Vol. XVIII No.8 August, 1963 INFORMATION ISSUED BY THE ASSOCIATION OF JEWISH REFUGEES IN GREAT BRITAIN 8 FAIRFAX MANSIONS, FINCHLEY RD. (corner Fairfax Rd). London, N.W.S Office and Consulting Hotus: Telephone : MAtda Vale 9096/7 (General Otftce and Welfare for the Aged). Monday to Tiiursday 10 a.m.—l p.m, 3—6 p.m MAIda Vale 4449 (Employment Agency, annually licensed by fhe L,C.C., Friday 10 a,m,-1 p.m. and Social Services Dept.)

wahrscheinlich ist, dass ein Leiden, durch das der Antragsteller um niindestens 25% in seiner Erwerbsfaehigkeit beschraenkt ZUM STAND DER WIEDERGUTMACHUNGSGESETZGEBUNG ist, durch Verfolgungsmassnahmen verur­ sacht ist. Bei Antragstellern, welche sich Die deutsche Bundesregierung hat dem Bundesrat zwei Gesetzentwuerfe zur mindestens ein Jahr in einem Konzentra­ Aenderung des Bundesrueckerstattungsgesetzes und des Bundesentschaedigungs- tionslager befunden haben, soil nunmehr ge&etzes zugehen lassen. Es kann damit gerechnet werden, dass das neue Gesetz vermutet werden, dass ein vorhandener ueber Rueckerstattung noch in diesem Jahre, das Gesetz ueber Entschaedigung Gesundheitsschaden in Hoehe von 25% -Vlitte Oder Ende 1934 verabschiedet wird. verfolgungsbedingt ist. Daher braucht in Die Vorschlaege sind also noch nicht Gesetz und daher koennen irgendwelche diesen Faellen die Wahrscheinlichkeit Antraege noch nicht gestellt werden. einer Verursachung durch die Verfolgung nicht mehr festgestellt zu werden ; jedoch Die Gesetzentwuerfe enthalten im allgemeinen Verbesserungen der beste­ ist die " Vermutung" widerleglich (z.B. henden Rechtslage, aber nicht in alien Faellen. In den nachfolgenden Ausfueh­ wenn das Leiden nach der Verfolgung rungen wird der Inhalt der wesentlichsten Vorschlaege wiedergegeben. durch eine Infektion entstanden ist).

A. BUNDESRUECKERSTATTUNGS- ziehungen gewaehrt werden. Diese 4. Freiheitsberaubung in Bulgarien, GESET.?; Ansprueche koennen innerhalb eines Rumaenien und Unj^arn Jahres nach Inkrafttreten des neuen Es war bisher zweifelhaft, von wann ab .Das Bundesrueckerstattungsgesetz befasst Gesetzes angemeldet werden, nicht aber die deutsche Regierung fuer die Freiheits­ ^'ch mit Geldanspruechen wegen Entzie- andere Ansprueche, die schon nach dem entziehung durch die Regierungen in Bul­ nung festellbarer Vermoegenswerte durch jetzt gellenden Rueckerstattungsgesetz garien, Rumaenien und Ungarn verantwort­ '^^s Deutsche Reich oder die national- haetten angemeldet werden koennen, bei lich war. In Zukunft soil Entschaedigung |ozialistischen Organisationen, wie z.B. denen aber die Antragsfrist versaeumt war. fuer alle Freiheitsentziehungen durch diese ^ausrat, Lifts, Juwelen, Gold- und Silber­ III. Es soil ein Haertefond von 400 Mil­ Regierungen seit dem 6. April 1941 sachen, Wertpapiere und Bankguthaben. lionen D.M gebildet werden. Aus diesem gewaehrt werden, Die Gesamtsumme der vom Bunde Haertefond koennen Ansprueche befriedigt ^ gewaehrenden Wiedergutmachungs- werden, wenn nach rechtskraeftiger 5. Berufsschaden ajisprueche ist nach der jetzigen Gesetzes- Zurueckweisung eines frueheren Antrages 'a§e auf li Milliarden DM begrenzt. Oder seiner Zuruecknahme allgemeine Nach dem jetzt geltenden Gesetz wird die p I- Nach dem Gesetzentwurf soil diese Beweisunterlagen bekannt geworden sind, Hoehe der Entschaedigung in vielen Fael­ ^.renze fallen. Die voile Befriedigung die eine Zuerkennung des Anspruchs len davon beeinflusst, ob die Berechtigten ?l"|s jeden zugesprochenen Anspruchs soil ermoeglicht haetten. Es handelt sich also einen Anspruch aus der gesetzlichen Ren­ in folgender Weise erfolgen : nicht um Beweisunterlagen, die sich nur tenversicherung (Angestelltenversiche­ 1- durch sofortige Zahlung eines auf den Einzelfall beziehen. Aus dem rung, Invalidenversicherung) haben. Hatten oetrages bis 40.000.—DM und von 50% Haertefond koennen Ansprueche befriedigt sie einen solchen Anspruch nicht zu ^es 40,000,—DM uebersteigenden werden wegen Entziehung von Hausrat in erwarten, so fiel die Entschaedigung in Betrages ; den ehemals besetzten Westgebieten oder vielen Faellen hoeher aus. In Zukunft soil 2, durch Zahlung weiterer 25% des wegen Entziehung von Schmuck- und diese Erhoehung grundsaetzlich auch dann 40,000,—DM uebersteigenden Betrages Edelmetallgegenstaenden in den ehemals moeglich sein, wenn ein Anspruch auf in folgenden Raten : besetzten oder eingegliederten Gebieten. a) ab 1 Januar 1964 bis zum Hoechst­ betrage von 80,000.—DM, IMPORTANT ANNOUNCEMENT b) ab 1 Januar 1965 bis zum Hoechst- B. BUNDESENTSCHAEDIGUNGS­ betrage von 240.000.—DM unter GESETZ Anrechnung der nach a) gewaehrten MEETING ON RESTITUTION Leistungen. 1. Danzig c) ab 1. Januar 1966 des etwa ver­ Bisher hatten Verfolgte aus Danzig nur AND COMPENSATION bleibenden Restes dieser 25% ; beschraenkte Entschaedigungsansprueche. 3. durch Schlusszahlung ab 1. Januar In Zukunft sollen sie den Verfolgten aus Ministerialdirektor Dr. Feaux de la ^967 in der vollen verbleibenden Hoehe dem Reichsgebiet gleichgestellt werden, Croix, the Head of the Department «es zuerkannten Anspruchs. of the German Federal Ministry of Q '^le immer emeuten Vorstellungen des 2. Rueckwanderer y°,'^"cil of Jews from Germany, eine Finance dealing with Indemnifica­ err • ^^^ri^digung dieser Ansprueche zu Nach der Rechtsprechung wurden tion and Restitution Matters, has g f^^chen, haben demnach endlich die Ansprueche von Verfolgten fremder kindly agreed to give an address at j.i"laesregierung ueberzeugt und der Refe- Nationalitaet, die in Deutschland ihren a Meeting under the auspices of the j^ntenentvsTirf, ueber den in der Juni-Num- Wohnsitz gehabt haben, aber von dort in Council of Jews from Germany and jJ^^ aieser Zeitschrift berichtet wurde, ist ihren Heimatstaat " zurueckgewandert" the Association of Jewish Refugees ahrr ™ ^°" ^^^ gewuenschten Sinne waren, abgelehnt. In Zukunft sollen auch ^ogeaendert worden. Es bleibt zu hoffen, diesen Personen die vollen Ansprueche zu­ on Monday, September 9, at 7.45, hoph Zahlungsfristen fuer Berechtigte stehen, wenn sie aus Verfolgungsgruenden WerH ^^^ Altersgruppen noch verbessert ihren Wohnsitz aus Deutschland in das at 51 Belsize Square, N.W.3. sin!^ Ansprueche der erwaehnten Art Heimatland verlegt haben. As the next issue of " AJR Information " TT ""I'eschraenkt vererblich. will reach its readers only in the course ,1. Der Gesetzentwurf enthaelt Verbes- 3. Gesundheitsschaden bei Eonzentra- of the first week of September, we RiT^I^^" wegen Entziehung in Ost-Berlin. tionslagerhaft announce this important function now. 2,,?^'^erstattungsansprueche sollen in Entschaedigung wird nach den bisheri­ No further invitations will be sent out. '^Kunft auch fuer die dort erfolgten Ent­ gen Bestimmungen nur gewaehrt, wenn es Page i. AJR INFORMATION August, 1963

TRIALS IN GERMANY ZUM STAND DER WIEDERGUTMACHUNGSGESETZGEBUNG At a trial at Freiburg of three former members of the Nazi police battalion No, 322 Continued from page 1 Freiheit auf die Dauer von mindestens accused of complicity in the mass murder of Sozialversicherung gegeben ist. Es besteht einem Jahr entzogen worden ist. Auch eine Jews and other civilians in Russia during also die Moeglichkeit, dass in einer Anzahl Witwe, deren Ehemann in der Verfolgung the war, the prosecutor demanded a five-year von Faelien durch Gewaehrung eines umgekommen ist, kann eine solche BeihiLfe sentence for Gerhard Riebel and three years' erhalten, falls sie nicht wieder geheiratet hard labour for Heinz-Gerd Huelsemann, He Zuschlages zu der festgesetzten Entschaedi­ hat. suggested the acquittal of Josef Uhl, gung in Zukunft ein hoeherer Betrag The first two accused, said the prosecutor, gewaehrt wird. Die neue Regelung kann had participated in the most horrible | ferner eine Ausdehnung des Entschaedi­ 10. Haerteausgleich massacres carried out by their unit when over ] gungszeitraums zur Folge haben. Ein Haerteausgleich kann gewaehrt 3,700 Jewish men, women and children had j werden: been killed. As no evidence hacJ been pro­ 6. Berufsschadens-Witwenrente duced during the trial to convict the other j a) wegen Gesundheitsschadens an einen accused, Uhl, he should be acquitted and com­ a) Wenn ein Verfolgter nach Renten­ Verfolgten, wenn die Wahrscheinlichkeit pensated for 30 months' detention in custody. | wahl, aber vor Abschluss des Entschaedi­ des Zusammenhanges zwischen der Gesund­ The Court decided that the two other defen­ gungsverfahrens, verstorben ist, so war die heitsschaedigung und der Verfolgung nur dants were not guilty either, because they had j Gewaehrung einer Witwenrente oft zwei­ deshalb nicht festzustellen ist, weil ueber acted under orders. felhaft. In Zukunft soil die Witwe in diesem die Ursache des Leidens in der aerztlichen The public prosecutor in Frankfort is I Falle einen Anspruch auf die Witwenrente Wissenschaft Ungewissheit besteht; investigating the past of a number of ex-j haben, wenn sie selbst verfolgt war oder b) wegen Berufsschadens eines in Gestapo officials suspected of responsibility for i Nazi brutalities. The charges came to light | von der Verfolgung mitbetroffen war. Deutschland ausserhalb des Gebietes der when a former Gestapo official, Heinrich Baab, i b) Nach geltendem Recht kann eine Bundesrepublik und ausserhalb Berlins who was sentenced to hard labour for life for] Witwe, deren Mann vor dem 1. Oktober Oder eines in Danzig verstorbenen Verfolg­ complicity in the murder of at least 55 persons, 1953 verstorben ist, nur eine Kapitalent­ ten an seine nicht wiederverheiratete began writing notes on the activities of other j schaedigung, nicht aber eine Witwenrente Witwe, wenn der Verfolgte vor dem 31. former Gestapo officials. Two Nazis who erhalten. In Zukunft soil auch sie mit Dezember 1952 verstorben ist und seine directed Gestapo activities in Frankfort from Wirkung vom 1. Januar 1960 einen Witwe von der Verfolgung mitbetroffen 1943 are incriminated, Anspruch auf Witwenrente haben. Die war. Ernst Losch, a former member of a Nazi] Einsatzkommando whose task it was to exter­ vorgesehene Bestimmung bedarf aber minate civilians in German-occupied Eastern! deshalb noch der Verbesserung, weil die 11. Antragstellung Europe, told a court in Wuppertal of a " silent | bereits gezahlte Kapitalentschaedigung auf a) Verfolgte, die einen nach dem jetzt mutiny " among members of the unit who had die Witwenrente angerechnet werden soil. geltenden Gesetz bestehenden Anspruch been deeply shocked by the mass executions Das wuerde bedeuten, dass die Witwen­ nicht rechtzeitig angemeldet haben, koen­ they were ordered to carry out. Some of the j rente nicht mit dem 1. Januar 1960, son­ nen das auch nach dem Entwurf nicht men had been on the verge of a nervous break- j dern unter Umstaenden viel spaeter nachholen. down under the strain and had toye(l with the [ beginnt. idea of disobeying the execution orders, b) Hat ein Verfolgter aber rechtzeitig especially those against women and children. Witwen, deren Maenner in Deutschland einen Antrag auf Entschaedigung gestellt, But in the end the fear that they would thein-j ausserhalb des Gebiets der Bundesrepublik so koennen weitere Ansprueche noch bi? selves be killed if they refused made theittj Oder ausserhalb Berlins verstorben sind, zum 31. Maerz 1965 nachgemeldet werden. carry out the execution orders. sollen leider wie bisher keinen Anspruch c) Verfolgte, die infolge der vorgese­ auf Berufsschadens-Witwenrente haben henen Aenderung des Gesetzes einen neuen AUSCHWITZ COMMANDANT DIES (vgl. aber ueber Haerteausgleich unten Anspruch oder einen weitergehenden The Frankfort police have reported that] unter Ziff. 10b). Anspruch als den bisher angemeldeten Richard Baer, 51, the last commandant OTI Wir werden hierzu in der naechsten haben, sollen ebenfalls einen Antrag bis Auschwitz, has died in prison of a heart j Nummer noch eingehend Stellung nehmen. zum 31. Maerz 1965 stellen koennen. Diese attack. Antragsfrist gilt zum Beispiel fuer diejeni­ Baer was to have gone on trial next year, 7. Ausbildungsschaden together with 23 or more co-defendants, io] gen, die nach dem Entwurf eine hoehere the " Auschwitz trial". He would have been Des Ausbildungsschaden soil in Zukunft Berufsentschaedigung als die bisher zuge- the chief accused. Police detained him i^ 10.000,-DM betragen, wenn sich die sprochene erhalten koennen (vgl. Ziffer 5 December, 1960, near Hamburg, where he had ^ Schaedigung in der Ausbildung nachhaltig dieser Darstellung). Ob eine solche Bes­ lived as a woodman for 15 years under aj auf das berufliche Fortkommen ausgewirkt serstellung moeglich ist, kann nur durch false name. hat, Sonst bleibt er auf 5,000.