THE LIFE-BOAT. JOURNAL

OF THE Batfonal Xife^Boat Jnstitutfon, (ISSUED QTJABTEBLY.)

VOL. XIV.—No. 159.] FEBRUARY 2, 1891. [PBIOE Sd.

THE REPORTS OF THE METEOROLOGICAL COUNCIL OF THE EOYAL SOCIETY FOB 1889 AND 1890. THESE reports contain matter of very tained in these charts is undergoing considerable general interest, showing, as further investigation. The history of all they do, what has been and is being done the clearly-marked barometrical depres- to perfect the system of weather forecasts sions or cyclonic systems that occurred in this our ever-changing climate, as well between August 1882 and 1883 inclusive, as to compile a register of the winds and has been investigated and their course weather that may be expected at sea in and distance travelled, etc., laid down on different parts of the world, including charts with what is considered justifiable the tracing and laying down the courses accuracy. of cyclonic disturbances in the Atlantic These systems or whirlwinds, of greater and other oceans, together with the or less extent and force, appear to probable distance travelled whilst they travel at an average rate of 400 to 450 last, and their rate of travelling. miles a day, and 273 of them have been This last subject, so far as regards the traced. Of these, 143 had blown them- North Atlantic Ocean, comes first in the selves out and disappeared in less than Report for 1889, and merits a perusal in 5 days. Very few lasted 10 days, and order to learn the outline of the method of these again a very small proportiou adopted to obtain this very desirable end. lasted 13 days. Of 63 of these depres- The one source from which all information sions that appeared between the 40th and can be obtained as to what wind and 35th parallels of latitude, only 15 crossed weather exists, or may be expected to be the Atlantic to the Meridian of Greenwich ; found, in any spot at sea, must be the some of these again, passed it in high logs and other records of ships whilst on latitudes. But of those that originated that spot. To extract this from a large south of latitude 35°, half possessed number of logs, and to carefully compare sufficient energy to cross the ocean. The and connect the various items, necessarily cyclones which existed more than 13 days entails a large amount of very correct and occurred in September, October, and exact labour, which is demonstrated by November. The attempt to trace the the fact that the results for the thirteen anti-cyclonic system has not however yet months ended September 3rd, 1883, were been equally successful. not published until 1890, and even now Charts have been prepared and issued, the complicated series of phenomena con- showing the barometrical pressure in the

XIV.—No. 159.—LIFE-BOAT JOUBNAI,. 2 E 442 THE LIFE-BOAT. [FEBEUAET 2, 1891. Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans during excepting during the hay season. Various the months of February, May, August methods are adopted for making public and November. Further charts on the the forecasts. They are exhibited at subject are now ready; and it is hoped the Mansion-house, Lloyd's Booms, the that the information they give will prove of libraries of the Houses of Lords and great value to seamen. Current charts for Commons, and at seven or eight other the same parts are also being prepared, different places in London. They are also with which considerable progress was supplied to the newspapers, the Govern- made during the year. ment Offices, and to seaports for public "We now come to the weather forecasts. exhibition, to correspondents with the The preparation and issue of these, Office, to foreign Meteorological establish- including the storm warnings, is founded ments, and about two hundred copies are on the contents of reports received by supplied to various subscribers. Any one telegraph from a large number of Stations applying at the Meteorological Office in the British Isles, supplemented by a between 11 A.M. and 8 P.M. on week days, considerable number from the Continent and 7 P.M. and 8 P.M. on Sundays, can of Europe. Those from America are obtain in writing the latest information, not now used for this purpose, the and the latest forecast for any particular conclusion having been come to that the district, on payment of one shilling for information given by them was as yet of each enquiry. Application may also be no practical utility in forwarding the made by either letter or telegram, in the object in view. The reports are made former case the fee and postage for the out for three different hours, viz., 8 A.M., reply must accompany the application, 2 P.M., and 6 P.M. ; 58 are sent in in the and in the latter, the fee must be paid morning, 17 at 2 o'clock, and 29 at at the telegraph office when despatching 8 P.M. Besides the actual reading of the the message with a prepaid reply. barometer and thermometer at the hours By an arrangement between the named, they give the alterations which Meteorological Office and the Boyal Agri- have occurred in both during the previous cultural Society, the Boyal Dublin Society 24 hours, the direction and force of the and the Highland and Agricultural wind, and the state of the weather, Society, forecasts are sent gratis and daily together with any changes of importance to about thirty observers, selected by that may have taken place during the these Societies, at various places, during previous day. These are all entered on a the hay season, on the two conditions chart, and forecasts of the weather for the that the information shall be made as following 24 hours are deduced from them, widely known as possible and that A and issued ia the well-known form for the record of the weather actually experienced eleven districts into which the country is be sent to the Office. The issue of these divided for this purpose. The charts commenced on the llth of June, and was obtained from the 8 A.M. reports are the carried on into August for the later fullest and most important on account of districts. the larger number made at that hour. A table compiled from the reports The forecasts from these are issued about of the different observers of the weather 11 o'clock, and foretell the weather from experienced, shows the remarkable ac- noon until the following noon. The curacy of these particular forecasts, 6 P.M. reports are issued about 9 o'clock, and the service they must have been and are for the day, commencing at 8 AM. to all they reached having hay at the next morning. stake. The results are classified in the The 2 P.M. reports, of which the fore- tables, under four heads: 1. Com- casts are completed by about half-past plete success; 2. Partial success; 3. Par- three, are used for storm warnings only, tial failure; 4. Total failure. In th» FEBRUARY 2,1891.] THE LIFE-BOAT. 443 I year 1888 the percentage of each was disturbance which will probably cause a No. 1, 49; No. 2, 35; No. 3, 11; No. 4, gale of wind to blow on any parts of the 5; so that 84 per cent, of the forecasts coast, those parts are at once warned by were correct, or partially so, whilst they telegraph, and the well-known storm only failed partially in eleven, and totally signal, a black canvas cone with the point in five per cent. In the year 1889 these upwards or downwards, according to the predictions were even more successful, expected direction of the wind, is hoisted the figures being 57, 32, 9 and 2, re- at the appointed place at the stations spectively, or 89 per cent, of success and warned. These signals are displayed partial success, against 9 of partial and during daylight for forty-eight hours after only 2 of complete failure. The general the telegrams are despatched, unless pre- correctness, and therefore usefulness, of viously countermanded. There are 72 these special forecasts is testified to by of these stations in England, 16 in Wales, several of the observers from different 44 in Scotland, 15 in Ireland, 3 in the parts of the country who had undertaken Isle of Man, and 3 in the Channel Islands. the task of receiving them, also by the In the year 1888-89 the warnings were fact of nine large landowners in different justified by complete or partial correctness parts of the country having applied to be to the extent of 83'9 per cent, were notveri- furnished with them at their own expense. fied in 14-3 per cent., and were given too The Council expressed their readiness to late in 1 • 8 cases per cent.; in 1889-90 the co-operate in any way in their power for respective figures are 81 • 2,16 • 9, and 1 • 9. increasing the benefits of this movement, During the years 1888-89 four gales of the utility of which had been sufficiently wind visited different parts of the coast, established; but the Agricultural Depart- for which no warnings were issued, and ment of the Privy Council replied that during 1889-90 five occurred under the they had no funds at their disposal, and same conditions. The four in 1888 appear that the Treasury had declined to make to have evaded notice in most cases, by a grant for this purpose. Nothing further advancing very rapidly to our coasts therefore, has been done to extend the between the hours of observation. In one publication of this very useful information. ease at 6 P.M., the time of the evening The general forecasts issued are care- reports, there was no indication whatever fully watched, and their accuracy checked of an impending storm on the coast; by by the -weather actually experienced in 10 P.M. a shallow depression appeared on the several periods. The result is tabu- the S.W. coast of England, which grew lated in the same way as above described deeper with extraordinary rapidity. At for the hay harvest, and for 1888-89 8 A.M. the next morning, the centre was shows the percentage of success and par- over Pembroke, and at six o'clock the tial success respecting wind to have been same evening it had reached Lincolnshire. 81 • 4, and for weather 83; for the next year Of the five in 1889-90, two which had i.e., 1889-90, the results are 80-25, and apparently passed or were passing our 80-75 respectively. These percentages islands for the coast of Norway, suddenly have varied so little for some years, that turned to the southward, and brought the it looks as if they represent the amount northern coasts of Scotland and England of accuracy obtainable under present within their range. knowledge and conditions. One great The report shows that the work of the disadvantage the Council works under is Meteorological Office does not end with the impossibility of knowing what is the subjects referred to in this short notice occurring in the Atlantic until the dis- but embraces other labours for studying turbances reach our own western coasts. the phenomena of our climate for the Whenever the preparation of the forecasts advance of science, which we have not shows the existence of an atmospheric space to refer to in this month's Journal. 444 THE LIFE-BOAT. [FEBKUAET 2, 1891.

