waterfront local government stakeholders in site visits to locations related to regeneration in Scotland. regeneration around the North Sea Medellín and other cities will be Medellín’s smart city initiative funded by the European Regional involved in specific stages of this and to the low-income Development Fund Interreg IIIB comparison, in order to maximise neighbourhoods where the North Sea Programme 2003–2007. impact. Key methods being used current HWU-led research on are: community-based approaches is being undertaken. 62 63

BY: Frédéric Bosché Heriot-Watt University WITH: Alan Forster Enrique Valero Historic Environment Scotland (HES) FUNDING: £50,000 HES CHAPTER 05 Historic Digital Survey YEAR: 2015 –

Enhancing performance and objectivity of historic History and building surveying using modern reality capture Heritage technology, machine learning and BIM.

This ongoing project is developing Related outputs: Valero, E., Forster, A., Bosché, F., new solutions to enhance the Valero, E., Bosché, F. N., Forster, Renier, C., Hyslop, E., Wilson, L. performance (time) and robustness A. M., Wilson, L., Leslie, A. (2017), (2018). “High Level-of-Detail BIM of defect detection, classification ‘Evaluation of Historic Masonry: and Machine Learning for and recording when surveying Towards Greater Objectivity and Automated Masonry Wall Defect a historic building. Focus to date Efficiency’, in Heritage Building Surveying”, 35th International has been stone masonry. The project Information Modelling, Routledge, Symposium on Automation and particularly investigates laser pp. 75–101. Robotics in Construction (ISARC scanning and photogrammetry as 2018), Berlin, Germany, Jul 20–25. modern reality capture technology, Bosché F., Forster A., Valero E. innovative algorithms for stone (2015), ‘3D Surveying Technologies Valero, E., Bosché, F. N., Forster, segmentation, machine learning and Applications: Point Clouds and A. M., Wilson, L., Leslie, A. (2016), as a robust and objective way to Beyond. Technical Report’, Historic “Comparison of 3D Reality Capture classify defect, and integration with Environment Scotland. Technologies for the Survey of Stone BIM technologies and processes. Walls”, Arqueológica 2.0, Valencia, Valero, E., Bosché, F., Forster, A., Spain, Sep 5–7. Hyslop, E. (2018). “Historic Digital Survey: Reality Capture and Automatic Data Processing for the Interpretation and Analysis of Historic Architectural Rubble Masonry”, 11th International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions (SAHC 05 2018), Cusco, Peru, Sep 11–13. 64 65

BY: Alex Bremner BY: Iain Boyd Whyte University of Edinburgh University of Edinburgh WITH: British Museum WITH: Claudia Hopkins FUNDING: £140,000 Silvia Bottinelli Leverhulme Trust, Igor Dukhan Major Research Fellowship Serge Guilbaut YEAR: 2018 – 2021 Filip Lipiński Miguel Ángel Hernández Navarro Building Greater Britain: European Writing on the Art of Veerle Thielamans Ivo van der Graaff Architecture, Imperialism, the United States 1945–1990 FUNDING: $13,500 & $141,515 Terra Foundation and the English Baroque Revival, YEAR: 2015 – 2020 c.1885–1920

Focusing on late Victorian and Edwardian civic The focus of the book is the reception of US visual architecture, this project re-evaluates the relationship art in the writings of non-Anglophone art historians, between architecture, imperialism, and national identity artists and critics in Europe between 1945–90. in Britain and the wider British world (i.e., ‘Greater This timespan opens up exciting While the notion of ‘triumph’ is Related publications: Britain’) through an examination of the English opportunities to re-think and controversial, the consensus is that Publication is scheduled for explore the ideological, social, the American postwar movements February 2020, to coincide with Baroque Revival in architectural design. economic, aesthetic, and didactic – abstract painting (abstract the annual conference of the US positions on which European expressionism, post-painterly College Art Association. responses to American art were abstraction, hard-edge abstraction, Often referred to as ‘Edwardian grounded. The starting point of colour-field painting, etc.), pop art, Baroque’, this important if obscure 1945 marks the division between minimalism, conceptual art, land phase in the history of British what has been called ‘Historical art, body/performance art; followed architecture was part of the neo- American Art’ and ‘Contemporary in the 1980s by postmodern classical resurgence in public American Art’ (see Barbara tendencies such as appropriation architecture that occurred during Groseclose and Jochen Wierich, art and abject art – experienced the late nineteenth and early eds., Internationalizing the History an unprecedented international twentieth centuries, but which to of Art, 2009). As the latter was success. The anthology’s end date date has received little scholarly more internationalist in outlook, of 1990 marks Perestroika in the attention. Emerging from and it naturally stimulated a more Soviet Union, the fall of the Berlin thus symbolising the renewed vigorous response across the globe Wall in 1989, and the unravelling engagement with empire following in non-English-speaking cultures. of the Cold War. Benjamin Disraeli’s ‘new imperial’ politics of the 1870s, the Edwardian Americans themselves not Baroque can be understood as only defined the moment when a prominent material culture American art became synonymous expression of this particular episode with contemporary art but also in the political and cultural history exported it through the idea that of Britain. By situating this American painting had ‘triumphed’ architecture in its proper cultural on a world stage (Irving Sandler, Triumph of American Painting: context, one of the principal aims Belfast City Hall of the study will be to connect it to (1906): Alfred A History of Abstract Brumwell Thomas. Expressionism, 1970). broader currents in British history, Photo: Alex politics, and empire. Bremner. 66 67

BY: Margaret Stewart BY: Miles Glendinning University of Edinburgh University of Edinburgh WITH: Jenny Nex YEAR: 2014 – 2021 Genevieve Bicknell Patti Amat funding: £3,000 YEAR: 2017 – ‘Loudoun’: A Documentary film Mass Housing. Modern Architecture and State Power: A Global History

‘Loudoun’ explores landscape design and architecture Mass Housing will provide a comprehensive global in Scotland c.1700. It uses various film techniques – history of the interaction of modern architecture and animation, aerial photography, dramatisation, still state power round the cause of ‘homes for the people’. photography – to communicate inaccessible fragile Mass Housing is a single-author This book will, for the first time, tie The book firmly integrates the archives and complex history with greater immediacy research and publication project these fragmented sub-themes into architectural and city-planning which will result in a major (500 an authoritative narrative of the practices of Modernism with the to non-expert audiences. pages+) monograph to be published global movement of Modernist key contextual factors shaping in 2020 by Bloomsbury Academic mass-housing production, from its housing production, such as Press. Its focal subject is the vast European roots around 1900 to its politico-cultural ideology, socio- The film addresses the question: How can they commemorate The scripted live-action sequences drive after 1945 to provide “homes recent dramatic resurgence in economic influences and building is it possible to communicate their lost parents and do their and animations were completed for the people”, which was one Eastern Asia, acknowledging both construction/organisation. This, the complexity of the scholarly duty? They read 17th-century earlier this year and we are now in of the world’s most ubiquitous its linking themes and its diversity. in turn, will allow exploration of historical discipline through the metaphysical and Latin texts, play post-production and anticipating modern architectural programmes, It traces a century of furious broader meta-narratives, such as film without compromising its games of cards and dice – sadness release in October/November 2018. and a central legitimizing pillar of campaigning, focusing on intense the relationship of architecture as intrinsic value? Additionally it and hope inspire them to design a nation-states worldwide; yet it also high-production “hotspots” in the a whole to state-building and shows inaccessible fragile drawings garden commemorating their dead reflected the strong transnational post-1945 years, but contextualising cultural/political ideology. This to a wider public and utilises the parents? Later, Mar became the cultural theme of egalitarian these with backdrop phases. represents a ‘globalised’ expansion disciplines of music, costume principal designer of this formal Modernist transformation. Its overarching theme is the of the chronological/geographical/ design, art history and interiors landscape style in Scotland. Recently, in most European and interaction of Modernist ideology thematic formula of my 1994 book to set it in context. Over 90% of Image: Margaret Stewart. Western countries, this national/ and expansive state power in the on UK housing (with Stefan the film uses primary sources for international legacy has undergone ‘housing-drives’ of the ‘long 20th Muthesius), Tower Block. Compiling its thematic and physical content. waves of disillusionment and century’. Reflecting mass housing’s this story involves literature- There is no voice-over or presenter attempted revitalization. regional diversity, the book’s surveys and extensive fieldwork distancing the viewer from the But its sheer scale and controversial overriding narrative incorporates a in all continents of the world. authentic historical materials. character have seemed too geographically-arranged secondary overwhelming to allow any structure. Framed by chronological Related outputs: Based on a true story, two boys – effective global historical overview. introductory and concluding Glendinning, M. and Muthesius, S. Lord Mar and Lord Loudoun, aged There is growing interest in the sections (Parts I, III), the central (2017), Towers of the Welfare State 11 and 15, at Loudoun Castle in story of mass housing, but historical section (Part II), covering the focal (Edinburgh: SCCS) 1690 – grieve the death of their accounts are so far restricted to a 1945–1989 era, outlines the world’s parents. Both inherit aristocratic national/regional/local level. key mass-housing ‘campaigns’, Tower Block: www.fields.eca.ac.uk/ titles but they struggle to meet spanning all continents and all gis/TowerBlock.pdf social expectations. major countries. 68 69

BY: Miles Glendinning BY: Miles Glendinning University of Edinburgh University of Edinburgh YEAR: 2015 – 2022 WITH: Aonghus Mackechnie YEAR: 2015 – 2019

Public Housing in Hong Kong: An Scotch Baronial: The Architecture Architectural and Policy History of Scottish National Identity

A History of Public Housing in Hong Kong will provide Scotch Baronial (co-authored with Aonghus MacKechnie) an in-depth history of the political, organisational fills the longstanding gap between architectural and and architectural aspects of the world’s most daring politico-cultural analyses of Scottish ‘national identity’ public housing programme. through a politically-framed examination of Scotland’s ‘castellated’ architecture, especially during the ‘unionist A History of Public Housing in Hong How did this astonishingly bold In the process, the book Kong is a single-author research building campaign come about – so counterbalances the portrayal, centuries’ from 1603 onwards. and publication project which will different from anything before it in most Western countries, result in a major (130,000 words+) in the century-long global saga of public housing’s story as monograph to be published in of public housing? While some a pre-ordained ‘failure’. Scotch Baronial is a joint-author During those years, Scottish None of this has been done before. 2021–2 by Routledge. existing books deal with fragments research and publication project nationalism was assertively We begin with the wider context of of this subject, this is the first which led to a significant (85,000 maintained, in a form very different early-modern European politics, Every year, countless tourists visit to address it in its entirety. words+) monograph published in from today, focused on parity of moving on to address the growth the dynamic Asian city-territory of This is a subject of high intrinsic 2019 by Bloomsbury Academic. esteem within Union and Empire – of Romanticism and nationalism at Hong Kong, marvelling at the historical interest: one of the most and the monumental forms of an international level, explaining capitalist vigour of the world’s dramatic episodes in the history Scotland’s politics have always architecture played a central role the pioneering architectural role ‘freest economy’. But much of Hong of the building of the modern, been expressed in its architecture, within that discourse.Our book played by ‘Imperial’ Scotland. We Kong is taken up by something post-1945 world, and one which, but nobody has narrated that encompasses all the principal public finish with the shock of World War unnoticed by visitors, yet vitally remarkably, still continues today. connection. Architectural and architectural works of 16th–19th I, and a new and paradoxical age in underpinning the capitalist Here, the book establishes what was documentary historians have century secular ‘castellated’ Scottish which an independence-orientated prosperity: vast swathes of public built and why, based on methodical avoided each other’s ‘territory’. architecture, from the palaces left political Scottish nationalism housing in planned communities historical explanation of archive This book fills that gap through behind by the ‘lost’ monarchy to the emerged while the ‘Castle Age’ built by the state. Begun in the sources and recollections of key a politically-framed examination story’s climax – the proud ‘Scotch finally expired. 1950s as emergency palliatives by a participants as well as field-based of Scotland’s ‘castellated’ Baronial’ country mansions and beleaguered British colonial inventorisation of the built patterns. architecture, especially during town halls of the Victorian age. establishment facing burning And it contextualises the the three ‘unionist centuries’ The book will ‘introduce’ to an demographic and political programme within the wider global from 1603. international audience the world’s pressures, these evolved into narratives of mass housing and of first self-consciously ‘nationalist’ ambitious, indigenously-shaped late British colonialism, especially architecture, and we do so from a strategies in community-building, through comparisons with the strongly document-based research employing ever-taller ‘tower blocks’ parallel housing drive in angle, referencing both manuscript far higher than elsewhere (40+ decolonising Singapore. and contemporary publications. storeys) and city-sized new towns. 70 71

Eden Court Theatre, Inverness (1976) BY: Alistair Fair Photo: A. Fair. University of Edinburgh funding: Royal Society of Edinburgh, Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland YEAR: 2013 – 2020

ARTS BUILDINGS IN BRITAIN, 1945–95

Looking at Arts buildings in Britain between 1945 and 1995, in order to shed significant light on the period’s architectural, social, and urban histories.

Between the 1950s and the early Local authorities were often keen Current work is looking at the 1990s, a wave of building led to the to promote theatre building as an context in which Arts buildings construction of often substantial expression of their ambitions and were conceived and realised in the new theatres and concert halls to stimulate civic pride: many 1980s, in order to contribute to the across the length and breadth of theatres were included in larger emerging architectural history of England, Scotland, and Wales. The ‘civic’ developments and Britain in that contentious decade. vast majority were – unlike pre-1939 comprehensive redevelopment theatres – supported by public schemes. Architects, meanwhile, Related outputs: subsidies, both in terms of their embraced the possibilities of what Fair, A. (2018) Modern Playhouses: construction and operation. In this Peter Moro – one of several an architectural history of Britain’s new respect, the introduction of a system designers who specialised in the theatres, 1945–1985 (Oxford: Oxford of public subsidy in the late 1940s type – dubbed the ultimate building University Press). had re-cast culture as an arm of the for its balance of public and private nascent Welfare State, in which functions, its symbolic potential, Fair, A (2017) ‘“An object lesson access to the arts was understood and its technical complexity. in how not to get things done”: as a basic right and a way to Edinburgh’s unbuilt “opera house”, counterbalance the potential This project has led to journal 1960–1975’, Architectural Heritage materialism of an increasingly articles, magazine contributions, 27, 97–117. affluent society. conference presentations, and a Knowledge Exchange project with Fair, A. (ed.) (2015) Setting Britain’s new theatres were shaped The Theatres Trust. The principal the Scene: perspectives on by a range of individuals and output is a book of 120,000 words twentieth-century theatre architecture organisations, including local (Oxford University Press, 2018), (Farnham: Ashgate). theatre companies whose newly which, by setting these buildings subsidised status allowed them in a wider context, also sheds new to improve their work and expand light on the architectural and social their horizons. histories of post-war Britain. 72 73

By: Alistair Fair BY: Alistair Fair University of Edinburgh University of Edinburgh Funding: Paul Mellon Centre for YEAR: 2017 – 19 Studies in British Art Years: 2018 – 21

PETER MORO & PARTNERS: Play On: Theatre Architecture MODERN ARCHITECTURE in Britain, 2008–2018 IN BRITAIN, 1935–85

Peter Moro was a German-born architect who, after A ‘contemporary history’ of recent British studying in Germany and Switzerland, came to Britain theatre architecture. in the mid-1930s. Despite austerity and sharp cuts in This project has led to a book of Related publication: public expenditure, the last decade 65,000 words for Lund Humphries, Fair, A (2019), Play On: Contemporary He worked initially with Berthold These projects have remained almost Moro’s work sheds useful light on has seen something of a boom in which examines theatre architecture Theatre Architecture in Britain Lubetkin’s famous practice, Tecton, entirely unstudied. Moro’s practice British architecture in the years building and creating space for in Britain during the last ten years. (London: Lund Humphries). before collaborating with Richard comprised a small, close-knit team, between the 1930s and the 1980s, theatre in Britain. Major new theatre Published in autumn 2019, the book Llewelyn-Davies at the end of the and its work was highly regarded challenging the idea of a break buildings, such as Aylesbury’s – essentially a ‘contemporary 1930s on the design of an acclaimed for its architectural integrity and caused by the Second World War Waterside Theatre and Doncaster’s history’ – is structured as a series house in Sussex. Following ingenious planning. Like Lubetkin, and showing how a commitment to CAST, have been accompanied by of case studies plus an extended internment at the start of the Second Moro was convinced that good design and the ideals of an innovative projects such as introduction. Part of Lund World War, he developed a career as architecture should be a evolving Welfare State could Storyhouse, Chester, which Humphries’ ‘professional’ series, a respected educator and designer contemporary art, not merely a generate architecture of real quality. transformed a redundant 1930s the book is intended for theatre of exhibitions, before in 1948 joining matter of function; at the same time, The key output from this project will Odeon cinema into a library, theatre, design teams and clients as well as the team designing the Royal he was a committed Modernist, and be a book for Liverpool University and small cinema, cleverly mixing those with an interest in the subject. Festival Hall. Here, working remained so even as some of his Press, due to be published in 2021 to functions to well-received effect. As a result, it aims to uncover and alongside Robert Matthew, Leslie contemporaries started to doubt the mark the seventieth anniversary of Liverpool’s Everyman Theatre was analyse the ‘processes’ by means of Martin, and the architects of the Modernist project during the 1970s the completion of the Festival Hall. reconstructed to popular and which theatre projects are delivered, London County Council, Moro and 1980s. professional acclaim, winning the and the pitfalls experienced along played a key role designing the Stirling Prize in 2014. There has the way. interiors of the hall. been significant investment in the existing stock of theatres, with older Moro set up his own practice in theatres being transformed: a 1952. His experience with the particular focus has been the Festival Hall meant that he was refurbishment and reworking of regarded as a specialist in the theatres built during the 1960s/70s design of Arts buildings, and boom, including Chichester several theatres followed, notably Festival Theatre, Sheffield’s Crucible Nottingham Playhouse (1963) and Theatre, and the National Theatre Plymouth Theatre Royal (1982). in London. However, his practice was also responsible for schools and housing,

as well as a small number of Peter Moro’s house, Blackheath. commercial projects. Photo: Alistair Fair. 74 75

By: Elizabeth J. Petcu Image: Elizabeth Petcu. University of Edinburgh Funding: Robert Lehman Fellowship Villa I Tatti The Harvard University Center for Italian Renaissance Studies; Bayerische Gleichstellungsförderung Nature and Imitation in Early Stipendium Modern Architecture Years: 2016 – 20

A major new study of naturalism in European and Latin American architecture, 1400–1800, which sheds light on how architecture was used to define both nature and representation at the beginning of the modern era.

