UNIVERZITA KARLOVA Husitská Teologická Fakulta Rigorózní Práce

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UNIVERZITA KARLOVA Husitská Teologická Fakulta Rigorózní Práce UNIVERZITA KARLOVA Husitská teologická fakulta Rigorózní práce Sociální a charitativní činnost Vojenského a špitálního řádu sv. Lazara Jeruzalémského Social and Charity Work of The Military and Hospitaller Order of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem 2018 Mgr. Kateřina Patová Poděkování Ráda bych doc. Th. poděkovala své konzultantcem práce ThDr. Kamile Veverkové, D. za její odborné vedení, díky ně už mohla být tato práce dovedena do zdárného konce. Prohlášení práci Prohlašuji, že jsem tuto rigorózní s názvem „Sociální a charitativní práce Vojenskéhoa a špitálního řádu sv. Lazara Jeruzalémského“ napsala samostatně. výhradně s použitím citovaných pramenů, literatury a dalších odborných zdrojů 31. 3. 2018 . V Praze dne Mgr Kateřina Patová Anotace R igorózní práce s názvem “Sociální a charitativní činnost Vojenského a špitálního řádu sv. Lazara Jeruzalémského“ seznamuje čtenáře v úvodních kapitolách s problematikou vzniku a vývoje charity a sociální práce, s historickým pozadím vzniku a Řádu, možnými datacemi jeho vzniku, jeho postupným vývojem i mimoaž do současnosti bližším zeměpisným určením jeho působnosti v rámci Evropy ni. Zvláštní kapitola je věnována historickému vývoji Řádu v Čechách. Ve čtvrté části je popisována organizace a struktura Řádu, kde je blíže specifikováno zaměření a poslání Řádu, jeho patroni, heraldika, obleky a hierarchie. Poslední část práce informuje o řádových aktivitách spojených převážně se sociální a charitativní Klíčováčinností. slova – – – – – – Křížové – výpravy – řád rytíř – špitál leprosárium malomocenství Annotationvelmistr reunion sociální pomoc charitativní práce Rigorous work with the title “Social and Charity Work of the Military and hospital order of saint Lazarus of Jerusalem“ introduces the reader in the opening chapters into the development of charity and social work, with the historic background of the orders origin, possible dates of creation, his gradual evolution to this day and closer geographical look on their activities in Europe and outside of Europe. Special chapter is focusing on the historical evolution of the order in Bohemia. In the fourth part is the organization and the structure of the order described, where is closer specified, what was the order focusing on and its goal, its patrons, heraldry, clothes and hierarchy. The last part of the work is informing the reader about the activities of the order connected mostly with social and charity Keywordswork. – – – H – – – r – R Crusade – s Order– Knight ospital Lazarhouse Leprosy Grand Maste eunion social aid charity work Obsah SEZNAM ZKRATEK....................................................................................................................... 7 ÚVOD ................................................................................................................................................ 8 1. CHARITA A SOCIÁLNÍ PRÁCE ........................................................................................ 13 1.1. Solidarita napříč náboženstvími ........................................................................................................... 13 1.2. Vývoj charity v křesťanství ..................................................................................................................... 16 2. GENEZE ŘÁDU .................................................................................................................... 22 2.1. Středověk - situace na evropském kontinentě ................................................................................ 22 2.1.1. Boj o přežití........................................................................................................................................................... 23 2.1.2. Válka a její různá pojetí ................................................................................................................................. 24 2.1.3. Jak ale ospravedlnit násilí? ......................................................................................................................... 25 2.2. Války proti nepřátelům křesťanstva - křížové výpravy ............................................................... 26 2.2.1. Křesťanství jako dovolené náboženství .............................................................................................. 26 2.2.2. Křesťanství jako oficiální náboženství ................................................................................................ 27 2.2.3. Na scénu přichází islám ................................................................................................................................. 29 2.2.4. Vyhlášení 1. křížové výpravy ..................................................................................................................... 30 2.3. Vznik a vývoj Řádu ..................................................................................................................................... 32 2.3.1. Možné počátky Řádu ....................................................................................................................................... 33 2.3.2. Vznik samostatného Řádu ........................................................................................................................... 35 2.3.3. Charitativní vs. bojová činnost Řádu ..................................................................................................... 37 2.3.4. Posledních 100 let ve Svaté zemi ............................................................................................................. 39 2.4. Rozšíření Řádu po Evropě ....................................................................................................................... 41 2.4.1. Zakládání komend v Evropě ....................................................................................................................... 41 2.4.2. Francie ..................................................................................................................................................................... 43 2.4.3. Spory uvnitř Řádu ............................................................................................................................................. 48 2.4.4. Existence Řádu v českých zemích ............................................................................................................ 49 3. SOUDOBÉ DĚJINY – NOVÁ KAPITOLA ŘÁDU ............................................................ 52 3.1. Cizina ............................................................................................................................................................... 52 3.1.1. Růst zájmu o Řád ............................................................................................................................................... 53 3.1.2. Schizma jako následek sporů uvnitř Řádu ......................................................................................... 55 3.1.3. Pokusy o znovusjednocení Řádu .............................................................................................................. 56 3.1.4. Personální obsazení obediencí ................................................................................................................. 59 3.2. Nová etapa Řádu v Čechách ..................................................................................................................... 61 3.2.1. Obnovení činnosti Řádu ................................................................................................................................ 61 3.2.2. Nucený exil a návrat domů .......................................................................................................................... 63 3.2.3. Rozkol ...................................................................................................................................................................... 65 3.2.4. Struktura a personální obsazení Řádu v České republice ........................................................ 66 4. ORGANIZACE A STRUKTURA ........................................................................................ 68 4.1. Poslání Řádu a jeho patroni .................................................................................................................... 68 4.2. Řádová heraldika ........................................................................................................................................ 71 4.3. Řádové obleky a hierarchie Řádu ......................................................................................................... 73 5. SOCIÁLNÍ AKTIVITY ŘÁDU V SOUČASNOSTI ........................................................... 78 5.1. Činnost Řádu v cizině ................................................................................................................................. 78 5.2. Činnost Řádu u nás ..................................................................................................................................... 80 5.2.1. Český velkobailivik .......................................................................................................................................... 80 5.2.2. České velkopřevorství .................................................................................................................................... 83 5.2.3. Hospicová služba ............................................................................................................................................... 86 ZÁVĚR ..........................................................................................................................................
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