THE LIFE-BOATS OP THE UNITED KINGDOM. LXXI. APPL13DORE No. 1.— Temporary the left hand—here the men of Devon Boat, 31 feet by 7J feet, 10 oars. defeated Hubba the Dane, and even yet LXXII. APPLEDOBE No. 2.— Jane Hannah MacDanald, 34 feet by 7J feet, 10 oars. is the spot known by the name of the JLXXIJI. BEAUNTON.— Robert and Catherine, Bloody Corner, where the retreating 34 feet by 8 feet, 10 oars. Danes, cut off from their ships, made their last fruitless stand. A stone bearing has once for all described " the an inscription relating to the fight has little white town of Bideford which been recently set into the bank, close to slopes upwards from, its broad tide-river the spot where tradition says that the paved with yellow sands and many arched old Norse Viking lies in his leaden, coffin. old bridge where salmon wait for autumn The general character of the coast line floods to the pleasant uplands 'on the of Bideford and Barnstaple Bay, which west." latter is situated at the entrance to the Bideford is said to mean "By the Bristol Channel, is cliff and rock. Besides Ford," the ford in question being that by a small harbour at Clovelly and the still which, the British. Trackway crossed the smaller havens of Bucks Mills and Pepper- Torridge, within sight of the bridge which combe—thelasttwoofwhichonlysheltera did away with the need for fording. few small fishing boats—there is no refuge This bridge is the most characteristic until Northam is reached. Here between feature of the town. As Edinburgh is the Northam and Braunton Burrows, those Edinburgh by virtue of its castle, Home open ranges of turfen flat and sand hills, Some by virtue of its capitol, and Egypt which had their origin in the silting up Egypt by virtue of its pyramids, so is of the entrance, the Biver Torridge joins Bideford Bideford by virtue of its bridge, her sister Taw, and both flow together now five centuries old or more, though of in one undivided stream towards the late sadly modernized. broad surges of the bar and the ever- Bideford has its place in history. For- lasting thunder of the long Atlantic merly it was one of the chief ports of swell. Owing to the great rise and fall England, and furnished seven ships to of the tide—a 23-feet rise at ordinary fight the Armada, and it is to the sea-life tides and 29 feet at springs—the channel and labour of Bideford, Dartmouth, Tops- over the bar is open to large vessels ham, Plymouth and many other little bound to and from Appledore from half western towns that England owes the flood to half ebb, the two Lighthouses foundation of her naval and commercial on the Braunton side of the estuary giving glory. It was the men of Devon, Drake, the line in or out, and the channel has of Hawking, Gilbert, Raleigh, Grenville, late years been further marked by a Oxenham and the like, to whom she bell-buoy three miles out in the bay. owes her commerce, her colonies, her The entrance to the estuary is bounded very existence. Leaving Bideford, and on the Braunton side by sands called the wending our way- to the summit of the North Tail, and on thie south by other hill in the direction of Northam, let sands called the South Tail, extending us pause a moment to look round, first at along the parish of Northam and partly in the wide bay to the westward with its front of the well-known pebble ridge, southern wall of purple cliffs; then at which for about two miles protects the the dim island of Lundy far away at Burrows from the sea. These Burrows sea; then at the cliffs and downs of are made much use of by the inhabitants Braunton and Morte to the north; then for golf, and are regarded by them as at the vast plain below through which the best links in England. From this the silvery estuary winds onwards to the common the parish takes its name— sea. Beneath, on the right, we see the Tor- North Ham. The noise of the surf upon ridge, like a land-locked lake between the the boulders of the pebble ridge is the old park of Tapely and the charmed rock sure precursor of wind. An Atlantic of the Hubbastone, where seven hundred storm sends forward the token of his years ago the Norse Rovers landed to lay coming in the smooth ground swell which siege to Kenwith Castle, a mile away on can be heard for miles inland, the pebbles FEBKTTABY 2, 1891.] THE LIFE-BOAT. 445

rattling down with the retreating wave North or South Tail, vessels being either of the swell may on the morrow be too early on the flood, and unable to keep leaping to the ridge top, hurled like off owing to the strength of the wind, or to round shot far ashore upon the beach previous injuries to their sails and rigging, by the force of the advancing wave, flying or for want of a pilot. A strong and before the wrath of the northern storm. dangerous indraft is also experienced, If 0236 wishes to form a notion of what and its influence is said to be felt six the losses of life by sea were on the coast miles to seaward, so that in unsettled of North Devon, prior to the year 1820, weather no vessel should approach the the burial registers of the nine parishes land within the limits of a line con- between Hartland and Baggy points—the necting the two points at Hartland and two extreme points of Barnstaple Bay— Baggy unless bound for Appledore, for must be searched. That bay was nothing the frequent and sudden changes of wind leas than a death-trap to the mariner, to the N. W., which succeed the S.W. gales, and many are the sad -wrecks to which would ezpose any vessel to great risk these registers bear witness. The nine of being driven ashore, it being impossible parishes above alluded to are—Hartland, to claw off the land on the flood tide, or Clovelly, Woolfardisworthy, Parkham, to obtain the slightest shelter while the Alwington, Abbotsham, Northam, Braun- wind blows from the "W.N.W. The ton and Georgeham, and it must be danger attending these sudden shifts of remembered that the registers of these wind may be illustrated by the lament- parishes only record the bnrial of those able loss of the Weasel sloop-of-war, of the castaways whose bodies were commanded by the Hon. Henry Grey, recovered. In the parish of Northam on the night of the llth January, there are 83 burials of shipwrecked 1799. Being stationed on this part of sailors recorded between 1749 and 1820, the coast, she was riding at anchor and in spite of the Life-boats at Apple- about a mile west from the bar, the dore and Braunton, by which 200 lives wind blowing a fresh gale from the and more have been saved, the shipping southward. A Bideford vessel, commanded since 1820 has so vastly increased that by a Captain Grossard, in the course of DO less than 78 additional interments of the day beat over the bar, and in passing, shipwrecked sailors have taken place in hailed the Weasel, telling her Commander Northam churchyard alone. To these must that his position was dangerous, and beg- be added the entries in the burial regis- ging him to cross the bar and to go into ter of Appledore, an ecclesiastical parish harbour. The answer given back was separated from Northam in 1838, and that the Weasel was riding quite safely. distant from it about two miles. Apple- During the night the gale suddenly dore, the ont port of Bideford, is a busy veered, as it generally does, to the N.W., shipping town, situated at the junction and in attempting to beat out of the bay of the rivers Taw and Torridge, and the Weasel struck near Baggy Point, went contains a population of between three to pieces almost immediately, and every and four thousand inhabitants. A large person on board perished—120 officers proportion are sailors and pilots, who and men, and 1 woman. furnish the crews for the Life-boats at! The whole of this part of the coast and Appledore and Braunton. If such then its vicinity is much better guarded by be the record in one of the nine parishes Lighthouses than it was formerly. In only, what must the whole loss of life have addition to the Light on Lundy Island been in the bay ? The Braunton Light- and those at Braunton, a Lighthouse has hoiises, erected by the Trinity House in been placed at Hartland Point, and an- 1820, were the first means adopted for other at Bull Point near Morthoe. Much diminishing the terrible list of wrecks. better protection is also provided by ad- Jt is probable that their erection was due ditional Life-boats having been placed at to local representations as to the sad Clovelly, Braunton, Morte Bay and Ilfra- scenes on the coast. For instance, in the combe. Notwithstanding all these safe- years 1819 and 1820 it was shown at the guards, however, peculiar perils beset Appledore Custom House that in the case vessels sheltering on the east side of of four wrecks all lives were lost. Many Lundy Island during S.W. gales. Should of the wrecks take place on either the the wind fly round to the N.E. the anchor- 446 THE LIFE-BOAT. [FEBRUARY 2, 1891.