Since the nineteenth century, Research on the imitation of nature Until we grasp how architecture Analysing built structures and Related publication: architecture has been defined by in early modern architecture has variously embodied nature from the Kleinarchitektur as well as Petcu, E. (2018), ‘Joseph Boillot and what it is not – as a field whose mainly addressed the emulation of Renaissance to the Enlightenment, architectural treatises, drawings, the Architecture of the Inhuman’ In imitative functions little resemble the human body and plant life, as we cannot understand the origins of and prints in Europe and the Bauen mit dem menschlischen Körper. those of so-called “figural” arts like well as Urarchitektur such as Adam’s modern ideas about architectural Viceroyalties of Peru and New Anthropomorphe Stützen von der painting and sculpture. And yet few house in paradise. With a few key figuration, representation, or Spain where those materials also Antike bis zur Gegenwart /Construire would deny that architecture joins exceptions, most scholars have meaning, nor architecture’s present circulated, the book will trace avec le corps humain. Les ordres the figural arts in imitating other regarded these as parallel forms relationship to the figural arts. the rise and fall of the notion anthropomorphes et luers avatars dans entities, especially natural forms. of architectural imitation, focusing of a natural architecture. l’art dans l’antiquité à lq fin du XVIe Nature and Imitation in Early on the natural objects represented The history of architectural siècle: Edited by Sabine Frommel, Modern Architecture will excavate rather than the ways in which the naturalism can only be recovered The project will argue that the Eckhard Leuschner, Vincent the history of this paradox. task of architectural figuration though a diachronic and Enlightenment’s rejection of the Drouguet, and Thomas Kirchner. was variously conceived at distinct geographically broad array of case imitation of nature as a goal of Itinéraires percorsi 4 (Paris, Rome: Throughout the ancient and historical junctures and across studies. Nature and Imitation in Early architecture precipitated the Picard/Campisano), II, 55-70. medieval periods, European different cultural contexts. Modern Architecture will therefore medium’s ultimate alienation architects variously promoted and chart changing strategies for from the figural arts and the transgressed the classical dictum Nevertheless, early modern thinkers figuring nature in the architectural modern notion of architecture that art – and, by extension, increasingly distinguished among culture of Europe and Latin as an autonomous language of architecture – should imitate nature. building that imitates raw nature, America, from the birth of representation. Nature and Imitation However, it was first with the architectural embodiments of Vitruvianism and transcontinental will thereby challenge the circulation of Vitruvian literature manipulated nature, and conversations about architectural widespread assumption that during the fifteenth century that architectural representations of naturalism to the Enlightenment architectural figuration has the continent developed a coherent structures comprised of naturalistic and the onset of ambivalence about always differed from imitation discourse on architectural forms. Meditations on architectural the emulation of nature as a model in the figural arts. figuration. naturalism in both text and building for building. likewise engaged a complex rhetoric of artifice and artificiality. 76 77

By: Elizabeth J. Petcu

University of Edinburgh Wendel Dietterlin the Elder, Years: 2015 – 20 “I. TVSCANA.,” etching (illustration in Dietterlin’s Architectvra und Aüsstheilung der V. Seüln. Das Erst Buch [Stuttgart, 1593]; Bibliothèque nationale et universitaire de Strasbourg, R.10.002,1, Pl. 3. Photo & Collection BNU Strasbourg. The Edifice Undone: Architecture & Artistic Practice in Wendel Dietterlin’s Renaissance

The first monograph on the central architectural theorist of northern Europe between the ages of Albrecht Dürer and Peter Paul Rubens, which explores how artistic techniques came to anchor architectural practice at the advent of modernity.

Clashes over the mediation of The brief text and over two hundred We have long seen the Renaissance I contend that Dietterlin used architecture – a discipline that mixes etchings that Dietterlin crafted for debut of the modern, multimedia architecture’s waxing cosmos of manifold arts and sciences – have his Architectura – released in architect as a conceptual turn, in techniques to dismantle and expand long wrought competing ways of German and Latin/French which architecture became an art of concepts of experiential knowledge conceiving knowledge. From the translations across three instalments cognition and drawing rather than at the dawn of modern empirical tumultuous, sixteenth-century rise in 1593, 1594, and 1598 – portrayed construction. Yet Dietterlin’s thought. of print to current digital innovative syntheses of architecture, Architectura, the first architectural disruptions, architecture’s painting, and sculpture. treatise pitched at non-architects, Related publications: incursions into new media have shows that Renaissance Petcu, E., “Amorphous Ornament: upended conventions of technical The Architectura also radically architecture’s conceptual turn also Wendel Dietterlin and the know-how. presented the five canonical Orders made questions about the medium’s Dissection of Architecture,” Journal of architecture as manners of concrete practices more pressing of The Society of Architectural The Edifice Undone asks how the ornament for all artistic media. The than ever before. The Edifice Undone Historians 77, no. 1 (March 2018), changing media of architecture have result was a new and striking vision recasts the birth of the modern 29-55. shaped concepts of practical of architectural practice as a set of architectural profession by knowledge. Its main character is the procedures contiguous with all attending not only to the material canonical but little-understood other visual arts, and a treatise and textual dimensions Architectura of Strasbourg artist instrumental to the birth of the architecture’s first media revolution, Wendel Dietterlin the Elder (c. modern architect as a designer of but the strategies and methods of 1550-1599), a treatise that negotiated spaces, objects, and even that coup as well. architecture’s fluid epistemic experiences. boundaries as few other Renaissance books. 78 79

By: Moa Carlsson University of Edinburgh Funding: MIT Presidential Fellowship (2014 – 19) Friends of the Landscape Library & Archive at

Reading (FOLAR), Museum Computerized view analysis of of English Rural Life (MERL) quarry by David Jarvis. “ZVI: A Design Tool,” Landscape Design, Olle Engkvist Byggmastare No. 158 (December 1985): 43. Brokering Rurality: Computer Foundation Aided Visions of the Postwar Years: 2014 – 21 British Landscape

This project presents evidence for a new narrative in British planning history, one that embeds the digital computer in one of the most critical and high-stakes debates of the late postwar period: how to achieve efficient and equitable town and country planning amidst rapid industrialization and urbanization.

This project examines technology This happened because civil Related publications: and politics in the evolution of the servants began to exploit the Carlsson M K (2019), Seeing Systems British planning system, and traces general characteristics of mainframe and the Beholding Eye: Computer-Aided the mechanization of land use computers (speed, accuracy, Visions of the Postwar British Landscape. planning work from the Second replicability, and economy) to define Ph.D. thesis, Massachusetts Institute World War to the late 1980s. It joins new ways of representing and of Technology. previous studies on the social and measuring visual phenomena, and political history of computing in of comparing alternative visions of Great Britain, identifying the role of the countryside, using quantitative digital technology in knowledge- “facts” rather than visual images. and cultural production during the The result was an early form of reconstruction of physical, social and computer vision that measured and intellectual landscapes after 1945. quantified rather than depicted Specifically, it analyzes the process landscape, a technology used to by which civil servants in England profoundly transform not only and Scotland – employed by the visualization, representation and CEGB, the National Coal Board, the management practices, but that also British Gas Corporation, and the helped to justify continued South of Scotland Electricity Board industrial expansion. – reduced visual landscape scenery into a quantifiable resource, and how An article is currently under review; they computerized and deployed the eventual aim is an 80,000-word this new “currency” according to the book. interests of their employers. 80 81

By: Peter Clericuzio University of Edinburgh Funding: Fulbright Advanced Student Research Grant, Latner Fund Research Travel Grant, Farquhar Research Travel Fellowship Years: 2005 – present Building a Regional Modernism: Art Nouveau Architecture in Nancy, 1895–1914

A major study of the Art Nouveau architecture of Nancy, and the first in English, which demonstrates how architects in Nancy used the style to create an enduring ‘regional modernism’ that served as an emblem of the resurgent vitality of eastern France in the decades following the disastrous Franco-Prussian War.

Over the last two decades of the Nancy’s architects of this generation helped in many ways distinguish Related publications: belle époque, the city of Nancy in were the first to be trained their strand of Art Nouveau from Clericuzio, Peter (2015), ‘Memory eastern France experienced an professionally en masse at the Ecole that of Paris. Their commitment to and Mass Mobilization: The unprecedented era of economic des Beaux-Arts in Paris, and they an artistic modernism that Material Culture of the Alsace- growth, urban expansion, and used their skills and talents to resonated with an enthusiastic Lorraine Question, 1885–1919,’ building activity. A bevy of reshape the cityscape, constructing regional audience allowed Art in Journal of the Decorative and Emile André and Paul Charbonnier, Renauld Bank, progressive and talented artists, new residential, commercial, Nouveau to survive in Nancy for an Propaganda Arts 27 (Souvenirs and Nancy, 1907–10. architects and industrialists seized industrial, and institutional astonishing two full decades, longer Objects of Remembrance): 172–95. Photo: Peter Clericuzio. on the opportunity to effect a structures for the city’s growing than almost anywhere else in renaissance in the decorative arts, number of leaders in business and Europe. Clericuzio, Peter (2011), ‘Modernity, architecture and design, using the industry, many of whom had Regionalism, and Art Nouveau at style of Art Nouveau as a regional arrived from the ‘lost provinces’ The project has produced numerous the Exposition Internationale de emblem. They attempted to direct in the aftermath of the Franco- conference papers and journal l’Est de la France, 1909,’ in attention in the rest of France to a Prussian War. They were assisted by articles. The principal output is Nineteenth-Century Art Worldwide 10, decidedly regionalist agenda, the city’s cadre of decorative artists a monograph of approximately no. 1 (Spring 2011), www.19thc- opposed to the Parisian in the regional association of artists, 120,000 words, due to be submitted artworldwide.org requisitioning of human and designers, and industrialists to Yale University Press in 2019. material resources from the founded by Emile Gallé in 1901 Clericuzio, Peter (2011), ‘Art provinces for its own benefit and called the Ecole de Nancy, turning Nouveau and the Resistance to especially the recapture of the of their Art Nouveau structures into Germanization in Alsace-Lorraine, Alsace-Lorraine, annexed by total works of art that showcased ca. 1898–1914,’ in University of Germany following the disastrous the wealth and high level of Toronto Art Journal 4: 1–17. 1870–71 Franco-Prussian War. industrialized craftsmanship that 82 83

By: Peter Clericuzio University of Edinburgh Funding: Scholarly Independent Research at Emory Grant, George P. Cuttino Scholarship Years: 2004 – present Le Corbusier, Modernism and Reconstruction in France, 1944–52

A study of Le Corbusier’s early post-World War II career, focusing on his involvement with the French Reconstruction and last attempts to implement his full

Unité d’habitation, Marseilles urban visions as developed during the 1920s–40s, (Le Corbusier, 1948). situating him in the context of larger French discussions Photos: Peter Clericuzio. of the future of modern architecture in the wake of the demise of Vichy and the attempts to fashion a new republican postwar society.

Having been spurned by Philippe Ultimately, the only project of the In a broader sense, this study The principal output of this project Related publications: Pétain’s Vichy regime after offering three that Le Corbusier would considers the uneasiness with which is slated to be a monograph of ca. Clericuzio, Peter (2019), ‘Industry, his services to it in 1940, in 1945 Le realize was the Unité d’Habitation, modern architecture was greeted in 100,000 words, but numerous Craft, and Modern Architecture, Corbusier sought to obtain three which was itself an incomplete France after the Second World War conference papers and two journal and Regional Identity at the Paris commissions from the French portion of a much larger urban in general, focusing on the reasons articles have already appeared. It 1925 and 1937 International Ministry of Reconstruction for new vision that would have been fully for opposition to Le Corbusier’s has also spurred numerous focused Expositions,’ in Journal of Modern building projects after the war: the expressed at either La Rochelle or plans, including a nostalgic explorations into tangential areas of Craft 11, no. 2 (The Hand and the now-famous Unité d’Habitation in Saint-Dié had he been able to conservatism, entrenched cultural interest, such as the development of Machine) (in press) Marseilles, the reconstruction of the implement either plan. The project regionalism, and a strong national French regionalism during the first cities of La Rochelle-La Pallice on traces the history of Le Corbusier’s desire for consensus-building that half of the twentieth century. Clericuzio, Peter (2010), ‘Le the Atlantic coast, and a involvement in each of these three did not appear too extreme, all of Corbusier and the Reconstruction reconstruction plan for the sites; eventually he was forced to which can be linked to the appeal of of Saint-Dié: The Debate Over devastated city of Saint-Dié-des- resign as architect-in-chief at La the Pétain’s Vichy regime and Modernism in France, 1944–46,’ Vosges in eastern France. This Rochelle after his plans for a high which demonstrates the legacy of in Chicago Art Journal 20: 46–71. project analyses the history of these modernist housing scheme met with such entrenched traditions in an era three projects in greater detail, massive public outcry, while similar of architectural history often cited arguing for their importance as the public dissent derailed his attempts for its ruptures from the past and fullest practical expression of Le to hijack the project at Saint-Dié embrace of modernism. Corbusier’s urbanism as developed from the official reconstruction over the previous quarter-century. architects there. 84 85

BY: Michelle Bastian University of Edinburgh WITH: Larissa Pschetz Chris Speed Rebecca Coleman Katerina Ludwig FUNDING: AHRC, Grant Ref AH/J006637/1 CHAPTER 06 Temporal Design YEAR: 2012 – present

We seek to broaden the way time is approached within Culture design and to develop and experiment with design and Theory principles that enable the excavation of time as multiple, unequal and contested.

From critiques of acceleration, to The project includes designed Pschetz, L., Bastian, M., Speed, C. efforts to frame present actions objects, critiques of dominant (2016). Temporal design: looking at within more extended futures, philosophical approaches to clocks, time as social coordination. designers have been increasingly cataloguing art and design projects Proceedings of DRS 2016, Design concerned with how perceptions of that challenge the standard clock, Research Society 50th Anniversary time influence practices and how and a series of Temporal Design Conference. Brighton, UK, 27–30 these perceptions can be influenced workshops. June 2016. by design. In this project, we argue that perspectives of time in design Key outputs: are highly influenced by dominant Pschetz, L. and M. Bastian (2018) narratives that describe time as “Temporal Design: Rethinking time

uniform, external to practices, and in design” Design Studies. Volume The Memorial to Misused Time in a state of continuous acceleration. 56, May, 169–184. by Larissa Pschetz, 2017. We propose Temporal Design as a shift from pace, direction, and Bastian, M. (2017) “Liberating subjective experience towards Clocks: Exploring the looking at time as emerging out of transformative potential of ‘clock- relations between cultural, social, time’” new formations: a journal of economic and political forces. We culture/theory/politics. argue that this pluralist perspective helps to demystify problematic Pschetz, L., Bastian, M., Ludwig, experiences, potentially enabling K. (2017) Memorial to Misused Time more inclusive ways of Installation at Lightnight, Liverpool, 06 understanding time. 19th May 2017. 86 87

BY: Ana Bonet Miro BY: Mark Cousins University of Edinburgh University of Edinburgh YEAR: 2013 – WITH: University of Kasetsart (Bangkok) FUNDING: Erasmus Experts Award 2017 YEAR: 2017 –

Education, Technology and Play: The Development Architecture in south east asia and Transformation of Joan Littlewood’s Fun Palace Programme during the 1960s and 70s

This research represents a new kind of critical Drawing is central to architecture and allows us to investigation of the renowned Fun Palace as discern/discover the essentials of design. This project an emancipatory educational and civic cultural examines the informal architecture of mobile street programme developed in London between food vendors (in SE Asia) and celebrates the aesthetic 1961 and 1975. and societal value of a myriad of nomadic stalls as the antithesis of the sanitized food court. Crafted though the interdisciplinary Paying close attention to the Related publications: collaboration between the radical crucial role of Littlewood in the Bonet Miro, A. (2016) ‘Sigma theatre entrepreneur Joan development and transformation of Portfolio and Bubble City: Ludic South East Asia, and Bangkok in Having spent a month in Bangkok, Related output: Littlewood, architect Cedric Price, the programme, this study aims to Sites for a Mobile Fun Palace particular, is justifiably renown for Mark Cousins completed 31 Exhibition ‘Drawing on Bangkok’ cyberneticist Gordon Pask amongst analyse this mobile educational idea Programme’, Architecture and its vibrant street food, and books drawings (one for each day in at m2 Gallery, London (7 May–1 others, it aimed to construct in its full complexity. Significantly, Culture, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 137–61. such as David Thompson’s epic January 2017) and took some July 2017). Two volume photobook, situations in which self-directed this research will contextualize Thai Street Food (2009) have 1,800 photographs. The drawings ‘Drawing on Bangkok: mobile and playful exchange could activate historically the ideological Bonet Miro, A. (2018), ‘On catalogued individual recipes employ pencil, pen and crayon and architecture and the metropolis’. audiences. By 1964 the Fun Palace investment in the concepts of Playgrounds and the Archive: Joan but the means by which street food endeavour to capture something of had gained momentum, and pleasure and play informing the Littlewood’s Stratford Fair, 1967– is delivered seems to have been the small scale dynamism which the a giant cybernetic infrastructure project, and the hopes attached to 1975’, Architecture and Culture, largely overlooked.This project city authorities seem determined to was depicted within the Civic them. A close examination of the 6:3, 387-398. focuses on the mobile architecture expunge (see article in The Guardian, Trust’s plans for Lea Valley. specific representations held in the of the vendors’ trollies, carts and dated 18th April 2017). However, by the end of the decade, archives and their related media Bonet Miro, A. (2018) ‘From Filmed wagons. Each stall holder’s wagon its social ambitions were conveyed contexts, will unveil the role played Pleasure to Fun Palace’ Arq : is highly personalized and bespoke in a series of community-led by communications technology in Architectural Research Quarterly to the particular food/snack for temporary and local playgrounds distributing democratic ambitions 22.3: 215-224. sale. Each stall is a small-scale emergent in Stratford East. amidst an affluent Britain. (temporary) intervention in the Constantly struggling for a site Ultimately, the research enquires public realm which connects to in the institutional map of London, into the critical role of play and a wider network. the Fun Palace would be realised technology, in advancing informal as a media event, through the and self-directed educational ideals different representations designed as routes to the constitution of new to promote the ambitious idea kinds of subjectivity, at a time of during the 1960s and 70s. momentous social, political and economic change. 88 89

BY: Mark Dorrian BY: Mark Dorrian University of Edinburgh University of Edinburgh WITH: British Museum WITH: John Beck FUNDING: £81,335 University of Westminster British Museum Monument YEAR: 2014 – Trust Visiting Fellowship YEAR: 2017 –19 The Sketchbook as a Cultural Designing the Deep Future: Technology Catastrophe, Containment and the Cultural Imagination

Studying the conditions of emergence of the An archaeology of the ways in which late-modern sketchbook as a material object, a disciplinary tool, technoscientific culture has addressed itself to – and and an instrument of self-fashioning; its historical has imagined projecting itself into – the deep future. transformations; and its relation to changing This book aims to develop an Deep futures never sit within contemporary cultural practices and technological, material and ideological networks. archaeology of the ways in which narratives of continuity with present artifacts, even as they are assembled late-modern technoscientific culture conditions, but it is exactly this that and organised to make claims upon has addressed itself to – and has makes them such peculiarly – and even to colonise – that future. Artists’ and architects’ sketchbooks The research, which will develop And how is its development imagined projecting itself into – symptomatic sites for understanding The container, as the vessel through have usually been considered in through close analyses of selected shaped by the increasing historical the deep future. the latter (how the present which the present conveys or relation to particular bodies of work sketchbooks held in the British separation and proliferation of assembles or ‘designs’ itself for the transmits something to the future, as evidence of specific experiences Museum and other archives, takes a specific disciplinary domains Developing out of a background future; what it selects for salvage; is the characteristic technocultural and artistic processes. This study broad cultural-historical approach of inquiry? within which theories of the earth, its criteria of inclusion or exclusion; artifact of this story and the book moves away from what have to to its material informed by recent natural history, speculative fiction its imagined ethical responsibilities will build up through a series of date primarily been biographical critical work on historical forms of and military-industrial toward those to come; etc.) case-studies that examine and and evidential readings of the media and representation. advancement are closely entwined, expand upon specific, although sketchbook in order to address far-futures thinking developed This is to say that the interlinked, cultural histories of it in its own right as a historical, The study is orientated by clusters through the Cold War era as a postcatastrophic deep future is such projects of containment. physical, and even technological of thematically interlinked complex arena in which geopolitical where the present, any present, form. It is interested in questions of: questions – How do we define the antagonism, competing ideologies, meets its limit conditions – where Related outputs: the conditions of emergence of the sketchbook and is the definition and technological progress met not only material endurance Beck, J. and Dorrian, M. (2014) sketchbook as a material object, a stable across time? When does the with military strategy, emergent but also the possibility of any ‘Postcatastrophic Utopias’, disciplinary tool, and an instrument sketchbook emerge and how does discourses of risk, and assorted communication comes into Cultural Politics, 10(2), pp. 132–50. of self-fashioning; its historical it transform? In what specific visions of the society-to-come. question. We see this, for example, transformations; and its relation to ways has it been mobilised in the Importantly, the deep future is a in contemporary dilemmas over the Beck, J. and Dorrian, M. changing technological, material construction of the cultural condition that extends beyond any marking of radioactive waste sites, (forthcoming) ‘The Future and ideological networks authority of artists and architects? verifiable empirical calculation – which will remain toxic for so long Leaks Out: On Time Capsules, (involving, for example, paper How do the specific formal and and so it is often figured as taking that even the species-condition of Cut-Ups and the Anticipation manufacture, drawing material properties of the place on the other side of some the future addressees of the signs is of Catastrophe’, Theory, Culture instrumentation, technologies sketchbook animate and anticipate catastrophic occurrence that marks uncertain. In this way thinking and Society. of travel – but also aesthetic developments in representational the threshold of knowability. about the deep future critically folds ideologies, concepts of self- technique? back into, and poses questions to, edification, markers of cultural the constitutive limits of authority, etc.) 90 91

BY: Mark Dorrian BY: Mark Dorrian University of Edinburgh University of Edinburgh WITH: Drawing Matter Trust WITH: Christos Kakalis Journal of Architecture University of Newcastle YEAR: 2017 – 2019 Bloomsbury Publishing YEAR: 2016 – 2019

Architectural Lineaments: The Place of Silence: Architecture / Drawing and Narrative in the Media / Philosophy Work of Peter Wilson

A sustained scholarly consideration of the work An exploration of the poetics and politics of of this important contemporary architect. silence in architecture and related media.