-DM Pruefung des Einzelfalles festgestellt wer­ beschraenkt. Ferner soil der Ausbildungs­ den. Sie erfolgt nicht etwa in alien Faellen. schaden vererblich sein. d) Ebenfails bis zum 31. Maerz 1965 INVEST YOUR SURPLUS CAPITAL sollen Verfolgte berechtigt sein, einen 8. Spaetaussi^dler aus den Vertreibungs- neuen Antrag zu stellen, wenn ihr IN gebieten Anspruch auf Rente fuer Gesundheits­ Der Entwurf sieht vor, dass Verfolgte schaden in vollem Umfange abgelehnt wor­ deutscher Volkszugehoerigkeit aus den aus- den ist. Dies bezieht sich aber nur auf die TRUSTEE serdeutschen Vertreibungsgebieten den seltenen Faelle, in denen die Entscheidung fuer diese Verfolgtengruppe vorgesehenen auf einer aerztlichen Beurteilung beruht, Anspruch auf Entschaedigung fuer Gesund­ die in offenbarem Widerspruch zu der herr­ INVESTMENTS heitsschaden, Freiheitschaden, Sonderab­ schenden medizinischen Auffassung ueber Zusammenhang zwischen Verfolgung und which are : gaben und Berufsschaden haben sollen, Gesundheitsschaden steht, oder wenn der wenn sie bis zum 1. Oktober 1953 das Ver­ ablehnenden Entscheidung eine Rechtsauf­ treibungsgebiet verlassen haben. Hierbei fassung zugrunde liegt, die im offenbaren 1. Fully secured on property. handelt es sich um eine gesetzliche Ein­ Widerspruch zu einer spaeteren vom Bun­ schraenkung, die insbesondere die Spaet- 2. Guaranteed at an Interest Rate auswanderer fnach 1.10.1953) aus Ungarn desgerichtshof zur Frage der wesentlichen trifft (vgl. aber ueber Sonderfond unter 9). Mitverursachung vertretenen Rechtsauffas­ of between 6%-8% per annum. Auch ueber diese Frage wird in der sung steht. Am 25. und 26. September wird eine 3. Insured against inflation by a naechsten Nummer der " AJR Infor­ unique built-in safeguard. mation " noch mehr zu sagen sein. Besprechung ueber den Entwurf zum Bun­ desentschaedigungsgesetz beim Finanz­ 9. Sonderfond fuer Fluechtlinge ans ministerium in Bonn mit den Verfolgten­ Laendem hinter dem "Eisemen organisationen stattfinden, bei denen Ver- For further information contact : Vorhang " besserungsvorschlaege gemacht werden Mr. P. Abbey (London Consultant) Ein besonderer Fond von 600 Millionen werden. Es steht auch zu erwarten, dass DM wird fuer diejenigen Verfolgten bereit­ der Bundestag nach eingehender Vorarbeit BRICE, TARRY & CO., LTD. gestellt, welche die Laender hinter dem Aenderungen vornehmen wird. " Eisernen Vorhang " seit dem 1. Oktober Antraege koennen, wie bereits erwaehnt, Telephone : CHAncery 2345 1953 verlassen haben. Sie koennen eine ein­ nicht eingereicht werden, bevor das Evening, WORdsworth 1148 malige Beihilfe erhalten, wenn ihnen die Gesetz fertiggestellt und verkuendet ist. AJR INFORMATION August, 1963 Page 3 ATTACKS ON INDEMNIFICATION ANSPRUECHE VON OESTERREICHERN NACH DEM PROGRAMME DEUTSCHEN BUNDESENTSCHAEDIGUNGSGESETZ Articles in German papers During the last few months we have Fristablauf 11. Oktober 1963 noticed with dismay that German news­ U papers published articles on the subject Ansprueche aus dem " Altreich Vorsorgliche Anmeldung von Anspruechen of indemnification which clearly indicate Ausgewanderter durch aus Oesterreich stammende that they are part of a campaign. These Verfolgte newspapers are not of the neo-Nazi brand, POesterreichisch e Staatsangehoerige, die whose opposition to indemnification for I^F 3US dem deutschen Reichsgebiet (nach dem In einer juristischen deutschen Zeit­ Nazi crimes is in line with their anti-demo­ Stande vom 31. Dezember 1937) augewan- schrift wurde unlaengst von einem Autor cratic policy. The papers we have in mind ^ert sind. koennen bis zum 11. Oktober die Ansicht vertreten, dass auch aus Oester­ express the views of influential industrial 1963 Ansprueche nach dem deutschen Bun- reich stammende Nazi-Opfer auf Grund des circles, or are closely connected with high- oesentschaedigungsgesetz geltend machen, deutsch-oesterreichischen Finanz- und Aus- ranking political figures. The intention of Wenn sie nach oesterreichischem Recht am gleichsvertrages die Ansprueche haben, die the articles is to limit the financial obliga­ °- Mai 1945 und am 27. Juli 1955 als oester- den Staatenlosen und politischen Fluecht­ tions of the indemnification programme, •"eichische Staatsangehoerige galten. lingen nach dem deutschen Bundesent­ thus trying to jeopardise the hopes for schaedigungsgesetz zustehen. essential improvements to the Bills of the Die Anspruchsmoeglichkeit beruht Final Compensation Law and the Federal Qarauf, dass die Verzichtsklausel im oester­ Ob diese Auffassung von der Recht­ Restitution Law, In accordance with this reichischen Staatsvertrag vom 15, Mai 1955 sprechung geteilt werden wird, wird sich tendency, figures supposedly illustrating tiurch den deutsch-oesterreichischen Finanz erst erweisen, wenn ueber einen Musterfall the total cost of the indemnification pro­ ^und Ausgleichsvertrag vom 27. Novem­ ("test case") eine rechtskraeftige Ent­ gramme are being mentioned, which can ber 1961 weggefallen ist. scheidung vorliegen wird. Das Verfahren wird laengere Zeit in Anspruch nehmen. scarcely bear close scrutiny. Frueher gestellte Antraege dieser Ver- Zur Fristwahrung koennen vorsorgliche toJgten, welche unter Berufung auf die Ver- Anmeldungen erfolgen. ?ichtsklausel abgewiesen wurden, koennen Costs Widely Exaggerated ,letzt wieder aufgenommen werden, (1) Wer soil die vorsorgliche Anmeldung II vornehmen ? Sofern die Betroffenen keinen Antrag "^ach dem deutschen Bundesentschaedi­ Ehemalige oesterreichische Staatsange­ The German persecutee organisations gungsgesetz gestellt haben, koennen sie bis hoerige, die aus Oesterreich oder aus einem have joined issue with the campaigners, ^um 11, Oktober 1963 bei der Entschaedi- anderen Land (ausser dem Gebiet des stressing that indemnification is not a Sungsbehoerde ihres letzten deutschen Deutschen Reichs in den Grenzen vom present, but the fulfilment of legal claims Wohnsitzes Entschaedigung beantragen. 31. Dezember 1937) ausgewandert sind— of victims of the Third Reich. They protest *Jer Antrag muss eingeschrieben abgesandt es sei denn. dass sie oesterreichische against the quotation of estimated figures ^erden und bis zu diesem Zeitpunkt bei Staatsangehoerigkeit bis zum 1. Oktober which cannot be regarded as in any way ^?r deutschen Entschaedigungsbehoerde 1953 erworben haben. proven by previous payments. The finan­ ^'^ngegangen sein. Der Erwerb der britischen oder einer cial burdens consequent upon the Nazi war already amount to more than -Formulare zur Fristwahrung koennen bei anderen Staatsangehoerigkeit schliesst die .Anmeldung nicht aus. DM 270 milliards. Looked at from this URO, 183/189 Finchley Road, London, angle the cost of implementing the BEG, j; W.S, brieflich (mit freigemachtem Rueck- (2) Welche Ansprueche koennen vorsorg­ so far DM 14 milliards or 5 per cent Kouvert) mit dem Vermerk "Altreich- lich angemeldet werden ? of the overall war burden, certainly does ^uswanderer " angefordert werden. (a) Eigene Ansprueche fuer Schaden not seem exaggerated; and it must be an Koerper, Gesundheit und Freiheit borne in mind that the crimes which range (nicht Internierung in England) ; from pillaging of entire groups of the (b) Hinterbliebenen-Ansprueche, falls population to mass murder started as early OESTERREICHISCHER HILFSFONDS der Tod durch die Verfolgung verursacht as six years before the outbreak of the VERFOLGTE worden ist. Second World War. (5.3.1933 —8..5.1945) (3) Bis wann und wo muessen vorsorg­ We could easily supplement the facts welche am 13. Maerz 1938 oester­ liche Anmeldungen erfolgen ? stated by the German persecutee organisa­ Sie muessen bis spaetestens 11. Oktober tions with accounts of human sufferings reichische Staatsbuerger waren 1963 bei der Entschaedigungsbehoerde still unrelieved and unlikely to be mitigated Oder vor diesem Tage 10 Jahre erfolgt sein, d.i. im Fall von in Grossbritan­ if the present draft of the Final Compen­ ununterbrochen im Gebiete der nien lebenden Anmeldenden: Der sation Law remains as it is. We prefer Republik Oesterreich ihren Wohn­ Regierungspraesident, Entschaedigungs- not to enter into these polemics and hope sitz und staendigen Aufenthalt behoerde, Koeln, Zeughausstrasse 4-8. that the initiators of the campaign will hatten abandon it. It seems that they have for­ (4) Wie kann die vorsorgliche Anmeldung gotten the ethical motives of the originators Oder am 13. Maerz 1938 deutsche vorgenommen werden ? of the programme, most of whom continue Staatsbuerger waren und aus Das United Restitution Office in London to be at the helm of the German Govern­ Oesterreich auswanderten. koennen (183/189 Finchley Road, London, N.W.3) ment, and the still prevailing tragic conse­ Zuwendungen fuer hat Kurzanmeldeformulare angefertigt. quences of the deeds committed by the Berufsschaeden oder Schaeden durcli UnterbiechDng der Sie koennen dort schriftlich (mit freige­ criminal regime. machtem Rueckkouvert), mit Vermerk Berufsausbildung oder der vorberuflictien Ausbildung " Oesterreich-Auswanderer ", angefordert It was only eight months ago that the then erhalten, wenn sie die uebrigen werden. Federal Minister of Finance made the fol­ gesetzlichen und statutarischen Die Antragsteller muessen die Formulare lowing statement: " The Federal Govern­ oedingungen erfuellen und ihre selbst ausfuellen und eingeschrieben an ment realises that the prestige which the Anmeldung bis laengstens zum den Regierungspraesidenten, Entschaedi­ German Republic has regained abroad rests 31. Oktober 1963 gungsbehoerde, Koeln, Zeughausstrasse in great measure on world recognition of oeim Hilfsfonds in Wien IL, 4-8 absenden. Zwei Durchschlaege soil its indemnification programme." We need der Antragsteller ausfuellen und bei sich not state that the newspaper campaign can Taborstr. 4-6, eintreffend only endanger this result. ueberreichen. aufbewahren. Antragsformulare, die auch die mass- Die Anmeldung muss bis zum 11. Oktober Discussion of the present drafts should Seblichen Vorschriften der Statuten 1963 bei der Behoerde eingegangen sein. be conducted in an objective and dignified ^nthalten, sind bei der naechstgelegenen Eine darueber hinausgehende Beratung manner by the experts and parliamen­ oesterreichischen diplomatischen Ver- und Vertretung solcher Ansprueche kann tarians and be completed in the spirit of ^etung, oder beim Austrian Desk des erst erfolgen, falls die Rechtslage durch mutual understanding that characterised iJmted Restitution Office, 183/189 Pinchley Road, London, N.W.S, die Gerichte im guenstigen Sinne geklaert the start of the programme. Indemnifica­ _ erhaeltlich. wird. Zu gegebener Zeit wird AJR tion is too solemn a matter to be dragged Information hierueber berichten. into the market place. sii!^ia!!P.ssmKXsm»msm-^mm»3^^M«mmi!^mmms'.^mmmimm-.v Bgyt^raii^i^tiRiiy:"; mm^^^^^m.