age ground is at once exposed to the gale, j North Devon Humane Society was and the vessels are obliged to run for established, and Lord Rolle appointed the safety where they best can. On the 16th Patron. Immediately after the formation October, 1886, there was such a shift of of the Society, an application was made wind during the night that, of about forty for a larger Life-boat, and again the vessels at anchor there, for the most part Institution in London acceded to the large ones, full twenty went ashore or request. A Boat was ordered from a foundered in Barnstaple Bay. It is be- design by the late Mr. GEORGE PALMEB, lieved at least 300 men perished on this M.P. for South Essex, Deputy Chairman of occasion. Two large vessels, one a steamer, the Parent Institution, and at the close foundered close to the Bell buoy off the bar, of 1831 was completed and sent to but no aid could be rendered as, being night Bideford. She was clench built; was time and no signals shown, their where- 26 feet long, 6 feet wide, and 3 feet deep; abouts was unknown on shore. It has weighed 20 cwt., and pulled six oars been publicly stated that fully one-fourth single banked; had detached air-cases of the shipping traffic of the United along the sides up to the thwarts, and at Kingdom passes up and down the Bristol each end up to the gunwale, Channel. The above facts demonstrate In consequence of a fatal wreck on the pretty clearly the great need existing for North Tail in December, 1845, the Boat a harbour of refuge off the mouth of the was three years later transferred to the Bristol Channel. Braunton side of the estuary, and the About the time the Lighthouses were present wooden Boat-house was built built, namely in 1820, public attention and among the sandhills to receive her. Ibis sympathy were strongly excited by the Boat has also justified her existence by frequent wrecks and fearful loss of life the excellent services she has rendered on that had taken place in the bay. The several occasions. In 1846 further appli- distance of the bar from the shore, and cation was made to the Institution for a the exposed situation of the whole beach, third Life-boat of larger dimensions than being open to the Atlantic, preventing the other two, and the following year a the possibility of assistance being rendered Boat, built of mahogany and air-cases by ordinary boats, suggested the necessity built into the sides, was ordered and of a Life-boat, and in August, 1824, an sent to Appledore the same year, that appeal was made to our Society, then station now having three Life-boats. Her called the NATIONAL SHIPWRECK INSTI- dimensions were 30 feet long, 7^ feet TUTION, and just established in London. wide, and 3J feet deep. She was named The request was at once acceded to, and a the Petrel. In 1857 a carriage was built small boat ordered to be built by Plenty of by Hansom and Sims for her; the wheels Newbury, Berks. She reached her station being provided with a self-laying tram- the latter end of February, 1825. This way ; but this was found in practice to be Boat, called No. 1, or the Volunteer, was too cumbersome and was discarded. 17 feet long, 6 J feet wide, and 2£ feet deep; In 1855 the separate existence of the she weighed 20 cwt., and was pulled by North Devon Humane Society ceased, it four oars single banked. Like others built having become a branch of the Parent by Plenty, she was sheathed with cork on Institution in London, and a few years her bottom and thoroughly varnished. later the Boat stationed at Braunton Air-cases were built into her sides, but became a separate station, under the there were no freeing valves; the water management of a committee styled the she took in she rolled out, and would not Barnstaple and Braunton Branch. The right herself if capsized. Her character Bev. I. H. Grosset, who was appointed was slow but sure. This small Boat i Chairman of the North Devon Society as proved her value, for she saved 80 lives. 'far back as 1850, is one of the oldest, if A meeting of gentlemen from Barn- not the oldest, representatives of thai; staple, Bideford, and Appledore was called Society, and he continued to serve as an in June, 1831, to consider a proposition active member of the Bideford and Apple- to provide this Boat with a house, to dore Committee until quite recently. It remunerate those instrumental in saving was owing to his energetic representations life, and to keep the Boat in the utmost that the efficiency of the Life-boats at state of efficiency. At this meeting the Appledore and Braunton were pnt on a FBBRTJAKY 2, 1891.] THE LIFE-BOAT. 447

better and a more effective footing, to take the place of the Hope, which was meet any probable emergency that might stationed at Appledore in 1862. The arise. latter boat was condemned as unfit for The North Devon Society, during its further service at the latter end of 1890, twenty-four years of separate existence, did having saved 59 lives. A Boat is now all that it was possible to do with the building to replace her. No. 2, 34 feet slender income at its disposal, which only by 74 feet, pulling 10 oars, in 1885. Up amounted to £30 a year. Yet with these to the present she has saved 4 lives, and slender resources, increased by occasional No. 3, that at Braunton, 34 feet by 8 feet, donations from time to time, the Society also pulling 10 oars, in 1885, credited erected two Boat-houses, built carriages, with 34 lives. In 1889 the Bideford and maintained their Boats, rewarded their Appledore Branch was reorganized. One men, and subscribed £120 towards a new of the two Boats stationed on the Boat, and during that period of twenty-four Northam Burrows was transferred to years their Life-boats were instrumental Badsteps, and accommodated with a new in saving 107 lives. house and slipway, whence it launches The present Life-boats at Appledore directly into the river. The plot of and Braunton were sent to their stations ground on which the house stands was —No. 1, Temporary Boat, 31 feet long generously presented to the Institution by and 7J feet beam, pulling 10 oars, to Mr. Chappie of Appledore.

ADDITIONAL STATIONS AND NEW LIFE-BOATS. ATHERFIELD, ISLE OF WIGHT. — It the boat being named after her the having been considered that a Life-boat Catherine Swift. placed at Atherfield, on the south-west The London, Brighton and South shore of the Isle of Wight, would be the Coast Eailway Company kindly gave the means of affording material assistance to Life-boat a free conveyance over their line vessels which are not unfrequently driven from London to Portsmouth, -whence it on to the ledges of rocks off that dangerous was sailed to its station on the 29th Oct. part of the coast, the BOYAL NATIONAL by the crew, who came over specially to LITE-BOAT INSTITUTION decided last year fetch it. When off St. Catherine's, they to form a Life-boat Station there. Accord- found a very heavy hollow sea in the ingly a corrugated iron boat-house has " race" there; and the coxswain and been erected on the top of the cliff—here crew afterwards reported that the boat about 76 feet high—to the face of which behaved admirably and gave them every a series of flat skids or sleepers have been satisfaction. The slipway was found to securely fastened; over these the Life- work perfectly, while not the least diffi- boat is lowered by ropes, the incline being culty was experienced in hauling the boat 1 in 3, and the distance to the beach up the steep incline and placing it in the about 240 feet. When returning to the house. A launch can be effected in about boat-house the Life-boat is hauled up by a quarter of an hour; and altogether this means of a powerful winch. The new new Life-boat Station is likely to prove a boat, which was placed on its Station in very efficient one. There are seven October last, is 31 feet long, 7J feet wide, brothers in the crew, including WILLIAM and rows 10 oars, double-banked. It COTTON the coxswain superintendent, and possesses all the latest improvements, DAVID COTTON the second coxswain. The with all the other characteristics of the two last-named men had the silver medal boats of the Institution in the way of of the Institution voted to them for their self-righting, self-ejecting water, etc. The conspicuous gallantry in going out three cost of the new boat and equipment has times in the Brighstone Grange Life-boat been defrayed from a legacy bequeathed on the 9th and 10th March, 1888, and to the Institution for the purpose by the assisting to save the lives of thirty late Mrs. SWIFT, of Kensington and Chale, persons from the ship Sirenia, of Glasgow, 448 THE LIFE-BOAT. [FEBRUARY 2, 1891. which had stranded on Atherfield Ledge viously been a procession through the during foggy and tempestuous weather. town of Swanage to the Life-boat house, on arriving at which the President of the SWANAGE, DORSET.—In December last Branch, GEORGE BURT, Esq., formerly the Life-boat placed some years since on Sheriff of London, delivered an address this Station was replaced by a new Life- to those present, in which he spoke in the boat of the latest type; provided with highest terms of the great work of the two sliding keels, also with three water- ROYAL NATIONAL LIFE-BOAT INSTITUTION, ballast tanks for use in the event of the and the noble services in saving life from drop keels having to be slipped at any shipwreck performed by our coast boat- time. The new boat, which is 37 feet men and fishermen; after which he called long and 8 feet wide, rowing 12 oars, on the rector of the parish, the Eev. T. A. is double-banked. She had a most suc- | GURNET, who conducted a short religious