Emerging from the Architectural The project addresses this through This edited collection – which At an extreme, silence is often the Publication: Association in the 1970s, Peter a two-day symposium and related incorporates contributions by sign of a limit condition – the Dorrian, M., and Kakalis, C. (2019), Wilson’s work has displayed a very publication. The symposium was internationally recognised scholars silence that falls at the point of The Place of Silence: Architecture / particular and finely-tuned graphic held at ESALA on 9 and 10 April in architecture and the humanities, exhaustion, catastrophe or Media / Philosophy (London: sensibility, involving a heightened 2018 and involved reflections including Gernot Böhme, Paul technological breakdown – or else is Bloomsbury). condition of architectural figuration. upon Peter Wilson’s work by an Carter, and Alberto Pérez-Gómez – taken to mark the traumatic limits Yet despite his significance, the international group of scholars explores the poetics and politics of of experience, as that which testifies range of his production and his and practitioners including Kurt silence in architecture and related to an event beyond any possibility publications, there has been no Forster, Isabelle Doucet, Nigel media through a series of of adequate expression or sustained scholarly consideration Coates, Nicholas Boyarsky, Adrian thematically interlinked chapters. symbolization. And yet at the same of his work. Hawker, Michael Gold, Mark What counts as silence in specific time, silence inheres in the Dorrian, Izabela Wieczorek, situations is highly relative, and the everyday, appearing as the very and Elisabetta Terragni. term itself – which is often linked precondition of communication, to some condition of cessation or as the gap or delay that acts as the The event was held with the interval – carries complex and support of speech, or the spacing collaboration and support of the varied significations that make it a that forms the condition of legibility Drawing Matter Trust and included revealing field of study. Thus while, of written text. Divided into four a lecture and open discussion with on one hand, the often-remarked thematic sections – Mediating Peter Wilson himself. A special issue upon contemporary ‘loss of silence’ Silence, Material Silences, Practicing of the Journal of Architecture, based has been frequently linked to Silence, and Silence and the Senses on the proceedings, is currently in a disappearance of reflection – the chapters of the book unfold preparation. or inwardness, silence has also, a rich and complementary array on the other, been understood of perspectives on architecture and as a condition of intensified silence. Together, these build into outwardness – of heightened a volume that will form the key attention, anticipation, suspense scholarly resource on this topic or expanded listening. 92 93

BY: Fiona McLachlan BY: Liam Ross University of Edinburgh University of Edinburgh WITH: Antonio Malinowski YEAR: 2012 – 2018 Adam Nathaniel Furman Ivana Wingham YEAR: 2011 –

Saturated Space: Architecture Standard Side Effects: of Colour The Accidental Architectures of Fire-Safety Regulation

This project investigates the roles played by colour in Drawing-out the unintended consequences architecture. of building standardisation.

Colour as a metaphysical The current research is projected to These observations will offer the This PhD explores the messy The research employs concepts and Looking for discrepancies between phenomenon, enlightens and lead to outputs including a co- reader a narrative journey of poetry interaction of political and methods drawn from Infrastructure the stated intention of the invigorates, yet is frequently edited book which will present and precision focused on the architectural questions within Studies.It understands such codes, regulations and their consequences misunderstood or neglected as an personal reflections from sublime experience of colour as a processes of building standards and regulations as both on the ground, the thesis argues instrument in the design of space. neuroesthetics, chemistry, earth sensual spatial modifier. Saturated standardization. It studies the discursive and material formations; that as mode of ‘reflexive This research builds on a long- science, mathematics, physics, Space: Architecture of Colour governmental intent of such processes through which modernization’, the collateral standing interest in colour and a chemical biology and nanoscience; represents an, as yet, unseen processes; the problems they governmental ways of thinking consequences of regulatory significant body of practice specific works from practitioners in engagement with a world of respond to, the rationales they are constituted and mediated processes are in fact central experience, including work for the art and architecture and insights numerous thresholds in which employ, their particular ways through practical application. to their governmental effect. On University of Edinburgh. Several from commentators, theoreticians colour and architecture interact. of seeing, and the roles and this basis it suggests architects publications have been produced, and critics in art and literature – responsibilities they define. The methodology followed is one realise the capacity for building including Architectural Colour in the each in their own field, a ‘saturated Relevant outputs: It also studies the practical effects, of an ‘Infrastructural Inversion’; design to engage with and re-shape Professional Palette (2012) and the space practitioner’. Together they www.saturatedspace.org and the unintended side-effects, the research aims to uncover the governmentality. co-authored book Colour Strategies demonstrate a search for this unique of such processes; the ways in assumptions and sidings embedded in Architecture, (2015). and optically chiasmic space of www.issuu.com/saturatedspace which those caught up in legislative within our built environment Related outputs: saturation, one that is contingent Saturated Space Symposium frameworks re-direct them to by focussing on its embedded Ross, L. (2015) ‘On the Materiality to the practice of colour and their own purposes. standards and codes, making them of Law: Spatial and Legal architecture at urban, interior, London, November 2016: visible through both historical and Appropriations of the Lagos object and molecular level. www.youtube.com/ Liam Ross and Max Ochel Spectres of by-design analysis. The research Set-Back’, Architectural Theory Edo Castle. Urban Fire Walls (white) watch?v=BjONz7x5NSg&t=938s Fire Risk (Red), 2016. topic is framed through a focus on Review 20, no. 2, May, pp. 247–65. fire-safety regulation, and operates through comparative case-studies. Ross, L. (2015) ‘Regulatory Spaces, These studies analyse a number of Physical and Metaphorical: On the cities; Edinburgh, Lagos, Tokyo and legal and spatial occupation of London. In each case, they study the fire-safety legislation’ in Thomas, formative effect of a single specific Katie Lloyd, Tilo Amhoff, and Nick regulatory requirement; travel Beech. Industries of Architecture, distance, set-back, fire-walls, London: Routledge, pp 235–45. egress time. 94 95

BY: Miguel Paredes By: Simone Ferracina University of Edinburgh University of Edinburgh YEAR: 2016 – With: Punctum Books Years: 2010 – Miguel Paredes Maldonado, Ugly, Useless, Unstable.

Ugly, Useless, Unstable: new ΠCase Files / Organs materialisms and projective Everywhere processes in architecture

A monograph presenting three different takes on ΠCase Files is a joint imprint of punctum books the contemporary discourses of New Materialism, and the online journal Organs Everywhere, and deployed through the perspective of architectural a platform for questioning the scope and methods design and aimed at an architectural readership. of architectural design.

Ugly, Useless, Unstable is a axiomatic character of the classical Related publications: Organs Everywhere (Œ) is an The journal values transdisciplinary, Key related publications: monograph presenting a series by repositioning it as an occasional Paredes Maldonado, M. ‘The independent online journal that, speculative and irreverent Ferracina, S. (ed) (forthcoming) Œ of contemporary takes on Neo- occurrence within an extended Limits of the Useful: Revising since 2010, has been active in explorations over strict publishing Case Files, Volume 1: Technological Materialist thought, deployed landscape of potential productive the Operational Framework promoting conversations that formats and academic purity/ Horizons, punctum books. through an architectural design processes. This framework is of Usefulness in Architectural approach architectural design from orthodoxy, promoting a profanatory perspective and aimed at an developed throughout the three Production’, Drawing On: Journal the edges of the discipline, plunging and open-ended research ethos. The Ferracina, S. (ed) (2017) Organs architectural audience. This book main chapters of the monograph, of Architecture Research by Design, it into a strange fabric of marginal investigations collected have the Everywhere No.5: Ghostly. traces relevant strands of 20th tapping into a theoretical lineage 1 (2018), 85–98. and experimental practices that potential to redraw the disciplinary century post-structuralism and their that conjoins the work of Henri fundamentally question its map of architecture and design, Websites: gradual evolution towards 21st Bergson, Gilles Deleuze, Bernard Work exhibited at the 16th Venice boundaries, technologies, methods with a particular interest in hertzian organseverywhere.com century neo-materialist ontologies, Cache and Manuel de Landa Biennale, Spanish Pavilion (May– and evaluation systems. space, cyborgian extensions, wet/ investigating their potential to (among others) through the notion Nov 2018). Contributions combine research living technologies, material punctumbooks.com/imprints/ challenge the classical canonical of possibility spaces. Each chapter perspectives from architects, computation, augmented reality, oe-case-files framework for both the description endeavours to tackle one classical Paredes Maldonado, M. 2018, designers, philosophers, artists, design fiction, prototyping, queer and the production of the built trope – Beauty, Utility and Stability ‘Anexact-but-Rigorous: Territorial science fiction writers, activists, and monstrous ecologies, environment. The starting – and dissolve it into a broader Delimitations in the Work of Sejima poets, and scientists. responsive and adaptive design, theoretical argument develops continuum of heterogeneous and Nishizawa’, Drawing On: radical and exaptive modes of a reassessment of the classical production, ultimately articulating Journal of Architecture Research inhabiting, post-natural futurism, apparatus, exposing it as a how this non-hierarchical space of by Design, 2. up-cycling, and alternative contingent value structure that has potentials can be mobilized as a notational systems. been inherited from comprehensive methodological approach to both Website: conceptualisation efforts carried design and judgement in www.miguelparedes.org out throughout the Western architecture. Enlightenment. This value structure is confronted with a non-binary framework of development and evaluation, which destabilises the 96 97

By: Simone Ferracina University of Edinburgh Years: 2012 –

Ecologies of Inception: Design as Exaptive Tuning

A theoretical and methodological reappraisal of potentiality – understood broadly as the ability of materials to change – in architecture and design.

The project re-thinks the still- While the central resulting concept The project introduces an exaptive Key related publications: Exhibitions: Simone Ferracina and Pierangelo prevailing modern paradigm of – ‘ecology of inception (EoI – accounts paradigm for design that, inspired Scravaglieri, The Memory of Ferracina, S. (In press) ‘Exaptive Sparks of Life: Frankenstein and Parts, Detail of Totem, Newcastle- design practice: the technical tabula for the equipmental enclosures by (and building upon) Design: Radical co-authorship as regeneration at Carliol House, upon-Tyne, 2017. rasa, a tendency to begin from within which networks of tools are evolutionary biology, hacking, method’, in Rachel Armstrong (ed), Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Being scratch and use raw, amorphous inscribed and called to perform adaptive reuse, and improvisational Experimental Architecture: Prototyping Human Festival: Lost and Found and compliant materials that can be specific tasks, it is also responsible practices such as collage, adhocism, the unknown through design-led (November 2017) easily and effectively manipulated, for setting the criteria whereby bricolage, kit-bashing and jazz, research, Routledge, pp. 121–143. facilitating a seamless and faithful objects will become obsolete. Here, refuses to reduce pre-existing Self-Built Utopias, Northern Stage, embodiment of intentions. through the notion of ‘ecology of material substrates to abstract lists Armstrong, R., Ferracina, S., Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Great suspension (EoS)’ and the of properties or featureless lumps, Hughes, R., Kakalis, C. (In press) Exhibition of the North (June- This predominant modus operandi is philosophies of Giorgio Agamben encountering them on their own ‘Notating Silences and Absences’, in September 2018) grounded in the hylomorphic and Graham Harman, the text terms—as situated individuals and Christos Kakalis (ed) Architecture philosophy of Aristotle, which proposes an alternative mode of co-authors. and Silence, Routledge. associates matter with potentiality ‘deep’ material valorisation that is and form with actuality, thus affirmed in excess of use values, Armstrong, R., Ferracina, S., foreclosing the ability of formed/ functional scripts, relationality and Hughes, R., Kakalis, C. (In press) individuated objects to change. A molecular obedience, and in ‘Notating Not Knowing: The theoretical framework is developed defiance of established Oceanic Challenge to Format and to neutralise such a view and, more quantification and justification Medium’, Edinburgh Architecture generally, understand how design protocols. Research (EAR) journal, vol.36. and manufacturing processes generate and maintain potentials in Ferracina, S. (2017) ‘Exaptive space and time. Materials’, in Rachel Armstrong, Simone Ferracina, Rolf Hughes & Kristi Grišakov (eds), Designing with Demons: In search of living bricks in Estonia. A workshop at TTU Academy of Architecture and Urban Studies. 98 99

BY: Penny Travlou BY: Suzanne Ewing University of Edinburgh University of Edinburgh With: Dr Gabriela Avram WITH: Igea Troiani University of Limerick Year: 2015 – 20 Prof Myriam Lewkowicz Université de Technologie de Troyes Professor Volkmar Pipek University of Siegen CA COST Action CA16121: From Professor Maurizio Teli Visual Research Methodologies Madeira Interactive Sharing to Caring: Examining Technologies Institute in Architecture Funding: COST – EU Framework Socio-Technical Aspects of Programme Horizon 2020 the Collaborative Economy Year: 2017 – 2021

A new cross-European research network This co-edited book sets out visual methodologies on the study of the collaborative economy. for architectural research.

The main objective of this action (iii) To formulate a European The Action will produce online Twenty-four contributors use visual The emergence of studies in visual Related publications: is to develop a European network research agenda for the socio- resources including publications texts including drawings, diagrams, culture has changed the research Troiani, I and Ewing, S eds. of actors (including scholars, technical aspects of the offering a comprehensive view of paintings, visual devices, methodologies practiced by many (forthcoming 2020) Visual Research practitioners, communities and collaborative economy, including the current European collaborative photography, film and hybrid forms humanities disciplines, and we Methods in Architecture, Intellect, policy makers) focusing on the specifically the design of future economy and socio-technical and of visualisations through which to expose critical positions on these University of Chicago Press development of collaborative technological platforms, the policy recommendations for the research architecture, landscape (Krauss in Art History, Pink in economy models and platforms technical infrastructure, their future. design and interior architecture. Ethnography, and Rose in Cultural Troiani, I and Ewing, S (forthcoming and on social and technological legal, ethical and financial The visual methods intersect those Geography etc.), and reflect on how 2020) ‘Introduction: Visual Research implications of the collaborative implications; Related publications: used in ethnography, anthropology, architecture might use ‘visuality’ as Methods in Architecture: New economy through a practice-focused Margariti, E. and Travlou, P. (2018) visual culture and media studies. a research method so as to increase forms of ‘Critical Visualisation’, approach. (iv) To articulate a European Sharing within a city in crisis: Two This book offers a distinctive the architectural researcher’s visual in Ewing S + Troiani, I eds. Visual research perspective on the ICTs-supported P2P economic approach to the use of visual literacy. It aims to present a range of Research Methodologies in The specific aims of the proposal collaborative economy, based on networks in Thessaloniki, Northern methodologies for qualitative inter-disciplinary approaches which Architecture, Intellect. are: EU values of social innovation, Greece. International Journal of architectural research. It presents open up territory for new forms of and in line with the Europe Electronic Governance. a diverse, but not comprehensive, visual architectural scholarship. (i) To develop a deeper 2020 strategy objective to selection of ways for the architect or understanding of the become a smart, sustainable and Website: architectural researcher to use their The research for this book has collaborative economy inclusive economy by 2020. http://sharingandcaring.eu/ gaze as part of their research been developed from a symposium phenomenon in all its aspects, practice for the purpose of visual chaired by Troiani and Ewing at by studying in-depth the literacy. Its contributors explore the All Ireland Research Group sociotechnical systems and COST Action: From Sharing and use, what we term, ‘Critical (Dublin, 2014), presentation at the human practices involved, to Caring. Image: Penny Travlou. Visualisations’ which employ AHRA Postgraduate symposium comparing and reflecting upon observation and socio-cultural (Sheffield, 2016) and is also local, regional, national and critique through the creation of informed by their ongoing international initiatives; visual texts, drawings, diagrams, collaborative work on publication paintings, visual devices, of interdisciplinary research (ii) To discuss and critique photography, film and their hybrid and criticism as co-editors of elements of the current discourse forms. The book positions these in peer-reviewed journal, Architecture on the collaborative economy, relation to visual methods practiced and Culture. and proposing a richer definition in ethnography, anthropology, and characterisation of the visual culture and media studies. phenomenon; 100 101

BY: Suzanne Ewing BY: Dorian Wiszniewski University of Edinburgh University of Edinburgh WITH: Archifringe With: Dilip da Cunha YEAR: 2019 – Harvard Graduate School of Design and Columbia Graduate School Anuradha Mathur Penn Design Inge Panneels Voices of Experience: Women Ecosophic Urbanism and University of Sunderland Making Modern Scotland “Oceans of Wetness” Years: 2014 –

