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WALLS THAT CAN TALK...

DREAM, UTOPIA OR FANTASY?

TWO ROADS DIVERGED IN A WOOD, AND I, I TOOK THE LESS TRAVELED BY, THAT HAS MADE ALL THE DIFFERENCE...
ROBERT FROST

CITY MUSEUM FOR ISTANBUL by
ELIF ERTEKIN

A THESIS PROJECT SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE

VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF

MASTER OF ARCHITECTURE

APPROVED BY:

PAUL EMMONS

Commitee Member

JAAN HOLT

Chairman

MARCO FRASCARI

Commitee Member

SUSAN PIEDMONT-PALLADINO

Commitee Member

BRIAN KANE

Commitee Member

JUNE 04, 2004

WAAC ALEXANDRIA, VIRGINIA COPYRIGHT 2005, ELIF ERTEKIN

i

ABSTRACT

MY THESIS; “ CITY MUSEUM FOR ISTANBUL ” TELLS THE STORY OF ISTANBUL . THE PROJECT; FROM ITS PLANS TO ITS ELEVATIONS AND SECTIONS IS DESIGNED BY A CLEAR UNDERSTANDING AND CLASSIFICATION OF THE CITY AND ITS LONG HISTORY. EVERY DETAIL THAT HAS BEEN INSERTED IN THE BUILDING HAS BEEN USED IN ISTANBUL, IS A PROOF OF SOMETHING THAT BELONGS TO THE CITY AND THE TASTE OF ITS PEOPLE. THE MOST STRIKING CHARACTERISTIC OF THE MUSEUM IS; ITS GIANT AND POWERFUL WALLS. THE IDEA OF USING WALLS CAME FROM THE FACT THAT ISTANBUL WAS FOUNDED AS A WALLED CITY. FOLLOWING THE HISTORY OF ISTANBUL, I PICKED UP THE MOST IMPORTANT ASPECTS OF THE CITY AND WITH RESPECT TO THEIR ORIGINAL FUNCTIONS, I USED THEM IN MY DESIGN. THE CITY WALLS WERE JUST THE BEGINNING; THEY HELPED ME TO DIVIDE MY SITE INTO DIFFERENT PARTS, DEFINING SPACES AND HANDLING EVERY FUNCTION IN THE MUSEUM. FROM EXHIBITION AREAS TO COURTYARDS, OFFICES TO THE CAFETERIAS EVERYTHING HAPPENS BETWEEN THE NARROW, HIGH AND MASSIVE WALLS. THEIR APPEARANCES AND THE MATERIALS CHANGE DEPEND- ING ON THEIR RESPONSIBILITIES; THAT IS HOW THEY START TO TALK AND WHERE THE JOURNEY OF ISTANBUL BEGINS...

CITY MUSEUM FOR ISTANBUL

BY

ELIF ERTEKIN

ii

DEDICATION

THIS BOOK IS DEDICATED TO MY FAMILY WITH DEEPEST LOVE AND APPRECIATION; TO MY MOTHER ISIK ERTEKIN TO MY BROTHER ERGUN ERTEKIN AND TO THE MEMORY OF MY FATHER ERDOGAN ERTEKIN

iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I WOULD LIKE TO THANK ALL THE PEOPLE WHO HAVE HELPED ME ALONG THE WAY COMPLETING MY DREAM; FIRST AND FOREMOST, I MUST THANK MY MOTHER ISIK ERTEKIN AND MY BROTHER ERGUN ERTEKIN FOR THEIR EXTRAORDINARY PATIENCE, SUPPORT AND ENDLESS LOVE. WITHOUT THEM, I WOULD NEVER HAVE MADE IT. THANK YOU FOR KEEPING ME STRONG, BELIEVING IN ME AND LETTING ME DO SO EVERYDAY. I LOVE YOU BOTH.

I WANT TO THANK MY THESIS ADVISORY COMMITTEE; JAAN HOLT, PAUL EMMONS, MARCO FRASCARI, SUSAN PIEDMONT-PALLADINO AND BRIAN KANE. JAAN; I WANT TO THANK YOU FOR OUR CONVERSATIONS, I ENJOYED EVERY SINGLE WORD OF THEM AND I LEARNED A LOT FROM YOU. THANK YOU FOR SEEING ME EVERYTIME I NEEDED YOU AT MY DESK, MAKING ME STRUGGLE WITH QUESTIONS AND ALWAYS HELPING ME FIND OUT THE RIGHT SOLUTIONS. PAUL; THANK YOU FOR ALWAYS ASKING ME THE RIGHT ISSUES AND KEEPING ME ON TRACK WITH MY INITIAL THOUGHTS. EVERY DISCUSSION WAS A FULFILLMENT FOR ME, AND WORKING IN A BIG SITE WOULD NEVER HAVE BEEN SO ENJOYABLE IF I WAS NOT WORKING WITH YOU. MARCO; YOUR STORIES WERE ALWAYS AN INSPIRATION FOR ME AND THEY ALWAYS LEAD ME TO AN ANSWER WHICH TURNED OUT TO BE AN ENJOYABLE JOURNEY. SUSAN; THINKING ABOUT MY CITY ALONG WITH YOU, MADE ME FIGURE OUT THE ESSENTIALS I NEEDED; AFTER EVERY CRITIC I HAD WITH YOU, I REALIZED A NEW CONCERN TO PRESENT IN MY MUSEUM. BRIAN, MY COURTYARDS AND PLAZA WHICH GAVE ME SO MUCH PLEASURE AT THE END, IS A RESULT OF OUR LONG DISCUSSIONS. YOUR BELIEF IN MY LANDSCAPE DESIGN MADE ME MORE PASSIONATE TO FIND A SOLUTION.