cessful harbour trial in London before service appropriate to the occasion, in being despatched to the coast. The cost which a surpliced choir took part. The of the new Life-boat and its equipment ceremony of naming the boat was then has been defrayed by Lady ERLE in performed by Miss BUHT, and immediately memory of her husband, the late Bight afterwards the Life-boat, with its crew on Hon. Sir WILLIAM ERLE, P.O., Chief board, was launched into the sea, and put Justice of the Court of Common Pleas, through a series of trials in the bay, after whom the boat is named the William following which it was brought alongside Erie. the pier and capsized under a crane to On the 28th December the Life-boat demonstrate its powers of self-righting, was publicly launched at its Station for self-ejecting water, etc. In the evening the first time in the presence of many the event was celebrated by a supper at hundreds of spectators. There had pre- the Town Hall, to which nearly two FEBRUARY 2, 1891.] THE LIFE-BOAT. 449 hundred sat down, under the presidency Hargrave. The Tralee Life-boat has been of Mr. BUBT. The toast of the evening provided from a legacy bequeathed to the was that of the Institution, and Lady Institution by the late Miss L. C. SARGEN- EBLE, the donor of the new Life-boat, SON, of New Bond Street; and, in accord- which was very cordially received. ance with the wishes of the testatrix, the boat is named the Louisa and Emma. IJPGANG, NEAR WHITBY, AND ALDK- BUEGH, SUFFOLK.—A gift from a generous anonymous donor has enabled the Institu- tion to defray the cost of replacing the Life-boats at these Stations by new ones CIVIL SEEVICE LlFE-BOAT of improved form. For the former place FUND. a self-righting Life-boat 34 feet long, and 7^ feet wide, rowing 10 oars, double- AT the annual meeting of the committee banked, and provided with two water- of this fund, held on the 16th. January ballast tanks, has been provided. The last, and presided over by Mr. CHARLES Aldeburgh new boat is one of the Norfolk G. TURNER, Controller-General of Inland and Suffolk sailing Life-boat type; it Eevenue, Mr. CHABLES DIBDIN, the hono- measures 46 feet by 12^ feet, and is fitted rary secretary, reported that during the to row 14 oars when not used under sail. past year the fund had contributed to the In compliance with the request of the NATIONAL INSTITUTION the sum of £800 kind donor, these boats have been re- to complete the purchase and endowment spectively named the Upgang and the funds of the Life-boat Civil Service No. 6, Aldeburgh. 63Z. 17s. to recoup the Institution the amount expended by it during 1890 in RHOSNEIGIB, ANGLESEY, KINGSDOWNE, rewarding the crews of the Civil Service KENT, AND TBALEE BAT, IRELAND.—New boats, and 300?. towards the purchase of self-righting Life-boats have also been the Life-boat Civil Service No. 7, recently despatched to these Stations, their dimen- stationed at Kingstown. The Committee sions respectively being 34 feet by 1\ appealed for 2,100Z. to complete the feet, 40 feet by 10 feet, and 34 feet by 8 purchase and endowment funds of this feet. The two first-named boats bear boat. The boats of the fund have been the same names as their predecessors, instrumental in saving 207 lives and viz., the Tho'mas LingJtam and the Charles several vessels.

SERVICES OF THE LIFE-BOATS OF THE EOYAL NATIONAL LIFE-BOAT INSTITUTION. CLACTON-ON-SEA.—At about 6.80 A.M. the Swin towards the stranded barque. on the 3rd October, 1890, the second cox- Whilst she was making for the wreck, swain of the Life-boat reported to the two boats were seen to leave and go in coxswain superintendent that a barque the direction of the Gunfleet Lighthouse, had stranded on the S.W. Gunfleet sand, and on coming up with these boats, they and on looking at the vessel with a were found to contain the vessel's crew of telescope it was seen that she was showing eight men with their baggage. The men signals of distress. The usual sound- and their effects were taken into the Life- signals were fired to summon the crew of boat, one of the ship's boats was cut the Life-boat Albert Edward; the boat adrift, and the other, being a better one, was launched in a rough sea, a strong was taken in tow. A signal was then gale blowing from the W.S.W., and with made to the steamer Albatross, of Grimsby, all possible speed sailed to the scene of to tow the Life-boat, and the master and the wreck. She went across the Wallet crew very kindly did so, taking her as to the Gunfleet West Buoy, experiencing far as the Swin Spitway when she was some difficulty in crossing the sands, the cast off, after which sail was set and she tide being low, and then proceeded down returned to her station at 12 o'clock 450 THE LIFE-BOAT. [FEBRUARY 2,1891.

noon. Whilst in tow of the steamer the into their respective boats and returned line of the ship's boat parted, owing to to their station, which was reached the heavy sea, and the boat was lost. at 6 P.M. The wrecked vessel was the Larissa, of The Aldebnrgh Life-boat George Blyth, 315 tons, bound from North Hounsfield also put off in response to the Shields for Sheerness with a cargo of signals, and remained alongside the vessel coal. until she floated and all danger was HARWICH.—It having been reported by the crew of a smack that a vessel was ALDEBTOGH.—On the morning of the ashore on the Cork Sands, the new steam 1st November the coastguard on duty Life-boat Duke of Northumberland pro- reported that guns were being fired and ceeded to sea at 12.30 A.M., on the signal flags shown on board a vessel 8th October, taking in tow the reserve aground on the Shipwash Sands. A Life-boat temporarily placed here whilst strong N.W. breeze was blowing, theTe the station's own boat is being altered was a moderately rough sea, and the and fitted with the latest improvements. weather was hazy. The Life-boat George The Life-boats went to the Cork Light- Hounsfield was launched at 8.40, and on ship, and, having ascertained the direction reaching the vessel found her to be the in which the stranded vessel laid, pro- schooner Sensation, of and for Dover, coal ceeded to her and found her to be the laden from the north. The crew of a brigantine Ada, of Faversham, bound smack had been engaged to get the vessel from Hartlepool for London, laden with off, and the Life-boat remained by her gas coal, and carrying a crew of six men. until she floated at high water. At the master's request the Boats remained by the ship until high water, when she HARWICH.—At about 10 A.M. on the was towed off by a steam-tug and taken to 13th November the steam Life-boat Duke Harwich. The wind was blowing a fresh of Northumberland was called out and breeze from the N.E. at the time, proceeded with the Reserve No. 3 Life- accompanied by a moderate sea. boat in tow to the upper part of the Long Sand, where the three-masted schooner HARWICH and ALDEBTJRGH.—Signals Christine Elisabeth, of Haugesund, bound having been fired by the Cork Light- from Rotterdam for Moluccas, East Indies, vessel, the Harwich steam Life-boat Duke with a general cargo, was found stranded. of Northumberland, with the reserve Boat A pilot cutter and a steam-tug were Jyiag in tow, went out at 4 A.M., on the 20th abreast of her; and the master and mate October, proceeded to the Light-ship, and of the schooner were found to be in the was informed that a vessel was on the tug's boat which also contained the middle of the Shipwash Sand. A moderate master of the cutter and a pilot, the gale was blowing from the N.W., there remainder of the ship's crew, four men, was a heavy sea, and the weather was being on board the pilot cutter. The clear and frosty. On nearing the sand four men in the tag's boat were taken on the Life-boat men observed a tar-barrel board the steam Life-boat, The Life- burning on. board the vessel which had boat men then got on board the vessel, stranded, and they at once made for her; worked at the pumps, and prepared hex for the reserve Boat was towed alongside, and towing off at the next tide. At midnight the master engaged the services of the the schooner was towed off, and was taken Life-boat crews to lighten the ship, which between the Cork and Bough Buoys, when was the s.s. Achilles, of Sanderland, 913 the weather became very foggy, rendering tons, bound from Eiga for London with a it necessary to anchor until daybreak, cargo of railway sleepers, and having a when the fog cleared off. The vessel crew of twenty-one men. A portion of was then got under weigh, and Harwich the cargo was thrown overboard, and at was reached at 8.80 A.M. high tide the vessel floated. The steam Life-boat and the steam-tug Harwich then EHOSNKIGIB, ANGLESEY.—The smack took her in tow and got her clear of the Dims, of and from Carnarvon for Ehos- sand, and she resumed her voyage to neigir,in ballast, with a crew of two men, London. The Life-boat men were taken was driven on the rocks in a heavy sea 2, 1891.] THE LIFE-BOAT. 451 and a moderate S.S.W. wind on the accompanied by rain, rockets were fired 13th October. Six men put off in a shore- from the Cross Sand Light-vessel. The boat to her assistance and tried for some Caister No. 2 Life-boat Godsend was at hours to get her afloat. Their efforts once launched, sailed towards the light- however failed, and as the sea was ship, and on her way observed a large becoming heavier and the wind was four-masted ship, which proved to be the increasing at 7.30 P.M., they were obliged Nile, of Glasgow, bound from Calcutta for to make signals for he]p. The Bhosneigir Hull with a cargo of wheat and linseed, Life-boat was thereupon launched, brought and having a crew of thirty persons, ashore the eight men, and succeeded in stranded on the inside of the Cross Sand getting the vessel to a sheltered position. with a heavy sea breaking all round her. The Life-boat men boarded her, and their PEEL, ISLE OF MAN.—The schooner services were at once engaged to assist in Richard, of Buncorn, coal laden, from getting the ship afloat. Some steam-tugs Whitehaven for Killough, with a crew of afterwards arrived, the Caister No. 1 Life- three men, was seen running for the boat Covent Garden was sent for, and on harbour during a strong gale from the the following morning at 7 o'clock, some N.W. and a heavy sea on the morning of of her cargo having been thrown over- the 16th October. She had only a top board, the vessel was got off the sand, and sail which was much torn, all her other anchored in Yarmouth Roads. sails having apparently been carried away, and as it was feared that she would be At about 1 P.M. on the 19th November unable to round the breakwater, and in guns were heard in the direction of the that case would be completely wrecked, Cross Sand. The wind was blowing a the Life-boat John Monk pnt off at 9.30, moderate breeze from the W.S.W., the sea boarded her as she entered the bay, and was moderate and the weather was very assisted in getting out her anchor, etc. thick. A yawl put off and sailed to the A large fishing-boat then arrived on the sand where the steamer Carthagena, of and scene, and took a rope from the schooner for London from Cronstadt, with a cargo to the pier, and, with the combined help of wood, was found stranded. An attempt of the Life-boat men, fishermen and men was made to get the vessel afloat at high on shore, the disabled vessel was got safely water but it failed, and at dusk the master into port. requested the yawl to return to the shore and send out the Life-boat to remain by NOBTH BEBWICK.—On the morning of him during the night. The No. 1 Life- Sunday the 19th October, a small boat boat Covent Garden was launched at 7 P.M., was observed in the Firth of Eorth, and laid by the vessel until at 1.30 on the apparently making for the shore, and as following morning she was got off and was there was a heavy sea on the coast, the taken into Yarmouth Roads. chief officer of coastguard hoisted a red flag to warn, her not to attempt to land. EUNSWICK.—At 5.30 P.M. on the 29th The Life-boat Fergus Ferguson was 'taken October three fishing cobles belonging to out, but as the tide was low the boat had Staithes, which were unable to land there to be conveyed on her transporting owing to the heavy sea, arrived at Runs- carriage some distance along the beach wick, and their crews reported that three before a launch could be effected. On other cobles were following them, and reaching the boat she was found to contain asked that the Life-boat might be sent out seven, men, the crew of the steam trawler to assist them. The Life-boat Margaret Restless Wave, of Granton, which had and Edward was therefore launched, pro- foundered about four miles from May ceeded to the bar and accompanied the Island. They were much exhausted and three boats to the shore. were taken into the Life-boat, which then made for the harbour, arriving there at BOULMEB, NOBTHUMBEBLAND. The about 2 P.M. schooner Katharine, of Banff, bound from Bo'ness for Poole with a cargo of coal, CAISTEB, NORFOLK.—At about 5.30 A.M. struck on the North Steel Bocks, off on the 29th October, during a strong Boulmer, in a S.S.E. wind and a high sea, breeze from the W.S.W.,and thick weather on the morning of the 2nd November, 452 THE LIFE-BOAT. [FEBBUABY 2, 1891.