‘Voices of Experience’ is a collaborative project which Using the vehicles of design studios, seminars, workshops, choreographs site-based conversations between exhibitions and publications, this ongoing research has architects at different stages of their career. been exploring different ways of drawing the urban landscape, most recently, from the perspective of water. The project formed part of the The contextual focus is late During events which have continued Glasgow Women’s Library’s 25th twentieth century Scotland, at into 2019, they discussed their work Autumn and Spring Programme a time when building Scotland and shared their experience of “Ocean of Wetness, is a Recent research-by-design Related outputs: (2016–17) and is developing an oral again offers a foregrounded clarity working within Cumbernauld New transdisciplinary platform, a critical experiments have been undertaken Wiszniewski. D., Bombay City and material archive in partnership to the social and public purpose Town, the Clyde Valley, Glasgow design practice, and a pedagogical in India (Bombay and Calcutta) and Wise (Edinburgh: Ampersand, with GWL, Architecture Fringe of architecture (Building Scotland, Necropolis, Linlithgow, and initiative that asks if we have been so Scotland (Selkirk). They open up 2016) editor. Wiszniewski. D., 2017, Collective Architecture, Alan Reiach and Robert Hurd, Edinburgh’s historic centre and consumed by the vocabulary of land different understandings of Bombay City Wise-Parasituation ESALA and Panel. The project 1938; Rebuilding Scotland, The University quarter. Insights include and water that (a) we miss or fail to important existing urban/landscape [Mumbai], in Bombay City Wise asks how role models and built Postwar vision 1945–1975, Miles how architects discover their understand peoples who devise other contexts and have four main (Edinburgh: Ampersand, 2016) environment histories might be Glendinning, 1997). Contributors preoccupations, strengths, range and ways to inhabit ubiquitous wetness; objectives: pp.3–8. Wiszniewski. D., Prôeme re-thought and accessed in new to the project have included niche through different working (b) we deny the possibilities of a new Mumbai Monsoon – Ponge Rain, ways through listening to architect Margaret Richards relationships and formats; resonating imagination capable of solving today’s 1. To visualise these contexts in in Bombay City Wise (Edinburgh: experienced architects, planners, (formerly of RMJM), conservation experiences of women entering into problems without perpetuating the ways that conventional models Ampersand, 2016) pp.9–14. designers, engineers who have architect Fiona Sinclair, architect/ architectural education decades apart; ground that created them.” of urban planning tend to not been written into professional historian Dorothy Bell, teacher/ and the making and remaking of obscure; Wiszniewski. D., Parasituation myths, mainstream history and architect Anne Duff, architect/ homes and work at different stages Dilip da Cunha [Mumbai], in Bombay City Wise public consciousness. planner Kirsteen Borland, architect of life and outlook. 2. To supplement existing urban (Edinburgh: Ampersand, 2016) Denise Bennetts and conservation Drawing Lines: Taking Measures, planning methods with new pp.53–66. Wiszniewski. D, Installation, Dorian Wiszniewski, Motivated by the lack of architect, Jocelyn Cunliffe. They Related outputs: Exhibition, The Haining, Selkirk, visual agencies; Reflections, Water, Architecture, experiential (hi)stories of have been joined by Mairi Laverty, Ewing, S., (2018) ‘Making (Hi) May, 2016. Art and Co-Creativity, in architectural practice and projects, Nicola Mclachlan, Cathy Houston stories of Women in Scottish 3. To bring ecological and human Reflections, Glass: Water: Art: and with ambition to steward new and Emma Fairhurst of Collective Architecture’, in Franchini, C and relations into systems of urban Science, ed. Inge Panneels practice-based disciplinary stories, Architecture, Glasgow, Heather Garda, E, Chapter G, ‘Women as analysis and design; and, (Edinburgh: Ampersand, 2016) the project constructs a series of Claridge of Glasgow City Council, Subjects: Documentation, pp.34–49. conversations between a highly Melanie Hay, conservation architect Methodology, Interpretation and 4. To speculate in existing experienced architect and an and Grace Marks, coordinator of Enhancement’, Women’s Creativity conditions to frame new possible architect at the outset of their RADIAL project. since the Modern Movement (1918- infrastructures between ecologies. career who have a project site 2018): Toward a New Perception and or thematic concern in common. Reception. Serazin, H., Francini, C. & Garda, E. (eds.). Ljubljana: Zalozba ZRC, p. 1082-1091 102 103

By: Dorian Wiszniewski University of Edinburgh With: Chris French Maria Mitsoula Piotr Lesniak Kostas Avramidis Year: 2014 – Drawing On – Journal of Architectural Research By Design (ISSN 2059–9978)

Alexander Brodsky, Pavilion for Vodka Ceremonies, 2003, ArtKlyazma Art Festival, from Space Drawing: A Conversation with Alexander Brodsky, Alexander Brodsky, Mark Dorrian, Richard Anderson, Drawing On 2, Surface and Drawing On is a peer-reviewed International e-journal. Installation, p.VI. It provides a platform for developing topics associated with or addressed through design-led research into architecture.

The ambition of the journal is to To this end the journal adds to the Sydney in September 2018, which promote a closer, more direct conventional format of a peer- will attempt to pool the Research- engagement between the author, reviewed journal, an additional By-Design currently being their research material and the space of presentation intended undertaken in the Australasian reader, all of whom play a role in to show design-research material continent. This issue will be creating an interestingly rich in different lights. published prior to their second ADR plenitude in architectural thinking conference scheduled for Monash and imagining. The simple premise Drawing On is a biennial University, Australia, in 2019. guiding Drawing On is that design- publication. Each issue draws on a led research involves, and indeed specific subject, situation, theme or Related outputs: relies upon, multiple modes and idea. This may include issues linked Wiszniewski, D., Drawing On, Issue means to fully elaborate its to particular events, exhibitions or 1, Presents, 09/2015, http://www. thinking. conferences. Currently there is a drawingon.org, ISSN 2059–9978, pool of no less than 21 International Editor. Drawing On thus presents multiple Scholars acting as reviewers. This media, for example, including text, will grow. Thus far, two issues have Wiszniewski, D. Prologue: Drawing images and notes, video, audio, been published: Drawing On On Plenitude and Emptiness, in animation, photography, paintings, Presents and Drawing On Surface and Drawing On, Issue 1, Presents, drawings, documentation of Installation. A third call will be 09/2015, ISSN 2059–9978, pp. 1–6. models, and designed texts. issued soon. However, a major new The reading of the work involves collaboration with the Australian Wiszniewski, D., Drawing On, Issue reading across these multiple schools of Architecture has also just 2, Surface and Installation, 03/2018, modes, and allows for various been agreed. Drawing On will http://www.drawingon.org, ISSN formats to take the lead in publish select papers from a 2059–9978, Editor. communicating the means, outputs significant Architectural Design and methods of design-led research. Research International Conference to be held in the University of 104 105

BY: by: Miguel Paredes Maldonado Francisca Lima University of Edinburgh University of Edinburgh YEAR: YEAR: 2017 – 2018 – 23

Knowledge by Other Means: Data- Landscapes of Abandonment driven machinic epistemologies and Inhabitation: spaces of fear, pleasure, conquest, retreat and everyday life

Knowledge by Other Means is an epistemological Faraway and everyday landscape typologies exploration of data-driven drawing processes as carried shape human inhabitation, as well as cosmogonies, out by a custom-built robotic apparatus, identifying cosmologies, myths and folklore of different non-computable elements of thought in the development human cultures. of spatialized digital intelligence. These spaces are sometimes the place of conquest, other times the Half a decade past the consolidation More specifically, this enquiry looks ‘anexact’ drawing research place of retreat; sometimes regarded of the first ‘Digital Turn’ in into the processes carried out by a methodology that further elaborates with fear, other times with architecture, contemporary custom-built robotic drawing on the durational and multiplicitous fascination. The same landscape designers seem to have decidedly machine, tracing dynamic vector aspects of the data-based drawings. typologies can be the archetypical embraced the unprecedented power data streams collated from a variety This body of work is reflected on image of inhabitation, and the of machinic thinking, subsequently of spatial sources. This hybrid as a visual research methodology, archetypical image of abandonment. adopting its embedded logical digital-analogue apparatus draws which taps into Bernard Cache’s processes. We may, however, pose from a long historical lineage of interest in architectural computation This project aims to unfold some of a critical question in the context of vector-based machinic systems as a way to pursue philosophical the meanings of landscape through this ‘second computational turn’: designed for architectural drafting. knowledge ‘by other means’ and the lenses of abandonment and Are there any non-computable Situating themselves between the into Gilbert Simondon’s notion inhabitation, shedding light over elements of thought in the human hand and the surface of the of the ‘technical ensemble’ – the pertinence of some concepts development of spatialized paper, those machines acted as emphasising the productive forms in particular historical periods, digital intelligence? carriers of embodied spatial of indetermination emerging from and the cause of their oblivion in Image: Francisca Lima. knowledge that could be selectively its internal informational transfers- others, for example, concepts of In answering this question, actualised into specific design nature and environment; wilderness the project unpacks a series processes and materialisations. Related publications: and sublime. of productive relationships Paredes Maldonado, M. ‘Duration intersecting drawing and the Deploying a range of intertwined and Anexactitude: what is at stake Both a teaching and a research passing of time, operating at digital and analogue media, this with data-based urban drawing in project, it is being developed in the various scales and developed in machinic environment is used to research?’ In Visual Methodologies in form of an elective course in the the context of a data-driven articulate a data-based drawing Architectural Research, Ewing, S. and University of Edinburgh and design environment. research practice and a subsequent Troiani, I. (eds), Intellect (2018). simultaneously a book proposal. 106 107

By: Elinor Scarth By: Elinor Scarth University of Edinburgh University of Edinburgh With: Anaïs Chanon With: Leonie Mhari Lisa Mackenzie Years: January 2019 – GRAFT Years: 2017 – ongoing

Territories of To where it may Entanglements concern

A research project exploring the coastal landscapes of the Performance, spoken word and design led investigation north west highlands in the context of contemporary exploring the conceptualisation of landscapes and the socio-ecological transitions. transposition of narratives in the context of colonialism and globalisation. The widely accepted picturesque This landscape architecture design- Publication: beauty of the northern Highlands led research project seeks to develop Public exhibition planned for 2020. dissimulates contemporary realities the following questions: In light of A Scottish landscape, collected in The work explores how perceptions Live performances: and complex social, ecological and declining fossil fuel resources, is it Armadale, Skye and Armadale, and projections of landscape Mhari, L. and Scarth, E. (2019). political histories. The paradoxes, appropriate to promote this form of West Lothian has been delivered to influence how people experience an ‘To where it may concern’, problematics and potentials present travel and tourism in Scotland and Armidale, New South Wales. environment as a place situated Grounding Story conference. in the landscapes of the north of in other northern territories where Transported in a wardrobe trunk, it with stories. Each time the Association for the Study of Scotland have recently been pulled similar approaches have been contains new geologies, old conceptual landscape is performed, Literature, Environment and into focus by the designation, in deployed? Is it acceptable, today, to geologies, sketches, reels, reams, it is unfolded through a 15 minute Culture – Australia and New 2014, of the North Coast 500 tourist advertise a tourist experience light, so much light, lino prints, spoken word performance. Zealand, University of New route. Indeed, the marketing of the grounded in picturesque cyanotypes. The contents of the England, 13–15 February. NC500 initiative appears to be constructions without trunk are an overlapping narrative Whilst collecting and transposing based upon two premises. Firstly, acknowledging the social and performance which highlights narratives, the work seeks to engage Mhari, L. and Scarth, E. (2019). the focus on the experience from the ecological nuances of these collective aspects of weathering in with scales of time. For example, the ‘To where it may concern’, route advocates the landscape as an landscapes? How does this the actants of the combined notion Torbanite geologies of New South Storytelling and the Environment: exclusively visual experience. designation sit alongside Scotland’s of the ‘Scottish landscape’ as it Wales, named after Torbane Hill, 13th Annual Storytelling Secondly, the road trip mindset 2050 Climate Vision and, more travels around the World. West Lothian, slag heaps, Symposium. The George Ewart suggests an individual automobile broadly, alongside a future socio- (Weathering is considered as demonstrate new geologies of Evans Centre for Storytelling, experience, a journey into an ecological transition? Since growth proposed in Neimanis, A. & displacement. The performance University of South Wales, apparent “wilderness” in truth in tourism and natural capital Hamilton, J.M., 2018. ‘Weathering’, explores manifest pressures of 12–13 April. partly forced upon these landscapes enhancement hinge upon Feminist Review, 118, pp. 80–84.) colonization, capitalism and climate through one of the most violent sustainable stewardship of the Since its original conception this change. The project engages with Publication: episodes of Scotland’s recent past: landscape, how might initiatives conceptual landscape has been divergent perceptions of the A film documenting the The Highland Clearances. such as the NC500 be developed transposed from New South Wales environment, while interrogating performance in progress to through a more inclusive landscape to South Wales. This project the conflicting and combined be released 2019. led approach? investigates the ways in which narratives that create landscapes people project their own that are more than a physical understanding of ‘landscape’ on to manifestation. environments that they come into contact with. 108 109

BY: Tiago Torres-Campos University of Edinburgh YEAR: 2014 – 2020

Manhattan Geologic(s): Representability of an Island-City

With a focus on the geologic conditions of scale, frame, and ground in Manhattan, this research by design project 3 Foregrounding Manhattan’s Geologic Conditions on 125th unsettles issues and questions limits involved in the Street geological fault, Manhattan (2016). Model and photograph geo-representability of the island-city. by T. Torres-Campos.

The dominant logics of the two- Manhattan begins to reveal thicker critical reflection on the agency dimensional grid that extruded into complexities following other types of representation and on the ability what Manhattan is today have of logic, which complicate and to represent (or representability of) Above postulated a clear cut from the enmesh its own contemporary the geologic(s) of the island-city. 1 Oscillation between the promise 2 Manhhattan’s Geotaxonomies 4 Manhattan’s system of island’s own territorial past to situation. of geologic stability of Manhattan of the Fantastic. Recrystallisation parks organised as a geologic anchored onto the bedrock and the of Downtown (Extract) (2018). constellation, represented generate a synthetic surface from Related publications: instabilities emerging from Drawing by T. Torres-Campos. in deep section (2015). transcalar correlations between Drawing by T. Torres-Campos. which robust forms of capitalism, In this project, three influential Torres-Campos, T. (2018) ‘Silence the city and its environment power, labour, real-estate, and architectural manifestos from the in the Middle Ground. Aesthetic (2015). Drawing by retailing accumulate in vertical last three decades of the twentieth- Immersion in the Geologic’, in Mark T. Torres-Campos. densities, and nature is but a century – ‘Delirious New York’ Dorrian and Christos Kakalis (eds), reinvention of cultural phenomena. (Rem Koolhaas, 1978), ‘Manhattan The Place of Silence: Experience, These logics conceal heterotopic Transcripts’ (Bernard Tschumi, Environment and Affect, Bloomsbury. geopolitical ground conditions of 1981), and ‘Lower Manhattan’ the island, frame events within and (Lebbeus Woods, 1998) – are Torres-Campos, T. (2016) out with the grid’s geometries and analysed as means to develop a ‘Foregrounding the Geologic. A orientations, and scale the city with contextualization of Manhattan device for working in Manhattan’s the crystallised chaotic laboratory supported by an Anthropocenic faults’, in Journal of Architecture and of the skyscraper mineralogy. thought and representational Culture, Vol 4, Issue 2, Diana Periton sensibility. From the analysis of (ed), Taylor & Francis). When contextualised in the these three archival sources as emerging Anthropocene debate, meaningful exercises of speculative Torres-Campos, T. (2016) which proposes an expansion of fiction – they are narrated imagined ‘Manhattan’s Geologic material and temporal frames and realities – in relationship to geo- Delineations’, in Ground-Up Journal a collapse of human and earth conditions of scale, frame and of Landscape Architecture, Issue 05 geo-conditions, whilst ground, the experimentation Delineations, University of problematising supposed divisions through text and design-led California. between nature and culture, investigations gestures towards 110 111

BY: Tiago Torres-Campos University of Edinburgh wITH: Benek Cincik funding: Moray Endowment Fund (UoE), RKE Committee Fund (UoE), Edinburgh Environmental Humanities Network (2017) Postcards from the Anthropocene: YEAR: 2017 – 2019 Unsettling the Geopolitics of Representation

A key trans-disciplinary project in the emergent field of geohumanities, which looks at how the epistemic shifts implied by the Anthropocene debate may transform the way we think about representation and, more specifically, its geopolitics.

Originating as a hypothesis in earth This collective project encourages Drawing on the wide-ranging sciences, the term ‘Anthropocene’ explorations of the Antropocenic contributions to the recent designates a new geological epoch thought and artistic sensibility international symposium and in which humans are defined as a through the motif of postcards. parallel exhibition ‘The Other dominant geomorphic force, acting We conceptualise postcards as Side’ (June 2017), an edited book upon the Earth’s planetary system. documentary space-time snapshots, is currently being prepared with Since its emergence, however, the which convey complex assemblages curated submissions from important Anthropocene has moved beyond of dynamic, non-linear, scholars and practitioners across being a concept limited to geology unpredictable, ad-hoc networks multiple disciplines in the arts and has provoked an ever- between interdependent and and humanities. expanding debate that traverses transcalar actors. The assembled disciplinary boundaries. It unsettles postcards raise questions about Related publications: conventional conceptions of the the ethical and political challenges Cincik, B. &Torres-Campos, T. (eds) human, nonhuman and inhuman, of the dominant modes of (forthcoming) Postcards from the ‘The Other Side’, Postcards from Anthropocene: Unsettling the the Anthropocene Symposium and it problematises supposed technoscientific knowledge (June 2017). Photographs by divisions between nature and production, modes that are Geopolitics of Representation, DPR Cincik and Torres-Campos. culture. It has come to underpin a constituted through existing power Barcelona. strong narrative of human resource relationships, subject positions, and exploitation, planetary thresholds differences, and that perpetuate Website: and environmental urgency and has current inequalities. They aim to www.postcardsfromthe gained prominence as a key concept indicate new streams of speculative anthropocene.com for thinking about what the present and creative geopolitical means and the possibilities it holds imaginaries and forms of collective for the future. subjectivity that recalibrate existing value systems and open up alternatives. 112 113

By: Dorian Wiszniewski University of Edinburgh With: L Paul Pattinson University of Edinburgh Sukanya Mitra Loreto College, Kolkata Amit Chaudhuri University of East Anglia Indian Modernity Years: 2013

Extended everyday discourse is either cause or symptom of Amartya Sen’s The Argumentative Indian; he says, “Prolixity is not alien to us in India. We are able to talk at some length… We do like to speak.”1

Sen sees this tendency towards It sees history as a continuity, Key related publications: loquacity as the basis of “democracy neither in progress nor decline. It Wiszniewski, D. (2019), Argufying as public reasoning.”2 This is the pursues a critical optimism of what Calcutta, Parsituation [Kolkata] same “heterodox” communicative it is like to be in India, living for the (Scotland: Wedge Publications, principle that we suggest lies at the moment, looking to futurity but not 2019) With essays by Dilip da heart of what can be called Indian ignorant of the past. Modernity, Cunha, Amit Chaudhuri, and modernity, a humanism that is thus, is evident in many periods. Gijs Wallis De Vries. environmental and intersubjective India’s heritage cares about who in character rather than inherits what from whom and that Wiszniewski, D. (2019), ‘Calcutta, anthropocentric and objective. it is invested wisely, economically India: South Calcutta and East Modernity, as the OED tells us, is and culturally. Our research Bengali Community Housing, “an intellectual tendency or social suggests that these tendencies Post-Partition, 1905 – A Collective perspective characterized by can be framed ecosophically, Life of Indian Modernity’ departure from or repudiation of cosmopolitically. Therefore, the (Architecture and Collective Life, traditional ideas, doctrines, and most important moment of AHRC Conference, November cultural values in favour of modernity is the relevance of the 2019), part of a panel session framed contemporary or radical values and futurity of a then as it intersects and chaired by Wiszniewski, beliefs.” Our research tells us this is with a newly relevant now, and entitled ‘Language, Situation, only partly right. We suggest that for us as architects, in a predictive Speculation and the Architecture Indian Modernity gives us a adequation of futurity. Our methods of The Collective’, and involving Photo: Dorian Wiszniewski, different impetus altogether. Indian are therefore as speculative as three other ESALA colleagues: June 2014. modernity proposes being in the analytical, as predictive as Chris French, Maria Mitsoula, moment over either glorification theoretical, but always invested in and Ella Chmielewska. or repudiation of a past. an optimism and wisdom found 1 Amartya Sen, The Argumentative Indian, Writings both cosmo-logically and cosmo- on Indian Culture, History and Identity (London: politically in India. Penguin Books, 2006), p.3. 2 Ibid. pp12–16. 114 115

By: Dorian Wiszniewski University of Edinburgh With: Randall Teal Pekka Passinmaki ALA Architects Roger Connah Funding: Small research grants from host institutions Reima Pietilä and Years: 2015 – ongoing Research By Design

Reima Pietilä was considered “Modern Architecture Challenger” in his native Finland. His theories and methods were progressive and often considered controversial particularly as they offered a different trajectory to Finnishness and Internationalism attributed to the work and legacies of Alvar Aalto.