Page 4 AJR INFORMATION August, 1963

JEWS IN RUSSIA N£WS FROM ABROAD Five Executed " Sovietskaya Russia" has announced the UNITED STATES EAST AND WEST CLASH execution of five Leningrad men—at least IN HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION Jewish Campaign Agamst Anti-Negro three of them believed to be Jews—just four Discrimination During the debates which recently took and a half months after their sentences had place at Geneva in the Economic and Social been reported in the same newspaper. The first attempt to recruit an entire Jewish Committee of the United Nations on various They had been found guilty of economic community to campaign against anti-Negro dis­ issues of human rights. Western and Com­ OiTences including the misappropriation ofj crimination is being made in Philadelphia by munist representatives clashed repeatedly over office equipment, worth the Soviet equivalent! the Jewish Community Relations Council there. the situation of Soviet Jews. of £70.000. Basing its efforts on the proposition that The Czechoslovak and Soviet delegates voted Ukrainian Antisemites racism is " man's greatest threat to man" for postponement of the pubUcation of a study and that therefore anti-Negro racism is also on the right of every person to leave any Fresh anxiety among Jews has been caused a danger to Jews, the Council has proposed country. Fifteen nations urged that the by the strengthening of the Ukrainian elements a programme to enlist the support of all report should be given the widest possible in the secretariat of the Central Committee sectors of the Jewish community. distribution. of the Soviet Communist Party through the It suggests a conference to review employ­ The J'rench and British delegates clashed election of Leonid Brezhniev and N. V. Pod- ment practices as regards Negroes and to with the Soviet delegate when he sought to gorny, First Ukrainian Party Secretary. correct inequities wherever found with respect minimise the importance of religious intoler­ According to reports from reUable sources, to membership, policies, services and so forth. ance. The American delegate referred both these men are known to be unfriendly It further suggests that organisations should repeatedly to the situation of Jews in an towards Jews and to be opponents of any invest funds " with the conscious goal of unspecified country when he spoke of the relaxation in the campaigns against " economic furthering equality of opportunity" and continuance of religious intolerance in some offences " and against religion, should withdraw these funds from institutions parts of the world. which practise discrimination. The Israeli delegate urged the delegates to It proposes that the sale and rental of any " call a spade a spade or antisemitism anti­ POLAND property owned by Jewish organisations or semitism " and lambasted the anti-Jewish poli­ Jew-Baiters Arrested institutions " should be free from any form of cies of the Soviet Union, but without referring racial discrimination " and advises that such to that country by name. On instructions from Warsaw, a Polish] organisations should refuse to be parties to However, despite the many expressions of attorney has instituted proceedings against a any restrictive covenant or agreement. support, the Social Committee of the Economic group of Poles for making insulting antisemitic The programme makes suggestions as and Social Council voted only to draw the remarks. If found guilty, they are Uable to regards non-discrimination at conventions, calls attention of the General Assembly to the fines equivalent to £50 each or to three j for more positive themes in curriculum intention of the Human Rights Commission months' imprisonment pr both, materials in religious schools and Jewish day to give priority at its next session to a draft A group of Jews at a cafe in DzierzonoWt schools and colleges, and urges students to declaration on the ehmination of religious Western Poland, were insulted by Poles sitting " examine their own biases " to understand the intolerance. at a neighbouring table, who made angry Negro problems. It suggests an approach to The Human Rights Commission will not meet remarks about " the dirty Jews ", One of the Jewish businessmen and industrialists to enlist again until September, 1965,— (J.C) Poles called out: "Couldn't Hitler find you their co-operation in opening more jobs for and make another piece of soap or a lamp­ Negroes in places owned by Jews and calls JEWISH CENTRE IN VIENNA shade from your skins," for meetings with property developers and The offenders were arrested but later builders to interpret the new Fair Housing On June 17th an impressive ceremony took released to stand trial. One of the Poles Ordinance of Philadelphia, place in Vienna on the occasion of the laying expressed regret at his " bad behaviour ", but of the foundation-stone for the Jewish Centre the others refused to withdraw their anti- which will be built on the site of the former Jewish insults and will therefore stand trial.- Catholic Stand on Antisemitism Muellner Synagogue which was totally (J.C.) destroyed on November 10th, 1938, The cost Authoritative Vatican circles have corrected of the building, estimated at 12 million Jew Quits Politburo a leading American Jesuit, Father Gustave schillings, has been put at the disposal of the Weigel, who told a Jewish audience in Atlantic Jewish community by the Govemment of According to Radio Free Europe quotii^ City that the Ecumenical Council would take Austria, The five-storey building will house Radio Warsaw, Roman Zambrowski, the last no public stand on antisemitism because the the Jewish Museum, a library, a kosher surviving Jewish member of Poland's Com­ Roman Catholic Church feared offending the restaurant and an elaborate vocational centre munist hierachy, has resigned. An official Arabs. Father Weigel told the National Com­ for Jewish youth. There will also be a large announcement said that Zambrowski had asked munity Relations -Advisory Council's annual hall which can be used as a synagogue on the to be excused from further duties in the convention that Arab opinion presented an High Holy-days and as a theatre, cinema, lec­ PoUtburo and the Central Committee because obstacle to public condemnation of anti­ of iU health. semitism by the Ecumenical Council (which ture hall and social meeting place during the rest of the year. Dr. Feldsberg, the President Ort in Breslau resumes on September 29), of the Jewish community, conducted the func­ But Mr, Zachariah Shuster, director of the tion which was attended by representatives of European Office of the American Jewish Com­ According to the Polish press, the vocationa,!' the Austrian Government, the Roman Catholic courses of Ort, the well-known Jewish organi-: mittee, who has just returned to Paris from and the Protestant Churches and many other Rome, has stated that the position of the sation for professional training, in Wrocla* organisations. The Austrian Minister of Edu­ (formerly Breslau) have proved a great Vatican on the question of the attitude to cation, Dr, Drimmel, was one of the main the Jews had not changed, and the obstacles success. One hundred and seventy members speakers. The completion of the Centre is of the Jewish community have applied fo' mentioned by Father Weigel were not going likely to take two years, to block the discussion on the subject. He admittance to the new courses starting J^ added that circles very close to the presi­ autumn, giving training in radio and TV dency of the Secretariat for the Unity of MORE THAN A QUARTER MILLION JEWS mechanics, tailoring, production of glass an» Christians had stated that "there is no ASSISTED BY "JOINT" processing of metals, Ort's work is done i^ conjunction with the Jewish social and cultural i authorisation whatever for the kind of state­ The yearly report of the American Joint ment attributed to Father Weigel; with organisations in Poland and enjoys the support] Distribution Committee for 1962 gives the of the Polish authorities, regard to the future, the statement of Father following details on its activities: 277,000 Weigel does not correspond with the actual Jews, living in 29 different countries, were state of the question involved ".—(J.C.) assisted; the expenditure amounted to 28,5 JEWISH MINISTER IN CANADA million dollars which was mainly raised by Maitland B, Steinkopf, a 50-year-old Winni'^ Jews Awarded Freedom Medal the United Jewish Apppal, The most outstand­ ing task was the help to Jews from Algeria ; peg attorney and civic leader, was sworn i" Three Jews are among the 31 personalities owing to their arrival in France, the French as Provincial Secretary and Minister of PubW who have been awarded the Presidential Medal Jewish community now exceeds 500,000 and Utilities in the Manitoba Cabinet, This is the of Freedom by President Kennedy, This is has become the fourth largest in the world first time a Jew has been named to a Cabino^ the highest civilian honour the President can (after U,S,A„ Russia and Israel), The budget in anv Canadian province other than Ontario- fonfer for services in peacetime and is given for 1963 provides 30,7 million dollars. Since Mr, Steinkopf has served as Manitoba Chair­ to persons who make " an especially meri­ its inception in 1914 the Joint has spent more man of Israel bonds and as a co-Chairman oi torious contribution to the security or national than 750 million dollars on assistance, the United Jewish Appeal, interests of the United States, world peace or cultural or other significant public or private U.S.A, NAZI SENTENCED ALGERIAN EMIGRANTS endeavours ", The three recipients are former Supreme John C, Vinson, Jnr,, an 18-year-old sup­ A trickle of Algerian repatriates are stiU Court Justice Felix Frankfurter, former porter of George Lincoln Rockwell, the arriving in Marseilles, about 5 per cent of thei^ United States Senator and New York Govemor American Nazi leader, was sentenced to life Jews, Most of them come from Algiers ano Herbert H. Lehman and Mr. Rudolf Serkin, imprisonment for the murder of Lewis Gold- Oran and the favourite choice of residence W the pianist.-—(J.C.) fein. a 17-vear-old Jewish boy. these new arrivals is either Paris or Marseilles- AJR INFORMATION August, 1963 Page 5 HOME NEWS ANGLO-JUDAICA Prince Philip and the " Bridge " MOSLEY MEETING ARRESTS IN PARLIAMENT The Duke of Edinburgh spoke at the first Ten people appeared at North London Court Taxability of German Civil " Bridge in Britain " dinner in his capacity as ^n charges resulting from scuffles during a Servants' Pensions the first hon. member of the Bridge as well as t-nion Movement meeting addressed by Mosley On June 17th Mr. Wade asked the Chancellor guest of honour. " Nothing gives me greater 3t Boleyn Road. Dalston, when two policemen of the Exchequer why the exemption from pleasure ", said the Duke, " than the contribu­ *ere injured. taxation, at present given to Federal German tion my Award Scheme has made to the Four of the men were remanded on bail Government annuities paid as compensation development of the Bridge in Britain. , . . until August 13, one until August 21, four to certain German refugees in this country, is I wish the Bridge increasing good fortune and Were fined and a youth aged 16 was remitted not also extended under his regulations to the success in the years ahead," w> North London Juvenile Court, accused of pensions paid by the Federal German Govem­ The dinner was held to thank those who had assaulting a poUceman. ment as compensation to former State financed the 1963 Bridge scholarships. Mosley was to have spoken at Ridley Road employees. Although the Bridge is now no longer a Jiear Boleyn Road, but on arrival he found In his written answer Mr. Barber, Financial specifically Jewish organisation, almost all the the site already occupied by members of the Secretary of the Treasury, stated: " The scholarship donors were Jews and the Duke North-East London Co-ordinating Anti­ exemption from United Kingdom Income Tax expressed his appreciation of the " tremen­ fascist Committee, who had been speaking given by Section 22, Finance Act, 1961, to dous and unfaiUng generosity of the Jewish trom 10 a,m. that day to prevent Mosley from certain annuities payable under legislation of community each time I ask them to do some­ "sing the area. At Boleyn Road about 200 the Federal German Republic relating to com­ thing for me . . . particularly raising money ". policemen sealed off the area to prevent clashes pensation of victims of National SociaUst per­ oetween the two organisations. The Union secution is confined to those annuities which Mr. John Silkin, M.P. Movement had planned a procession in the are specifically exempted from German Tax." ftast End. but this was banned bv Scotland Mr. John Ernest Silkin became the 23rd ''ard for fear of disorders,—(J.C) DEATH OF SIR ALEXANDER MAXWELL Jewish Member of ParUament when he was recently elected to the seat at Deptford. Stand­ PUBLIC ORDER BILL Sir Alexander Maxwell, who passed away ing as the Labour candidate, he polled 12,209 recently, was Permanent Under-Secretary of votes against 4,726 for the Liberal and 4,023 Five Jewish M,P.s took part in the Commons' State at the Home Office from 1938 until 1948, for the Conservative, Rebate on the PubUc Order Bill. The criticism In this capacity he played a responsible part Mr. Silkin's brother, Mr. Samuel Charles *as directed not so much at the Bill but at in the admission to this country of victims of Silkin, Q,C., has been chosen as prospective tne fact that the Government had lost the Nazi persecution before the outbreak of war ParUamentary Labour candidate for Dulwich pportunity of getting to grips with the prob­ and also after the end of hostiUties. His for the next General Election, lem of incitement to reUgious and racial share in this rescue work will be gratefully Jjatred, At times the debate reached heights remembered by our community. Judge Laski's Retirement °t emotional intensity as the fate of six ?|'llion Jews under Hitler was recalled, and LORD RUSSELL'S LETTER TO IZVESTIA Judge Laski is to retire as Recorder of 5-Ps warned against a recrudescence of anti- Bertrand Russell, the philosopher, addressed Liverpool at the end of the next session of Semitism, a letter to the Editor of Izvestia, pleading for the Liverpool Crown Court on reaching the The main complaint was that the Bill, which the " understanding and sympathetic treat­ age Umit of 72, He has presided over the was given an unopposed second reading, ment, after harsh suffering ", of the Jews of court since it was opened in September, 1956, JP^^ely increased the penalties for creating Europe, He expressed the hope that Jews when he was appointed Recorder, Public disorder. Its critics wanted the law would be permitted full cultural facilities, reli­ From 1933 until 1940 he was president of 'iself amended so that incitement would be gious freedom and the rights of a national the Board of Deputies and joint chairman of an offence,—(J,C,) group in practice as well as in law. He was its Joint Foreign Committee, His present troubled " that there should be articles in communal positions include the presidency of HAMPSTEAD SWASTIKAS Soviet journals of many republics expressing the Spanish and Portuguese community and hostility to Jewish people as such," Izvestia the vice-presidency of the .