AS FOR THE PAGES THAT FOLLOW, I MUST THANK THE INDIVIDUALS WHO CONTRIBUTED MANY LONG DAYS AND NIGHTS OF FRIENDSHIP, ADVICE AND ASSISTANCE FOR MY FINAL SHOW; JENNIFER JOHNSON, ALEJANDRO SANTOS, NATALIA GARCIA MONTAGNA, GEORGE MAKRINOS, MAGDELENA EUGUES, LUCIA GENOUD, PAUL KOMAR, CAROLINA DAYER, IRENE NAPFLIOTIS, CECILIA DE LA VEGA, LAURA CROCE AND CLAIRE ANDREAS. I WOULD LIKE TO THANK YOU ALL, I WILL ALWAYS REMEMBER THE TIMES THAT WE SHARED TOGETHER.

FINALLY, I WANT TO THANK ISTANBUL- THE BEST PLACE TO BE- FOR INSPIRING ME TO COMMIT TO AND RESPECT ARCHITECTURE.

iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PRELUDE:

TITLE PAGE .............................................................................. i ABSTRACT ............................................................................. ii DEDICATION................................................................. ............ iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................ iv

PROCESS:

CHAPTER 5 DIFFERENT CHARACTERISTICS OF THE WALLS

IDENTIFICATION OF THE WALLS.......................................34

THE JOURNEY INSIDE AND OUTSIDE OF THE WALLS............37

THICKNESS OF THE WALLS.............................................39

CHAPTER 2 INTERPRETING THE CITY
CHAPTER 1 THE ESSENTIALS OF ISTANBUL AND THE SITE

THE CITY...ISTANBUL................................................. 1 THE WALL............................................................... 2 CITY WALLS OF ISTANBUL.......................................... 3

VICTOR HUGO; THIS WILL KILL THAT...........................4

THE SITE DISTRICT...BEYOGLU................................... 5 THE SITE................................................................. 6 SITE PICTURES..........................................................7 WALLS SURROUND MANY THINGS................................ 8 THE MAIN PERIODS OF ISTANBUL................................ 9 THE PROGRAM..........................................................10 THE WALL AND THE SITE........................................... 11 DISTRICTS OF ISTANBUL............................................ 12

WALLS HAVE FEELINGS.............................................. 13

THE SITE AS A MAP................................................... 14 NAMING THE WALLS.................................................. 17 INSIDE THESE WALLS................................................. 18 RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE WALLS.................................21

THE FLOW OF THE WALLS OF THE CITY.........................22

THE PLAZA AND THE ENTRANCE................................ 23

PROPOSAL:

CHAPTER 6 AND THE WALLS TALK
CHAPTER 3 THE FIRST STOP

  • THE FINAL SHOW ... WALLS TALK.........................
  • 41

FIRST STOP IN THE JOURNEY OF THE CITY.................. 24

THE CONNECTION................................................... 25 WHAT WALLS WANT TO SAY........................................ 27
DETAILS OF THE CITY................................................ 49 FINAL SHOW............................................................ 58

POSTLUDE:

CHAPTER 4 WORDS OF THE WALLS

CREDITS....................................................................................60 VITA........................................................................................ 62
LAYERS OF THE WALLS.............................................. 30

TWO DIFFERENT SCALES OF THE WALLS....................... 31

PARTS OF THE MASTER PLAN.......................................33

v

THE CITY OF ISTANBUL

ISTANBUL, ONCE KNOWN AS THE CAPITAL OF CAPITAL CITIES, IS THE ONLY CITY IN THE WORLD TO SPAN TWO CONTINENTS, AND THE ONLY ONE TO HAVE BEEN A CAPITAL DURING TWO CONSECUTIVE EMPIRES; BYZANTINE AND OTTOMAN. IT IS

ONE OF THE OLDEST AND GREATEST CITIES OF THE

TODAY, EVEN IF IT IS NOT THE CAPITAL OF TURKEY ANYMORE, ISTANBUL REMAINS ITS LARGEST CITY AND VIBRATES WITH THE ENERGY OF A MODERN METROPOLIS. IN ADDITION TO BEING THE COMMERCIAL CENTER, THE CITY ALSO CLAIMS ITSELF AS THE ARTS CAPITAL OF THE COUNTRY. SUPPORTING A MIXTURE OF HIGH AND POPULAR CULTURE, ISTANBUL MAINTAINS WORLD-CLASS MUSEUMS AND ANNUALLY HOSTS A SERIES OF INTERNATIONAL FESTIVALS EACH CELEBRATING ONE OF THE PERFORMING OR VISUAL ARTS.

WORLD WITH ONE ARM REACHING OUT TO ASIA AND THE OTHER TO EUROPE. THROUGH THE HEART OF THE CITY, RUNS THE MARMARA SEA KNOWN AS THE BOSPHORUS. DUE TO HER GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION, ISTANBUL HAS ALWAYS BEEN A FAVORABLE SETTLEMENT FOR HUMAN BEINGS STARTING FROM THE EARLY AGES. THE CITY HAS BECOME A CENTER WHERE VARIOUS CULTURES AND RELIGIONS ARE COMBINED, SURVIVED AND SUCCEEDED EACH OTHER AND ITS BEAUTY LIES IN ITS ABILITY TO EMBRACE ITS CONTRADICTIONS; ANCIENT AND

MODERN, RELIGIOUS AND SECULAR, ASIA AND EUROPE, MYSTICAL AND EARTHLY ALL COEXIST IN THE CITY. THIS CULTURAL STRUCTURE WHICH ENABLES A GOOD NUMBER OF ELEMENTS THAT CONTRADICT WITH EACH OTHER AND YET EXIST TOGETHER EVEN ONE IN ANOTHER, IS A PRODUCTION OF AN ACCUMULATION OF LONG HISTORY. THE CITY HAS BEEN CONQUERED, FOUGHT OVER AND REBUILT MANY TIMES OVER THE CENTURIES. THE HISTORY OF ISTANBUL DATES BACK TO THE 3RD MILLENNIUM BC.

1.3. .Esma Sultan Mosque
1.1.Galata Tower

1.4. View of Golden Horn
1.2. Location of Istanbul
1.5. Sultan Ahmet Mosque

TODAY, THE CITY DEFINES A GREAT CITY, NOT ONLY WITH HER POPULATION AND THE AREA SHE COVERS BUT ALSO WITH THE VARIETY OF CULTURES SHE BRINGS TOGETHER.