Conceptual Section, Pietilä Archive, 1963 (first phase This research project considers It takes theoretical impetus The paper offers a view not only Related publications: of design), accessed and Reima Pietilä’s oeuvre as a long- primarily from Giorgio Agamben of how gesture and gesturing lie Wiszniewski, D. (2018), ‘Reima photographed in ALA Architects term Research By Design and Vilém Flusser, who both write at the heart of Reima Pietilä’s Pietilä and Gesture in Research-By- offices, Helsinki, July 2015. methodology. Its outputs are varied, extensively and insightfully on design process, but also how the Design; The Finnish Embassy in in multiple places and platforms but gesture and each promote communicative dynamic of the New Delhi, 1962–1982’, Nordic hope to culminate in a collective philosophical trajectories from gestural feeds speculation into and Journal of Architectural Research, exhibition, conference and book ontology-as-being towards pursuit of understanding through Issue 3 (Oslo: SINTEF Academic publication. ontology-as-becoming. architecture. Therefore, beyond Press) pp.29–56. framing a number of Reima Pietilä’s The following essay by The research-by-design inflection design methods and ways of Reima Pietilä, New Delhi Finnish Wiszniewski, published in the of this paper directs the ontology thinking, the paper also addresses Embassy, 1962–82, Ambassador’s Nordic Journal of Architectural of gesture through a small selection how gesture constitutes a core Residence from Internal Courtyard. Research, offers an example of the of drawings from the Pietilä communicative principle in Reima type of essay the research group is Archive, from the first and second Pietilä’s research-by-design undertaking and what the book phases of the building’s production, methodology, ultimately suggesting will contain. and photographs taken on site by that this methodology holds the author in 2014. relevance for contemporary This paper discusses Reima Pietilä’s architectural design and research. Finnish Embassy (Suomen suurlähetystö) in New Delhi, India, in relation to the interplay of gesture and gesturality in the architect’s design process. 116 117

BY: Suzanne Fitzpatrick Heriot-Watt University With: Janice Blenkinsopp Glen Bramley Paul Cosgrove Sarah Johnsen Mandy Littlewood Jill McIntyre Filip Sosenko CHAPTER 07 Destitution in the UK 2019 Morag Treanor Beth Watts Jenny Wood Kantar Public Funding: £279,000 Joseph Rowntree Foundation Year: 2019 – 2020

In 2017 1.5 million people in the UK were pushed into Social Inclusion destitution, going without the bare essentials and locked and Urban Governance out of the chance of building a decent and secure life.

Destitution in the UK 2019 builds Related outputs: Bramley, G., Fitzpatrick, S. & on research published in 2016 and Fitzpatrick, S., Bramley, G., Sosenko, F. (2017 forthcoming) 2018 which defined destitution, Sosenko, F. Blenkinsopp, J., Johnsen, ‘Severe poverty and destitution’, its scale and causes. S., Littlewood, M., Netto, G. and in G.Bramley & N. Bailey (eds) Watts, B. (2016) Destitution in the Poverty and Social Exclusion in the The aims of this follow-up study UK: Final Report. York: Joseph UK: Vol 2: the Dimensions of are: Rowntree Foundation. Disadvantage. Bristol: Policy Press.

• to update our national estimates Bramley, G., Fitzpatrick, S. and Fitzpatrick, S., Bramley, G., Sosenko, of the overall scale of destitution Sosenko, F. (2016) Destitution in the F., Blenkinsopp, J., Wood, J., in the UK to 2019; UK: Technical Report. Edinburgh: Johnsen, S., Littlewood, M., Watts, Heriot-Watt University. B. (2018) Destitution in the UK. • to identify trends with respect York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation. to the overall prevalence of destitution in the UK, and also Website: its social and geographical www.jrf.org.uk/report/destitution- distribution; uk-2018

• to deepen our understanding of www.i-sphere.hw.ac.uk the drivers of destitution and the experiences of those directly affected, and how these drivers and experiences may be changing over time;

• to reflect on the key policy and practice implications of these 07 findings. 118 119

BY: Glen Bramley BY: Filip Sosenko Heriot-Watt University Heriot-Watt University WITH: Suzanne Fitzpatrick WITH: Glen Bramley Filip Sosenko Sarah Johnsen Jenny Wood Di McNeish Mandy Littlewood Sara Scott Christine Scullion Sally McManus Cathy Stancer funding: £79,849 Alice Evans Lankelly Chase Foundation Hard Edges Scotland: Developing Claire Frew Hard Edges 2: An Additional YEAR: 2016 – 2017 Jill McIntyre a Profile of Severe and Multiple funding: £115,000 Profile of Severe and Multiple Lankelly Chase Foundation, Disadvantage in Scotland with Robertson Trust Disadvantage in England YEAR: 2016 – 2018

The report in main and summary form was published The project is a follow-up to the ‘Hard Edges’ by Lankelly Chase in in June 2019 under the title Hard study conducted by I-SPHERE in 2012–2015. Edges Scotland: new conversations about severe and The project will provide a gender- This follow-up study aims to See: multiple disadvantage. sensitive statistical picture of people further expand the evidence base. https://lankellychase.org.uk/ who experience severe and multiple In particular, the current study resources/publications/hard-edges disadvantage (SMD), defined as a will provide: This report attracted wide media See: combination of at least three of the attention including five broadcast https://lankellychase.org.uk/ following problems: homelessness, 1. New evidence on a slightly articles, seven print articles, and 188 resources/publications/hard-edges- substance misuse, poor mental different combination of online articles, and has attracted scotland/ health and being a victim of abuse disadvantages than in the strong policy interest across range or violence. It will look at the most original Hard Edges study; of policy divisions within the suitable data sources currently Scottish Government. available, including four general 2. Will provide insights as to household surveys and four whether services for SMD As a direct result the 2019 service/administrative datasets. women should be configured Programme for Government Similarly to the predecessor study, in the same way or differently published on 3 September this study’s findings will be used by to services for SMD men. 2019 includes a commitment to the Funder to lobby policy-makers develop a national vision for severe, for changing the way in which Having more evidence in this area multiple disadvantage and establish services for people with SMD are will be beneficial both for policy an “Inclusive Scotland Fund” of organised and funded. The study’s makers and managers of public and £10m over two years to contribute Funder has been a strong promoter third-sector organisations delivering towards the delivery of the vision, of a holistic response to SMD (in support to people with SMD, such with four other specific terms of the coordination of support as the NHS. commitments also directly services), but its efforts have been linked to the report. hindered by the lack of quantitative evidence showing that the SMD group is substantial in numbers. The original ‘Hard Edges’ project has been a major contributor to changing this situation. 120 121

BY: Filip Sosenko BY: Sarah Johnsen Heriot-Watt University Heriot-Watt University WITH: Janice Blenkinsopp WITH: Janice Blenkinsopp Glen Bramley Fiona Cuthill Suzanne Fitzpatrick funding: £33,821 Mandy Littlewood NHS Jenny Wood YEAR: 2017 – 2019 FUNDING: £231,142 Trussel Trust The state of hunger YEARS: 2018 – 2021 Qualitative Pilot Evaluation of Pharmacist Input into Clinical Care Of Homeless People

Gathering evidence on what is driving hunger in Evaluation of dedicated (prescribing) pharmacist the UK and who it affects, in order to create policy input into the healthcare of homeless people. recommendations to end hunger in the UK. This qualitative study will assess The information gained will be homeless people’s perceptions and used to improve user uptake and The landscape of food aid in the UK This change in the profile of food The State of Hunger will be an personal experiences of dedicated the effectiveness of the pharmacy has changed dramatically in the last aid organisations has been authoritative, sector-leading clinical (prescribing) pharmacist service itself, as well as to maximise 10 years. Around 2008/09, food aid accompanied by an equally marked UK-wide annual benchmark study input into their clinical care. the proposed RCT’s relevance, took almost exclusively the form of change in the profile of people in to answer the question of what is It will focus on the delivery of recruitment and retention. ‘soup kitchens’, catering for the need of food aid: the majority of driving hunger in the UK and who services to homeless people who homeless, people with ‘complex foodbank clients can be described as it affects. The study will provide are recruited to the service via See: needs’ and immigrants with no ‘housed, financially struggling, Trussell Trust with the evidence specialist homelessness health www.i-sphere.hw.ac.uk recourse to public funds. Trussell without complex needs’, as opposed base it needs to create policy centres, in hostels, and via street Trust had only 17 foodbanks at that to the ‘homeless/complex needs/ recommendations to end hunger outreach.The study will also seek time. Currently, there are nearly migrant’ clientele of soup kitchens in the UK. Crucially, it will provide homeless people’s views regarding 2,000 foodbanks of which 63% are (Perry et al, 2014; CAS, 2016). In much-needed detailed evidence the outcomes that should be Trussell Trust foodbanks. The Trust accordance with that, a recent study on specifically which policies and assessed and means of recruitment distributed nearly 1.2 million of people experiencing destitution factors are primary drivers of employed in a proposed emergency food supplies in in the UK has found that UK-born hunger. Furthermore, it will provide Randomised Control Trial 2017/18. people without complex needs evidence from different areas of (RCT) which will measure the constitute the largest group within the UK regarding ‘what works’ effectiveness of the approach the destitute population (Fitzpatrick in alleviating hunger, in terms at a larger scale. et al, 2015 and forthcoming). of policies and other practical solutions.

See: www.trusselltrust.org/what-we- do/research-advocacy/

www.i-sphere.hw.ac.uk 122 123

BY: Suzanne Fitzpatrick Heriot-Watt University WITH: Janice Blenkinsopp Glen Bramley Mark Stephens Beth Watts Jenny Wood funding: £741,107 Crisis Homelessness Monitor YEAR: 2011 – 2021

The Homelessness Monitor is commissioned by Crisis and is funded by Crisis and the Joseph Rowntree Foundation providing an independent analysis of the homelessness impacts of recent economic and policy developments in the United Kingdom.

It considers both the consequences A wide definition of homelessness is The series uses four main research Related outputs: Bramley, G. & Fitzpatrick, S. (2017) of the post-2007 economic and adopted in the Homelessness methods: Luchenski, S., Maguire, N., ‘Homelessness in the UK: Who is housing market recession, and the Monitor, and considers the impacts Aldridge, R., Hayward, A., Story, A., Most at Risk?’, Housing Studies, subsequent recovery, and also the of relevant policy and economic 1. Review of literature, legal and Perri, P., Withers, J., DOI: 10.1080/02673037.2017.1344957 impact of policy changes. changes on all of the following policy documents Clint, S., Fitzpatrick. S. & Hewett, homeless groups: N. (forthcoming) ‘What Works Fitzpatrick, S. & Pawson, H. (2016) The first English monitor was 2. Annual interviews with key in Inclusion Health: Overview ‘Fifty Years Since Cathy Come released in 2011 and with eight • People sleeping rough. informants from statutory and of Effective Interventions for Home: Critical Reflections on the annual report years, the subsequent voluntary sectors Marginalised and Excluded UK Homelessness Safety Net’, reports document the change in • Single homeless people living in Populations’, The Lancet. International Journal of Housing homelessness trends since this hostels, shelters and temporary 3. Statistical analysis on a) economic Policy, 16:4, pp. 543–55, baseline data was undertaken in supported accommodation. and social trends, particularly Fitzpatrick, S., Pawson, H., DOI: 10.1080/14616718.2016.1230962 England, Scotland, Wales and post-2007; and b) trends in the Bramley, G., Wilcox, S., Watts, Northern Ireland. • Statutorily homeless households four homeless groups B. (2016) ‘The Homelessness Website: – households who seek housing Monitor: England’, London: Crisis. www.i-sphere.hw.ac.uk assistance from local authorities 4. Online survey of local authorities on grounds of being currently Bramley, G. (2016) ‘Housing need or imminently without outcomes in England through accommodation. changing times: demographic, market and policy drivers of • ‘Hidden homeless’ households change’, Housing Studies – people who may be considered 31:3, 243–268. homeless but whose situation is not ‘visible’ either on the streets or in official statistics 124 125

BY: John Brennan University of Edinburgh WITH: Stephanie Crane Ronald Boydell Creative Coathanger, Galashiels YEAR: 2016 – Resilient Borders John Brennan, Resilient Borders. Project Photo: Stephanie Crane.

Using speculative design proposals in community consultations to propose sustainable infrastructures for our towns.

Resilent Borders is about Community workshops asked It is designed to inform and empowering communities to participants to look at all the work, influence existing planning propose and communicate rate the projects to a series of and development processes ambitious development plans at sustainable metrics, and ultimately for the town. the scale of the town. The project agree on a series of themes. was based on the premise of putting Specifically, the second workshop Outputs included a public together an ambitious plan for embedded these themes in the town exhibition of the work and the Galashiels in 2040 following the as a series of ambitious and preparation of a project toolkit catalytic effect of the Borders far-reaching proposals. These were circulated throughout the Borders Railway. then refined as a vision of how that region [October 2016]. Further town can be 25 years in the future. outputs in the form of peer As a starting point, the project In this we adapted techniques such reviewed articles are in preparation utilises work completed by as appreciative enquiry to provide that chart how academic – postgraduate design students in a series of narrative that is then educational – community a series of workshops that provoke translated into an array of spatial partnerships can be sequenced and encourage communities to infrastructures. in a way to maximise benefit think about themselves in a spatial to all parties. and infrastructural way. The project The project is important because methodology helps stakeholders to it lifts expectations of what understand their own settlements a sustainable town might be. as networks of energy, resource Resilient Borders provides the and communication. means to a vision and ambitious blueprint for sustainable development. 126 127

BY: Beth Watts BY: Suzanne Fitzpatrick Heriot-Watt University Heriot-Watt University WITH: Janice Blenkinsopp WITH: Glen Bramley George Drennan-Lang Sarah Johnsen funding: £16,287 Jill McIntyre The Scottish Government via Filip Sosenko the European Social Fund’s Morag Treanor Social Innovation Fund Beth Watts YEAR: 2017 funding: £466,773 Supported Lodgings Supporting Oak’s Evaluation and The Oak Foundation Pilot Research on Homelessness YEAR: 2017 – 2021

Youth homelessness has historically been addressed The project supports the development of a stream via congregate hostel-type supported accommodation. of early career researchers equipped to undertake This can hinder young people’s capacity to address high-quality, policy and practice-applied research their support needs, maintain healthy lifestyles, on homelessness, via establishing and managing and/or develop independent living skills. a bespoke Oak Foundation internship scheme.

The high costs of these models are This project explored the potential Scotland, from a business and It also provides expert advice Related outputs: See: known to dis-incentivise opportunities and challenges financial sustainability perspective and support on the research and McMordie, L. (2018) The role of www.i-sphere.hw.ac.uk engagement in paid work. In this associated with pursuing such an and by investigating the attitudes evaluation elements of Oak’s temporary accommodation in the context, there is strong sector approach ‘at scale’ for young people and perspectives of potential ‘host homelessness and related projects, perpetuation of chronic homelessness. support for developing a spectrum experiencing or at risk of households’ and young people in both to Foundation staff and of ‘community hosting’ models for homelessness in Scotland. The existing forms of homelessness directly to organisations holding Park, M. (2019) The Implementation this group. Such models involve study was particularly well timed accommodation to such models. grants from Oak. of Discretionary Housing Payments young people living with private giving pressures on public finances, by Local Authorities in England: host households, with support to temporary accommodation and Published in 2017, the report fed into Exploring Accountability, Equity the host and young person provided other homelessness provision, and the work of the Scottish Government and the Meeting of Need. by a specialist organisation. young people’s benefit entitlements, convened Homelessness and Rough which combined with housing Sleeping Action Group, leading to Existing services in this area in market pressures have made it the inclusion of a focus on Scotland are limited: a small increasingly difficult for many community hosting models in the number of emergency ‘Nightstop’ young people to access and Government’s 2018 High Level schemes have recently been maintain appropriate Action Plan to End Homelessness. established and longer term accommodation. I-SPHERE ‘Supported Lodgings’ models are researchers reviewed the used in some areas for care leavers , international evidence base on but longer-term community hosting ‘community hosting’ models; and models targeting the broader youth using primarily qualitative homeless population do not methods, explored the success and currently exist. challenges of existing Supported Lodging schemes in the UK, and examined the feasibility of pursuing Supported Lodging schemes in 128 129

BY: Sarah Johnsen BY: Suzanne Fitzpatrick Heriot-Watt University Heriot-Watt University WITH: George Drennan-Lang WITH: Peter Dwyer Janice Blenkinsopp Del Roy Fletcher funding: £16,274 John Flint The Scottish Government via Sarah Johnsen the European Social Fund’s Sharon Wright Social Innovation Elaine Batty YEAR: 2017 Janice Blenkinsopp Time for Change Welfare Conditionality: Sanctions, Katy Jones Jenny McNeill Support and Behaviour Change Lisa Scullion Alasdair Stewart Beth Watts funding: £630,558 ESRC YEAR: 2013 – 2018

Evaluation of an innovative peer mentor project assisting Evaluation of the effectiveness and ethicality homeless people with multiple and complex needs. of welfare conditionality.

Shelter Scotland’s ‘Time for Change’ They will aim to ensure that The use of conditional welfare Related outputs: Johnsen, S., Fitzpatrick, S. & Watts, project, based in Dundee, will support is relevant, improve arrangements that combine Watts, B., Fitzpatrick, S. & Johnsen, B. (2018) ‘Homelessness and social establish and train a network choice and control, and help elements of sanction and support S. (2017) ‘Controlling Homeless control: a typology’, Housing of volunteer peer mentors with those involved develop skills is an established element within people? Power, Interventionism Studies, pp. 1–21. lived experience of multiple and and resilience. Using qualitative welfare, housing, criminal justice and Legitimacy’, Journal of Social complex needs. The peer mentors methods, a team based at I-SPHERE and immigration systems. Policy, pp. 1–18. DOI: 10.1017/ Watts, B. &, Fitzpatrick, S. (2018) will assist homeless people will evaluate the impact of the S0047279417000289. Welfare Conditionality. Routledge. experiencing severe and multiple project on both peer volunteers This five year research project disadvantage to access and and those helped, in order to assess creates a collaborative, international Fitzpatrick, S. & Watts, B. (2017) maintain engagement with support the effectiveness of this model as a and interdisciplinary focal point ‘Competing Visions: Security services relevant to their needs. mechanism for sustainable change for social science research on of Tenure and the Welfarisation within the homelessness sector. welfare conditionality by exploring of English Social Housing’, the efficacy and ethicality of Housing Studies,. pp. 1–18. conditionality across a range of social policy fields and diverse Johnsen, S., Watts, B. & Fitzpatrick, groups of welfare service users. S. (2016) First Wave Findings: Homelessness (University of Heriot-Watt led on three York, York). of the total nine ‘strands’ of work, including assessments of the Watts, B., Fitzpatrick, S., Bramley, impacts of sanction and support G. & Watkins, D. (2014) Welfare on homeless people, lone parents, Sanctions and Conditionality in and social housing tenants. the UK, York: JRF. 130 131

By: Penny Travlou University of Edinburgh Years: 2015 –

From Sharing to Caring: An ethnographic study of the refugee crisis and active citizenship in Athens

Pop-up Eritrean Kitchen. Image: Penny Travlou. This ethnographic research engages with a real-life situation: the “refugee crisis” in Athens.

