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META META META META META META MET Her Researc Center Forher Meneutics, H in Meneutics, Phenomenology “Al Center for Hermeneutics, Phenomenology, and Practical Philosophy A A MET METResearch in A A MET Hermeneutics, Phenomenology, and Practical Philosophy A MET Vol. VII, No. 1 / June 2015 A MET A MET MET “Al. I. Cuza” University Press META Research in Hermeneutics, Phenomenology, and Practical Philosophy Vol. VII, No. 1 / June 2015 META: Research in Hermeneutics, Phenomenology, and Practical Philosophy Vol. VII, No. 1 / June 2015 Editors Stefan Afloroaei, Prof. Dr., Al.I. Cuza University of Iasi, Romania Corneliu Bilba, Lecturer Dr., Al.I. Cuza University of Iasi, Romania George Bondor, Assoc. Prof. Dr., Al.I. Cuza University of Iasi, Romania Publisher Alexandru Ioan Cuza University Press, Iasi, Romania Str. Pinului nr. 1A, cod 700109, Iasi, Romania Tel.: (+) 40 232 314947; Fax: (+) 40 232 314947 Email: [email protected]; Web: www.editura.uaic.ro Contact person: Dana Lungu Meta: Research in Hermeneutics, Phenomenology, and Practical Philosophy is an online, open access journal. Edited by the Center for Hermeneutics, Phenomenology, and Practical Philosophy, Department of Philosophy and Social and Political Sciences, Al.I. Cuza University of Iasi, Romania. Frequency 2 issues per year, published: June 15 (deadline for submissions: February 15) and December 15 (deadline for submissions: August 15) Contact Center for Hermeneutics, Phenomenology, and Practical Philosophy Department of Philosophy Faculty of Philosophy and Social and Political Sciences “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi Bd. Carol I, no. 11 700506, Iasi, Romania Tel.: (+) 40 232 201284; Fax: (+) 40 232 201154 Email: editors[at]metajournal.org Contact person: Dr. Cristian Moisuc ISSN (online): 2067 – 3655 2 META: Research in Hermeneutics, Phenomenology, and Practical Philosophy Editorial Board Arnaud François, Assoc. Prof. Dr., Univ. of Toulouse II - Le Mirail, France Valeriu Gherghel, Lect. Dr., Al.I. Cuza University of Iasi, Romania Gim Grecu, Researcher, Al.I. Cuza University of Iasi, Romania Lucian Ionel, PhD Candidate, Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg Ciprian Jeler, Researcher Dr., Al.I. Cuza University of Iasi, Romania Vladimir Milisavljevic, Researcher Dr., Institute for Philosophy and Social Theory, Belgrade, Serbia Emilian Margarit, Dr., Al.I. Cuza University of Iasi, Romania Cristian Moisuc, Assist. Dr., Al.I. Cuza University of Iasi, Romania Cristian Nae, Lect. Dr., George Enescu University of Arts, Iasi, Romania Radu Neculau, Assist. Prof. Dr., University of Windsor, Ontario, Canada Sergiu Sava, Researcher, Al.I. Cuza University of Iasi, Romania Guillaume Sibertin-Blanc, Lect. Dr., Univ. of Toulouse II-Le Mirail, France Ondřej Švec, Assoc. Prof. Dr., University of Hradec Králové, Czech Republic Ioan Alexandru Tofan, Lect. Dr., Al.I. Cuza University of Iasi, Romania Iulian Vamanu, Lecturer, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, USA Andrea Vestrucci, Assoc. Professor Dr., Federal University of Ceará (Brazil) Advisory Board Sorin Alexandrescu, Prof. Dr., University of Bucharest, Romania Jeffrey Andrew Barash, Prof. Dr., Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France Christian Berner, Prof. Dr., Université Charles de Gaulle - Lille 3, France Patrice Canivez, Prof. Dr., Université Charles de Gaulle - Lille 3, France Aurel Codoban, Prof. Dr., Babes-Bolyai Univ. of Cluj-Napoca, Romania Ion Copoeru, Assoc. Prof. Dr., Babes-Bolyai Univ. of Cluj-Napoca, Romania Vladimir Gradev, Prof. Dr., St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia, Bulgary Friedrich-Wilhelm von Herrmann, Prof. Dr., Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, Germany Oscar Loureda Lamas, Prof. Dr., University of Heidelberg, Germany Ciprian Mihali, Assoc. Prof. Dr., Babes-Bolyai Univ. of Cluj-Napoca, Romania Jürgen Mittelstraß, Prof. Dr., University of Konstanz, Germany Alexander Schnell, Prof. Dr., Université Paris IV Sorbonne, France Dieter Teichert, Prof. Dr., University of Konstanz, Germany Stelios Virvidakis, Prof. Dr., National and Kapodistrian Univ. of Athens, Greece Héctor Wittwer, Lecturer Dr., University of Hannover, Germany Frederic Worms, Prof. Dr., Université Charles de Gaulle - Lille 3, France 3 Table of contents RESEARCH ARTICLES The Liar Paradox in Plato RICHARD MCDONOUGH Pages: 9-28 False Memories and Reproductive Imagination: Ricoeur’s Phenomenology of Memory MAN-TO TANG Pages: 29-51 Sentido y responsabilidad. Invitación a la fenomenología de Husserl JOSE MANUEL CHILLON Pages: 52-75 Langage et valeurs. Les mécanismes du pouvoir chez Nietzsche GEORGE BONDOR Pages: 76-86 Questionner une quasi-absence : le témoignage dans Temps et récit PAUL MARINESCU Pages: 87-104 The Coincidentia oppositorum and the Feeling of Being VALENTIN COZMESCU Pages: 105-120 The Odyssey of the Body