  • 1.7. Taksim- Beyoglu
  • 1.6. Courtyard in Beyoglu
  • 1.8. Dolmabahce Palace

1

THE WALL

...walled towns are unique inheritances from times long past and should be treasured, maintained and safeguarded from neglect and destruction and passed on to perpetuity as irreplaceable timestones of history...

Piran Declaration

THE WALL DEFINES TERRITORIES, IT DIVIDES TWO SPACES, EACH OF WHICH HAS A DIFFERENT CONTENT. THE BUILT WALL SHOWS THE ACTUAL WAY IN WHICH TWO DIVERSE AREAS MEET, THUS INTERPRETING THE STRONG RELATION BETWEEN THEM.

WALL 1. (n) an upright structure built to enclose or divide a space, especially one side of a room or building 2. a continuous structure of masonry or other material forming a rampart and built for defensive purposes. 3.(V..) to provide to surround, or protect, with or as if with a wall

IT IS WITHIN WALLED CITIES THAT THE LIFE OF CIVILIZED MAN BEGAN ,THE WALLS GUARDED HIM AGAINST BARBARIAN FOES, BEHIND THEIR SHELTER HE FOUND THE SECURITY NECESSARY TO HIS CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT, IN THEIR DEFENSE HE SHOWED HIS FINEST QUALITIES.

www.dictionary.com

2

CITY WALLS OF ISTANBUL

1
2

3

3.1.Cross section of the land walls
The collage showing the growth of land walls over the years

LAND WALLS CONSISTED OF 3 PARTS; A MAIN WALL (1), A LOWER FRONT WALL THAT WAS ADDED IN 447(2), AND A TRENCH (3) THAT WAS DIVIDED IN SECTIONS AND COULD BE FILLED WITH WATER. ISTANBUL’S LAND WALLS, ONCE AN IMPENETRABLE FORTIFICATION STRETCH SEVEN KILOMETERS FROM THE SEA OF MARMARA TOWARDS THE GOLDEN HORN AND THEY DATE BACK TO THE FIFTH CENTURY AND THE REIGN OF EMPEROR THEODOSIUS II.
MY RESEARCH FOR MY THESIS STARTED WITH THE QUESTION:

WHAT THE WALL DO ?

3.2. Land walls of Istanbul

WALLS ALWAYS AMAZED ME BECAUSE I SAW THEM AS THE PRIMARY ELEMENT OF A BUILDING. I RESEARCHED DIFFERENT TYPES, TEXTURES AND MATERIALS OF WALLS THE I AND THE IMPACT THEY CREATE ON PEOPLE’S PSYCHOLOGY. IT BECAME MORE AND MORE AMAZING AS I MOVED ALONG WITH THE QUESTION IN MY MIND;

DO WALLS REALLY HAVE FEELINGS ? CAN THEY TALK ? IF SO ... HOW ?

3.3. Power of the walls

3

VICTOR- HUGO; THIS WILL KILL THAT

I ALWAYS BELIEVED IN THE POWER OF ARCHITECTURE. EVEN LONG BEFORE I CHOSE MY PROFESSION, I WAS AMAZED BY THE BUILDINGS SURROUNDING ME. I ALWAYS THOUGHT ABOUT THE EVENTS THEY HAD WITNESSED AND I HEARD THEM WHISPERING. IT WAS ONLY MY PERCEPTION, MAYBE A WISH; BUT I WAS A CHILD THEN AND IT WAS A COMPLETE MYSTERY FOR ME. WHEN IT WAS TIME TO MAKE A DECISION ABOUT MY PROFESSION, MY FUTURE LIFE I MAY SAY, I DID NOT HESITATE TO STUDY ARCHITECTURE; TO UNDERSTAND, TO DESIGN BUILDINGS AND TO BE A PART OF THE SPECIAL WORLD WHICH TURNED OUT TO BE SO DIFFERENT AND MORE AMAZING FROM WHAT I KNEW SO FAR.

CONSIDERING THE FACT THAT MY THESIS SHOULD HAVE BEEN AN ANSWER TO MY CURIOSITY IN ARCHITECTURE, I WANTED TO DESIGN A BUILDING WHICH CAN TALK TO PEOPLE IN EVERY SINGLE DETAIL AND AS A WHOLE. I WANTED TO PROVE THAT ARCHITECTS, EVEN IN THE 21 CENTURY, HAVE THE RESPONSIBILITY OF EDUCATING PEOPLE WITH THEIR DESIGNS AND GIVE A SOUL TO THEM.

4.3. The walls of Karnac

ST

VICTOR HUGO’S NOTRE DAME, WHICH IS FAMILIAR TO MOST OF US, CONTAINS A SPECIAL CHAPTER IN SOME SPECIAL EDITIONS. THIS CHAPTER WHICH IS NAMED THIS WILL KILL THAT ; CONTAINS HUGO’S CONCERNS ABOUT THE FAST PUBLICATION OF BOOKS. HE ARGUES THAT, UP TO THE FAST PRODUCTION OF THE BOOKS IT WAS ONLY ART AND ARCHITECTURE FROM WHICH WE COULD LEARN ABOUT HISTORY.

HE SAYS; ... THAT ARCHITECTURE DOWN TO THE 15TH CENTURY WAS THE PRINCI P A L REGISTER OF HUMANITY ; THAT DURING THIS PERIOD THERE DID NOT APPEAR IN THE WORLD A THOUGHT OF ANY COMPLEXITY WHICH WAS NOT WORKED INTO A BUILDING ; THAT EVERY POPULAR IDEA AND EVERY RELIGIOUS LAW HAD ITS MONUMENTAL RECORDS ; THAT IN FINE ; THE HUMAN RACE HAD NO IMPORTANT THOUGHTS WHICH IT DID NOT WRITE IN STONE . AND WHY ? IT BECAUSE EVERY THOUGHT BE IT RELIGIOUS OR BE IT PHILOSOPHICAL , IS INTERESTED IN PERPETUATING ITSELF AND BECAUSE THE IDEA WHICH MOVED ONE GENERATION WISHES TO MOVE OTHERS AND LEAVE ITS TRACES .