foggy weather having obscured the lights. taken into the Life-boat and landed at The Life-boat Eobin Hood of Nottingham, about 6 A.M. At noon another call was was launched at about 4 o'clock, proceeded received, and the boat again went out, and to the vessel, and finding her stranded rescued the crew of three men from the and full of •water, took off her crew of five schooner Henry, of Dublin, four men from men, aud brought them safely to land. the Renown, of Swansea, and three men from the John Herbert, of Carnarvon, all HOLY ISLAND.—On the night of the 6th of which were in danger of breaking from, November a tar barrel was seen burning their moorings. near the shore opposite Ross Links. The wind was blowing •with, almost hurricane GOBLESTON.—Sockets and guns were force from S. by E., rain and sleet were fired by the Cockle and Middle Cross falling, and the night was intensely dark. Sand and St. Nicholas Light-vessels, oa ' The inhabitants of the village were roused the morning of the 7th November. A by sound rockets being fired, and the No. 1 strong gale was then blowing from S.W. Life-boat Grace Darling was launched, by S., the sea was very heavy and the but so furious was the gale that it was weather was thick, accompanied by rain. found to be impossible to make any head- The Life-boat Mark Lane was launched way. Her crew therefore crossed the at 2.20, and, on speaking the last-named harbour in her, taking with them a coble Light-vessel, learned that flares had been containing fishermen, and hastened to man seen in the direction of the Middle Cross and launch the No. 2 Life-boat, the Sand. Crossing the Scroby Sand at very Bombay, and try whether their efforts great risk the Life-boat men sighted a would be effectual with that boat. With vessel, which proved to be the B.B. Boldal, the help of the coble's crew, who had to of Stavanger, coal laden from Methell for go shoulder deep into the water, the boat Gravelines. She had grounded on the was launched, reached the vessel, over outside of the sand, and had been driven which the heavy seas were making a over it for two hours to the spot where clean sweep from stem to stern, and, with she was found on the inside of the sand, considerable difficulty, the boat being and had eight feet of water in her hold. frequently dashed against the wreck and With considerable difficulty and risk, having her bow damaged thereby, rescued occasioned by the vessel rolling heavily, the crew consisting of five men. The the crew, numbering twelve men, were vessel was the schooner Flower of Ross, of taken into the Life-boat, and,' as there Inverkeithing, bound from London for appeared a likelihood of the ship being Leith with a cargo of cement and forced into deep water, the boat remained whiting. near her in company with the Caister Life-boat, which had also arrived on the MOELFBE, ANQI/ESEI.—A very severe scene. As had been anticipated, the gale from the N.N.W. was experienced on vessel floated, but, being wholly un- the 6th and 7th November, and the Life- manageable, she drifted on to the back of boat Star of Hope put off to the assistance the Scroby Sand, filled with water, and of five distressed vessels, and rescued their became a hopeless wreck. The Life-boat crews numbering in all seventeen men. then made sail and stood in to windward The boat was first called out at 7 P.M. on of the Cockle Light-ship, where she was the 6th, and proceeded through ar heavy taken in tow and brought into pan by sea which almost continually filled her, the steam-tog Express, of Yarmouth. to the assistance of the schooner Shisboy which had been in collision with another FLEETWOOD.—On the 7th November vessel. The crew of three men were, at one of the severest storms known for their request, taken into the Life-boat and years was experienced on this part of the placed for safaty on board another vessel. Coast of Lancashire. "While it was at The boat returned ashore at about 11 P.M. its height signals of distress were observed and at 1.20 A.M., was again launched to throe miles out at sei on "Bernard's assist the Not Forgot, of Chester, bound Wharf." The Life-boat signal gun was from Dublin for Preston with a cargo of fired, and the No. 1 Life-boat on this barley, •which was in danger of parting station, the Child of Hole, was manned her cables. Her crew of four men were and launched at 6 o'clock in the morning,