Since early 2015, Athens has become The study explores how migrants Related publications: one of the key stopovers of refugees exercise their agency to construct Travlou, P. (2019), ‘From Cooking to entering Greece before they new forms of European citizenship Commoning: The Making of continue their journey to Northern through a politics of care in this Intangible Cultural Heritage’ in Europe. Building upon previous moment of political and economic OneLoveKitchen. Cultural Heritage in ethnographic work on collaborative instability. This ‘politics of care’ the Realm of the Commons, ed. S. and peer learning practices within allows migrants/refugees to Lekakis, London: Ubiquity Press. emerging network communities, it develop a political consciousness in investigates the role of refugees/ which caring is invoked as a symbol Travlou, P. (2017) ‘The Making of migrants as catalysts for social of power to build new kinds of OneLoveKitchen: Commoning the change and as active agents citizenship and solidarity. The study Assembly’ (short essay), in How reshaping their host-communities engages with practices of Assemblies Matter?, ed. J. Marketou, through their involvement in collaboration and peer learning that New York: Naked Punch. solidarity networks. Amidst the strengthen and expand the groups pressures generated by massive and collectives in which refugees/ Publishers: state debt, neoliberal austerity and migrants participate, and, by doing Travlou, P. (2016) ‘Options FoodLab: large numbers of newcomers in so, contributes to the making of How food making and sharing is need (refugees, other migrants), common spaces in the city. The supporting migrant integration in what are the processes and agents fieldwork looks at spaces within a Greece’. Social Innovation Europe, that make possible the emergence of solidarity network formed around 26–01–2016. innovative models of living, sharing collaborative/sharing practices of resources, surviving and resisting among local activists and migrants/ https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/ state policies? What is the catalytic refugees (i.e. collective refugee socialinnovationeurope/de/ role of the nomadic/mobile kitchens, housing squats for magazine/beyond-crisis- everyday life experience of refugees and self-organised migrant migrantintegration/collection/ refugees/migrants and how does collectives). Looking at ‘food’ as options-foodlab-how-food-making- this constitute a new paradigm of a paradigm of common good and and-sharing citizenship, that of active “nomad” a caring praxis, the study focuses citizenship? on a collective kitchen of African refugees, local and foreign activists in Athens. 132 133

BY: Sarah Johnsen BY: Suzanne Fitzpatrick Heriot-Watt University Heriot-Watt University With: Lawrie Elliot (PI) With: Beth Watts Glasgow Caledonian University Jenny Wood Carol Elmslie Jill McIntyre Glasgow Caledonian University Volker Busch-Geertsema Robert Rush GISS Bremen Queen Margaret University Marie-Therese Reichenbach Anne Whittaker GISS Bremen Assessing the impact of Minimum University of Stirling Ending Street Homelessness In The Institute of Global Funding: £13,500 of £280,000 project Homelessness Unit Pricing on Homeless Drinkers, Chief Scientist Office (CSO) Vanguard Cities Funding: £230,000 Year: 2019 – 2020 Oak Foundation Street Drinkers and Service Year: 2019 – 2021 Providers

Minimum Unit Pricing (MUP) was introduced in A group of 12 vanguard cities on six continents have Scotland in May 2018 with the aim of reducing the committed to end street homelessness by 2030 as part amount of alcohol that people drink. of the Institute for Global Homelessness’ A Place to Call Home initiative. Existing evidence suggests that it Website: may be effective for the general www.healthscotland.scot/health- population, but the impact on very topics/alcohol/evaluation-of- This team will be on the front line of This research will work across Website: vulnerable people, including those minimum-unit-pricing-mup/ the larger global movement, leading all 12 cities preparing in-depth, www.ighomelessness. who are homeless or drink on the separately-funded-evaluation-of- by example and demonstrating qualitative case studies which org/a-place-to-call-home-initiative street, is uknown. This study mup what’s possible. Each city has evaluate what works, for whom, exmaines the impact of MUP on committed to achieving a goal by in what circumstances, informing www.i-sphere.hw.ac.uk homeless peoples’ and street the end of 2020 that puts them on a how to take on the challenges drinkers’ consumption of alcohol path to ending street homelessness of ending street homelessness and other aspects of ther lives such by 2030. across the globe. as involvement in other forms of substance misuse, crime, begging, relationships with family/friends etc. It will also explore the implications of MUP for services supporting homeless people and street drinkers and reflect on policy implications. 134 135

BY: Sarah Johnsen BY: Sarah Johnsen Heriot-Watt University Heriot-Watt University With: Janice Blenkinsopp WITH: Janice Blenkinsopp Jenny Wood ICF Consulting ICF (PI) Jenny Wood BPSR Social Research Housing First Scotland Homeless Link funding: £170,000 Institute for Employment Corra Foundation Studies YEAR: 2019 – 2021 Housing First England Evaluation Funding: £87,000 of over £1million Housing First Scotland research project Ministry of Housing, Pathfinder Evaluation Communities and Local Government Year: 2018 – 2022

The study is an evaluation of the The Housing First Scotland Pathfinder project represents major MHCLG Housing First pilots a significant development in the expansion of Housing in three combined authority regions: First (HF) provision across Scotland within the context of Greater Manchester, Liverpool City a broader policy shift toward rapid rehousing by default. Region and West Midlands. The study The research will involve an Website: involves formative, process, impact assessment of monitoring outcomes, www.ghn.org.uk/shien/housing- process evaluation (including first/ and economic evaluations. fidelity assessment) and cost benefit analysis. It is being conducted in www.i-sphere.hw.ac.uk partnership with ICF Consulting. The evaluation is being led by Website: ICF Consulting, and involves www.gov.uk/government/news/ a consortium between ICF, housing-secretary-james- Heriot-Watt University, BSPR brokenshire-awards-funding-to- Social Research, Homeless Link, reduce-rough-sleeping and the Institute for Employment Studies (IES). www.i-sphere.hw.ac.uk 136 137

BY: Sarah Johnsen BY: Morag Treanor Heriot-Watt University Heriot-Watt University With: Janice Blenkinsopp With: Glen Bramley ICF Consulting Kay Tisdall Funding: £35,000 University of Edinburgh Social Innovation Fund Funding: ESRC through the Scottish Year: 2019 – 2020 Graduate School of the Social Sciences Time for Change (Stage 3) Using child maintenance as a tool Year: 2019 – 2023 Evaluation to enhance the circumstances, outcomes and wellbeing of lone mothers and children

This study is a qualitative evaluation of the Social When lone-mothers receive child maintenance the Innovation Fund’s Stage 3 development and expansion risk of poverty reduces and the poverty gap closes of Shelter Scotland’s ‘Time for Change’ pilot project. by 30% in the UK.

The pilot involves peer mentors Website: Child maintenance is where a Website: (people with lived experience of scotland.shelter.org.uk/about_us/ non-resident parent regularly gives www.i-sphere.hw.ac.uk homelessness) supporting other projects/time_for_change money to the parent with whom homeless people to access support the child lives most of the time as services in Dundee, Aberdeen, www.i-sphere.hw.ac.uk a contribution towards the costs Edinburgh and Glasgow. of raising a child. When the Photo: Brian Capaloff non-resident parent pays child maintenance they are also more likely to remain actively involved in their children’s lives.

This research uses longitudinal quantitative data from children and parents and, qualitative data from children, to explore the impacts of the payment/non-payment of child maintenance on child and lone- parent socioeconomic and other outcomes. 138 139

By: Kate Carter University of Edinburgh With: SFHA Scottish Federation of Housing Associations Cairn Housing Association Castlerock Edinvar Housing Association Scottish Borders Housing Association CHAPTER 08 Home of the Future – Digital Bruach Design Scottish Futures Trust Asset Management funding: EFI Research Award £5,000 SFHA Supported project Years: 2018 – 19

How can digital data help housing associations to Housing and Property reduce fuel poverty? The social housing sector wants – Planning, Design to understand how digital innovation can offer business and Market Operation and tenant value – in reducing running costs and providing more affordable homes

This project is one of 11 ‘SFHA The aim is to develop a better Future work will involve Innovation and Future Thinking understanding of data and the developing an Asset Management Programme’ projects that emerged unlocked value it has for the social model for the social housing sector from the Innovation Boot Camp housing sector. The priority for and a framework and guidance which took place in September 2018. housing associations is to reduce for SFHA members, many of The research team is developing fuel poverty. This project is whom have told us this is a ways that digital data can be used exploring the opportunities that business priority. to reduce fuel poverty in social data creates to address this societal housing. challenge. Related publications: https://www.sfha.co.uk/news/ The project team includes three news-category/policy-update/ housing associations, as well as news-article/housing-innovation- Bruach Design and Scottish Futures community-update Trust. Initial work explored the data that housing associations collect and store on their housing, tenants, repairs and maintenance activities, yet make little use of.

08 Photo: Kate Carter 140 141

BY: Colin Jones BY: Colin Jones Heriot-Watt University Heriot-Watt University WITH: Neil Dunse WITH: Nicola Livingstone Nicola Livingstone YEAR: 2013 – Kevin Cutsforth Edward Trevillion Funding: Investment Property Forum funded one specific element Dynamics of Commercial YEAR: 2014 – Evolution of the Urban Retail Property Cycles Centre Hierarchy: Urban retail change

This is a longstanding project/research interest Over the last thirty years or so a new dispersed examining the anatomy of commercial property cycles. sub-regional urban system has emerged in many developed countries. The research has looked at the Related outputs: Jones C., Cowe S. and Trevillion E. changing relationship between rents Jones C., Dunse N. and Cutsforth K. (2017) Property Boom and Banking and capital values through a cycle, (2015) ‘The Changing Relationships Bust, Chichester: Wiley. Key accessibility relationships have Related outputs: Jones C and Livingstone N (2018) the associated variation in market Between Government Bond Yields been transformed inevitably leading Jones C. (2014) ‘Land Use Planning ‘The ‘online high street’ or the transaction activity and the and Capitalisation Rates: Evidence Jones C. (2017) ‘A Historical to a ‘rationalisation’ of the national Policies and Market Forces: Utopian high street online? The implications influence of the scale of investment from the UK, USA and Australia’, Evolutionary and Cyclical and local retail hierarchies. Aspirations Thwarted?’, Land Use for the urban retail hierarchy’, funds and bank lending. Journal of European Real Estate Perspective on Models of Policy, Vol 38, No 5, pp. 573–79. International Review of Retail, Research, Vol 8, No 2, pp. 153–71. Development Finance’, in Out of town centres and retail parks Distribution and Consumer Bank lending for investment and E. Heurkins, R. Peiser, and together with superstores have Jones C. and Livingstone N (2015) Research, Vol 28, No. 1, 47–63. development through a cycle is Oyedokun, T., Jones C. and Dunse G. Squires (eds) Routledge become common features of the ‘Emerging Implications of Online considered. The impact of the N. (2015) ‘The Growth of the Green Companion to Real Estate urban landscape. Some of the long Retailing for Real Estate: Twenty- property boom on green office Office Market in the UK’, Journal of Development, Abingdon: Routledge. term culminations of these trends First Century Clicks and Bricks’, development has been assessed. European Real Estate Research, Vol 8, have been stressed in a series of Journal of Corporate Real Estate, It has also examined the changing No 3, pp. 267–84. Oyedokun, T., Dunse N. and Jones well publicised reports, notably Vol 7, No 3, pp. 226–39. relationships between the yields on C (2018) “The impact of a green The Portas Review. This research government bonds and commercial Jones C., Livingstone N. and Dunse premium on the development of seeks to assess the underlying Jones C. (2017) ‘Spatial Economy property yields. This particular N. (2016) ‘The Changing Nature of green offices in the UK”, Journal of economics and quantify the and the Geography of Functional research was funded by the Transactions Activity and Liquidity Sustainable Real Estate, Volume 10, changing form of retail hierarchies, Economic Areas’, Environment and Investment Property Forum. in UK Commercial Property: pp 81-108. This paper has been including the consequences for rent Planning B, Vol 44, No 3, 486–503. The research has focused primarily Cyclical and Trend Effects’, awarded a prize by the American patterns and the spatial pattern of on the UK but has taken a global International Journal of Strategic Real Estate Society.. shops. In particular the impact of Jones C., Al-Shaheen Q. and Dunse perspective, examining the Property Management, Vol 20 No 4, online sales and the role of planning N. (2016) ‘Anatomy of Successful experience of Australia, Europe pp. 384–96. has been examined. High Street Shopping Centre’, and the USA. Journal of Urban Design, Vol 21, Jones C., Livingstone N., Dunse N. Colin Jones was invited to present a No 4, pp. 495–511. and Cutsforth K. (2017) ‘The paper on this work at the University Restructuring of the Institutional of Chicago in November 2018. Real Estate Portfolio in the UK’, Journal of Property Research, Vol 34 No 2, pp. 129–146. 142 143

BY: John Brennan BY: James Morgan University of Edinburgh Heriot-Watt University WITH: Stephanie Crane WITH: Glen Bramley The Saltire Society Three Dragons Consultants FUNDING: £10,000 Funding: RTPI South West Region Scottish Government HW share £6,000 YEAR: 2017 – YEAR: 2016 – OUT OF TOWN Research into the Delivery and Affordability of Housing

A collaboration with the Saltire Society to record Analysis of quantitative datasets and qualitative/ and reflect on distinctive developments in Scottish quantitative case studies to learn lessons for delivery rural housing. of genuinely affordable housing in the South West of England. This is a project that reflects on how Landscape Relations The project will help mark the the best in rural housing design The rural landscape is often Society’s Housing Awards makes a vital contribution to untouchable for development, anniversary. The work will be In the context of national problems It also investigated six case studies Related outputs: cultural, social and economic life in even if to sustain and nurture launched as a digital publication of housing affordability and of large scale developments in Report (July 2017) and presentations Scotland as series of rural housing communities. Many successful and website towards the end of delivery, the study examines the the South West. to RTPI. studies drawn from recipients of rural housing projects have an 2018. A book will be published specific issues in the South west the Saltire Award for Housing. intelligent and mutually beneficial in 2020. of England, including low wages, The study found a range of relationship with their host high house prices and popularity approaches to delivery of large Our themes include: landscape. The research builds a of second homes. The study seeks scale development around a comprehensive resource to illustrate to enable planners and others to basic model. It highlighted the Local Production the regenerative potential of good get a better idea of what has been importance of securing external Distinctive procurement methods housing design in the countryside happening to housing delivery and funding for infrastructure and John Brennan, Out of Town. such as self-build and housing to include: Credit: Stephanie Crane. house prices in the South West with affordable housing. It also discussed co-operatives devolve power and an aim of increasing understanding the skills and approaches necessary resources to a local level. How • Record drawings to a common about the ways in which the for delivery and the availability can housing contribute to rural template and format. housing market is changing and of alternative delivery models. economies and societies? These to assist in the adoption of more homes are often resources of art, • Interviews with architect/ appropriate approaches in the literature and performance that occupiers. delivery of housing that is define and explain the places genuinely more affordable. around them. • A photographic survey of the building. The research analysed a range Ecological Response of data sources to track issues of Many homes are exemplars to • A publications and media affordability and housing supply in use resources sparingly and live bibliography. the South West, in comparison with a life less dependent on fixed other parts of England and the infrastructure. They push • A text for each project. country as a whole. boundaries exactly because of the challenges and opportunities that their contexts bring. 144 145

BY: Mark Stephens BY: Mark Stephens Heriot-Watt University Heriot-Watt University WITH: Paul Cosgrove WITH: James Morgan Suzanne Fitzpatrick Mandy Littlewood Beth Watts Peter Williams Janice Blenkinsopp Steve Wilcox funding: CIH funding: £38,365 YEAR: 2016 – Welsh Government UK Housing Review Welsh Government Rent YEAR: 2017 Setting Review

Compilation of annual review of housing policy The project will evaluate the policy to restructure and markets in the UK, including commentaries social rents in Wales and test the effect of reforms. and extensive set of statistical tables; as well Following the Essex Review of This project reviews the progress as an annual briefing. social housing in Wales, the and experience of landlords to date Welsh Government adopted its through a scoping review, survey recommendations to review rent of all social landlords and case The UK Housing Review celebrated It contains more than 100 statistical policy in the social rented sector studies. It will examine the its 25th edition in 2017. The Review tables drawn from a wide variety of which was subject to anomalies perceived fairness of the new has become an authoritative record government and non-government between social landlords and system and its impact on the and analysis of housing policy sources. different parts of Wales. A new rent capacity of social landlords to and markets in the UK, assessing a standard was adopted and the 2014 deliver new affordable housing. wide range of policies and housing A shorter briefing is also published Housing (Wales) Act required social Potential reforms will outcomes, including Right to usually in the summer. The Review landlords to set average rents also be modelled. Buy, housing in devolved nations, was founded and led by Steve within band limits. homelessness, affordability, welfare Wilcox until 2017, when Mark reform as well as contextual Stephens assumes this role. chapters on issues such as the economy and public spending. 146 147

By: Caroline Brown BY: Mark Stephens Heriot-Watt University Heriot-Watt University Funding: £3,000 With: Suzanne Fitzpatrick Intergenerational Funding University of Glasgow (2018) for initial scoping study University of Sheffield Year: 2018 – ongoing Funding: £6 million ESRC, AHRC, Joseph Rowntree Foundation Exploring the liveability UK Collaborative Centre for YEAR: 2017 – 22 and social sustainability of Housing Evidence (CaCHE) micro-housing in the UK

Micro-homes are compact, energy efficient, high density The UK Collaborative Centre for Housing Evidence forms of housing which appear to satisfy multiple (CaCHE) is a consortium of 14 institutions led by policy objectives related to housing provision, the University of Glasgow. affordability and sustainability. The centre, which was established in August 2017, is a The sector is very varied, ranging In this work, I am interested in Some pilot work in 2018 points to multidisciplinary partnership from low-carbon and eco-conscious exploring different dimensions of significant compromises for between academia, housing policy stand-alone dwellings made with contemporary micro-housing. First residents, having to sacrifice certain and practice. Over the course of the innovative materials and designs, to the narratives and discourse around standard items (freezer; dishwasher; five-year programme, CaCHE shoe-box bedsit or studio flats these homes among architects, dining table; storage) – and few, if researchers will produce evidence created from the conversion of designers and developers. A any, advantages over other larger and new research which will existing offices and commercial common narrative seems to be flats. contribute to tackling the UK’s buildings. There is also a related, about micro-homes as supporting a housing problems at a national, but distinct, application of micro new way of living and new devolved, regional, and local level. dwellings as accommodation for the lifestyles. Second, I am interested in homeless, either individually or the motivations and experiences of Photo: Social Bite Homeless Village arranged in villages. However, people who live in these homes – while there is ongoing discussion are they attracted by the resource about the merits of this category of and energy efficiency of small-home housing – there has been little living, or is it just about considered scrutiny of the affordability? Are micro-homes parameters that make micro-homes good places to live, or a more or less good places to live. substandard form of modern housing? 148 149

BY: Remo Pedreschi University of Edinburgh WITH: John Orr Alan Chandler Daniel Lee Hedda Bjordal Keith Milne Lindy Richardson Gabriel Tang CHAPTER 09 Further Studies in Flexible Julie Soden Pete Walker Formwork for Concrete Funding: Various industry sources

Flexible formwork offers an alternative perception to the Project Management production processes of concrete and other materials. and Construction Concrete has been described as workshops. Since then further Very little information exists on the Technology a material without history. studies have been undertaken behaviour non-prismatic columns Without the crafts associated including various live projects such in concrete, most probably due the with metalwork, carpentry or as the Fenchurch Garden at the RHS complexity of construction using stonemasonry, but reliant on Chelsea in 2009 and more recently conventional rigid formwork. elements of each of these. A forlorn the installation of panels and Flexible systems are simple to mongrel that now dominates much landscape elements at Edinburgh construct. Over 80 structural tests of the built environment. Sometimes Gateway in 2016. on varying geometries of column seen as a process rather than a and results show that relatively material itself. Its character and Current research includes: subtle changes in shape can expression conditioned by the experiments in the use of cement influence the strength significantly. carpenter using rigid timber to replacement, GGBS and PFA in It is possible to optimize geometry give form to the compliant fluid. conjunction with fabric texture and to improve performance whilst permeability for contrasting tonal simplifying construction process. Using flexible formwork challenges variation; a series of workshops the existing paradigm initially seen in exploring construction process Related publications: as counter intuitive in comparison in practice: in Austria with DOKA Hawkins, W., Herrman, M., with conventional rigid systems. GMBH, comparing with rigid Kromoser, B., Michaelski, A., It is a disruptive technology that is systems, in Switzerland with Pedreschi, R. & Ibell, T. (2016) now gaining traction in mainstream Creabeton Materiuax AG on the ‘Flexible Formwork Technologies practice. ESALA has been involved use of highly flowing concrete – a State of the Art Review’, in in the study flexible formwork for in architectural elements and Structural Concrete. 17, 6, pp. 911–35. concrete for over 12 years and has introductory workshop into fabric undertaken many different studies forming techniques in conjunction Pedreschi, R. & Lee, D. (2014) exploring: construction process, with the Royal Danish Academy ‘Structure, Form and Construction: complexity of form, precision and at South East University, Nanjing, Fabric Formwork for Concrete’, material behaviour through a series China; the completion of a doctoral ACROSS: Architectural Research of research led workshops with study into the use of grid-shells through to Practice, eds F Madeo architecture and design students. as re-deployable formwork; and M A Schnabel, pp. 99–110. The first book that explored fabric the culmination of an extended in conjunction with University of study into the behaviour of non- 09 East London was based on these prismatic columns. 150 151

BY: Frédéric Bosché By: Frédéric Bosché Heriot-Watt University Heriot-Watt University YEAR: 2008 – Year: 2014 –

Scan-vs-BIM Scan-to-BIM

Using Building Information Models to smartly Reconstructing 3D Building Information Models of process point cloud data produced by modern buildings interiors from point cloud data produced reality capture technology. by modern reality capture technology.