4.1.The portrait of Victor Hugo

HIS ARGUMENT WAS CLOSE TO MY INTENTION OF DESIGNING A BUILDING WHICH COULD TALK TO PEOPLE. EVEN THOUGH I AM NOT OPPOSED TO THE FAST PRODUCTION OF THE BOOKS, I INSIST ON THE FACT THAT THE BUILDINGS SHOULD BE SEALED WITH THE IMPORTANT ASPECTS OF ITS AGE THAT THEY SHOULD GIVE MESSAGES TO PEOPLE AND THAT ARCHITECTS ARE RESPONSIBLE TO MANAGE THAT.

THE ARCHITECTURE CONCEPT, WHICH IS THE CRUCIAL ARGUMENT IN OUR DESIGNS, SHOULD BE THOUGHT OUT CAREFULLY AS WE ARE ABLE TO REACH PEOPLE BY OUR CREATIVITY. THIS IS THE MAGICAL POWER OF THE HISTORICAL BUILDINGS, THE ONES THAT WE FALL IN LOVE WITH.

4.2. The illustration of Karnac in Notre- Dame
4.4. The Parthenon in Athens

4

THE SITE DISTRICT...BEYOGLU

  • 5.1. Location of Turkey in the world map
  • 5.3. Location of Beyoglu in Istanbul

5.2. Location of Istanbul in Turkey

THE DISTRICT OF MY PROJECT SITE (4), BEYOGLU, IS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT DISTRICTS OF ISTANBUL. IT WAS AN OPEN SPACE WITH CEMETERIES AND ORCHARDS UNTIL THE BEGINNING OF 19TH CENTURY. ITS PROXIMITY TO THE TRADE CENTER , GALATA, MADE BEYOGLU POPULAR AMONG FOREIGN PEOPLE LIVING IN ISTANBUL AND THEY SHAPED THE NEIGHBORHOOD IN A VERY EUROPEAN WAY. THE MOST STRIKING PART OF THE DISTRICT IS; PERA, WHICH REACHED ITS PEAK IN THE MID- TO LATE 19TH CENTURY. THE PLACE WAS A CENTERPIECE FOR ART NOUVEAU BELLE EPOQUE STYLE. FRENCH WAS SPOKEN, TOP HATS AND TAILS WERE REQUIRED IN THE NEIGHBORHOODS. TODAY, PERA WHICH IS ALSO KNOWN AS ISTIKLAL STREET OR TAKSIM AS WELL, STILL GIVES A TASTE OF ISTANBUL’S OLD DAYS. THE STREET IS A PEDESTRIAN STREET WHICH IS APPROXIMATELY THREE TO FOUR KILOMETERS LONG, IS COVERED WITH COBBLE STONE AND EVERYDAY IT HOSTS COUPLES WHO COME TO RELAX AFTER A LONG DAY, TOURISTS, YOUNG STUDENTS AND ANYONE WHO WANTS TO TAKE AN ENJOYABLE AND PEACEFUL WALK. THE PLACE IS AN INDISPENSABLE SPOT FOR THE PEOPLE OF ISTANBUL.

PERA IS AND HAS ALWAYS BEEN THE FOREIGN QUARTER AND THE SCENE FOR THE CITY’S BALLROOMS, THEATRES AND NIGHT LIFE. TODAY, THE STREET IS FULL OF NICE CAFE’S WITHIN COURTYARDS, RESTAURANTS, SHOPS, BOOKSTORES, MOVIE THEATRES AND MUSIC STORES. IT IS POPULAR AMONG PEOPLE OF ALL AGES AS EVERYBODY CAN FIND SOMETHING IN THIS STREET FOR THEIR TASTES. THE TRAM IS THE ONLY TRANSPORTATION ALONG THE STREET BUT IT IS ALSO A PLEASURE TO WALK FROM ONE END, TAKSIM SQUARE (1), TO THE OTHER, TUNEL(2).

THE REASONS WHY I WANTED TO WORK IN THIS NEIGHBORHOOD FOR MY

THESIS:

1. ITS POPULARITY AMONG PEOPLE LIVING IN ISTANBUL. I WANTED TO DESIGN MY MUSEUM IN SUCH A FAVORABLE PLACE THAT PEOPLE WOULD EVEN COME ACROSS TO THE BUILDING BY COINCIDENCE.

5.4. Istiklal street marked with red

2. TO FOLLOW THE REALITY OF THE CITY ITSELF. BEYOGLU IS THE CULTURE & ENTERTAINMENT CORE OF THE CITY SO IT WOULD BE THE MOST SUITABLE PLACE TO DESIGN THE CITY MUSEUM FOR ISTANBUL. 3. THE PRESENT IMPROPER USAGE OF A PRECIOUS LAND. I WANTED TO GIVE THIS PLACE BACK TO THE RESIDENTS OF THE CITY.

5.5. Galata region and the tower
5.6. Pictures of Istiklal street that date back to early 1900’s

5

THE SITE

N

MY THESIS SITE IS LOCATED PARALLEL TO FAMOUS PERA (PAGE #5) AND SURROUNDED WITH VALUABLE HISTORICAL BUILDINGS. I STARTED THE ANALYSIS OF MY SITE BY DETERMINING THE MAIN PEDESTRIAN ACCESS TO THE SITE WHICH ALLOWED ME TO FIGURE OUT THE CRITICAL POINTS. AS CAN BE SEEN CLEARLY ON THE

RIGHT HAND SITE IT SHOWS THE CONNECTION BETWEEN MY SITE AND PERA WHICH IS A PASSAGE WAY THAT ALLOWS PEOPLE WALK THROUGH. THE

STREET SURROUNDING MY SITE ON THE EAST IS OPEN TO CAR TRAFFIC WHICH CAN’T BE CONSIDERED A PRIMARY STREET. ON THE OTHER HAND, THE WESTERN SIDE OF MY SITE HAS A HEAVY TRAFFIC AS THE ROAD DIES INTO A HIGHWAY. PERA PALACE REPRESENTED WITH # 3 ON THE ANALYSIS IS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT STRUCTURES OF ISTANBUL. IT IS A FAMOUS HOTEL

USED TO BE KNOWN AS BEING THE FINAL STOP OF THE PASSENGERS OF THE FAMOUS

2
1

6.3. Historical picture of the site (The site is the green space)

4
3

6.1. Insurance map of Pervititich showing my thesis site with number 53, 1926 first site analysis

ORIENT EXPRESS. ANALYSIS ALSO SHOWS THE LOCATIONS OF THE PREVIOUS BUILDINGS BUILT ON MY SITE.