\nglo-Jewish , The South Hampstead District Synagogue did not publish the letter. Association, naa a large swastika and the words " Juden *\aus" painted on its notice board, and Against Apartheid of !l^^ daubings appeared on the upper part BRITISH NAZI LEAFLETS FOR GERMANY .? the synagogue, where the swastikas were Bavarian firms and newspapers have received A number of A n^lo-Jewish playwrights will about five feet high. refuse to allow their works to be performed Nazi leaflets signed " Printed and pubUshed in any South African theatre which discrimi­ p. At Hampstead Garden Suburb Synagogue, by the National Socialist Movement, Prince- nates against coloured people. They are ofit ^^'"Ss swastikas were painted on the face dale Road, London, W.ll". A few weeks among the 48 signatories to a declaration ./ the building and on memorial boards outside before, similar leaflets with the same address issued by Mrs. Barbara Castle, M.P., who is 'ne premises, were plastered on a synagogue in Frankfurt. President of the Anti-Apartheid Movement. The leaflet praises " Hitler and the Nazi move­ The playwrights include Bemard Kops, C.B.F. GRANTS ment " and states that " the National Socialist Jonathan Miller, Benn Levy, Robert Muller, revival has begun again : We say once again Harold Pinter and Arnold Wesker. The Council of the Central British Fund has ' Sieg Heil'". Vn fu ^ £10.714 to finance the repair of a Henriqnes Street oVrtA '^^'itre in Paris used by Jewish refugee NEW PREMISES FOR C.C.J. p"Jt«ren, The grant is one of a number allo- To commemorate the outstanding social Drrf- ^^ ^^^ ^^tid towards the cost of several The Council of Christians and Jews has worker and Warden of the Bernhard Baron TT?*^^ ^°^ educational and social purposes, moved into its new premises at 41 Cadogan St. George's Jewish Settlement, the late Sir JJ the Council has confiirmed a nutritional Gardens, S.W.3. This will enable the Council Basil Henriques, the street where the settle­ ^.oject for Moroccan infants—which has to widen the scope of its activities and broaden ment is situated (Bemer Street, E.l) has been tgp^ady been accepted by the British Commit- the daily contacts with its many supporters. renamed Henriques Street. an^tor the Freedom from Hunger Campaign— •The Council's new home is a gift from a a^ has made a first grant of £5,410, It also Jewish member of its executive committee, lis>.^^ to a grant of £3,500 towards the estab- Mr. Reginald Graham. It comprises a hall, Hospital Wing Opened library, seven large offices and a terrace. tnient of a home for the aged in Morocco. Lord Cohen of Birkenhead officially opened the reconstructed accident department at the Manchester Victoria Memorial Jewish Hospital. Work on the £100.000 building began in January, 1962, and some of it has only just been completed. The funds for the new Feuchtwanser (London) Ltd. building were mainly provided by the Man­ chester Regional Hospital Board. Bankers BASILDON HOUSE, 7-11, MOORGATE, E.C.2 Hilton Licence The Licensed Kosher Caterers' Association Telephone: METropolitan 8151 has announced, through their solicitors, that they have instituted proceedings in the High Representing: Court against three officers of the Kashrus Commission and against the Commission itself. i L. FEUCHTWANGER BANK LTD. I FEUCHTWANGER CORPORATION This arises from the granting by the Com­ TEL AVIV : JERUSALEM : HAIFA ! 60 EAST 42nd ST., NEW YORK, 17, N.Y. mission of a full catering licence to J. L. Ban­ queting Ltd. at the new London Hilton Hotel, a non-Jewish establishment. Page 6 AJR INFORMATION August, 1963

BERLIN JEWISH COMMUNITY HONOURS NEWS FROM GERMANY JEANETTE WOLFF Mrs. Jeanette Wolft', who celebrated her 75th birthday on June 22, was the guest of honour AND ISRAEL at a reception given by the Berlin Jewish community. Mrs. Wolff, who survived the Nazi S.S. RALLY CALLED OFF GERMAN-ISRAELI RELATIONS concentration camps, is a member of the German Federal Parliament. Throughout her The international S.S. rally in Hameln, Israeli Minister's Speech Ufe she has always taken a keen interest in planned for September, has been called off. Jewish communal affairs, and she now plays Announcing this in a letter to Herr Benne­ Mr, Shimon Peres, Deputy Minister of a prominent role in the Jewish Women's mann, the Minister of the Interior of Lower Defence, in the Knesset debate on Mr. Eshkol's Organisation and the Zentralrat of the Jews in Saxony, the spokesman of the organisation of new Government, declared that Israel must Germany. former Waffen-S.S. members, Erich Eberhardt, have good relations with West Germany so maintained that the decision to call off the that she could be well armed against her real AWARD FOR LUDWIG ROSENBERG rally had been taken for " State political enemy, Egypt. reasons ". Answering Opposition speakers who had On the occasion of his 60th birthday Mr- Ludwig Rosenberg, the Chairman of the Ger­ Various organisations as well as Trade criticised the poUcy of Mr. Ben-Gurion's Government and the proposed poUcy of Mr. man Trade Union Organisation, was awarded Unions had protested against the intended the " Grosse Verdienstkreuz mit Stern una rally.—(J.C.) Eshkol, Mr. Pei-es said that Israel could only turn to three areas to fulfil her arms needs— Schulterband", At a reception tribute was the Soviet bloc, the U.S.A. and Western paid to Rosenberg's oustanding contributions " LIFE SENTENCE ' ON GLOBKE Europe, Russia refused to supply Israel with to the post-war development of German Trade arms and the U,S,A, had not changed her Unions and to the integration of Germany Dr. Hans Globke, State Secretary of the basic policy. This left Western Europe, into world trade. Rosenberg had to leave West German Chancellery, was tried in France's aid was " a precious thing ". but its Gennany under the Nazi regime on account of absentia by a court in East BerUn and sen­ continuation could be assured only if Israel his political activities and his Jewish origin- tenced to Ufe imprisonment. won over France's neighbours, notably Ger­ During the war he lived in this country where, Among the charges laid by the prosecution many, in view of the European tendency for several years, he held a position with the is that Globke committed crimes against towards union. Labour Exchange especially established for humanity and war crimes between the years This policy had nothing to do with the refugees, 1932 and 1945 and, thereby, was responsible attitude towards the German scientists in for the liquidation of whole racial groups and Egypt, PROFESSOR GRUENHUT 70 millions of people. It is alleged that he Professor Dr, Max Gruenhut, formerly of the drafted the first antisemitic measures in German Politicians' Statements University of Bonn, recently celebrated his Prussia in 1932, a year before Hitler seized 70th birthday. Born in Magdeburg, he was power, Globke had also played an important Before leaving Israel after an eleven-day called to the University of Jena in 1923 from part in preparing and implementing the where he moved to Bonn in 1928. Having been Nuremberg laws. visit Herr Franz-Josef Strauss, the former West German Defence Minister, again referred dismissed in 1933, he settled in Oxford where In an agreed statement issued in Bonn, to the chances of diplomatic relations between he is a prominent teacher of criminology- the West German Cabinet said the accusations West Germany and Israel, There would be After the war Professor Gruenhut was asked made by East Germany against Dr, Globke, early action in this field, he said. to resume teaching at the University of Bono " the closest collaborator of the Chancellor ", Dr. Eugen Gerstenmaier, President of the where he now lectures again as far as his had already been examined by German courts Bundestag, speaking at a U.N. correspondents' duties in Oxford allow him to do so. He is and prosecutors and " have proved completely lunch in New York, came out for full West a modern criminologist who holds the vie* unfounded". It had been convincingly German recognition of Israel, thus associating that the aim of all penal law must be the demonstrated, said the Cabinet statement, himself with the position taken on the ques­ reintegration of the criminal into society, " that Dr, Globke tried, within his power, to tion by Herr Strauss,—(J,C.) counter the inhuman plans and measures of NEW BUILDING FOR JEWISH the Nazis",—(J.C) COMMUNITY IN BAMBERG Invitation to German Minister Bamberg's Jewish community, whose history ANTI-NAZI ANIMAL LOVERS goes back well over 900 years, consisted oi An official invitation to visit Israel was about a thousand souls when the Nazis cam^ Dr, Korkhaus and Dr. Barbrack, Vice-Pre­ extended by Dr, F. E, Shinnar, the head of the to power. On November 10, 1938, its s.vna' sidents of the German League for the Preven­ Israeli Mission in Cologne, to Herr Walter gogue was completely destroyed, its members tion of Cruelty to Animals, have resigned Scheel, the West German Minister for Econo­ dispersed over the whole world or killeo- because the President of their League, Dr. mic Co-operation, some weeks ago. Only one woman survived the horrors of the Stolting, a Frankfort lawyer, has decided to But Herr Scheel has no plans to go to Israel camps. Today's community, headed by PinkuS defend several of the ex-Nazis in the forth­ in the near future,—(J,C,) Orbach, of Fuerth, numbers only 71 members- coming trial of men accused of crimes in A new synagogue and community centre was Auschwitz concentration camp. German Rocket Scientists inaugurated recently, Dr. Stolting's acceptance of this brief to defend war criminals who are alleged to have The Bundestag—West Germany's Federal NKRUMAH ON ISRAEL committed mass murders has caused a violent Parliament—unanimously decided to call on storm among members of the League. Several the Government to introduce an amendment In an address to the Ghana National Assem­ prominent members of the organisation have to the nation's Basic Law, so that a check can bly President Nkrumah called for " Permanenj declared that Dr, Stolting's presidency of their be kept on German citizens engaged in the Delimitation of Israel", He urged the " worlo League is incompatible with his defence of production of arms in foreign countries. leaders" to hasten to insulate the Middle East not only from the intensification of th^ ex-Nazis, especially in view of the League's Herr Lunz, the West German Minister for demand for the aboUtion of shechita. If Science and Research, announced that one of Cold War crisis in that area but also from th^ Stolting defends Nazi war criminals, they say, the German scientists working in Egypt has threat of a nuclear arms clash betwc^" people might think that there was something given up his post there and accepted new work the Arabs and Israel", in the charges of anti.«emitism levelled against in Europe, The West German Government, the League for its stand against shechita.— said Herr Lunz, was continuing its efforts to Your House for:— (J.C.) persuade German scientists and experts in Egypt to leave and accept jobs in European CURTAINS, CARPETS, LINO space research programmes. He said that the Government had reason to hope they would UPHOLSTERY solve the problem in the near futiu"e, but SPECIALTY Gorta Radiovision declined to disclose details.—(J.C.) Service CONTINENTAL DOWN (Member R,T,R,A,) Intemational Student Meeting QUILTS! 13 Frognal Parade, The Federal League of German-Israeli ALSO RE-MAKES AND RE-COVERS Fhichley Road, N.W.3 Student Groups held an international student meeting at the Evangelical Academy in ESTIMATES FREE 'iALES REPAIRS Tutzing, West Germany, under the slogan Agents for Bush, Pye, Philips, " German-Israeli Talks—1963 ". DAWSON-LANE LIMITED Grundig, etc. Three delegates of the IsraeU Students' Refrigerators, Washing-Machines Stocked Union were represented at the symposium, as 17 BRIDGE ROAD, WEMBLEY PARK Mr. Gort will always be pleased to well as German students and students from Telephone : ARN, 6671 advise you. several other countries. It was the first official visit to Germany by an IsraeU student Personal attention of Mr. W Schachmann. (HAM, 8635) group.—(JC.) AJR INFORMATION August, 1963 Page 7 ^gon Larsen GERMAN JEWS AS BIBLIOPHILES The aged literary historian Dr, Fritz Homeyer, now living in Saarbruecken, heads "EVERY JEW A JOURNALIST?" his beautifully written book*, inspired by feelings of friendship, with the motto: " Amicis defunctis ", The work is the tenth The Jewish Press in Britain: An Exhibition volume of the series of monographs published by the Leo Baeck Institute, . " Every Jew ' knows better ', , , . Every Jew of chronologically, which would have made Homeyer is trying to assess the contribution JS a journalist", said Mr, A, L, Easterman, matters simpler. which the " People of the Book " have made Director of the International Affairs Depart- Pride of place was taken by the Jewish towards the developments of German book •nent. World Jewish Congress, and Chainnan Chronicle stand, which had a microfilm production and its history. He introduces us 3t the opening of the Exhibition of the Jewish machine making all the journal's issues appear to 22 prominent members of local and general Press in Great Britain 1823-1963, at the Ben bibliophile societies whom he has known per­ Uri Art Gallery in London on July 1st, " After on a reading screen at the turn of a knob. The first one was published in 1841; today, sonally and whose collections were closely ^11, we are the People of the Book—the Bible, familiar to him. Of the members of this circle, 'ne greatest joumal in human history," after amalgamation with a number of rival papers, the J.C. is not only the oldest still mention must be made of Ludwig Geiger, Pro­ The exhibition, compiled for the World existing Jewish journal in the world, but one fessor Georg Witkowski, Martin Breslauer, "f^wish Congress by Mr, Josef Fraenkel, was of the most influential ones, Professor Aby Warburg, the dealers in rare ^s comprehensive as possible, considering that books Rosenthal and Hirsch of Munich, the Mr, Fraenkel's catalogue, a scholarly work collector of musical publications Paul Hirsch ; "fewish journalism in this country began as in itself, lists nearly five hundred Jewish ^ small back-street affair, and rather late at other names are those of Karl Wolfskehl, journals which, at one time or another, have Samuel Fischer and Salman Schocken, Wat. There seems to have been no Jewish appeared in Britain: 300 were pubUshed in A special chapter is devoted to the work of journal for a century and a half after Crom­ English (about fifty of them in the Provinces), 25 Jewish graphic artists who made a name for well invited the Jews to return to England, 40 in Hebrew, 150 in Yiddish, and a few in themselves as illustrators and producers of ^Dd there are no copies in existence of the other Continental languages—PoUsh, Russian, books, e.g., Budko, Fingesten, Th. Th, Heine, "Tst one, the Hebrew Intelligencer of 1823 ; Hungarian, One, called Nosotros ("We"), Else Lasker-Schueler, Lilien, Liebermann, as Mr Fraenkel explained, one copy was came out as the journal of the Spanish and Meidner, Arno Nadel, Oppler, Orlik, Hugo ^estroyed during the bombing at the British Portuguese Jews in London in 1946, Several Steiner-Prag and JakolD Steinhardt, Of most ?;useum, and another one, belonging to Jewish-Socialist papers used Britain's freedom of these artists we are given short biographies ^niversity College, London, is also missing, of the Press to fight for the revolution in as well as comprehensive lists of their works, ^"t the exhibition had issues of the first two Poland and Russia. (At least every second Jewish papers pubUshed in Amsterdam in Jew must have been a journalist.) A brief history of the German Book Societies i°73, one in Yiddish and the other in Ladino, and a list of their Jewish members are also Aftey were shown next to a Journal of the included. It is followed by an enumeration of ''ewish Lads' Brigade of 1957 and a Boycott Variety of Journals German periodicals on whose production bulletin against Nazi Germany of 1938—a Jewish authors, artists and editors exerted a omewhat confusing juxtaposition resulting Although political Zionism was launched in conspicuous influence. Finally, the book carries Y^ni the fact that the exhibition had, for some this country by the publication of Herzl's a catalogue of Jewish book and art dealers in eason, been arranged alphabetically instead " Judenstaat" in the Jewish Chronicle in 1896, 1935, there was already a Hebrew Home Journal of In his introduction the author quotes Karl Israel, called The Banner, in the same year. Wolfskehl's monograph " The Jews and the Strange periodicals such as Renaissance, the Book" : " More than any other people the organ of the Yiddish avantgarde (1920), the Jews enjoy building up their own libraries. humorous weekly Pee-Pee-Fox (1899-1901), or Anecdotes, often going back far into the past, the family paper Dcr Fonograf (1907-14) con­ tell us how unwilling they were to part with trast with publications born out of the urgency