between Communication and Mediation ADRIAN BOJENOIU Pages: 121-142 Matters of Deliberative Democracy: Is Conversation the Soul of Democracy? MARIA CORINA BARBAROS Pages: 143-165 Justice et tolérance. La question du hobbisme du jeune Locke GABRIELA RATULEA Pages: 166-186 5 BOOK REVIEWS New Interdisciplinary Advances in the Field of Legal Translation: A Review of The Ashgate Handbook of Legal Translation GUOFENG WANG, MINGYU GONG (CHENG, LE; SIN, KING KUI, and WAGNER, ANNE, eds. (2014): The Ashgate Handbook of Legal Translation. Surrey/Burlington: Ashgate, 325 p.) Pages: 189-197 Autotopology – A Mechanical Journey Through Self RALUCA DELEANU (G. V. Loewen, Place Meant – Hermeneutic landscapes of the spatial self, 2015, University Press of America, 266 p.) Pages: 198-203 6 Research Articles Richard McDonough / The Liar Paradox in Plato META: RESEARCH IN HERMENEUTICS, PHENOMENOLOGY, AND PRACTICAL PHILOSOPHY VOL. VII, NO. 1 / JUNE 2015: 9-28, ISSN 2067-365, www.metajournal.org The Liar Paradox in Plato Richard McDonough Singapore Management University Abstract Although most scholars trace the Liar Paradox to Plato’s contemporary, Eubulides, the paper argues that Plato builds something very like the Liar Paradox into the very structure of his dialogues with significant consequences for understanding his views. After a preliminary exposition of the liar paradox it is argued that Plato builds this paradox into the formulation of many of his central doctrines, including the “Divided Line” and the “Allegory of the Cave” (both in the Republic) and the “Ladder of Love” (in the Symposium). Thus, Plato may have been the first to formulate the view that Graham Priest calls dialetheism, roughly, the view that some contradictions are, in an illuminating way, inescapable and true. The paper argues that Plato builds this Liar paradox into the formulation of his signature views because he holds that the attempt by finite human beings to theorize about transcendent realities results in the simultaneous necessity, and impossibility, of transgressing the limits of language—leading to the paradoxes (contradictions). Finally, it is argued that the existence of these paradoxes in these Platonic doctrines is the direct result of an intrinsic hermeneutical circle in Plato’s aforementioned signature views. Keywords: Plato, liar paradox, Kierkegaard, Dilthey, Wittgenstein, dialetheism Socrates: Then there is no lying poet in a God? Adeimantus: Not in my opinion. (Plato, Republic, 382d) Plato is a poet and a dramatist. And this does not mean, besides being a philosopher. He is a poet because he is a philosopher. (Randall, Plato: Dramatist of the Life of Reason, 3) It is always difficult interpreting the works of a great philosopher, but this is especially so in Plato’s case. There are 9 META: Research in Hermeneutics, Phenomenology, and Practical Philosophy – VII (1) / 2015 many reasons for this but one important reason is that Plato is neither just a philosopher nor an artist but a “Philosophical Artist” (Schleiermacher 1992, 4). In particular, although Plato’s dialogues are themselves poetic (Elias 1984, 1; Griswold 2012, § 6), Plato’s Socrates characterizes poets as liars (tellers of falsehoods) (Plato 1968, Rep. 382d). The self-reference in Plato’s views about poetry yields a paradox. Since poets are liars, and Plato is himself a poet, his own views are lies (false). But if his own views are lies, then his view that the poets lie is also false—and so poets, including Plato himself, are not liars. This paradox derives from the fact that the “old quarrel” between philosophy and poetry (Plato 1968, Rep. 607b) is internal to Plato himself. Consequently, Plato weaves (something like) the Liar Paradox (hereafter LP) into the very form of presentation of many of his signature views in his dialogues—with the result that these views are inevitably logically paradoxical. LP is a paradox of self-reference, and Plato (or to be more precise, certain characters in his dialogues), make statements about the views in the dialogues that have a similar paradoxical character. The paper focuses on “The Divided Line” (DL) where Plato gives one of the central expositions of his “theory of Forms”. The paradox arises because DL is an image, and one of DL’s own claims is that images are the most inadequate way of representing the truth. I argue that the self-reference in DL is paradoxical in a sense analogous to LP. Thus, if DL is an adequate statement of the view then it is not an adequate statement and if it not adequate then it us adequate. I also argue that analogous paradox is found in Plato’s “Allegory of the Cave” (AOC) in the Republic and his “Ladder of Love” (LOL) in the Symposium. Plato thereby makes it logically impossible to state a non-paradoxical interpretation of these of his core views— insuring that the hermeneutical questions surrounding
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