MY SITE IS ALMOST EQUAL TO A SOCCER FIELD AND DOESN’T HAVE A STEEP SLOPE; 6 METERS (9 FEET) FROM ONE END TO THE OTHER, BUT HAS CONSIDERABLE SLOPE DIFFERENCE WITH THE HIGHWAY; 10 METERS (30 FEET) ON THE

6.4.The picture looking towards the street (site is on the left)

SOUTHERN PART OF THE SITE WHERE PEOPLE CAN FIND STEEP STAIRS REACHING FROM THE PEDESTRIAN CURB OF THE HIGHWAY THROUGH MY SITE. THE AERIAL VIEW OF MY SITE AND THE

SURROUNDING NEIGHBORHOODS CLEARLY SHOWS HOW DENSE THE CITY IS AND WITH ITS SIZE AND LOCATION HOW IMPORTANT MY PROJECT SITE IS.

Closer look of the site and the neighborhood

6

6.2. The site and the dense appereance of the city

SITE PICTURES

1
2

3

10
4
9
4
5

1
2

7
8

3
5
6
6

8
7

  • 9
  • 10

7

WALLS SURROUND MANY THINGS...

BUILT AND REBUILT, CONQUERED, LOST, RECONQUERED, REESTABLISHED

AND REGAINED, EMPIRE FOLLOWED EMPIRE, SULTAN FOLLOWED SULTAN. BUT THE HEARTBEAT OF ISTANBUL HAS REMAINED UNCHANGED.

The impression I wanted to give to people with my walls

  • A study for the connection of the walls
  • Sketches regarding the possible entrance solutions
  • Enclosed or disclosed by the wall...Which one is better?

8.1. The appereance of Pera

8

THE MAIN PERIODS OF ISTANBUL: 6 HISTORICAL LAYERS

1

THERE IS ONLY ONE CITY IN THE WORLD THAT SPANS TWO CONTINENTS; ISTANBUL. THE TRUE MERGING OF EAST AND WEST, ISTANBUL STRETCHES ACROSS BOTH EUROPE AND ASIA. THE CONTINENTS ARE SEPARATED ONLY BY A THIN STRIP OF WATER; THE BOSPHORUS. AMONG ALL THE BEAUTIES OF THE CITY, THERE ARE LAYERS OF DIFFERENT CULTURES ON TOP OF EACH OTHER. THROUGHOUT MY RESEARCHES, I CAME TO A POINT WHERE I DECIDED THAT THESE CULTURAL LAYERS SHOULD BE THE KEY POINT THAT I SHOULD PRESENT IN MY MUSEUM. DURING OUR DAILY LIVES, WE; THE RESIDENTS OF THE CITY, CANNOT REALIZE THIS AMAZING HISTORY AND SINCE EVERY NEW CULTURE IS CONSTRUCTED ON TOP OF THE PREVIOUS ONE, IT IS HARD TO MAKE A DISTINCTION BETWEEN THEM. AFTER GIVING THE DECISION OF THE POSSIBLE LOCATIONS OF MY WALLS IN THE SITE, MY NEXT STEP WAS TO MAKE THE CULTURAL DISTINCTION CLEAR IN MY DESIGN WHICH I LISTED AS;

1- GREEK PERIOD ( 7TH CENTURY);

WHAT IS NOW CALLED ASIAN ISTANBUL WAS PROBABLY INHABITED BY PEOPLE AS EARLY AS 3000 B.C. IN THE 7TH CENTURY; GREEK COLONISTS LED BY KING BYZAS, ESTABLISHED THE COLONY OF BYZANTIUM; THE GREEK NAME FOR A CITY ON BOSPHORUS. EVEN THOUGH THERE IS NOT MUCH LEFT FROM THE GREEK PERIOD IN ISTANBUL TODAY, SOME STRUCTURES CAN

STILL BE OBSERVED AND THIS PERIOD WAS THE START FOR THE LONG STORY OF THE CITY.

2

2- BYZANTIUM PERIOD ( 306 AD- 1453)

IN THE EARLY 100’S BC, THE CITY BECAME PART OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE AND IN 306 AD, EMPEROR CONSTANTINE THE GREAT, MADE BYZANTIUM A PART OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE. FROM THAT POINT ON, THE CITY WAS KNOWN AS CONSTANTINOPLE. THE ATTRIBUTE THAT MADE THE CITY SO DESIRABLE, ITS INCOMPARABLE LOCATION FOR TRADE AND TRANSPORT BETWEEN THE CONTINENTS, WAS ALSO ITS DANGER. FOR THE NEXT SEVERAL HUNDRED YEARS, PERSIANS, ARABS, NOMADIC PEOPLE AND MEMBERS OF THE FOURTH CRUSADE (WHO FOR A TIME ALSO GOVERNED THE CITY) ATTACKED CONSTANTINOPLE. THE BYZANTIUM PERIOD LEFT THE CITY SO MANY DELICATE TREASURES AT THE END.