their beloved book treasures, even in times KELLERGEIST of their historical period, such as Pogromen- of wandering and persecution," Blat (1905), the Lezte Nachrichten vun das E. G. LOWENTHAL. ADVISES AJR READERS despotischn Russland (1902), the Polish Jewish • Fritz Homeyer : Deutsche Juden als Bibliophilen und Antiquare. Verlag J.CB,, Mohr/Paul, DM 19. Observer (1943-44), or the Jews' Free School For meinbers of the Society of Friends of the Evacuation News Sheet (1939). One Polish- L,B,I, 27s, .lewish paper, published 1940-46, had to change its title with every issue because of some bureaucratic war-time regulations: one of the exhibited issues was called Stachl-Drat un Geto-Moier, another Friling, a third Das befreite Poiln. The first Hebrew weekly, The Narrator, was founded in Lyck in 1856, con­ ^^^' tinued to appear in Berlin, then in Cracow, and from 1902 in London, also under different a names—a migration symptomatic of the perse­ cution of the Jews and their difficulties in find­ ing refuge, but also of the indomitable spirit of the Jewish journalists. ^fo. Mr. David F. Kessler of the Jewish Chronicle and Dr, Cecil Roth, University of Oxford, spoke fSSTI at the exhibition, which was opened by the Choose Fine Wines Hon, David Astor, editor of the Observer. He made a point which was more than a mere Whether you travel for busi­ Choose Hallgarten— captatio benevolentiae of his audience: he ness or to get away from it, spoke of the " great contribution made by the PELTOURS will be glad to German Jewish refugee journalists", especi­ arrange any trip you have in 'f you have any difficulty in finding ally as " maintainors of morale " in England's mind. Our individual service darkest days. Two modest exhibits carried takes care of everything con­ nected with travelling, ^^ALLGARTEN wines, write to us the story a little further: an issue of the war­ from passports to travel time Bulletin of the Association of Jewish reservations and hotel Ask hr them by name ! Refugees (1942) and the first issue of the AJR bookings and, of course Information (January, 1946) which has no there is no charge doubt played its part in helping us to find our whatever for the S. F. & 0. HALLGARTEN feet in our new homeland and which, in view facility. of the high mortality rate of Jewish periodicals Crutched Friars, London, E.C,3 in this country, has been in existence for a longer time than most of the other Anglo- PELTOURS ira Jewish papers of our days. 29 DUKE ST. LONDON W I. \\ • >lj Page 8 AJR INFORMATION August, 106S THE QUAKERS' ENCOUNTER WITH Three Book Reviews JUDAISM There are many who remember the active SOME RIGHTEOUS GENTILES "LEGALISED" POWER POUTICS help and succour given by the Quakers to those who approached them in their time of Memoirs of Ursula von Kardorff An Assessment of German History need. This deep sympathy and understanding is reflected in an informative volume entitled This book* describes the tragedy of a Dr. F. S. Grosshut. who now Uves in the " Begegnung mit dem Judentum ".* German anti-Nazi joumaUst in BerUn during United States, reminds us in his latest book* the years 1942-1945, Ursula von Kardorff, who that Kant criticised politicians who, by break­ In her introduction Margarethe Lachmund can trace her German ancestry back for more ing the law, prevent things and people from expresses her gratitude for everything which than 800 years. She faced the dilemma that becoming better. Bismarck, however, intro­ her group of the Quakers have received from the country to which she, Uke her fore­ duced the principle of staatliche Notwehr into those who have suffered so deeply. She states fathers, was devoted, had disbanded all its Gennan poUtics, justifying the outlawing of that the representatives of a people whose ancient ideals through the Nazi rdgime. She the Social Democrats and the expulsion of attitude of mind proved itself by its indomit­ had lost her beloved young brother in the 30,000 Poles. In 1914, Bethmann-HoUweg able strength must be regarded with awe- war, but she could not pray for a Gennan justified the violation of Belgian neutraUty by Their experience made the Quakers look with victory, as this would mean the victory of a the infamous words " Not kennt kein Gebot". less biased eyes at the heritage of the Jewish government which she hated and despised. Kapp justified his coup d'etat with " Staats- reUgion, in which Jesus had his roots and out Her father's favourite quotation was the short notwehr", and a chapter in "Mein Kampf", of which his teachings had grown. poem by Th. Storm : is titled "Notwehr des Rechtes". The result of this preoccupation with Judaism is this volume. The subjective " Der Eine fragt: was kommt danach ? When, Dr. Grosshut goes on, in 1848 the approaches of the contributors are neatly Der Andre fragt nur : Ist es recht ? Parliamentarians of the Paulskirche offered divided into the various encounters, be ij Und also unterscheidet sich the crown of Germany to Friedrich Wilhelm with the Jewish individual and his fate aj Der Freie von dem Knecht." IV, he retorted : " How can a King by the the time of National Socialism, with Jewish reUgiosity or with the new State of Israel. This poem has also determined her own Grace of God—the King of Prussia—accept ath. But it is a dangerous path. Ursula such an imaginary crown, baked of dirt and In this connection, the rather non-con­ gves in half-destroyed, half-burning BerUn, her red clay ? You people can offer me nothing. formist attitude of the Quakers in respect ot native city, which she used to love; she has Gegen Demokraten helfen nur Soldaten." the apotheosis of Jesus is of special interest. to be careful of every word she utters, every During the First World War Professor Som­ In contrast to the usual Christian dogm?- sentence she writes. As a reporter she writes bart described the Germans as " heroes " and this apotheosis, if not rejected outright, is for the Deutsche Allgemeine Zeitung. the English as " merchants ". The " heroes " interpreted in such a manner that the spint finding among her fellow-writers many anti- were defeated in 1918, and Hindenburg said of Jesus is regarded as one with the spirit ot Nazis, who understand her own predicament. in 1919: " The exhausted front broke down God. Consequently, the basic tenets of faith Her father's great friend and teacher was like Siegfried felled by the cunning spear of between the Quakers and Judaism are not Max Liebermann, the famous painter: his fierce Hagen". All reactionaries spoke of as far apart as between other Christian sects. 85-year-old widow, who is a fnend or the " stab in the back ", " treason ", " November As is to be expected, the Quakers' encounter Kardoffs, faces deportation, takes veronal criminals ". When Hitler's coup d'etat failed with Judaism leads them to Martin Buber. and dies in the BerUn Jewish Hospital. and he was brought before Munich judges, and many contributions centre around his counsel for defence said his revolt had been personality and his teachings. Buber is one an act of Staatsnotwehr. The law of the land of those leading Jewish thinkers who have Faithful to Jewish Friends stated : " Whoever tries to change the consti­ dealt extensively with the Jewish attitude tution of the Gennan Reich or of a Bundes- towards Jesus ; he even gave some lectures on Many of her friends are Jews: Ursula and staat by force, will be condemned to hard this subject at the group's premises after 1933. her family try to help them, they hide them labour for Ufe." Hitler, however, got away The chapter dedicated to the fate of the in the cellars of their houses, feed them and with a lenient punishment, Dr, Max Hirsch­ jersecuted is interspersed with poems, peT" provide them with warm woollen coats for the berg, today Uvmg in exile, wrote: " It was laps the most outstanding being one by mysterious journeys Jews had to make in a most fateful miscarriage of the law when Alfons Paquet, Various contributions give those years. " They knew much, but they did Hitler was not banished from Germany as the an insight into the strength and steadfastness not know enough", as the author herself law had irrefutably prescribed. This mis­ of those who were caught in the mesh of the terms their scanty knowledge. Nobody knew carriage of the law led to the death of many destroyers. The chapter concludes with ^ that these journeys led to the death camps, milUons of people, and to the Second World moving report on life in Theresienstadt to Auschwitz, to Treblinka. Now and then, War with its unparalleled devastations ", written by the wife of the former Rabbi oi a light shines in this utter darkness. TTie Cologne, Dr, Caro. well-known " Berlin witticism" is not afraid Hitler remained in Gennany, and the chaos Contributions deaUng with the approach to of the dictator. One day, when a little old grew. People were murdered in accordance Jewish reUgion are of a high standard. Eber­ Jewish woman boards the bus, wearing the with the slogan " Verrater verfallen der hard Schomburg's article on his encounter Yellow Star on her shabby coat, the driver Feme", Hitler, fascinated by Richard Wag­ with the Talmud is very searching, though h^ tells her : " Sit down, you Uttle old ' Star­ ner's " Ring" and revering him as his main errs in his statement that Judaism, whu^ let ', sit down ! " And when a Nazi passenger )recursor, spoke of the "Jewish Republic of making no effort to convert Gentiles, Ukes to reprimands him: " Why are you so polite to Veimar", calling the Jews "plutocrats", accept converts (p. 37). He comes to the the Jewess ? " he calmly replies: ''^What I " Bolsheviks ", " poisonous destroyers of Ger­ conclusion that the Talmud tries to interpret do with the seats in my bus is my business." many". More and more Germans hailed him and to confirm three basic tenets: The ove Yet bright episodes of this kind cannot as their Ffihrer. of learning ; the adoration of God in the spir" pierce the clouds of doom. The failure of the of love and not of fear; and the duty to heiP revolt of July 20, 1944, deprives Ursula of The Nazis lost more than two milUon voters one's fellow man (in contrast to the Christian some of her best friends. Life would have at the election of November 6, 1932, but demand for charity). Henriette Jordan, .i» been almost unbearable for her, if she had Papen introduced Hitler to the banker her comprehensive study of the believine not had the chance of escaping from time to Schroder, who financed Hitler. On Papen's Jew and Jesus of Nazareth, discusses the time to Neu-Hardenberg, the country house advice Hindenburg made the "Bohemian views of Leo Baeck, Martin Buber ano of a family friend. However, her sense of Corporal" Reich Chancellor. General Beck Schalom Ben-Chorin. The chapter concludes duty soon drives her back to half-destroyed blamed all the other German Generals for not with an appreciation of Victor Gollancz. BerUn. At long last, she feels almost fortu­ eUminating Hitler in time after Hitler said on November 23, 1939: " I have the choice The chapter dealing with Israel gives nate to Uve in the porter's lodge of the Adlon various aspects and descriptions of life in the Hotel—attracted not by the hotel's excellent between victory and annihilation, I choose "cuisine", but by Its almost bomb-proof victory. We shall not excuse the violation of new State, including a repcirt on the wor» "bunker". neutrality in so idiotic a manner as in 1914 ", by the assistance group of the Frankfun Himmler ordered the extermination of branch in an Israeli camp in 1960. Finally, the war is lost; and again she does " artfremd " elements and said that " the most In conclusion, the words of the Talmud a"* not know whether this is a reason to be sad reckless measures are dictated by Staatsnot- quoted, that the world is based on Justice. or glad. Some comforting trends appear— wendigkeit". Dr. Grosshut remarks: "The Truth and Peace, to which should be addeo Uke a rainbow in the sky after a thunder­ catastrophe of StaUngrad put an end to the Love. A most moving appeal in the form oi storm. Her brother's wife bears a son, who miUtaristic myth". a prayer by a former Jewish camp inmate, will grow up to see better days and freedom expresses the hope that the remembrance oi in a democratic Germany. He reminds us of Grillparzer's prophesy : the past crimes should not Uve on in tne This is an exciting, well-written book—a "From humanism through nationaUsm to minds of the persecutors as a niffhtmare; chapter from our own Uves comes back to bestialism ". And of what Thomas Mann said but that it may help them to find the righj us. A Jew is bound to read it with special in 1938: " The essence of fascism is violence. way and free them from their obsession; only sympathy, for the author is one of the It beUeves in it, it practises it, it loves, reveres then peace will be restored. "Righteous (Jentiles", for whose sake the and glorifies it. It is not its ultima but its world will be saved. prima ratio ". PAUL GRUENMANN. BERTHA BADT-STRAUSS. J. LESSER. • Bceeprnnng mit dem Jndentnm. Eln GedenkhiJjJj Herausgegeben bei der RellelBsen Gesellschaft ae * Ursula von Kardorff: Berliner Anfzelclinaiiceii Freunde (Quaker) In Deutschland. AuslleferunP - aas den Jahren 1942-1945. Blederstein Verlag, Staatsnot, Recht und Gewalt, Gloek and Lata, Leonard Friedrich. Bad Pyrmont, Blsmarckstr. Httnehea. Nurnberc, 1962. DM3. AJR INFORMATION August, 1963 Page d Eugen Winterburgh Old Acquaintances Berliriale 1963 : Your columnist, invited to ROLF HOCHHUTH'S PLAY "THE VICAR" BerUn for the 13th Intemational Film FestivaL introduced the old films by E. A. Dupont, Hochhuth's play "The Vicar" has been widely debated in this country and abroad. Karl Grune and Dr. Paul Czinner, which were We publish below a review by Eugen Winterburgh, but may revert again to the shown to full houses. Audiences liked subject on a later occasion.—Ed. " Variete ", starring Emil Jannings and Lya de Putti; " Die Strasse", with Eugen Kloepfer Ever since Hochhuth's provocative play and persecution would have become more and Lucie Hoeflich, and aU the famous Bergner pictures, " Nju ", " Ariane " and " Dreaming " The Vicar" appeared on the stage, it has vehement, Hochhuth himself mentions that Lips " ; in his introduction your columnist did become the object of violent controversy. in an analogous situation, the Red Cross not fail to mention that the three directors Whilst its literary value is not contested, the decided not to do anything, because it was of the films had to leave Germany when the thesis propounded by it has been hotly feared that otherwise Hitler might immediately Nazis came to power. At the official opening disputed in numerous articles, letters-to-the- stop all its activities in the occupied terri­ at " KongresshaUe", Elisabeth Bergner editor and editorials in newspapers and other tories. That privately, the Pope did his best received the biggest ovation, together with Publications in many countries. When the to hide and save many Jews is only men­ coloured star, Sidney Poitier, and DaUah Lavi, play was first performed in Berlin (by tioned in passing : actually the papal help was the beautiful IsraeU actress,—Susan Kohner, the gifted daughter of Hollywood agent Paul Piscator) and subsequently in Frankfurt — quite considerable but obviously not impres­ Kohner, who was a film producer in Berlin pfter having been considerably shortened — sive enough to alter or to mitigate Hochhuth's before 1933, attended the premiere of it had a reasonably favourable reception by harsh judgment. The question of whether or " Freud", in which she plays the part of the press. Subsequently, however, when the not an ofQcial intervention by the Pope would Freud's wife. The film was scripted and pro­ Play was performed in Munich, capital of have halted the annihilation of the Jews can­ duced by Wolfgang Reinhardt, Max Reinhardt's fliainly-CathoUc Bavaria, it was rejected and not conceivably be answered with any cer­ second son. 