4.54: THE LIFE-BOAT. [FEBRUARY 2, 1891. and was soon proceeding on her errand wreck reached the Life-boat Station. of mercy in tow of the steam-tug Wardleys. Nothing daunted by their rough ex- The few spectators witnessed a fine sight, perience in the early morning, the crew the wares dashing1 furJonsly over the again donned their life-belts and manned boat as she ploughed her -way through the No. 2 Life-boat Edith, which is a the water, astern of the steamer. It was large self-righting sailing boat. They were almost dark at the time, and soon they again towed by the steamer Wardhys, and were lost to sight by those on shore, who were much cheered by the crowd that had kept an eager look-out for the straaded once more assembled. "A magnificent vessel. It was not until nearly seven sight was again witnessed, as the steamer o'clock that the hull of the barque loomed and .Life-boat dashed through the broken in sight to those ashore, and it was water in the channel, and by the time evident that but for the galJaat services the Lighthouse was reached both were of the Life-boat men the crew would be often lost to sight by the seas breaking lost. Having got well to windward the over them. Begardless of the drenching steamer let the Life-boat go, to drift they received they held on their way, and gradually down on the barque. Here came soon the distance of five miles was covered, the danger, and it required the most care- and the Life-boat gradually dropped ful seamanship on the part of Coxswain down on the stranded barque, which Wright and MB crew to prevent the Life- proved to be the New Brunswick. The boat being dashed either against the crew hailed with heartfelt thankfulness ill-fated barque, or shooting past the the approach of the Life-boat, but some mark. When within a short distance, difficulty was experienced in effecting the the boat was brought to an anchor, and rescue, as all the masts and rigging were allowed to float within 50 and 100 yards still dashing alongside the ship. To of the wreck, which was discovered to avoid the wreckage striking the Life- be the barque Lobora, of Egersund, boat, and at the same time to get suffi- bound with logwood, for Fleetwood. ciently near for the sailors to jump The work of rescue at once began, and aboard, required great skill and judgment, as it was utterly impossible either to as well as a cool head and steady neive. board the barque from the Life-boat, or Fortunately the crew of 11 men were the Life-boat from the barque, the only eventually got into the boat, notwith- mode left was to drag the crew- through standing that the seas were breaking the water by ropes. A communication furiously over the stranded barque and of this kind was established by the crew into the Life-boat. The return journey of the Labor a throwing a buoy overboard was at once made, the Life-boat being with a xope attached, and this floated to towed part of the way and sailing the the Life-boat. All the crew, who were remainder. The crew were landed safely on deck—numbering 13 in all—were at Fleetwood, but in a most exhausted rescued in this way, the captain being condition; it is probable that all would the last to leave the ship. That this have been lost but for the timely arrival was accomplished without the loss of a of the Life-boat. The Life-boats acted single life is greatly to the credit of the splendidly in the enormous seas they had Life-boat men, but for whose brave to encounter, and gave the greatest efforts and untiring exertions the Nor- satisfaction to their gallant crews. wegians •would have found a watery grave. The work of rescue lasted above two POBTMADOO. — During a heavy gale hours, during which time the boat was from the N.N.W., on the morning of the filled with water, as she was repeatedly 7th November, the schooner Louisa, was deluged with the waves. The Life-boat observed in the direction of the North having accomplished her object, the cox- Bank. At 8 o'clock the Life-boat CwdvM swain hoisted sail and made all speed for was launched, -went to the vessel and, at Fleetwood, where he landed the rescued the request of the master, stood by her crew amid the ringing cheers of the until 4 P.M., when a steam-tog from spectators, who, notwithstanding the gale Poitmadoe arrived and took her in tow. and driving rain, had by this time assembled in hundreds along the beach. PENMOH, ANGLESEY.—On the morning A few hours later intelligence of another of the 7th November the Life-boat FEBRUARY 2, 1891.] THE LIFE-BOAT. 455

Christopher Brown was called out on department under the Government and service, a vessel being observed in dis- not as in England, where the Eocket tress, but, on reaching her, assistance Apparatus is worked by the men of the was declined. A whole gale was blowing Coastguard Service, under the manage- at the time, the sea was rough and the ment of the Board of Trade, and the Life- weather showery and very cold, and as boat service of the country is almost several disabled vessels were running into entirely carried on by the EOYAL NATIONAL the Straits the Life-boat cruised about LIFE - BOAT INSTITUTION, a charitable ready to help any of them if it became agency, wholly supported by voluntary necessary. About 10 o'clock the schooner contributions. Undaunted, of Plymouth, came in with a It appears that on the coast of Denmark, signal flying, she having lost her anchors, during the 38 years comprised in the and drifted to leeward on the Lavan period above-mentioned, 2,354 vessels Sands. The Life-boat bore down on her, were stranded, on board of which were and took off her crew of five men. The 18,567 persons, and out of that number boat then tried to beat to windward, but, 993 lives were lost, or about 1 in every after several tacks, she was caught by a 19 persons whose lives werfc thus en- sudden squall and capsized; she, however, dangered. soon righted herself, her crew and those The losses were made up as follows, whom they had rescued regained her, and vie., 541 seamen perished as the result of the boat was beached at Aber where all their vessels breaking up, 228 were lost landed. while making for the shore in their own boats before assistance could be rendered from the land, and 224 were killed by EAMSET.—Daring a violent gale from falling spars, &c., or were washed over- the N. and a rough cross sea with heavy board by the heavy breakers when their rain-squalls, a signal of distress was vessels were stranded. observed on the steam dredger Walter Turning to the brighter side of the Bibby, of Preston, which was riding picture, i.e. the lives saved, we find that heavily at anchor a mile and a half S.E. the Life-boats belonging to the Danish of the harbour on the morning of the Life-saving Service were the means of 7th November. The Life-boat Two saving, in the same period, 2,364 lives, Sisters was promptly launched, and, after while the Eocket Apparatus of .the Service encountering some difficulty, owing to landed 2,307 men, in addition, to contri- the violent gusts of wind and the rolling buting to the rescue of 68 of those of the dredger, took off the crew of brought ashore in the Life-boats. Further, fifteen men and landed them in safety shore-boats and other private assistance about a mile and a half S. of Eamsey, it from the land contributed to the saving being found impossible to beat back to of 3,815 lives, and finally, the large her Station. number of 9,088 rescued men is accounted for either by the stranded vessels being extricated from their perilous positions or the mariners being enabled to land in safety by their own unaided exertions, by THE DANISH LIFE-SAVING SERVICE. the help of their own boats and lines, or by swimming ashore. FROM a communication received a short We think the Danish Life-saving Ser- time since from Horr ANDERSEN, the vice may fairly lay claim to high commen- Inspector of the Danish Life-saving Ser- dation for the great success that has vice, we learn that on the occasion of the attended their organization, and we visit of H.M. The KING OF DENMARK to strongly recommend them to " go on and the Skaw, on the 24th July last, a tabu- prosper," assuring them that they have lated statement was prepared showing the the hearty good wishes of the BOYAL good work that had been accomplished NATIONAL LIFE-BOAT INSTITUTION, which by the Service from its establishment in will in the future as in the past be 1851, up to the 31st March, 1889. ever ready to co-operate with them in In Denmark the work of saving life their humane and increasingly important from shipwreck is concentrated in one work. 456 THE LIFE-BOAT, [FJSBBUABY 2, 1891.