3- OTTOMAN ( 16TH CENTURY) PERIOD

IN 1453, WEAKENED BY ALMOST A CONSTANT BATTLE, THE OTTOMAN TURKS CONQUERED CONSTANTINOPLE. RENAMED ISTANBUL, IT BECAME THE THIRD AND LAST CAPITAL OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE. IT WAS THE NERVE CENTER FOR MILITARY CAMPAIGNS THAT WERE TO ENLARGE THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE DRAMATICALLY. BY THE MID 1500’S, ISTANBUL, WITH A POPULATION OF ALMOST HALF A MILLION, WAS A MAJOR CULTURAL, POLITICAL, AND COMMERCIAL CENTER. THE 16TH CENTURY IS THE MOST REMARKABLE PERIOD OF THE EMPIRE BY ALL MEANS. IT CAN BE SAID THAT THE CITY WAS UNDER THE FRENCH AND THE ART NOUVEAU EXPRESSION ON THE EUROPEAN SIDE AS WELL AS BEING CONSISTENT WITH ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE IN THE REST OF THE CITY. IT WAS SULTAN SULEYMAN THE MAGNIFICENT HOWEVER, WHO BROUGHT THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE TO ITS PEAK. THE FOURTH OTTOMAN SULTAN TO REIGN, FROM 1520 UNTIL 1566, HE PRESIDED OVER THE MOST POWERFUL STATE IN THE WORLD. A REMARKABLE MILITARY STRATEGIST, HE MORE THAN DOUBLED THE OTTOMAN LAND HOLDINGS HE INHERITED FROM HIS FATHER. HE ALSO BROUGHT A PROFUSION OF ELEGANT MOSQUES, BATHS, SCHOOLS, FOUNTAINS BY THE HELP OF SINAN THE REAT ARCHITECT.

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    PROCEEDINGS BOOK 6th International E-Conference on New Trends in Architecture and Interior Design October 16-18, 2020 http://www.icntadconference.com/ 2 6th ICNTAD 2020 6th International E-Conference on New Trends in Architecture and Interior Design Istanbul/Turkey Published by the ICNTAD Secretariat Editors: Prof. Dr. Burcin Cem Arabacioglu ve Assoc. Prof. Dr. Pinar Arabacioglu ICNTAD Secretariat Büyükdere Cad. Ecza sok. Pol Center 4/1 Levent-İstanbul E-mail: [email protected] http://www.icntadconference.com ISBN: 978-605-66506-9-7 Copyright @ 2020 ICNTAD and Authors All Rights Reserved No part of the material protected by this copyright may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical, including photocopying , recording or by any storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the copyrights owners. 3 6th International E-Conference on New Trends in Architecture and Interior Design October 16-18, 2020 SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE Prof. Dr. Barbara Camocini Polytechnic University of Milan – Italy Prof. Dr. Birgül Çolakoğlu İstanbul Technical University – Turkey Prof. Dr. Burçin Cem Arabacıoğlu Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University – Turkey Prof. Dr. Çiğdem Polatoğlu Yıldız Technical University – Turkey Prof. Dr. Demet Binan Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University – Turkey Prof. Dr. Deniz İncedayı Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University – Turkey Prof. Dr. Didem Baş Yanarateş İstanbul Arel University – Turkey Prof. Dr. Füsun Seçer Kariptaş Haliç University – Turkey Prof. Dr. Gül Koçlar Oral İstanbul Technical University – Turkey Prof. Dr. Gülay Zorer Gedik Yıldız Technical University – Turkey Prof. Dr. Gülay Usta İstanbul Kültür University – Turkey Prof. Dr. Gülşen Özaydın Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University – Turkey Prof Dr.
  • Cosmopolitan Facades: Historical Diversity As a Tool of Exclusion and Destruction in the Tarlabaşi Urban Renewal Project

    Cosmopolitan Facades: Historical Diversity As a Tool of Exclusion and Destruction in the Tarlabaşi Urban Renewal Project

    COSMOPOLITAN FACADES: HISTORICAL DIVERSITY AS A TOOL OF EXCLUSION AND DESTRUCTION IN THE TARLABAŞI URBAN RENEWAL PROJECT by NICHOLAS MAZER CRUMMEY Submitted to the Institute of Social Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Sabancı University August 2016 © Nicholas M. Crummey 2016 All Rights Reserved APPROVED BY: Asst. Prof. Ateş Altınordu ……………………………. (Thesis Supervisor) Assoc. Prof. Ayşe Gül Altınay ……………………………. Assoc. Prof. Cenk Özbay ……………………………. DATE OF APPROVAL: ……………………………. ABSTRACT COSMOPOLITAN FACADES: HISTORICAL DIVERSITY AS A TOOL OF EXCLUSION AND DESTRUCTION IN THE TARLABAŞI URBAN RENEWAL PROJECT NICHOLAS MAZER CRUMMEY M.A. Thesis, August 2016 Advisor: Asst. Prof. Dr. Ateş Altınordu Keywords: Urban Renewal, Nostalgia, Gentrification, Tarlabaşı, Diversity The urban renewal project being undertaken in Tarlabaşı, Istanbul proclaims itself to be honoring the history of the neighborhood’s late Ottoman “multicultural” population through historical renovation and renewal. The project, a public-private partnership tied closely to the governing Justice and Development Party, presents an understanding of history at odds with the previously dominant nationalist narrative, by emphasizing a past diversity lost to poor political decisions. In this thesis I take a close look at this narrative of lost cosmopolitanism, exploring the pasts it summons, the future it envisions, and the ways in which it is used as a tool of exclusion in the present. I engage with theory on nostalgia and the malleability of the past, as well as literature on gentrification and the use of diversity as a market tool which simultaneously celebrates and destroys that diversity. I analyze the discourse around the project through newspaper articles, marketing materials, and the public statements of politicians and developers.
  • The Palace and the Coffeehouse: the Power of Place in Ottoman History