'The Bonn Govemment honoured disapprovingly criticised in the newspapers. tainty, Hochhuth himself, in any case, is the following artists with a " Goldband": Since then, opinions have been divided but convinced that such an intervention would Fritz Lang, Asta Nielsen, G, W, Pabst and Josef there has been an overwhelming disapproval have been effective. von Sternberg, who discovered Marlene Dietrich and who came to Berlin expressly of the play not only in Germany but particu­ The accusation against the Pope has for the occasion,—The two German entries larly in France, Belgium and Italy. What are shocked many Christian priests and laymen. in the International Competition, " Verspae- the reasons for this widespread indignation? Their consternation has also been shared by tung in Marienborn" and " Mensch und quite a few Jews who vehemently disagree Bestie", were produced by two Jews, Hans Pope Pius Xn's Silence with the thesis of the play. The well-known Oppenheimer and Artur Brauner, Israel was Viennese publisher and critic, Professor Tor­ represented by " Ha' marteff " (" Der Keller "), berg, for instance, says that the play was moti­ written by Shimon Isra^U with himself as the Hochhuth has made the late Pope Pius XII only actor—an interesting experiment which the culprit in his play. According to him, the vated not so much by compassion for the Jews got a Youth Prize, Pope, from the outset should have ofiBcially but by antagonistic feeUngs against the Pope, condemned the racial theories of Nazism and Of still greater weight is an article written Vtp* from Everytvhere: Wolfgang Heinz has the persecutions based on it; instead, he by Pinchas E, Lapide, of Jerusalem, a former succeeded Wolfgang Langhoff as the director '"emained silent and did not even raise his officer of the Jewish Brigade which fought of East Berlin's Deutsches Theater,—Sefton in Italy, and published in the German news­ Delmer, former chief reporter of London's protest when Hitler's star was sinking and Daily Express, has joined the German weekly, When it might have been possible to compel paper " Die Zeit." It reads : " . . . The humani­ Der Spiegel, as their adviser on foreign h"n to stop the mass-murder of the Jews, tarian efforts of Pope Pius XII to ease the affairs,—The B,B,C. successfully televised piis is the author's firm conviction, and he lot of the Jews lasted throughout the war. . . . Dorothea Gotfurt's "Destiny 63".—To cele­ hammers it into the minds of his readers During the last phases of the ' Final Solution' brate the 175th anniversary of Vienna's Josef­ and spectators with all the means of an hundreds of Jewish refugees streamed into stadt this autumn. Director Stoss invited accomplished playwright. In doing so, he Vatican City. Thousands sought refuge in Wanda Rotha and Luise Rainer of London to the churches, the convents and monasteries star in LiUan Hellman's " Little Foxes ", to be olames the Pope for the torturing and directed by Heinrich Schnitzler. murdering of the Jews for which the German outside the walls of the Vatican . , , The Pope People have to bear the heavy guilt. He himself sent a letter to the Bishops instructing Milestones: Wilhelm (WilUam) Dieterle. Soes so far as to say that a Pope who them to ease the regulations governing entry who started his career as a member of Max consciously neglects his duties as the "Vicar into sacred places, so as to make it possible Reinhardt's ensemble and became a Holly­ for the Jews to find shelter there , . ." wood director, celebrated his 70th birthday in Ol Jesus Christ" must be called a criminal, Bad Hersfeld. where he is responsible for the m doing so he certainly overshoots his target, Hochhuth's language is very similar to that annual Theatre Festival, He starred in many ij is known from reUable sources that the of Bertolt Brecht and many passages, e.g., the unforgettable films, including " Die Heilige r^ope very often wanted to issue an official moving monologues of the Jewish victims, und ihr Narr", with Lien Deyers, and condemnation by the Holy See but ultimately vividly remind us of Brecht's poetry. Signifi­ "Fraeulein JuUe ", with Asta Nielsen, before efrained from doing so for well-considered cantly, not less than 43 of the 247 pages of going to California, where he directed such easons: indubitably such a step would have the book consist of a section called "Histori­ films as "Zola", "Pasteur" and "Juarez". cal Review", containing documents, private A few years ago Dieterle returned to Ger­ aused (Jermany to terminate the Concordate many, and now mainly works for the stage letters and oral information on which the play and TV.—Old-timer Else Reval also became has been based. However, this documenta­ 70 years of age in BerUn.—Theo Lingen, the tion, impressive as it is, does not throw further comedian, celebrated his 60th birthday.— light on the central problem of the play, G. Stapenhorst, the former Ufa producer, namely, the question whether the help of the celebrated his 80th birthday in Municn ; before Pope would really have aided the Jews in the war he produced " The Great Barrier", their plight. This cmcial question remains one of the first films starring LiU Palmer in unanswered. England. Though non-Jewish, he emigrated during the Nazi regime and spent the war years in Switzerland.—Felix von Eckardt, who POPE PAUL DEFENDS PIUS XH started as a joumaUst, scripted films during Pope Paul, in a letter just before his elec­ the Hitler years, and was the first pubhsher tion as Pope to The Tablet, the Catholic of Weser-Kurier, is 60 years old. He was Dr. weekly published in Britain, attacks Hoch­ Adenauer's P.R.O. and is now the official huth's controversial play, " The Vicar ", which Berlin representative of the Bonn Federal condemns Pope Pius's silence during the Govemment. massacres and which depicts Pope Pius as a Obituary: Sylvia von Harden, a friend of coward and a " heartless solitary ". Ferdinand Hardekopf and many other regulars Pope Paul's letter states that Pius, in fact, of BerUn's "Cafe des Westens" and was a "noble and virile character, capable of " Romanisches", died near London aged 68. taking very firm decision . . . that entailed Her famous portrait by Otto Dix is in a Paris considerable risk". He alleges that an atti­ museum,—Bodo Uhsie has died in East Berlin, tude of protest and condemnation would have where he was editor of Sinn und Form; been not only futile but harmful. Such an bom in Rastatt he survived the Nazi regime attitude would have led to reprisals and in Mexico and retumed to East Germany after devastations, "unleashing on the already tor­ the war. He was 59 years old. ,„-,.. mented world still greater calamities involving innumerable innocent victims". PEM Page 10 AJR INFORMATION August, 1963

Rabbi Dr. ISeufeld (Tel Aviv) WHITHER WESTERN EUROPE? The starting point of Professor Mosse's book* is his acknowledgement of the regres­ KURT BLUMENFELD'S HOME TOWN sion from the rationaUsm of the eighteenth century to the romanticism characteristic of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. This is Much has been written about Kurt Blumen­ before the Lodge in Koenigsberg, was a real not a new theme of course ; but here it is feld's personaUty and influence on the occasion Jewish achievement. It brought the upper- worked out with an unusual wealth of learn­ of his recent death, but less is known of his class Jews closer together and estranged them ing and an unusually broad perspective. younger days in East Prussia, for this can from the Freemasons and other non-Jewish This is implicit in the definition of culture only be judged by someone who has himself social circles. Attendance at a Lodge meet­ that Mosse adopts. He defines it as " a state lived in that part of the world. ing, whatever activity happened to be going or habit of mind which becomes an attitude His father, Amtsgerichtsrat Rudolf Blumen­ on there at the time, was in itself considered toward Ufe intimately Unked to the challenges feld, was the son of a Jewish teacher and as something Jewish. Things improved, how­ and dilemmas of contemporary society. . . . preacher in Schweidnitz, Lower Silesia. Of ever, when a few young people, including This is best examined through the eyes of intellectuals who either creatively formulated the latter it is said that he swam the River Kurt Blumenfeld, were " infected" by important ideas or reflected, in a conscious Weichsel, near Thorn, to reach Prussian terri­ Zionism, Just after the turn of the century way, the temper of their age ". tory so as to avoid military service in Czarist a youth group, " Hashachar ", was established. Poland. Amtsgerichtsrat Blumenfeld was, Later on they even dared openly to establish Dominant Aspects therefore, only second generation German, a local Zionist group. since it was actually his father who had come When I came to Insterburg shortly after the With this as his basis, Mosse then passes in from the east. Nevertheless, he was com­ First World War I found a community stirred review the dominant aspects of Western pletely Germanised. The Jewish teacher up by party strife, CV, and Zionism opposed European culture in the nineteenth and named his son Rudolf and it was accepted as each other at the communal elections. One twentieth centuries—romanticism in reUgion a matter of course that Rudolf would go to youth organisation, " Blau Weiss", was in and politics, nationalism, Marxism, Freud and university. He studied law but, unUke most psycho-analysis, existentialism, fascism, existence, but another, " Kameraden", was national-socialism and their many variants Jewish jurists who both then and later found established as a counter-poise. Under the and sub-variants. It would probably be true it more convenient and rewarding to engage influence of Kurt Blumenfeld most youngsters to say that no intellectual (or pseudo-intel­ in private legal practice, he decided as a Jew later on joined the K,J,V, during their student lectual) of any note or standing fails to to enter the civil service as a judge. He was da.ys. Almost without exception they even­ receive a mention. Inevitably, therefore, the also a member of a fencing student fraternity tually found their way to Israel, including book all too easily sometimes degenerates as it was not uncommon in those Uberal days into a collection of generalisations or a Kanowitz, the member of the Knesset who calendar of names with a label attached. But and even earlier. But when nascent antisemi­ died two years ago. for the most part it all remains securely tism began to show its head and this society anchored to Mosse's encompassing thesis, and decided to accept no more Jews, Blumenfeld it is this that gives a certain unity to the returned his insignia and resigned, (Jewish From Assimilation to Zionism whole vast spectrum. societies were only established later,) Amtsgerichtsrat Blumenfeld, who was Broadly speaking, Mosse's argument is that Influenced by this uprising antisemitism of the dominant cultural characteristic of this the eighties, Blumenfeld gradually became already aged at the time and unlike his son period is man's longing for an authority to conscious of his Jewishness and his thoughts no fighter by nature, professed himself unequi­ which he could relate himself and from which also reverted to his parental home. In cer­ vocally as a Zionist, but nevertbeless, or per­ he might obtain a happier life and a better tain respects, appearance, bearing and speech, haps just because of that, was chairman of future. There was, furthermore, a rejection he reminded me of my great teacher, Profes­ the community's Board of Representatives, of present reality, and this led to the conten­ sor Hermann Cohen (Marburg), who was also And when the local Keren Hayesod group was tion that the happier future must be sought established at Kurt Blumenfeld's instigation, in some way that transcended the present the son of a Jewish teacher (from Coswig in by means of a sudden break. This, in its Anhalt) and who presented himself as a con­ he, together with the medical practitioner, Dr, turn, involved the need for identification with scious Jew to his antisemitic colleague, Hein­ Michael Posner, became one of the signatories. what was " genuine " or " true " or " rooted " rich von Treitschke, Admittedly, at that time In a certain sense he was a " Baal Teshuva ", —examples of this would be the quest for the Zionism was not yet thought of, the father's heart had returned to that of his secret workings of history (e,g,, Hegel and son. When he prayed on the Yamim Noraim, Marx) or the ideal of race, or of revolution. standing in the first of the side rows, one In the ultimate resort Mosse includes this Jewish Life in Insterburg fiight from reaUty among the effects of could observe that this son of a teacher had alienation—at this time of rapid urbanisation At the time Blumenfeld was Amtsrichter in been famiUar with the prayers from his youth and industriaUsation, He writes, "more men the small East Prussian town of Oletzko, which and that he prayed with real kavana were alienated from their society than ever was later called Maggrabova and even known (devotion). before in human history". as Treuburg after the 1920 plebiscite. Today His death was like his life. It took place it forms part of Poland and is once again in the winter of 1921, I gave lessons in This formula will obviously not do justice called Oletzko. Blumenfeld managed to get to all the intellectual manifestations of the Ivrith—even at that time—to a doctor on period. But it is certainly a valuable guide transferred to the Law Court in the bigger several evenings in the week. One Tuesday and is particularly useful in illuminating the city of Insterburg, where better cultural evening he accompanied me after the lesson case of Germany where all the totalitarianism faciUties of all kinds were available, Inster­ to the outer door of the house, which at that implicit in the search for a new world reached burg was a very young community, since the time was usually kept locked. As he its tragic climax. first Jew to settle there was David Eloesser, unfastened the door a Jewish youth dashed What of the future ? Mosse indulges in no from Chodziesen in Posen, in the year 1834, past but stopped when he saw us and cried : easy optimism. At the same time he rejects No synagogue was established until 1865, The " Do you know what has happened ? Geheimrat any secret or deterministic writing of history- gradually increasing number of Jewish inhabi­ Blumenfeld died suddenly at the meeting ! " I The evil past need not necessarily presage tants came partly from other eastern provinces accompanied the young man, who was one of an evil future. The problem, as he sees it. of Prassia and partly from the neighbouring is whether the tempo of social change can my pupils, to the deceased man's house where be sufficiently accelerated so as to overcome territories of Poland and Lithuania, It was I found his close relatives, and there learnt the fissures prevalent in the European nations remarkable how quickly the second generation that he had suddenly collapsed at a meeting and thus help to preserve the structure of of these eastern Jews became assimilated, not of the local Zionist group and died with the representative government. Whether or not to mention the Prassian Jews, Well-estab­ words " Oh God ! " on his Ups, The following this hope will be fulfilled, the analysis which lished Jewish famiUes. such as the Blumen- has produced it deserves the warmest possible day Kurt arrived from Berlin, welcome. felds, laid stress on mixing in Christian The funeral at the new cemetery by the circles, whereas the lesser fry kept to them­ Ziegeltor turned into an impressive demon­ X LIONEL KOCHAN. selves. The result even then was a surpris­ stration, as was customary at the time when ingly high number of mixed marriages and Germans and Jews lived together. Each * The Culture of Western Europe, by George !•• even conversions, including Jews whose sector claimed the deceased as its own, the Mosse, John Murray, London, 1963, pp. 437, Inde«- parents had still come from Lithuania or president of the Amtsgericht who had valued Poland, It was a hopeless task for a pro­ the conscientious Prassian official, as well as MACHINE SHORTHAND nounced Jew, such as the celebrated preacher fPALANTYPEl the various Jewish representatives who trath- YOU may be the right person to achieve high speeds tor Rabbi Dr. Max Beerman (later in Heilbronn), Verbatim Reporting (£1.000 to £2.000 D«r annum wcnCU- fully praised the Jew and Zionist. ally attainable) or top Secretarial Posts- Easv transcription. to introduce more Judaism into the com­ no symbols used. Palantype is Invaluable where technics' munity. His grandson has a double burden of inheri­ and medical terms or foreign languages are used. Certificates of proficiency awarded. tance, that of his great father, Kurt, and that Write for prospectus of dav and evening courses : The foundation of the Lebanon lodge of of his grandfather, Rudolf, after whom he was THE PALANTYPE COLLEGE the B'nai B'rith in Insterburg in 1908, even named Rafael. 229-231 High Holborn, London. W.Cl (Tel. HOL. 9162/3) AJR INFORMATION August, 1963 Page 11