This highly influencing work aims Related outputs: Puri N., Valero E., Turkan Y., Bosché Scan-to-BIM is the process of Related outputs: Quintana, B., Prieto, S., Adán, A., to integrate novel reality capture Bosché F., Guenet E. (2014) F. “Assessment of Compliance of capturing and processing 3D Adan A., Quintana B., Prieto S.A., Bosché, F. N. (2016), “Door technology like terrestrial laser ‘Automating surface flatness control Dimensional Tolerances in Concrete information (augmented with Bosché F. (2018), “Scan-to-BIM for Detection in 3D Colored Laser scanning with Building Information using terrestrial laser scanning and Slabs using TLS data and the 2D colour and other information) ‘secondary’ building components”, Scans for Autonomous Indoor Modelling to speed up the building information models’, Continuous Wavelet Transform”, to generate a 3D Frédéric Bosché Advanced Engineering Informatics, Navigation”, Proceedings of the processing of the point cloud Automation in Construction, Automation in Construction, BIM model of an existing facility. Vol. 37, pp. 119–138. International Conference on Indoor data produced by the former. Vol. 44, pp. 212–26. to appear. This process is of significant and Positioning and Indoor Navigation ever increasing importance to the Quintana B., Prieto S.A., Adan A., (IPIN), Alcalá de Henares, Spain, The goal is: by aligning the 3D Bosché F., Guillemet A., Turkan Y., Bueno M., Bosché F., Gonzalez-Jorge construction industry, because Bosché F. (2018), “Door Detection in Oct 4–7. point cloud data with the Building Haas C.T., Haas R. (2014) ‘Tracking H., Martinez-Sanchez J., Arias P. 50% of the construction industry 3D Coloured Point Clouds of Information Model, the geometric the built status of MEP works: (2017), “4-Plane Congruent Sets for turnover relates to refurbishment Interior Environments”, Automation Valero E., Adan A., Bosché F. (2015), and semantic information of the Assessing the value of a Scan-vs- Automatic Registration of As-is 3D and renovation (as opposed to new in Construction, Vol. 85, pp. 146–166. “Semantic 3D Reconstruction of model can be used to smartly BIM system’, ASCE Journal of Point Clouds with 3D BIM models”, construction). Yet, this process Furnished Interiors using Laser interpret the data. This technique Computing in Civil Engineering, Automation in Construction Vol. 89, remains manual, skilful and Quintana B., Prieto S., Adán A., Scanning and RFID Technology”, has been shown to have potential Vol. 28, pp. 1–28, 08014001. pp. 120–134. time-consuming. Bosché F. (2017), “ Scan-To-BIM for ASCE Journal of Computing in Civil to objectively track construction Small Building Components”, Lean Engineering. 04015053. progress, and more interestingly to Turkan Y., Bosché F., Haas C.T., Website: This on-going collaborative project and Computing in Construction robustly and automatically conduct Haas R. (2013) ‘Towards automated has initially focused on the Congress (LC3): Volume I – dimensional quality control. Earned Value tracking using 3D http://cyberbuild.hw.ac.uk/ modelling of the structure of Proceedings of the Joint Conference on Imaging Tools’, ASCE Journal of projects-scanvsbim.html buildings but is also now uniquely Computing in Construction (JC3), Construction Engineering and focusing on other secondary Heraklion, Greece, Jul 4–7. Management, Vol. 139(4), pp. 423–33. components, like electrical components (lights, switches, Bosché F., Haas C.T. (2008) sockets, etc.). ‘Automated retrieval of 3D CAD model objects in construction range images’, Automation in Construction, Vol. 17(4), pp. 499–512. 152 153

BY: Bilge Erdogan Heriot-Watt University With: Lynne Baillie David Corne Fred Bosche Abiodun Akinyemi Rosaline Antai Careys Civil Engineering Funding: £369k KTP Dashboard for effective and Years: 2018 – 2021 CHAPTER 10 efficient construction decisions

KTP project aiming to develop a bespoke, real time data information portal and dashboard for effective Environmental and efficient construction decisions Sustainability and Low Carbon This is a Knowledge Transfer The vision is to have a bespoke, Partnership (KTP) project that cloud based, digital information links Heriot-Watt University management system for every with Carey’s. This is an unique construction project which tracks opportunity that brings together quality, health and safety, the disciplines of Construction engineering, commercial, planning Project Management and and project processes – turning Computing Science to deliver a paper based systems into an app company tailored and streamlined based portal. Data will be collected, information management system, integrated with reports for all levels CarLi.(Careys Live) The aim of this of the business, and produced in project is to develop a bespoke, real real time. This will lead to an time data information portal and intuitive user centered system dashboard for effective and efficient which will collect and push construction decisions. This the correct level and detail of involves effective, market-leading information to the right people processes which produce live data at the right time. for commercial reporting, health & safety, quality, project status and productivity, and reduced company exposure to risk. 10 154 155

BY: Fionn MacKillop BY: David Jenkins Heriot-Watt University Heriot-Watt University WITH: Fan Wang WITH: Andrew Peacock Paul Cosgrove David Flynn PGT Student Valentin Robu Funding: £5,000 Phil Taylor YEAR: 2017 – Edinburgh, Durham and Sussex Universities FUNDING: £5,000,000 EPSRC Assessing the Effectiveness of CESI: National Centre for Energy £15,000,000 Industry Kyle of Sutherland’s Cosy Homes Systems Integration YEAR: 2016 – East Sutherland Scheme (CHESS)

Assessing the validity of fuel poverty-related Modelling and understanding UK energy systems data collected by a social enterprise partner, for future scenarios. and suggestions to improve their work. An ‘energy system’ is a network Heriot-Watt will be focussing on comprising energy demand, Energy Demand, particularly that The Kyle of Sutherland Due to problems with the data distribution/infrastructure and from the built environment. This development trust, a social collection methodology and the energy supply. Across such a will include understanding how the enterprise in the Highland and small scale of data collection system, there are different energy characteristics of buildings Islands region of Scotland, has (as well as other factors), we terminologies, metrics and models can be upscaled to that of been collecting data on its approach were only able to produce use to help guide efficient and communities of buildings. to reducing/mitigating fuel poverty limited results. robust design. CESI is looking in an area where this problem is at applying a ‘system of systems’ Website: widespread (up to 80% of the We also came up with approach to integrating different www.ncl.ac.uk/cesi population in some sectors). recommendations to KoS in order models together (informed by real to improve data collection and data and case-studies), such that We were hired via Interface to methods in the future, and are genuinely low-carbon and resilient assess the statistical robustness of currently applying for another systems can be created within data collected on fuel poverty and grant to advance this. a context of future change. health/wellbeing outcomes for the population in relation to measures implemented to combat fuel poverty by the organisation. 156 157

BY: Mehreen Gul BY: Mehreen Gul Heriot-Watt University Heriot-Watt University WITH: Luke Gooding WITH: Yash Kotak YEAR: 2013 – YEAR: 2014 –

Energy Efficiency Retrofitting Solar PV Generation Enhancement Services (EERS) sector Using Radiation Augmentation from characteristics and routes Improved Reflectance Horizons to increased activity

Breaking down barriers to achieve UK domestic Impact of ground albedo on the performance energy efficiency at scale. of PV Systems.

Within the UK, energy efficiency Key findings suggest EERS Related outputs: The total incident irradiation on To investigate the impact of such Related outputs: improvements within the existing expansion is most successful Gooding, L. and Gul, M. S. (2017) a surface such as a photovoltaic factors, an experiment was setup to Muneer, T. & S. Ivanova, Y. Kotak, housing stock is a key area in which if policies are designed more ‘Achieving growth within the (PV) module is the sum of beam, measure the albedo of conventional M. Gul (2015) ‘Finite-element governments have attempted to holistically; UK policies show UK’s Domestic Energy Efficiency sky-diffuse and ground reflected foreground materials (grass, sand view-factor computations for increase rates of activity to boost strategies which focus on simply Retrofitting Services sector, radiation. Ground albedo or ground and cement) and non-conventional radiant energy exchanges’, Journal carbon reduction and end user cost the property and not the occupants practitioner experiences and reflectance is defined as the ratio materials (white pebbles, white of Renewable and Sustainable Energy savings. The most recent UK policy, have their disadvantages. Therefore, strategies moving forward’, Energy between the ground reflected paint, white tiles and aluminium 7 (3), 033108, pp. 1–20. the Green Deal, was a pay as you a move away from marginal Policy, vol 105C, pp. 173–82. radiation and the global incident foil). Research has shown that save scheme, linking the capital cost financial incentives, such as the radiation. A constant albedo value non-conventional materials, Ivanova, S.M. (2015) ‘Investigating of improvements to ongoing energy Green Deal’s loan structure, to a Gooding, L. and Gul, M. S. (2016) of 0.2 for bare ground and 0.5 for increased the slope irradiation and the Impact of Ground Albedo on bill payments. The success of this wider consideration of how policy ‘Energy efficiency retrofitting dry tropical localities is widely ultimately the energy generation the Performance of PV Systems’, policy was limited, with minimal tools interact with supply chains services supply chains: A review accepted and is used in the of PV modules. Proceedings of CIBSE Technical uptake in comparison to and end users, would enable of evolving demands from housing modelling of PV systems. Symposium, London, UK, pp. 16–17. expectations. This research increased impact. policy’, Energy Strategy Reviews, These results were validated using investigates the viewpoints of 11, pp. 29–40. The real albedo values of the long-term data from the Garston retrofit industry practitioners, to foreground surfaces are different and Edinburgh database. A new assess their experiences of working and hence using a constant value computational tool was developed, under the Green Deal, and evaluate may be unsuitable to accurately which considers various albedo what pathways could be available predict the output of PV systems. values of foreground materials to move forward into the future. This research investigated the real simultaneously for any tilt angle UK and German based individuals albedo values of various foreground of a PV module to compute the interviews were used to compare surfaces and how it is affected by ground-reflected component. experiences, along with UK group the factors such as ageing, solar interviews and focus groups to altitude, rain and cloud cover develop findings via a grounded (sky conditions). theory approach, to illuminate possible future strategies for UK retrofit. 158 159

ESA Leads: Kate Carter BY: David Jenkins Remo Pedreschi Heriot-Watt University University of Edinburgh WITH: Tadhg O’Donovan (PI) WITH: Ewen McLachlan Gill Menzies Ella Tallyn Iain Black Fiona McLachlan Guy Walker Cristina Nan Peter McCallum Iain Scott John Andresen FUNDING: £86,000 Faisal Ghani Wheatley Group Technology CSIC Socio-Techno-Economic Design of Funding: £200,000 YEAR: 2018 – EPSRC Impact Acceleration and Development Strategy Energy Systems driven by Account/GCRF 2020–2025 Community Needs Years: 2017 – 2019

Wheatley Group and the University of Edinburgh will Developing a method that builds on traditional systems- work collaboratively, bringing together our collective modelling approaches in order to help specify and design expertise, knowledge and skills to understand property energy conversion, transmission and storage technology. technology trends and innovations globally which With steep vectors of global change This will allow for a standardised Three communities have been could influence Wheatley Group area. in urbanisation and climate, and the form of resource identification to identified as case studies, Orkney, resultant pressures on building highlight drivers of a community UK; Penang, Malaysia (ODA Upper stocks and energy infrastructure, energy system, but also Middle Income) and Santiniketan, By collecting and sharing ideas and An iterative process of sharing traditional energy systems transforming the way such India (ODA Lower Middle Income). views from stakeholders from technical, experiential, practical and approaches are ripe for revisiting. modelling considers the nature of across Wheatley Group, the project academic learning and knowledge We propose that sustainable energy demand; viewing this as a team will identify areas of most across and between Wheatley and delivery of secure, affordable series of semi-qualitative metrics. potential interest from the broad the University will identify the low-carbon energy requires design The research will focus on the field of property technology. A key opportunities which could be methods with the energy needs of thermal needs of a community and global evidence review will identify applied in the Wheatley Group a community as a focus. In order to three locations have been chosen interesting areas of practice and context. Focus groups, interviews, achieve this, we propose to develop to develop and demonstrate the innovation which will be tested interactive design scenarios and a method that builds on traditional impact of the approach. Collection with customers and staff of a comprehensive desk review will systems-modelling approaches in and analysis of community needs Wheatley Group. be utilised to deliver the required order to help specify and design (societal), assessment of existing outputs, to inform Wheatley Group energy conversion, transmission and natural energy resources Technology and Development and storage technology to meet the (technological, geological, climate Strategy 2020–2025. service needs of an existing and resilient), assessment of energy growing global middle class, whilst conversion and storage technology also catering for more vulnerable (technological), and algorithm communities. development and system modelling (statistical) are some of the required skills to address this challenge and necessitate a multidisciplinary approach. 160 161

BY: Fan Wang With: Fionn Mackillop Pier Arts Centre, Stromness, Scotland Guizhou Academy of Sciences, China Years: 2016 – 2020 Comparison of Assessment Methods for the UK sustainable Communities and Chinese Ecovillages – Case Studies

This study aims to formulate a specific assessment for eco-village development in China to guide the design, construction and operation stages with technical and quantifiable indicators and cover the social, economic and environmental aspects.

To achieve the goal, the existing The study was carried out at four The Chinese domestic sustainable At the third stage, a follow-up Related outputs: commonly used sustainable stages and in four years. At the first development assessment methods research was conducted during the Wang, F., Liu, C.X., Mackillop, F., development assessments, both stage, various existing commonly were studied as well as the potential second fieldwork to track Ganguly, S., Henderson, C., international and Chinese domestic, used sustainable development issues when applying to the select aforementioned eco-villages’ Flanagan, S., (2018) ‘Building were studied, and three Global assessments and their limitations Chinese eco-villages. In parallel, development progress, and two redevelopment as a catalyst for Eco-village Network (GEN) were studied, and these study cases a renovation of a historic building more eco-villages in China were sustainability – The Case of registered eco-villages in China were examined and selected. The into a local arts centre in Orkney getting involved in as the study Renovation of a Historical Building were examined. Therefore, the initial literature review which was investigated by examining ten requires long-term tracking to as an Arts Centre’, Sustainable Cities limitations were addressed, and the focused on the comparison of the years data on technical, economic identify the limitations of those and Society, Vol. 42, pp. 370-383. solutions were found for those British assessment methods, like and social sides, which provides existing assessments and find the DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2018.06.017 assessments. In this case, a more BREEAM, and the Chinese ones, valuable experience for addressing solutions. At the final stage, a more comprehensive assessment can be like GBES (Green Building sustainable development comprehensive assessment method formulated for existing and future Evaluation Standards) was assessment limitations and for eco-village development in eco-village development in China, completed. Besides, the formulating a more comprehensive China will be presented. in which the process of revising and methodology was determined in the assessment method. It also offered formulating could be applied in same academic year. The second a chance to compare the sustainable other countries which share the stage was for data collection by a renovation in a single building in same problems and challenges. series fieldwork in China and the UK to those refurbishments Scotland, specifically, four eco- in the eco-villages of China. villages in rural and suburban areas in China, the Huatao Eco-village (Chengdu), the Southern Life (Fuzhou), the Sunshine Eco-village (Hangzhou) and the Letu Eco- village (Zhangjiakou), and one Scottish project in Orkney. 162 163

BY: Bilge Erdogan By: Kate Carter Heriot Watt University Remo Pedreschi With: Ipek Gursel Dino University of Edinburgh Middle East Technical With: Ewen McLachlan University Ella Tallyn Luke Gooding Fiona McLachlan A. Aydin Alatan Cristina Nan Sinan Kalkan Iain Scott Sahin Akin Pablo Jimenez Moreno A Stakeholder-Oriented Intelligent M. Esat Kalfaoglu Housing Innovation: Zero Carbon SFHA Scottish Federation Funding: £298k of Housing Associations System for Building Energy Newton-Katip Celebi homes, MMC and Smart Technology CS-IC Construction Scotland Institutional Links Innovation Centre Retrofitting Years: 2018 – 2020 funding: £3,000 CAHSS Years: 2019 –

The SISER project generates an intelligent, data centric, Innovation in social housing is needed to help reduce decision-making tool to inform retrofit processes and fuel poverty and improve the quality of homes. This occupant comfort within existing buildings. project identifies innovative approaches for designing, developing and maintaining homes in Scotland. This research project, SISER, is Two key activities are addressed: 1) SISER facilitates both automated aimed at developing an intelligent developing advanced ICT methods and manual decision-making system and a decision-making for the easy and precise energy combining intelligent algorithms The project involved working with Innovation in housing for both new Related publications: process for energy retrofit towards modelling and simulation of and human judgement. This the SFHA and CS-IC to develop a and retrofit developments focuses Exhibition and report “Innovation the improvement of energy existing buildings and retrofit research project differentiates itself better understanding of innovation on achieving ‘Net Zero Carbon’ in Housing” – June 20 2019, performance and occupant comfort scenarios, 2) collaborative decision- from past research efforts by: (1) in housing. Three themes emerged: through improved fabric of Edinburgh. in existing buildings. The bilateral making for improvement of energy combining automated and human ‘Net Zero Carbon Buildings’, buildings combined with ‘Modern collaboration brings together and comfort. decision-making in an integrated ‘Modern Methods of Construction’ Methods of Construction’ including complementary expertise areas from system, (2) the development of and ‘Digital Driven Technology’. off-site fabrication. Both offer construction management, For both activities, novel methods novel image / video analysis The project considered design and opportunities to reduce fuel poverty architecture, electrical and electronic and tools will be developed for the methods for the energy analysis of construction issues, and also the by improving the quality of engineering and computer science. aim of improving the performance existing buildings and alternative lived experience of tenants. It housing. In addition, integration of and quality of the existing buildings retrofit scenarios, (3) developing an recognised that improving the renewable energy systems within and realising environmental and integrated stakeholder-centred lifespan of the home is vital for homes and communities is an economic impact. approach that addresses the social housing providers who important element of reducing fuel conflicting interests and preferences maintain them, and the tenants who poverty through reduced energy of all stakeholders, (4) focusing on live in them. costs. ‘Digital Driven Technology’ both occupant comfort and energy presents interesting opportunities performance simultaneously. for designing and operating buildings using Building Related outputs: Information Modelling (BIM) Gooding, L., Erdogan, B., Gursel software and Smart Connected Dino, I. (2019) ‘Improving building Technologies. performance of higher education buildings; involvement of end users’. In International Civil Engineering and Architecture Conference 2019, Trabzon 164 165

BY: David Jenkins Heriot-Watt University WITH: Andrew Peacock Sandhya Patidar Sarah Payne Eddie Owens Valentin Robu David Flynn Funding: £1.4M total Community-level Energy Demand EPSRC/Indian Department of Science and Technology Reduction in India (CEDRI) (Newton Bhabha scheme) (50% UK/ 50% India) Years: 2017 – 2020

Community electricity demand modelling through applied aggregation algorithms to build community-level profiles in India.