    The Palace and the Coffeehouse: the Power of Place in Ottoman History

    The Palace and the Coffeehouse: The Power of Place in Ottoman History, 1300-1800 A Part II Special Subject Dr Helen Pfeifer 2020-2021 The Topkapi Palace in Istanbul was the seat of the Ottoman sultan and the centre of one of the largest and most powerful empires in early modern Eurasia. The coffeehouse, a sixteenth-century Ottoman invention, was the seat of the urban classes and the centre of city life from Belgrade to Baghdad. Different as these two institutions were in their character and clientele, they were neck and neck when it came to their influence on Ottoman politics, society, and culture. This paper examines the power of place in Ottoman history from 1300-1800. Each week introduces students to a new space and to the opportunities or challenges it presented. Many of these spaces will lead us to consider the nature of imperial rule, from the contested frontier zone from which the Ottoman polity emerged; to the capital city that buttressed its imperial claims; to the seas and deserts that continually tested its sovereignty. Other spaces will allow us to consider key social and cultural issues, including the visibility of women, the acceptability of homosexual relations, and the experiences of minority groups like Christians and Jews. Throughout, students will be 1 asked to reflect on the ways in which physical space was not just a neutral backdrop to historical events, but helped shape the possibilities of historical actors and the relations between them. The Michaelmas term is organized chronologically. After an introductory class devoted to the so-called ‘spatial turn’, the remaining seven sessions will examine key spaces in which political and social relations were negotiated as the empire evolved from a minor frontier polity into a world power.
  • Kuzgun, Goksel, Özalp, Somer, Alvarez, Perceptions of Local People

    Kuzgun, Goksel, Özalp, Somer, Alvarez, Perceptions of Local People

    PERCEPTIONS OF LOCAL PEOPLE REGARDING ISTANBUL AS A EUROPEAN CAPITAL OF CULTURE Ebru KUZGUN Bo÷aziçi University, Turkey [email protected] Tu÷çe GOKSEL Bo÷aziçi University, Turkey [email protected] Deniz ÖZALP Bo÷aziçi University, Turkey [email protected] Billur SOMER Bo÷aziçi University, Turkey [email protected] Maria Dolores ALVAREZ Bo÷aziçi University [email protected] ABSTRACT Throughout centuries, Istanbul has been the cradle of many civilizations and has hosted various different cultures. In recent years, the number of cultural activities has increased in the city, and Istanbul has become the cultural center of Turkey and one of the most important cultural destinations in the region. Thanks to its ancient roots in history and diversified structure, Istanbul has also gained the title of European Capital of Culture for 2010. Istanbul is hosting a variety of cultures, ethnic backgrounds, religions as well as socio-cultural levels. People with different origins, mother tongues, beliefs and traditions are living together in Istanbul. Besides, the city has received a large number of people migrating from other parts of Turkey in recent years. As a result, the gap between life styles of residents has widened. Therefore, this research aims to determine the perceptions of Istanbul’s inhabitants, who have highly diversified identities and life styles, regarding the city as a European Capital of Culture. A scale to measure the construct of European Capital of Culture is also proposed. KEYWORDS European; Capital of Culture; Istanbul; City; Local Perceptions. CCSCT 2009, Bo÷aziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey 2 INTRODUCTION Istanbul has been the meeting point of various cultures and has been hosting different civilizations for centuries.
  • Download 2021 Cv

    Download 2021 Cv

    About Works Contact Arda Yıldırım has many As a Project Director or different types of work Project Manager, I have experience in the field of WHY? overall responsibility for the Design, Construction and successful conclusion of Project Management. Since I'm an architect construction and design. I childhood, he has worked who's passionate about oversee project managers, in the family business for architecture, working in teams or construction architecture and different disciplines. I was supervisors, who coordinate construction. born in 1984 in Turkey. I lived teams to ensure that work is in Ankara, Istanbul, Ashgabat completed on time and within For more than 12 years in and Moscow and married in budget, to a high standard. I professional life, Arda has Rome, Italy this year. My am leading to strategically worked as a manager in father, my uncle, my sister and manage risk, monitor finances corporate firms, design my dear wife are also and ensure each phase of work offices and construction architects and we have done is started or completed on sites. He can use all 3 and various projects together. time. 2 dimensional drawing programs and likes hand I have designed or managed drawing. five star hotels, mass housing, shopping centres, luxury Arda graduated from the residences, restaurants, university with a high skyscrapers, sports complexes, degree, participated in hospitals and educational many workshops and buildings during the last worked with young 12 years and supervised the students at HFT Stuttgart construction site of all these
  • A Study of the Depiction of History, Politics and Culture in the Novels of Orhan Pamuk

    A Study of the Depiction of History, Politics and Culture in the Novels of Orhan Pamuk

    A STUDY OF THE DEPICTION OF HISTORY, POLITICS AND CULTURE IN THE NOVELS OF ORHAN PAMUK Minor Research Project Submitted to UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION WRO, PUNE By Dr Rajendra R. Thorat M.A., M. Phil., Ph.D. Venutai Chavan College, KARAD 415 124, Dist. Satara Maharashtra State September,2017 Acknowledgement At the beginning I extend my sincere thanks to University Grants Commission, Western Regional Office, Pune for giving me an opportunity to investigate the works of the Orhan Pamuk. I am also obliged to the Chairmanof Shri Shivaji Shikshan Sanstha, Karad, Hon. Shri Balasaheb Patil, Hon. Prakashrao Patil, the General Secretary of the Sanstha and other members of the Management for encouraging me to pursue my project work. Thanks are also due to Prin. B. N. Kalekar and Dr P. B. Chaugule for their full support and cooperation in the pursuit of this research. This study is possible because of inspiration and help rendered to me by my well wishers and friends like Dr. Satish Ghatge, Dr.Ujjvala Tathe, Prof. Dr. Shivaji Sargar. I must thank all my senior colleagues in the College P. M. Chavan, Dr. R. A. Kengar ,T. S. Bangar, Dr. N.A. Patil, Dr. S.R. Sarode, Sou. M. A. Shinde, Sou. S. P. Patil and all others who were supportive in my endeavor. I must express a deep sense of gratitude to the librarians of University of Goa, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, IACIS (Formerly ASRC), Hyderabad, Central University, Hyderabad, NMU, Jalgaon, Shivaji University, Kolhapur. My special thanks are to the librarian and support staff of Venutai Chavan College, Karad.
  • The Case of Istanbul, Tuzla Settlement