PROFESSOR ROSENSTOCKHUESSY 75 Birthday Tributes Professor Dr. Eugen Rosenstock-Huessy, the well-known historian of law, sociologist and ZUM 80. GEBURTSTAG VON Katia, das einzige und vom Vater masslos philosopher, celebrated his 75th birthday on verwohnte Tochterchen unter vier Briidern, July 6 in the U.S.A, From 1923 to 1933, he KATIA MANN von zarter, eigenartiger Schonheit, hatte schon taught history of law at the University of Bres­ bei einer ersten fiiichtigen Begegnung in lau and was a recognised authority in his field. Am 24. Juli beging Katia Mann, die Witwe einem Miinchner Trambahnwagen den, durch In 1934 he held lectures at the University of Thomas Manns, ihren 80, Geburtstag in Kilch­ seinen Erstlingsroman " Buddenbrooks" Harvard and became an ordinary professor for berg am Ziirichsee, gemeinsam mit ihrem Social Philosophy at the American Dartmouth bereits beriihmten jungen Thomas Mann so College in 1935. After the war he occasion­ Zwillingsbruder Klaus Pringsheim, der aus beeindruckt, dass er den Beschluss fasste, Tokio herbeigereist war, wo er als lang- ally resumed lecturing at German universities. dieses Madchen zu heiraten. Aber der Having now retired, he Uves on a farm in jahriger Leiter der Uino-Akademie und als Beschluss war gar nicht so einfach durch- Vermont where, besides his scientific studies, Kapellmeister der europaischen Musik eine zufiihren, wie wir jetzt aus den unlangst he has made horse-breeding his hobby. Pro­ Pflegestatte schuf, wie sie im fernen Osten veroffentlichten Werbebriefen Thomas Manns fessor Rosenstock-Huessy, who was also a \^'ohl kaum sonst zu finden ist, Ein ungewohn­ friend of Franz Rosenzweig, is the author of wissen. In seiner Festrede zu ihrem 70, a large number of books which are by no liches Doppelfest eines ungewohnUchen Geburtstag beschwor Thomas Mann noch ZwilUngspaares. means confined to the special field of history einmal den Zauber der " Trauten," seiner of law in which he has become prominent. Das Elternhaus der beiden war in Miinchens " Marchenbraut" in die spate Gegenwart glanzvollen Jahren lebendiger Mittelpunkt des herauf, " Wusste die Madchenbliite von Kunstlebens der heiteren Stadt, Vater Prings­ damals was sie tat, als sie in das Werben des KURT SCHWARZ 60 heim, Professor der Mathematik an der jungen Menschen willigte ? " Vielleicht — Universitat, Philanthrop und Kunstmazen, wahrscheinlich — wusste sie es nicht, Aber Kurt Schwarz, the Chairman of the " ReUef seit fruhen Jahren ein begeisterter Wagner- wie sie hineinwuchs in ihre grosse Aufgabe, Committee of Jews from Czechoslovakia", Verehrer, hatte zum Bau des Bayreuther " Lebensgefahrtin zu sein eines schwierig- London, recently celebrated his 60th birthday. Festspielhauses eine namhafte Summe bei­ schopferischen Mannes, Mutter von sechs Before the war, Mr, Schwarz was a well- getragen und wurde zum Dank dafur mit Kindern, die ihrerseits nicht gar so einfach known financial and political journalist in einer personlichen Begegnung mit dem Czechoslovakia, In 1939, he founded in London sind," beschrieb Klaus Mann aufs Ergrei- the " Czechoslovak Economic Association", 'Meister" geehrt, Es bUeb bei dieser ein- fendste in seiner Autobiographic " Der Wende- which became the mouthpiece of the Czecho­ WaUgen Begegnung, da dem kunstsinnigen, punkt":",,, wieviel praktisch-tatige Anteil­ slovak refugees in this country on economic reichen Jiingling der Geschmack fiir eine nahme, wieviel Rat und Trost, wieviel questions. The Association was later changed Wiederholung durch eine antisemitische Nachsicht wird von ihr erwartet! Ihre into the British-Czechoslovak Chamber of Bemerkung Wagners, die er bei jener Pfiichten sind ohne Zahl; zahllos die Opfer, Commerce and Mr, Schwarz was its Secretary- Y^legenheit iiberhort hatte, griindlich ver- die sie bringen muss, Pflichten und Opfer General for over ten years. Soon after the uorben war, Noch in jungen Jahren heiratete scheinen ihr selbstverstandlich: ' Dafur bin installation of the Communist regime in fr die bildschone, witzige, geistspriihende und Prague, the Chamber was dissolved, Mr, ich da !' Sie scherzt auch noch, wahrend sie Schwarz is now the Managing Director of a oegabte Schauspielerin Hedwig Dohm, eine Wunder tut, Sie, die ihr Amt so ernst nimmt, well-known catering firm in London, fochter des aus der Theologie in die politische vermeidet die feierlichen Mienen und For many years Mr, Schwarz has been active Publizistik iibergegangenen Begriinders der Gebarden; denn Heiterkeit gehort zu ihrem in the interests of the Jews from Czecho­ Deruhmten satirischen Wochenschrift " Klad- Amt, Nur fUr andere da, denkt sie kaum slovakia, and he also represents his Committee ^eradatsch" und der ersten Streiterin fiir an sich selber : ' Wozu auch ? Ich bin nicht in several organisations. We extend our 'rauenrecht in Deutschland, Hedwig Dohm. so wichtig , . ,' Kein zweites Mitglied der heartiest congratulations to him. Familie ist so anspruchslos, Und doch gabe es diese Familie nicht ohne diese Frau und diese Mutter . , ," Und ohne diese Frau gabe es wahrscheinlich auch nicht das Werk des Gatten, Er selbst hat es oft gesagt, in goethe- lA/itn the i^ompumenti of esken Versen hat er es in ihr Exemplar der " Lotte in Weimar " geschrieben : " Es wurde fertig in Deiner Hut, Bleib Du mir auf dieser Erden, So soil alles fertig werden." Nun habe ich noch gar nichts gesagt von der treuen Zuverlassigkeit ihrer Freundschaft, CLEAR VIEW die jedem, der sie empfangen darf, ein Gefuhl der Auszeichnung schenkt, denn sie schenkt ihre Freundschaft nicht leicht und man muss •^ LTD. Kritik und Spott — sie kann in beiden sehr scharf sein — hinzunehmen wissen; danach TRANSPARENT P.\PER WORKS aber ist ihre Giite, ihr freundschaftliches Interesse umso begliickender. J. C. Gilbert Ltd Wir senden Frau Katia Mann unsere dank­ baren Gliickwiinsche, IDA HERZ. COLUMBIA HOUSE

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Rabbi Dr. M. Eschelbacher Professor Werner underUnes the need for a "rational and scientific interpretation" in a subject which " is stiU a playground for some dreamers and dilettanti" and from which PHARISAISM REASSESSED " pseudo-scientific pipe-dreams" have to be excluded. In the reUgious liistory of Judaism during resurrection. With this appeal the Cliristian Conforming to the general plan of the the two-and-a-half centuries from the begin­ mission started. It was crowned with an Anthology, the volume consists of a survey of ning of the Maccabean period up to the first unparalleled success. The most remote nations the history of Hebrew music and its struc­ centiuy of our era the Pharisees form an up to the very ends of the earth have become ture, followed by many pages of musical important Unk. They present difficult problems Christians. Only the Jews have not heeded examples. Both parts extend from the oldest that have continually occupied modem Jewish this appeal. This " bUndness " was conceived Yemenite sources, which date from Has­ scholars. Many of the solutions are doubtful by the Church as a reproach. Thus it happened monean times, to contemporary IsraeU songs, and much remains open to controversy. It is that the Church attacked the Pharisees who but to the exclusion of aU non-Hebrew texts. not even certain what the name " Pharisee " spoke on behalf of Judaism, and thus the The weU-established Unk between certain means. The problems are gaining additional reason for the prayer: " Oremus etiam pro Yemenite tunes and those of the early Church importance because of the eminent position perfidis Judsis. . . ." is demonstrated, proving their common origin the Pharisees are given in the Gospels, and The judgment of Travers Herford is in the Palestinian synagogue music at the are striking to the Christian who otherwise different. He states: " Wie viel auch nur beginning of the common era. does not concem himself with the details of immer an heidnischen Bestandteilen in das Whereas the Jews of Yemen were cut off our history. The Gospels and, accordingly, the christliche Denken und Handeln eindringen from the rest of Jewry till the nineteenth Church and Christian theologians, are cen­ mochte, es reichte doch nicht hin, den regu- century and retained their musical traditions sorious towards the Pharisees and their lierenden und zuriickhaltenden Einfluss der without any changes, the other Diaspora enmity has become the basis of much hatred hebraischen Bibel zu verdrangen, Wenn dieser communities did not bar foreign influence against us. Einfluss gefehlt hatte, ware es wenigstens from their music. The different rites " Self-righteous person, formaUst, hypo­ denkbar, dass die Kirche sich voUstandig mit (minhagim) of Sephardim and Ashkenazim crite " is the definition of " Pharisee " in the den Religionen der heidnischen Welt ver­ are reflected in their different musical tradi­ Concise Oxford Dictionary, Therefore it has mischt hatte" (p. 278), He comes to the tions. It is noteworthy that Darius Milhaud, the been, and still is, up to Jewish scholars to definite conclusion: " Die christUchen Bemii- famous French-Jewish composer, has intro­ contend this with the Christian theologians. hungen, die Juden zu bekehren oder das duced some Sephardic melodies in his works. But in our times a Protestant scholar has Judentum zu zerstoren, waren in Wirklichkeit The oldest tunes in the Uturgy are the arisen, thoroughly famiUar with all the prob­ Attentate auf das eigene Leben" (p, 282). cantillations of the Bible, Here again, the lems concerned and expressing his views about In a splendid analysis of both reUgions he Sephardic tradition has Uttle in common them on the basis of his own independent shows that they are, each of them, different with ours, except the principle of following researches, whose conclusions are at variance forms of the one truth—Christianity with its the accents (neginot). with the accepted opinion.* He is R. Travers stress on belief, Judaism on obedience to the Werner sees the finest musical achievement Herford, who was bom in 1868 and died in will of God, For him the Halakhah, the Law, of medieval German Jewry in the so-called 1950. The Unitarians are both free and reU­ is the analogon to the Creed (p. 280), He does " Missinai" tunes (the name denotes their not concern himself unduly with the attacks sanctity), such as Kol Nidre, the Olenu for gious ; they are Christians who approach the the High Holy-days, the Mussaph Kaddish, Christian tenets with independent thought and on the moral character of the Pharisees, There may have been unworthy men among them, etc. Nobody will want to quarrel with this deny one of the most important of these—the evaluation, but I cannot help feeUng that his dogma of the Trinity, They regard Jesus as a but on the whole they were good and without over-critical approach to other aspects of man only, however subUme, and they do not blame. This, he finds, is proved by one Ashkenazic chazanut results in a somewhat look upon him as God in the semblance of decisive fact—the never ceasing existence of unbalanced view which seems rather too man. Thus they come close to our Jewish Judaism. A religion whose representatives dogmatic for a historical study of this kind. doctrine, and this conviction has saved Travers were hypocrites and impostors would not have Herford from bias when faced with the enmity had any future, and he finds moving expression Instrumental Synagogue Music of Church and Christianity against the for the continuous existence of Judaism and for the spiritual strength which alone has Although instrumental music was prohi­ Pharisees. bited in the synagogue we find deviations made this continuity possible : " For the Jews from this rule as early as the twelfth century A Unitarian's Approach their religion was as true, as real and aUve, as in Baghdad and again at the Prague Unfortunately, there is no space to deal with it could be, Judaism, rabbinic Judaism, is as "Altneuschul" in the seventeenth century, all the details he discussed in earUer pubUca­ deeply rooted in the hearts and souls of its when an organ was used for certain services. tions, and is discussing in particular in this, believers, as is Christianity in those of the Salomone Rossi's introduction of polyphonic his last great book " The Pharisees", first Christians, and this is the only tme standard choral music in Northem Italy about 1600 published in 1924. With good reason he blames that can be set" (p. 275), CE, remained exceptional till the onset of the the theologians for not having looked at the In his impressive final chapter (p, 271ff,) he Reform Movement in the nineteenth century- Pharisees in the context of the whole history tries to appreciate "the importance of Phari­ The all-importance of music in Chassidisin of Jewish reUgion, from the beginning to this saism as a factor in the reUgious evolution of becomes evident when we read that "accord­ day. Our Jewish tradition, of course, leads us mankind ", He ends with a messianic outlook ing to the doctrine of some chasidic theolo­ to such a consideration. Everybody knows the on the future. His great book is tmly an gians music, free from anthropomorphic sentence which opens the Ethics of the in.spiring tribute to .Judaism and to our language, reaches into the highest mysteries Fathers, a treatise of the Mishnah that has spiritual fathers, the Pharisees, of the divine better than any (sung or found its place in our Siddur: " Moses sDoken) word," Would it be wrong to con­ received the Torah on Sinai and handed it HEBREW MUSIC clude that such background may, to some down to Joshua, Joshua to the Elders, the This publication* is part of an extensive extent, be linked with the preponderance of Elders to the prophets, and the prophets Anthology of Music which runs into 33 musical talent among East European Jews handed it down to the Men of the Great volumes. Professor Werner, who comes from (without committing ourselves as to cause and Synagogue," Yet the chain of the tradition Germany, holds the Chair for Liturgical effect!) ? did not end there, some three or four hundred Music at the Hebrew Union College, New It is significant that modern Israeli songs years before the current era ; it has continued York, and is one of the leading scholars in show an ever-increasing influence of Oriental and Travers Herford identifies rabbinic Juda­ his field. The book bears a Latin dedication elements, especially after the immigration of ism with what is called Pharisaism, as " there to the memory of his father, who was .lews from the Arab countries into the neW did not exist any basic difference between murdered by the Nazis. State. This may seem in contradiction to the them ". The loving interest which the average Jew gradual Westernisation of these immigrants, The immediate successors in this long line takes in Jewish music is hardly matched by but it means that in the cultural sphere the were the Pharisees who, on their part, are the his knowledge of its historical development. Israelis, striving after a national style, tend fathers of the teachers of Mishnah and Much research has been carried out during to sever their Unks with Europe, at least to Gemara, of the Gaonim and the later rabbis the last 50 years, but its findings have hardly a certain extent. up to our time. It is in this context and not touched the wider Jewish public. Popular In its concise chapters, the book presents as an isolated interlude that their epoch has to conceptions of the subject are usually far off a scholarly survey of the main stream of be regarded and judged. In the eyes of the mark, and there is a tendency to identify Jewish music. The musical illustrations Travers Herford the verdict of the Gospels of "Jewishness" with certain features of East would have gained in value if the reproduc­ the Church and of Christianity in general is European Jewish music. In his preface, tion of the texts or translations had not been biased and unjust. This verdict deals with the • Eric Werner : Hebrew Masic. Oxford University Umited to the modem Palestinian songs. Pharisees only as the opponents of Jesus. Press. 