Whilst many countries are seeing Minimising cooling requirements, The ability of such changes to significant change in the use of controlling/managing appliance improve the local energy network energy in homes and the provision loads and encouraging distributed will be fully investigated, such that of that energy through local energy generation should all be promoted measures deemed to successfully networks, the pace of change in a way that i) is consistent and reduce total energy demand can be recorded in India is particularly complementary to a functioning managed in a way that improves notable. The “refresh” rate of the local electricity network and ii) key characteristics of that network housing stock is high (with new relate to measures that are likely (such as frequency, voltage and build constituting a much higher to be accepted across communities, peak demand). The project will percentage of the housing stock rather than having only niche therefore provide guidance that than many developed countries) appeal. will ensure that approaches to and, simultaneously, the approach demand reduction “co-evolve” to delivering electricity to those The CEDRI project will allow for with changes in the methods used homes is changing (e.g. the growth community electricity demand to supply electricity to residential in distributed renewable generation, modelling through applied communities, over future timescales such as solar photovoltaics). If aggregation algorithms, converting that already have considerable further change is to be planned small samples of individual levels of uncertainty. amongst this already uncertain building demand profiles into CEDRI Project. landscape, in the form of community-level profiles. After community-wide energy demand carrying out surveys and reduction strategies, then a full workshops with householders, impact of such measures must be the project will identify the understood. demand-reducing measures likely to succeed in such regions (informed by real case-study communities and empirical data) and apply these to the community demand models to quantify potential impact. 166 167

BY: Fan Wang With: Sarah Payne Richard Weller University of Edinburgh Dominic Talbot Edinburgh Lothian Hospital Years: 2016 – 2019 Effects of Room Humidity on Older Adults’ Skin Condition, Comfort and Energy Consumption in Scottish Care Homes

The aging population is a challenge for sustainable development in UK society. Age-related dermatological conditions such as dry skin are a common occurrence for older people and may cause discomfort.

In winter, this condition may This project investigates the effects These group of residents also have Currently, we have results show Related outputs: become worse as people heat their of room hygrothermal conditions on a high proportion of dementia and that most of the rooms were warm Wang, F., (2018) ‘How temperature homes, making the air quality much older people’s comfort and skin amnesia that make them unable and thermally comfortable and humidity promote comfort’, drier and subsequently exacerbating condition and also the energy to recognise such condition and according to both the objective Care Home Environment, 3(6), skin conditions such as: dry throat consumption associated with response with adjusting measures measurement and subjective pp. 45–47. (ISSN: 2398-3280). and skin and itchiness. This can maintaining comfortable room such as applying moisturiser and interview surveys. But the results disrupt sleep and lead to discomfort conditions. A multi-disciplinary drink water more frequently. In the reveal that the rooms were indeed Jin, Y., Wang, F., Payne, S., Weller, and even compulsive scratching, approach is applied through surveys, we have developed a very dry, 98% of the measured R., Tabor, D., (2018) ‘Testing a which can further damage the skin. collaboration with a building procedure that endeavours to Relative Humidity was out of procedure of using Transepidermal The room humidity is overlooked in physicist, building services minimise disruption of the recommended comfort zone for Water Loss to measure the effect of indoor environmental design and engineer, environmental residents’ daily routine and to older people and measured skin dry air on occupant’s skin comfort heating operation, yet room psychologist and two maximise data collection. The data was dry too. The major concern is & humidity comfort in real living humidification can be a simple dermatologists. Its ultimate aim are collected over a range of various that the subjective survey results do environment’, The proceedings of the solution to avoid winter dryness is to collect evidence-based data room conditions through simple not show the perception of dryness. International Conference on Passive with the assessment on its that would help to establish the domestic humidifiers and by two This suggests that the older people & Low Energy Architecture, pp. environmental and economic costs. guideline for design and running approaches. One is through physical are sensitive to temperature change 965–967, Hong Kong, Dec 2018. Currently, there is no clear guidance living environment that provides measurement to obtain objective but not to humidity change, even on indoor thermal-humidity thermal and humidity comfort for variables: the room temperature when measured results indicate dry Wang, F., Olej, R., & Nioi, A., (2017) conditions as there is no evidenced older people with energy efficiency. and relative humidity for room skin. On the other hand, the TEWL ‘A survey on indoor environmental data determining if there is an conditions and the Transepidermal appears to have a very close condition and energy consumption optimum trade-off between these Over a period of three years, we are Water Loss (TEWL) and the Stratum correlation with room condition, in a care home setting’, The costs and benefits. carrying winter surveys in an Corneum (SC) hydration for skin which allows us to carry on the proceedings of the International Edinburgh Care Home, where local conditions. The other is through a investigation to find the most Conference on Passive & Low Energy residents are categorised as oldest- questionnaire survey and interview appropriate room humidity that Architecture, Vol. 1, pp. 1369–1376, old occupants, who are more likely with selected volunteers who have is most suitable for oldest-old Edinburgh, July 2017. to suffer from dry skin, dry throat no cognitive problems. residents. and other similar symptoms associated with winter dry. 168 169

BY: David Jenkins BY: Kate Carter Heriot-Watt University Nigel Goddard With: David Flynn (PI) Jan Webb Eddie Owens University of Edinburgh Valentin Robu WITH: Lynda Webb David Corne Evan Morgan Sandy Kerr FUNDING: £760,000 Funding: £1M EPSRC (as part of larger £30M YEAR: 2015 – 2019 REsponsive FLEXibility consortium) from Innovate Enhance: Reducing Energy Demand UK, Industrial Strategy (ReFLEX) Challenge Fund in Public Buildings through Digital Years: May 2019 – April 2022 Innovation and Behaviour Change

REsponsive FLEXibility (ReFLEX) is a £28.5M project Enhance is a multi-disciplinary project, led by Dr Nigel funded led by the European Marine Energy Consortium, Goddard (School of Informatics), Professor Jan Webb with multiple industry partners, and Heriot-Watt (School of Social and Political Science) and Dr Kate University as the academic partner. Carter (Edinburgh College of Art) and funded by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council The aim of ReFLEX is to create a The Urban Energy Research Group Virtual Energy System in Orkney, will be particularly looking at the (EPSRC). which intelligently manages the bottom-up modelling of energy distributed and intermittent demand of groups of buildings. renewable generation of that region. This will incorporate both thermo- The project is part of the Edinburgh The Assembly Rooms is owned and Councillor Richard Lewis, Culture To achieve this, the project will be physical modelling of buildings Living Lab – a city-wide managed by the City of Edinburgh Convener, adds: “We hope this modelling and demonstrating a and statistical techniques applied collaboration which aims to bring Council. Shona Clelland, Cultural unique project can provide range of technologies relating to to empirical information of energy academia, the public sector and the Venues Development Manager inspiration to other sites in local supply and storage of energy, use. The challenge of applying third sector together in order to at the Council, comments: Edinburgh to reduce their energy as well as taking a new approach such techniques to multiple, not work with the community to output and, subsequently, the city’s to modelling energy demand of just single, buildings is core to the co-design, test and implement new “Being chosen to participate in the carbon footprint. Already as a buildings in that community. research outputs of the project. services, processes and products Enhance project is a great way for Council we have installed LED that generate social, environmental us to push the venue in terms of lighting at the Usher Hall and Heriot-Watt University will be and economic value. Enhance has sustainability and further develop more recently the Scott Monument. particularly focussed on the taken up a 12 month residency at our green credentials. Our team This is another great stride towards importance of energy demand Assembly Rooms, to help the venue is very excited to welcome the increasing the sustainability of within local energy systems, understand and reduce its energy researchers in and start working our cultural venues.” implementing a range of modelling usage. The Georgian building with them to identify problem areas solutions that allow informed earned a place on the project after a and develop solutions to reduce our Website: decisions to be made around lengthy selection process, primarily energy usage over the course of the www.enhance-project.org/ such issues as demand response, based on the venue’s continued year. We’re ready and willing to technology selection, and the commitment to sustainability. take responsibility for our carbon integration of smart storage with footprint and hope that the buildings that have specific energy learnings from this project can requirements. deliver long lasting impacts on the business.” 170 171

A C Abdel-Wahab Mohamed ...... 29 Calder Eliza ...... 12, 54 Ainsley Alan ...... 40 Cameron R. W. F...... 158 Akin Sahin ...... 162 Carlsson Moa ...... 78 Akinyemi Abiodun ...... 152 Caroline Brown...... 146 Amat Patti ...... 66 Carter Kate ...... 139, 158, 169 Andresen John ...... 159 Carusi A...... 158 INDEX Ángel Hernández Navarro Miguel ...... 65 Castro Wilmar ...... 60 Antai Rosaline ...... 152 Chandler Alan ...... 149 Arboleda Guzmán Elizabeth ...... 56 Chanon Anaïs ...... 106 Armstrong Rachel ...... 16, 18 Chaudhuri Amit ...... 112 Aspinall Peter ...... 42 Chueng-Nainby Priscilla ...... 28 Attal Mikael ...... 20 Cincik Benek ...... 110 Avram Gabriela ...... 98 Clemens Tom ...... 41, 44 Avramidis Kostas ...... 102 Clericuzio Peter ...... 80, 82 Aydin Alatan A...... 162 Coleman Rebecca ...... 85 Connah Roger ...... 114 B Corne David ...... 152, 168 Baillie Lynne ...... 152 Cosgrove Paul ...... 117, 144, 154 Bastian Michelle ...... 85 Cousins Mark ...... 87 Batty Elaine ...... 129 Coyne Richard ...... 22, 23, 24 Bausa Martinez Carlos ...... 14 Crane Stephanie ...... 60, 124 Beck John ...... 89 Creed Maggie ...... 20 Bennett Emma ...... 8, 9 Cupples Julie ...... 12, 54 Bentley Clive ...... 38 Cuthill Fiona ...... 121 Bernie Victoria Clare ...... 10 Cutsforth Kevin ...... 140 Bicknell Genevieve ...... 66 Bjordal Hedda ...... 149 D Black Iain ...... 159 Dempsey N...... 158 Blenkinsopp Janice...... 117, 120, 121, 122, 126, Derbyshire John ...... 10 ...... 128, 129, 134, 135, 136, 144 Dilip da Cunha ...... 101 Bonet Miro Ana ...... 86 Dingle Lizzie ...... 20 Borthwick Alistair ...... 20 Dorrian Mark ...... 88, 89, 90, 91 Bosché Frédéric ...... 23, 29, 30, 63, 150, 151, 152 Drennan-Lang George ...... 126, 128 Bottinelli Silvia ...... 65 Dugar Dilip Gautam Sumit ...... 20 Boyd Whyte Iain ...... 65 Dukhan Igor ...... 65 Boydell Ronald ...... 124 Dunse Neil ...... 140 Bramley Glen ...... 117, 118, 119, 120, 122, 127, 137, 143 Dwyer Peter ...... 129 Bremner Alex ...... 64 Brennan John ...... 124, 142 E Briglio Rachel ...... 8 Elliot Lawrie ...... 132 Brookfield Katherine ...... 42 Elmslie Carol ...... 132 Brown Sarah ...... 20 Erdogan Bilge ...... 152, 162 Budimir Mirianna ...... 20 Esat Kalfaoglu M...... 162 Busch-Geertsema Volker ...... 133 Evans Alice ...... 118 11 Ewing Suzanne ...... 99, 100 172 173

F K Menzies Gill ...... 159 Rishbeth C...... 158 Fair Alistair ...... 70, 72, 73 Kakalis Christos ...... 91 Mhari Leonie ...... 107 Rivera Helena ...... 58 Ferracina Simone ...... 16, 18, 95, 96 Kalkan Sinan ...... 162 Milne Keith ...... 149 Robu Valentin ...... 155, 168 Fisher Jenny ...... 46 Kerr Sandy ...... 168 Miranda Correa Melisa ...... 54 Rodríguez Padilla Pamela ...... 56 Fitzpatrick Suzanne ...... 117, 118, 120, 122, Kondriatev-Popov Vsevolod ...... 8 Miret Ana ...... 61 Ross Liam ...... 93 ...... 127, 129, 133, 144, 147 Kotak Yash ...... 157 Mitchell Co-Is Rich ...... 41, 44 Rush Robert ...... 132 Fletcher Del Roy ...... 129 Kovanova Yulia ...... 35 Mitra Sukanya ...... 112 Ruwanpura Kanchana N...... 20 Flint John ...... 129 Kyttä Marketta ...... 38 Mitsoula Maria ...... 102 Flynn David ...... 155, 168, 164 Moffitt Lisa ...... 8, 9 S Scarth Elinor ...... 106, 107 Forster Alan ...... 63 L Morgan Evan ...... 169 Kevin ...... Scott Iain ...... 158, 163 French Chris ...... 102 Lafferty 41, 44 Morgan James ...... 143, 145 Alistair ...... Scott Sara ...... 119 Frew Claire ...... 118 Langmuir Sanchez 54 Mudd Simon ...... 20 Lisa ...... Scullion Christine ...... 118 Furman Adam Nathaniel ...... 92 Lavia 38 Murray Michael ...... 46, 48 Lawthom Rebecca ...... 46 Scullion Lisa ...... 129 G Lee Daniel ...... 149 N Shackley P...... 158 Garcia-Ferrari Soledad ...... 46, 54, 56, 58, 61 Lee John ...... 23, 28 Nan Cristina ...... 14, 32, 34, 158, 163 Sharma Jeevan ...... 20 Ghani Faisal ...... 159 Lesniak Piotr ...... 102 Ness James ...... 8 Sheffield D...... 158 Gifford Rob ...... 45 Lewkowicz de Troyes Myriam ...... 98 Nex Jenny ...... 66 Sinclair Hugh ...... 20 Glendinning Miles ...... 67, 68, 69 Lima Francisca ...... 39 , 105 Noall Jennifer ...... 41, 44 Sixsmith Judith ...... 46, 48 Goddard Nigel ...... 169 Lipiński Filip ...... 65 Smith Harry ...... 46, 51, 58, 60, 61 Gooding Luke ...... 156, 162 Littlewood Mandy ...... 117, 118, 120, 145 O Soden Julie ...... 149 O’Donovan Tadhg ...... 159 Gourmelen Noel ...... 20 Livingstone Nicola ...... 140, 141 Sosenko Filip ...... 117, 118, 119, 120, 127 Onabolu Tolulope ...... 23, 24 Guilbaut Serge ...... 65 Ludwig Katerina ...... 85 Speed Chris ...... 85 Orr John ...... 149 Gul Mehreen ...... 156, 157 Stancer Cathy ...... 118 Owens Eddie ...... 155, 168 Gursel Dino Ipek ...... 162 M Stephens Mark ...... 122, 144, 145, 147 Aonghus ...... Mackechnie 69 Stewart Alasdair ...... 129 H Mackenzie Lisa ...... 10, 12 P Panneels Inge ...... 101 Stewart Margaret ...... 66 Harvie-Clark Jack ...... 38 Mackenzie Lisa ...... 106 Paredes Maldonado Miguel ...... 26, 27, 94, 104 Stone B...... 158 Hassan Mahmudul ...... 29 MacKillop Fionn ...... 60, 154, 160 Passinmaki Pekka ...... 114 Stuart Neil ...... 12 Haylock Laura ...... 8 Maheswaran R...... 158 Patidar Sandhya ...... 155 Henneberry J...... 158 Makita Meiko ...... 46 Patterson Charlie ...... 32 T Henry Jamie ...... 8 Malinowski Antonio ...... 92 Talbot Dominic ...... 166 Pattinson L Paul ...... 112 Hopkins Claudia ...... 65 Mathur Anuradha ...... 101 Tallyn Ella ...... 158, 163 Patuano Agnès ...... 40, 45 McCallum Peter ...... 159 Tang Gabriel ...... 149 Payne Sarah ...... 37, 38 J McDonald Frazer ...... 10 Taylor Phil ...... 155 Jenkins David ...... 155, 159, 164, 168 Peacock Andrew ...... 155 McEwan K...... 37 Teal Randall ...... 114 Jenkins Paul ...... 51 Pearce Jamie ...... 41, 44 McIntyre Jill ...... 117, 118, 127, 133 Teli Maurizio ...... 98 Jimenez Moreno Pablo ...... 163 Pedreschi Remo ...... 20, 149, 158, 163 McLachlan Ewen ...... 158, 163 Thielamans Veerle ...... 65 Johns Emma ...... 45 Petcu Elizabeth J...... 74, 76 McLachlan Fiona ...... 92 , 158, 163 Thwaites K...... 158 Johnsen Sarah ...... 117, 119, 121, 127, 128, 129, 132, Pipek Volkmar ...... 98 Mclean Ross ...... 19, 35 Tilley Sara ...... 40, 42 ...... 134, 135, 136, 155, 166 Pschetz Larissa ...... 85 Tisdall Kay ...... 137 Jones Colin ...... 140, 141 McManus Sally ...... 119 Torres-Campos Tiago ...... 108, 110 Jones Katy ...... 129 McNeill Jenny ...... 129 R Travlou Penny ...... 52, 98,130 Jorgensen A...... 158 McNeish Di ...... 119 Reichenbach Marie-Therese ...... 133 Medero Gabriela ...... 58, 60 Rennie Calum ...... 8 Treanor Morag ...... 117, 127, 137 Medina Patatuchi Dirce ...... 14 Reynolds Rebecca ...... 45 Trevillion Edward ...... 140 Mejía Escalante Mónica ...... 56 Richardson Lindy ...... 149 Troiani Igea ...... 99 Menezes Deborah ...... 48 Richardson M...... 158 174

V Valero Enrique ...... 30 Valero Enrique ...... 63 Van der Graaff Vo ...... 65

W Walker Guy ...... 159 Walker Pete ...... 149 Wang Fan ...... 154, 160, 166 Ward Thompson Catharine ...... 40, 41, 42, 44, 45 Watts Beth ...... 117, 122, 126, 127, 129, 133, 144 Webb Jan ...... 169 Webb Lynda ...... 169 Weissgerber Flora...... 20 Weller Richard ...... 166 White Mat ...... 45 Whittaker Anne ...... 132 Wilcox Steve ...... 145 Williams Peter ...... 145 Wingham Ivana ...... 92 Wiszniewski Dorian ...... 101, 102, 112, 114 Wood Jenny ...... 117, 118, 120, 122, 133, 134, 135 Woolrych Ryan ...... 46, 48 Wright Sharon ...... 129