Beported that the Drogheda No. 1 and Poolbeg Life-boats had been altered and fitted S0MMABT OF THE with all modem improvements and returned to their stations. Also that the new Steam Life-boat DuJte of MEETINGS OF THE COMMITTEE. Nortliumberlemd, built for the Institution by Messrs. B. and H. GBEBN, of BlackwalL, had been placed at Harwich. Paid 5,2241. for sundry charges on various Life-boat establishments. THUBBDAY, 9th October, 1890. Voted 931. Is. Qd. to pay the expenses of the Grorleston No. 2, Abersoch, Rhoscolyn, Clacton- Colonel FiTzKoY CLAYTON, V.P., in the Chair. on-Sea, and the Harwich Steam and Keserve Life-boats in rendering the following services:— Bead and confirmed the Minutes of the previous Meeting. Lives Also read those of the Finance and Corre- saved spondence, Building and Wreck and Reward Dandy Belinda, of Great Yarmouth . . 6 Sub-Committees and ordered their recommen- Schooner President Garfield, of Amlwch 4 dations to be carried into effect. S.S. Columbian, of Liverpool. Remained Bead the reports of the District Inspectors of by vessel. Life-boats on their recent visits to the following Boats of the Barque Larissa, of Blyth . 8 stations:— Brigantine Ada, of Faversham. Re- Northern District — Dunbar, Cullercoats, mained by vessel. Boker and Kildonan. The Groomsport and Bamsgate Life-boats Eastern District—Bamsgate, Southend (two respectively assisted to save the ketch Sobah, boats), Walton-on-Naze, Clacton-on-Sea, Oaister of Falmoath, and her crew of 3 men, and the (two boats), Palling (two boats), Harwich (two s.s. Grimm, of Hamburg. boats), Yarmouth, Gorleston (two boats), Pake- Voted also 130J. 15«. to pay the expenses field (two boats) and Kessingland (three of the Mablethorpe, Braunton, Dunmore East, boats). Broadstairs, Kingsdowne, Church Cove, Cadg- Western District—Penzance, Sennen, Hayle, with, Claeton-on-Sea, Winterton No. 2 and St. Ives, Porthleven, Falmouth, Looe, Fowey, Penarth Life-boats in. assembling their otewft Newquay (Cornwall), Padatow, Port Istmc, or putting off, ia reply to signals, to the help of Porthoustock, Polpear, Mullion, Cadgwith, vessels which did not eventually need their Church Cove and Mevagissey. services. Irish District—Dungarran, Bamsey, Queens- Also 27. to eight men for putting off in two town (two boats), Courtmacsherry, Ballycottor>, boats and saving a boat, containing three Youghal, Ardmore and Camsore. persons, which was being rapidly carried out to Beported the receipt of the following special sea off Ll&ndudno, North Wales, during a stiff contributions since the last meeting:— S.W. breeze and a strong ebb tide, on the 20th September. The boat was half full of £ s. d. water and her occupants were much exhausted A LADY, further on behalf of the when rescued. endowment of the Whitbnrn Life- Also 11. 10s. to six men for putting off in a boat 100 - - boat and saving a boy from a boat which was «M. E. A." 25 - - disabled off Courtroacaberry, Co. Cork, in a "E. A. B." 10 - - strong breeze from the N.W. and a rough sea, Collection on board the B.s. St. on the llth August. Sunniva, of Aberdeen, Captain Also 15s. to two men for rescuing three J. ANGUS, on Sunday, 29th June 276 persons whose boat had been disabled off Spit- —To be severally thanked. head, in a moderate breeze and a rough sea, on Also the receipt of a legacy of 500?. be- the 21st May. queathed to the Institution by the late JOHN Also 41. to a man who was injured at the GREENHALGH, Esq., of St. Anne's-on-Sea. launch of the Kilmore Life-boat at exercise, on Great regret was expressed at the death of the 12th September. Mr. WILLIAM TOUT, who had been Honorary Also 2Z. 15s. to pay the medical expenses of Secretary of the Filey Branch of the Institution a man injured at the exercise of the Eyemouth for six years and it was decided to send a Life-boat, on the 9th October. letter of sympathy to his family. Voted th« thanks of the Institution to the Eev. J. F. WILKINSON, M.A., in recognition of THURSDAY, 13th November. his valuable co-operation during the long period of nineteen years in which he occupied Sir EDWABD BIBKBECK, Bart., M.P., V.P., SB | the office of Honorary Secretary of the Flam- the Chair. borough Branch. Bead and confirmed the Minutes of the Bead letter from the Honorary Secretary of previous meeting. the Orme's Head Branch, of the 2nd October, Also read those of the Finance and Corre- stating that Her Majesty the QUEEN OF Boc- spondence, Building and Wreck and Beward MANIA had contributed 10Z. towards the support Sub-Committees and ordered their recommen- of the Life-boat at that station. dations to be carried into effect. 2, 1891.] THE LIFE-BOAT. 457

Bead the reports of the District Inspectors of The Committee also specialty recognised the Life-boats ou their visits to the following good services rendered by Mr. JAMES PALTBIDSE Stations •.— during the ten years he occupied the post of Northern District—Tynemouth (two boats), coxswain of the Hastings Life-boat. Sunderland (two boats), Eyemouth, Crail and Beported the transmission to their Stations St. Andrews. of the Atherfield and Tramore new Life-boats. Eastern District—Dunwich, South-wold (two Decided, that in accordance with the sug- boats) and Atherfield. gestion of the coxswain and crew of the Western District—Weymouth, Jersey, Guern- Gorleston No. 2 Life-boat, a small surf Life- sey, Burnham, Lyme Regis and Sidmouth. boat be stationed] on Gorleston beach, at the Irish District — Aranmore, Greencastle, north entrance of the river, it being considered Portrush, Groomsport, Ballywalter, Cloughey that such, a boat would greatly facilitate Bay, Newcastle and Tyrella (Dundrum Bay), rendering assistance to vessels on the North Fleetwood (two boats), Barrow, Seascale, Bank. Whitehaven, Workingtou, Maryport and Paid 9,7302. 14s. 6

4; and schooner Port on, of Whiteha ven, assisted Also 1001. to the widow of a man who was to save vessel. accidentally killed by being run over by the (Accounts of many of these services -will be Orme's Head Life-boat carriage when the boat foimd on pages 450-455.) was being taken out for service on the 7th Voted also 5181, 4s. 2d. to pay the expenses November. of the Walton-on-the-Naze, Aldeburgh, Salt- Also 21. to one of the crew of the Peel Life- bum, Walmer, Otomer, Winterton No. 2, North. boat who was injured while on service in the Deal, Broadatairs, Harwich, Kingsdowne, boat on the 16th October. Gorlesfon No. 1, Lowestoft No. 2, Hauxley, Also 51. to one of the crew of the Ramsey Jersey, Clovelly, Staithes, Caister No. 2, St. Life-boat who was injured while in the boat on. Ires, Workington, Cadgwith, New Brighton service on the 7th November. No. 2, Mablethorpe, Lytham, Penarth, Padstow, Portrush, Lydd, Llanddulas and Ilfracombe Life-boats in assembling their crews or putting THUBSDAY, llth December. off in reply to signals of distress, their services Colonel FiTzRoy CLATTON, V.-P., in the Chair. ultimately not being required. Read and confirmed the minutes of the The Ramsgate Life-boat was taken out on previous meeting. two occasions, but her services were not needed. Also read those of the Finance and Corre- Voted the Silver Medal of the Institution, spondence, Building and Wreck and-Reward accompanied by a copy of the vote inscribed on Sub-Committees and ordered their recommen- vellum, to WILLIAM M. PRESTON, Esq., Treasurer dations to be carried into effect. and Honorary Secretary of the Anglesey Branch, Read the report of the Chief Inspector of in acknowledgment of his general gallant Life-boats on his recent visits to the Orme's services in saving life from shipwreck and Head, Penmon and Llanddulas Stations. particularly for going out in the Penmon Life- Also the report of the Deputy Chief Inspector boat and assisting to rescue the crew of five of Life-boats on his visit to the Badsteps men of the schooner Undaunted, of Plymouth, Station. in a severe gale on the 7th November. Also the reports of the District Inspectors of Also the Silver Medal and a copy of the vote Life-boats on their recent visits to the following inscribed on vellum to SIDNEY ABBOTT and stations:— ROBERT HODGE for putting off at great risk in Northern District—North Sunderland, Bam- a small boat and gallantly rescuing two men barg-h Oastle, Hanxley, Boulmer, Blytb (two from a boat which had been capsized off Clo- boats), Cresswell, Kewbiggin and Alnmouth. velly, Devonshire, in a gale from the N.N.E., Eastern District—Harwich, Barmston, Brid- and a heavy sea, on the 5th November. lingtim Quay, Filey, Flamborough (two boats), Also the Silver Medal and a copy of the Withernsea, Hornsea, Scarborough, Robin vote inscribed on vellum to JOHN JONES, Hood's Bay, Runswick, Whitby (two boats), HUSH WILLIAMS, WILLIAM WILLIAMS (Quarry- Upgang and Grimsby. man), WILLIAM WILLIAMS (Grocer), and JOHN Western District—Exmouth, Brixham, Tor- EOBBBTS, and 16J. to these and five other quay, Teignrnouth, Yealm Biver, Plymouth, men in acknowledgment of their gallant and Hope Cove, Salcombe and Dartmouth. determined services in putting off in a shore- Irish District—Southport (two boats), Ly- boat on the occasion of the wreck of the schooner tiiam, St. Anne's, Blackpool, New Brighton, Ocean, Queen, of Padstow, off Llanddulas, in a Bull Bay, Cemaes, Penmon and Moelfre. whole gale from the N.W., and a very heavy Reported the receipt of 1,40(M. from an anony- sea on the 7th November. Seven times the boat mous donor to defray the cost of the Aldeburgh was launched, the crew being frequently and Upgaiig new Life-boats. The boats to be changed, and it almost seemed that all efforts named respectively the Aldeburgh and the to reach the vessel would be ineffectual; but Upgang. on the eighth occasion the rescue of the ship- —To "be ihanlced. wrecked men was happily accomplished. Also that " P. J. N." had presented to the The sum of 21 was also granted to the owner Institution three. $ 1000 bonds of the Grand of the boat used on the occasion to enable him Rapids and Indiana (U. S.), Railway, worth ap- to repair the damage it received. proximately 700J. Also the Silver Medal and copy of the vote —To 6e thanked. inscribed on vellum to E. 0. KEBK", Esq., Hono- Also the receipt of the following other special rary Secretary of the Ramsey Branch, and to Mr. EOBEBT GABBETT, Coxswain of the Bamsey contributions since the last meeting:— Life-boat, in acknowledgment of their gallant £ s. A. services in the boat, egpecialiy on the occasion Anonymous 100 - - of the rescue of the crews of the Walter Bffiby, Independent Order of ODD FELLOWS of Preston, and Margaret, of Belfast, on the (M. U.) annual subscription . . 50 - - 7th and llth November. Ditto, donation 13 9 6 Also 151. to four crews who manned a fishing COVENT GARDEN Life-boat Fund boat and rescued sixteen persons from four per JAMES WEBBEB, Esq., addi- vessels which were in distress off Moelfre., tional ...... 50 - - Anglesey, during a gale from the N.N.W., and " 0. R. S." per Pakefield Branch . 50 - - a very rough sea on the 7th November. Proceeds of Concert by TAPLOW Also 11. to two men for rescuing a man whose GKAMMAB SCHOOL BOTS, per ED- boat had been capsized in Plymouth Sound in a WAKD DrKE, Esq 11- strongbreeze and a rough sea on the 15th October. FEBBUABY 2,1891.] THE LUTE-BOAT. 459