218. H. W. FREYHAN. In addition, the Church has a special reason for its censure. " Go ye therefore and teach all nations, baptising them in the name of the Father and the Son and of the Holy Ghost" EDGAR ELECTRICAL Ltd. was the call of Jesus to his disciples after the • R. Travers Herford, BJV.: Die Pharisaer. Mlt CONTRACTORS and SUPPLIERS einer Elnleltnns von Professor Dr. Nahnm Glatzer. Autorisierte Uebersetzung aus dem Englischen von Dr, WaUer Fi-ichel. Joseph Melzer Verlae. Koln 1961. 296 S. DM M. 65 MILL LANE, N.W.6 HAM 8000 AJR INFORMATION August, 1963 Page 13 In the second part of the book Dr. JEWISH JURISTS IN THE THIRD REICH Goeppinger gives a thorough—^but, as he him­ self admits, by no means exhaustive—survey A Record of Their Elimination of the fate which befell the most prominent Jewish and " non-Aryan" jurists who were Landgerichtsrat Dr. Horst Goeppinger which German jurists were grouped together, teaching and practising when the Nazis came (Stuttgart) has pubUshed a most detailed study and the absurd and thorough manner in which to power. Some of them were murdered in of the systematic elimination of Jewish and even legal literature, periodicals and Ubraries cold blood during the years 1933/34, others "non-Aryan," jurists (university professors, were " cleansed " of contributions by Jewish committed suicide, very many perished in Judges and officials, lawyers and authors) and " non-Aryan " authors. By giving a Ust of concentration camps and the end of others has under the Nazi regime.* The book, written in the most outstanding works of Jewish jurists, remained unknown. The reports on those who co-operation with Dr. J. G. Reissmueller, the author at the same time erects a monument emigrated as long as there was still time also carries an introduction by the Minister of to the overwhelming contribution which, for often make very sad reading because—due Justice of the Land Baden-Wuerttemberg, Dr. more than a century, Jews in Germany had to old age or unfavourable circumstances— Wolfgang Haussmann; Dr. Hans Reichmann, made to legal science, philosophy and history some of these once prominent men failed to General Secretary of U.R.O. and member of of the law, etc. rebuild a new career and hardly managed to the Board of the Council of Jews from Ger- survive. Fortunately, there were, however, J'lany and of the AJR Executive, has assisted also quite a number of former German jurists me author in gathering information. Whilst Absurd Consequences who succeeded in overcoming the special diffi­ the monograph may be of only Umited interest To what length the madness of perse­ culties inherent in the legal profession as such to the general reader, it will be of great value and who were able to reinsert themselves into to all those former refugees who, in one way cution of thought went is best illustrated by the fact that even the quoting of Jewish university Ufe and legal practice abroad. or another, were connected with the legal Some of them have again achieved prominence Profession in Germany, The author has authors was prohibited, causing dilemma in the case of those works where only some of the in their field and are enjoying an international collected an immense amount of material reputation. Which will also be most important for the authors were Jewish! By excluding Jewish historiography of the Jews in Germany. teachers from the universities and by removing E.A.L. In its first part the book gives an account thousands of highly qualified Jewish jurists of the legislation aiming at the exclusion of from the courts and other institutions, Germany inflicted upon herself deep wounds Jews from the universities, the courts of law ELECTIONS IN ARGENTINA 3id the profession of lawyers; it also records which, as the author most solemnly asserts, Various events which occurred in connection still have not healed. Neither does he omit to mention that the acquiescence of all Horacio Sueldo, an antisemite and candidate '^^th this eUmination, the reorganisation of for the Argentine Presidency, who leads the Virtually all bodies and associations under those who were concerned with the dispensa­ Democratic Party, was defeated in the recent tion of justice has, for a long time to come, General Election to the Argentine Parliament. Jg, Horst Goeppinger : Der Nationalsozialismus und undermined the trust in Germany as a .-'

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IN MEMORY OF ARNOLD HAHN OBITUARY Tlie author, Dr. Arnold Hahn, passed away on June 28, in his 82nd year. Born in DR. ELIAHU LIVNEH ^^DR. MARTIN ROSENBLUTH Bohemia, he went to BerUn after the First World War, where he became well known in Dr, EUahu Livneh died suddenly at the end Dr. Martin Rosenbluth, one of the best-known literary circles, and wrote for various of June, only 57 years old. Having joined the representatives of " German " Zionism, passed periodicals such as Jugend, Simplizissimus, Zionist movement already as a youth, he away in Tel Aviv at the age of 77. Before Das Tagebuch. played a prominent part in Czechoslovak 1933 he held responsible positions with the In 1933 he fled to Prague. His writings Jewish life prior to his emigration to Israel in Zionist Federation in Germany and the Jewish during that period included articles for the 1939, In 1946 he left the Kibbutz Nirah to National Fund, When the Nazis came to Pariser Tageszeitung, and a pamphlet Warurn take up an appointment as head of the BerUn power he went to England where he partici­ starb Stefan Lux, based on an incident in the Emigration Office of the Jewish Agency, pated in the work for the emigration and Gallery of the League of Nations where a man Shortly after the foundation of the State of rehabiUtation of the German Jews, Later on of this name committed suicide in order to Israel he became Israeli Consul in Munich, he proceeded to the United States to resume awaken the conscience of the world against He was also engaged in the difficult and deU­ his activities for the National Fund. After Hitler-Haman, the persecutor of the Jews. cate negotiations leading to The Hague Treaties the creation of the State of Israel he became When the Nazis invaded Czechoslovakia. with Israel and with the Claims Conference. the U,S,A, representative of the IsraeU Hahn found refuge in this country. Being a At the same time he devoted himself to the .Ministry of Finance ; he held this office until scientist by profession, he first taught mathe­ reconstruction of the Jewish communities in he retired in 1961, In his autobiography " Go matics at the Dragon School at Oxford, and Western Germany. Actually he was the very Forth and Serve ", which was reviewed in this after the war moved to London. In the middle first Israeli official who was authorised by the journal last year, Martin Rosenbluth vividly of the war, Gollancz pubUshed Hahn's 4^ new State to take up contacts with the describes his youth in the Jewish enclave of sonnets, " Das Volk Messiah " in the German Govemment in Bonn. Messingwerk (near Eberswalde) and his many original. This work, dedicated to his perse­ interesting experiences as one of the first cuted people, had been previously published in Later on Livneh was for several years repre­ " civil servants " of the Jewish people. He Prague, It is a unique collection of poems sentative of the IsraeU Government in Prague. was a brother of Pinhas Rosen, the former about the " Nation of the Song of Songs and He was expected to take over the Israeli Israeli Minister of Justice. the Psalms". In one of the sonnets he asks: Consulate General in Zurich before the end of this year. " Ist Gott die Liebe? Ist er das Mit-Leiden? CHARLES J. PLOTKE Ist dieses Gott ? Wie war's da zu vermeiden. yARMIN HELLER Mr. Charles J. Plotke recently passed away Dass sich die Menschen gegen ihn at the age of 76. He was associated with the gewendet ?" It is learned with regret that Mr. Armin " MetallgeseUschaft " (Frankfurt) from 1905- Referring to the Crucifixion of Jesus for Heller passed away recently. He was asso­ 1938. In this country he worked for several which the Jews were held responsible, he ciated with the work of the AJR since its years with the World Jewish Congress. As writes: inception, flrst as a founder-member of the the son of Justizrat Plotke, a well-known " Sein ganzes Volk wird jetzt ans Kreuz local Leeds branch and, after having moved lawyer and Jewish communal worker, Charles befohlen to London, as a member of the AJR Board. Plotke always took a great interest in Jewish Verflucht sei, wer um eignes Volk zu He always displayed a great interest in our affairs. He was a most helpful member of ' wecken', efforts and, as a kind-hearted man with wide­ the AJR since its inception. Charles Plotke Zum Hetzwild Juda macht zu seinen spread interests, will be gratefully remem­ leaves many friends who will always cherish Zwecken "• bered by all who knew him. the memory of this gentle and cultured man. J. LESSER.

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Box HEATING ENGINEER, retired, Michaelis.—Mrs. Ida MichaeUs, of 275. speciaUst in central heating prob­ CHARITABLE TRUST Otto Hirsch House, 2 Priory Road, RECEPTIONIST / SECRETARY, lems, undertakes consulting, sur­ These are the ways in which yoo Kew Gardens, Surrey, passed away good references, seeks part-time veying work for reasonable fee, can help: on June 19th. Deeply moumed by position, preferably with a doctor Tel.: MAIda Vale 3840 mornings her relatives and friends. or as a saleslady in a handicraft or evenings. * CONTRIBUTIONS Zeitlin.—Mrs. AUce ZeitUn (nde shop. Box 279. Personal UNDER COVENANT Schidrowitz) passed away on MIDDLE-AGED WOMAN seeks June 22nd. Deeply moumed by REFINED GENTLEMAN in good (In lieu of your membership light work, washing up, etc, position, 52, good social back­ subscription to the AJR). her husband. Dr. Leon ZeitUn, preferably mornings,—Box 280, ground, wishes to meet cultured Osmond House, The Bishop's WOMAN, 41, unattached, seeks lady. View friendship or marriage. A Covenant commits the covenanter 'O"* Avenue, London, N,2, relatives and residential position, preferably a period of seven years or during his H*^' friends. Box 273, whichever period is shorter. with children. Box 284, SLIM, ATTRACTIVE GIRL, 24 CLASSIFIED years old, first-class education and * GIFTS IN YOUR Sitnations Vacant Accommodation Vacant background, not without means, LIFETIME Women COMFORTABLE ACCOMMODA­ efficient in business but prefers WANTED, TYPIST WITH KNOW­ TION for lady/gentleman, private home Ufe to career. Not interested * A BEQUEST IN YOUR LEDGE OF GERMAN to type house, h/c basin, good food, nice in sports, but travel, music, art. WILL thesis. August/October. L. Seif­ garden. North Finchley, Tel, : Seeks partner of similar tastes in Ask for particulars from : fert, German Department, Univer­ HIL, 1583, secure position. Confidence The Secretary, AJR Charitable Trust, sity of Birmingham. FURNISHED ROOM in centrally assured. Photo returned. Box 274. 8 Fairfax Mansions. N.W.3- HOUSEKEEPER, residential, heated flat, use of kitchen and Space donated by : WIDOWER, 60, Austrian, no ties, TRADE CUTTERS LIMITED wanted for London Old Age Home. bathroom. Hampstead area, near self employed, wishes to meet Britannia Works, 25 St. Pancras Way. Excellent accommodation and buses and tube. £3 10s. per week. lady in similar circumstances, N.W.1. remuneration. Box 276. Box 281. view marriage. Box 283, AJR INFORMATION August, 1963 Page 15 Pinkas was saved from the Nazis and sent to CULTURAL NEWS the United States where it was acquired by the donor. EXHIBITION OF OLD MASTER DRAWINGS sometimes very difficult to distinguish between Alfred Brod Gallery the drawings of father and son. Is "A Venetian Quay with Figures " really Giacomo's ERASMUS PRIZE 1963 FOR MARTIN BUBER Drawings have at least two practical advan­ (as catalogued) or is it Francesco's ? In the presence of Queen Juliana and Prince tages : being small they fit into modern The two most beautiful drawings are Bernhard, Martin Buber received the Erasmus fl-3ts and they can be purchased (at least some Lambert Doomer " Two Canals and Their Prize for 1963 (100,000 guilders) at a ceremony of them) for a comparatively moderate price. Keeper " and G, D, Tiepolo " Cherubs Playing in Amsterdam early in July. This prize was But in order to appreciate drawings you must in the Clouds ", created in 1958 by Prince Bernhard to honour be able to deUght in small things, in a Une, , A, ROSENBERG. personalities or institutions who have made an outstanding contribution to the spiritual and ^ven in a senselessly charming squiggle. cultural life of Europe, Past recipients were The exhibition ranges from the Italian EXHIBITION OF WORKS BT Robert Schuman, Karl Jaspers, Marc Chagall, Renaissance TVeronese) to the nineteenth- Oskar Kokoschka and Romano Guardini, century Venice (Giacomo Guardi). In between MARTIN BLOCH Martin Buber has decided to earmark the you have Claude Lorraine and the 18th greater part of the prize for studies on the A memorial exhibition of paintings and crisis and future of European Jewry which Century French School. drawings by Martin Bloch was opened in the Looking at Hendrik Avercamp's "An Ben Uri Art Gallery early in June by Sir will be entrusted to the Leo Baeck Institute Elegant Couple Skating with a Man Lacing up Philip Hendy, Director of the National Gallery. in Jerusalem and which he will himself •lis Skates ", which is so lively and racy, one Bloch was born in Neisse in 1883 and lived in supervise. Wonders why Impressionism in painting was BerUn until he emigrated in 1934, He spent lot invented earUer. the last 20 years of his Ufe in this country "FRANZ OPPENHEIMER INSTITUTE" The 18th Century loved to use caricature and became the foremost Jewish expressionist painter, more particularly for landscapes. German Contributions to Hebrew University ^s a weapon. Here we see a caricature of the His work is represented in some of the most "fewish Bolognese Banker, Israel Medan, with important museums of England and abroad. To commemorate the economist and sociolo­ his name inscribed in Hebrew letters (1711), gist. Professor Franz Oppenheimer, an insti­ „ Barent Avercamp's very neatly outUned tute bearing his name will be opened by the Sketch-Sheet with Two Rows of Figures" FRANKFURT " PINKAS " FOR JERUSALEM Hebrew University (Jerusalem) next March, seems to look forward to a more cubic form the centenary of his birth. The Societies of °i ^rt. It reminds us of Oskar Schlemmer's The Pinkas (book of records) of the Frank­ Friends of the Hebrew University in BerUn, *^°5,^-like shapes in our own century. furt Jewish community for the years 1712- Frankfurt and other German cities are raising 1901 was presented to the Jewish National funds for the erection of the building which ch•^A^ great Francesco Guardi had a problem and University Library in Jerusalem by an is to house the University's Geographical ""a. Giacomo, the problem being that it is anonymous American philanthropist. The Institute. ^otering with a difference HARROGATE mai''' °' *" "»»lons tor (ormil or Infor- v.n, °^casions—In vour own home or any 'THE HOUSE ON THE HILL' ROSEMOUNT I'.'JMe. Ballroom available In Westminster, S-W,i. Free consultations—please 'phone Nursery and Kindergarten OAKBRAE GUEST HOUSE 17 Parsifal Road, N.W.S Mrs. M. Eger 3 Springfield Avenue HAMpsteod 5856 & 8565 Ooposlte Majestic Hotel. Few minutes IE BOARDING HOUSE WITH CULTURE Mrs. ILLY LIEBERMANN 5 NETHERHALL GARDENS, N.W.3 from Royal Baths. CENTRAL HEATING. A Home for you western 2872 Prospectus from the Principal, HAM. 1662 •Phone: 67682 Elderly people welcomed

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