    The Case of Istanbul, Tuzla Settlement

    Ali Kılıç, Oya Akın and Bora Yerliyurt, Culture Coming Through Water and City/Inhabitant That Doesn’t Live This Culture, 42 nd ISoCaRP Congress 2006 Culture Coming Through Water and City/Inhabitant That Doesn’t Live This Culture; The Case Of Istanbul, Tuzla Settlement Ali Kılıç Oya Akın Bora Yerliyurt Faculty of Architecture, Yıldız Technical University, İstanbul INTRODUCTION The concept of waterfront is basically defined to be the contact of land, building and city with sea (New Webster’s Dictionary and Thesaurus, 1992). an other definition is; “The border where ‘water world’ which is the source of the human beings and ‘land world’ which the people live their ordinary life with the various lifestyles, are inosculated (Çolak, 2005).” Both of the definitions define waterfront to be the transition “interface” between the sea and land. This factor leads waterfront to have a transparent surface and to have variety and richness in geographical features, such as climate, topography and flora etc., economic relations, socio-economic cultural networks and the most important of all, settlement culture. In this context, waterfront where is a meeting point and welfare, was the starting point of human settlements. When the evolution of settlement culture is considered, it is seen that with preferable characteristics, in such areas as defense, transportation, scenery, climate, power and leisure, waterfronts come to the forefront for settlement (Bender, 1993; Çolak, 2005). Harbors, which are gateway to the outside world of the cities located on the waterfront, are the dominant factors in economic activity and cultural exchange. The cultural and spatial landscapes of these cities are shaped conditional on the interplay of geographical features, economic activity and social strata by the dynamics which is diverse, flexible and transparent.
  • Charles University Faculty of Arts

    Charles University Faculty of Arts

    EÖTVÖS LORÁND UNIVERSITY OF BUDAPEST Charles University Faculty of Arts Institute of World History TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY GATED COMMUNITIES IN ISTANBUL Master's Thesis Mehmet Yiğitcan Uçar Thesis supervisor in Budapest: Dr. Melinda Benkő Thesis supervisor in Prague: Mgr. Jaroslav Ira, Ph.D. Prague and Budapest, 2017 Hereby I declare that I worked out this thesis independently, using only the listed resources and literature, and I did not present it to obtain another academic degree. ……………………..……………….. Prague, 17 May 2017 Mehmet Yiğitcan Uçar Abstract in English The idea of gated communities was coined in the USA in 1970s and was a result of the post-modern period and suburbanization. During modernization, cities had gone through social, cultural, political, and economical revisions. Consequently, business and residential areas in the city continued to evolve and create new forms. Following this period gated communities offered new understanding of life, security, relations, and status. Subsequently, the phenomenon has rapidly spread all around the world after the 1980s. Istanbul was introduced to the idea of gated communities in 1980s as a result of globalization by following a new vision of a Global City. Being the historical, cultural, and economic center of Turkey, Istanbul holds a great value in terms of social and economical investments. Following the international neoliberal economic trends, Istanbul has attracted many investors and a large labor force. Consequently, the rising demand of housing and business areas invigorated the real estate market in Istanbul, and gated communities were seen as a modern way of housing. As a result, a variety of gated communities were built in Istanbul to meet this new demand.
  • A Historical Panorama of an Istanbul Neighborhood: Cihangir from The

    A Historical Panorama of an Istanbul Neighborhood: Cihangir from The

    A HISTORICAL PANORAMA OF AN ISTANBUL NEIGHBORHOOD: CIHANGIR FROM THE LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY TO THE 2000s by Binnaz Tu ğba Sasanlar Submitted to The Atatürk Institute for Modern Turkish History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Bo ğaziçi University 2006 “A Historical Panorama of an Istanbul Neighborhood: Cihangir from the Late Nineteenth Century to the 2000s”, a thesis prepared by Binnaz Tu ğba Sasanlar in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Arts degree at the Atatürk Institute for Modern Turkish History. This thesis has been approved and accepted by: Assoc. Prof. Duygu Köksal Prof. Şevket Pamuk Prof. Zafer Toprak ii An Abstract of the Thesis of Binnaz Tu ğba Sasanlar for the degree of Master of Arts in the Atatürk Institute for Modern Turkish History to be taken August 2006. Title: A HISTORICAL PANORAMA OF AN ISTANBUL NEIGHBORHOOD: CIHANGIR FROM THE LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY TO THE 2000s This study can be seen as a contribution to the history of a cosmopolitan Istanbul neighborhood, Cihangir, where Greeks, Armenians, Jews, Levantines, Turks, and other Muslim and non-Muslim inhabitants lived in harmony for centuries. Based on oral history narratives by older and new inhabitants of the neighborhood as well as primary sources identified by the author, the present study aims to shed light on its cosmopolitan fabric and the changes it has undergone throughout the republican history of Turkey. It reflects its author’s perspective which situates the story of Cihangir within the framework of the story of the decline of cosmopolitan Istanbul due to the Turkification policies of the nationalist state.
  • Istanbul, Turkey

    Istanbul, Turkey

    THE TURKISH CHAMBER OF SURVEY AND CADASTRE ENGINEERS INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF SURVEYORS FIG CONGRESS April 27 - May 2, 2014 DESTINATION: Istanbul, Turkey 2 /28 Table of Contents THE BID: AN OVERVIEW...................................................................................................... 4 CANDIDATE CITY FOR FIG 2014: ISTANBUL, TURKEY................................................. 6 CONGRESS SITE.................................................................................................................... 10 FINANCIAL CONSIDERATIONS......................................................................................... 14 PROPOSED MEETINGS ........................................................................................................ 15 SOCIAL EVENTS ..................................................................................................................15 SOCIAL TOURS ..................................................................................................................... 17 TECHNICAL TOURS ............................................................................................................. 19 ACCOMMODATION ............................................................................................................. 20 PRE- AND POST-CONGRESS TOURS ................................................................................ 22 ABOUT THE ORGANIZATION COMMITTEE ................................................................... 24 LETTERS OF SUPPORT .......................................................................................................