Also the receipt of the following legacies:— Winterton Nos. 1 and 2, Palling No. 1, Clacton, Harwich, Cullercoats, Caister No. 1, St. Andrews, £. «. d. Teignnxouth, Lowestoft No. 2, Bye and Penarth The late Mrs. ELIZA BOHROCGHES, of Life-boats in assembling their crews or putting Norwood 570 - - off to the aid of vessels on occasions when their The late Misa MELISCENT FIELDEK services were not ultimately required. of Montague Square .... 500 - -- The Kamsgate Life-boat was also taken out in reply to signals, but no service was ren- Regret was expressed at the death of Mr. dered. EENEST F. FRERE, who had been Honorary Voted the Silver Medal of the Institution Secretary of the Great Ysrmoath Branch of the accompanied by a copy of the vote inscribed on Institution for about three years and it was vellum, to Mr. JAMES FOGG, master of the fishing decided to send a letter of sympathy to his smack Osprey; the Silver Medal, vellum and family. 21. to GEOBGE WILKINSON, one of the crew, and Voted the thanks of the Committee to 1Z. to J. K. THOMASOJT, boy cook, in acknow- WILLIAM COGHLAN, Esq., G. F. FELTON, Esq., ledgment of their gallantry in attempting to H. T. DONALDSON, Esq., and W. H. H^BGBEAVES save the lives of the crew of the schooner Jean Esq., in recognition of their past valuable co- Campbett, of Wigton, which was in distress in operation as Honorary Secretaries, respectively Morecambe Bay, in a strong gale from the of the Wexford, Orme's Head, Moray Firth and N.N.W., and a heavy sea, on the 7th November. St. Anne's Branches of the Institution. Whilst the O&prey was returning home, having Also the Silver Medal, a copy of the vote lost her jib and mainsail, the distressed vessel inscribed on vellum, and a money grant, to Mr. was sighted, and on being appealed to for help Joaif HUGHES on his resigning the post of Cox- Captain Fooa caused his punt to be launched. swain of the Bull Bay late-boat, -which he had The boat was manned by GEORGE WILKINSON, filled for twenty-three years. During that and two other men and with, great difficulty period he had assisted in the Life-boat to save took off the schooner's crew consisting of three forty-two lives. men; but in returning to the smack, the punt Eeported the transmission to their stations of was swamped and of her sis occupants only the Swanage and Upgang new Life-boats. GEOBGE WILKINSON was saved. He was rescued Also that the Queenstown No. 1 and Wex- by Captain FOGG, assisted by the boy; but the foid No. 2 Life-boats had been altered and fitted j smack having been further disabled and there with all modern, improvements and returned to j being only the master and the boy on board, their Stations. the other men drifted to windward and it was Paid 2,726;. Hi. 6d. for snndry charges oa unhappily impossible to save them. varions Life-boat establishments. Also the Silver Medal of the Institution and Voted 1701. 3s. to pay the expenses of the a copy of the vote inscribed on vellum to Mr. Donna Nook, Lydd, North Deal, Holyhead j BOBEKT WRIGHT, Coxswain of the Fleetwood No. 2, Newbiggin, Drogheda No. 2 and Win- j Life-boats, who had held that office twelve chelsea Life-boats in rendering the following j years and had been connected with the service, services:— j having been formerly one of the crew, more Lives ! than thirty years. Also the Silver Medal and a copy of the vote Schooner Slieltiel, of Guernsey. Re- on vellum, to Mr. BOBEBT BOBEKTS, Coxswain mained by vessel. of the Penmon Life-boat, in recognition of his S.S. Calypso, of Bristol . 14 services on the occasion of the rescue of the Barque Terpisehore, of SandefjorJ .. . . 15 crew of the schooner Undaunted, of Plymouth, Barque liwliksvall, of Hudiksvall . . 16 on the 7th November and for his long and good Newbiggin fishing cobles. Eendered as- services in the Life-boat, extending over a period sistance. of thirty-four years. Steamer Colleen Bawn, of Drogheda. Also the Silver Medal, copy of vote on vellum Kemained by vessel. and II. to PETES FBBNIE and WILLIAM BIACH, Steam-tug No. 15, of Plymouth . . . 6 and 11. each to five other men for wading into the water and at great risk rescuing the crew The Lydd, Harwich, Caister No. 1, Winterton of three men from the German smack Industrie, No. 2, Bamsgate, Winehelsea, and Kessingland which had stranded near Cluny Harbour, Buckle, No. 1 Life-boats rendered the following services : j in a strong N.N.E. gale, and a very rough sea Barque Erwin Biekmers, of Geestemunde, on the night of the 26th October. rendered assistance: schooner Christine Elisa- , Also the Silver Medal and vellum to DAVID betli, of Haugesund, assisted to save vessel; ROBERTS for going out with other men in a steamer Carthagena, of London, remained by shore-boat on two occasions to the rescue of the vessel; s.s. Etta, of West HartJeporf, assisted , crew of the Ocean Queen, of Padstow, which had to save vessel and 19; schooner Laura and '• stranded off Llanddulas in a gale from the Isabel, of Troon, assisted to save vessel and 6 ; '• N.W. on the 7th November. steam-tug No. 15, of Plymouth, assisted to save ! Also 31. to six men for rescuing the crew of vessel; and steamer Empress, of Dublin, assisted 1 four men from the schooner Alexandria, of to save vessel and crewel?. Liverpool, which stranded near Bed Wharf Voted 536J. 7s. to pay the expenses of the Bay, Anglesey, in a whole gale from the N.N.W. Cemlyn, Seaton Carew, Rhyl No. 2, Shoreham, ' and a very heavy sea on the 7th November. Gorleston No. 1, Hythe, Cemaes, Clovelly, Also II. 10s. to two men for rescuing the crew NewEomney, Walmer, North Deal, Broadstairs, of three men of the schooner Lord Mostyn, of 4:60 THE LIFE-BOAT. [FEBBUABY 2, 1891.

Liverpool, which sunk off Moeifve, in a whole The winds and snow in angry war gale from the N.N.W., and a very heavy sea OB Flung it into the seething gea, the 7th November. Which thundered back in mockery. Also 10s. to two men for taking the places of At last the boat was launched, but vain, two absentees of the crew of a coastguard boat Lite a frail reed 'twas rent in twain. at Portreath, which was launched with the view With sky and sea it could not cope, of assisting a man who had gone out fishing in But vanished with their last faint hope. a small boat in a moderate W. breeze, and a A little lad was with the crew, moderate sea on the 24th September. A fair-haired lad, whose eyes were blue; Alao 22. to one of the crew of the Moelfre Maybe some mother's hand had parted Life-boat who was injured while on service in The rings of gold upon his brow, the boat on the 6-7th November. Her voice had bade him be brave-hearted— Also 15/. to the assistant coxswain of the Sweet voice that was his watchword now. Brighton Life-boat, who was for some time dis- The skipper, noble Bailor soul, abled by aa injury received at the exercise of Bound the lad unto the mast, the Lite-boat on the 6th October, and U. Us. Qd. And cheered him 'mid the billows roll, in repayment of medical expenses. Though hope's short season long had past. Also 51. to the coxswain of the Winchelsea I But, hark! the angry strife is done, Life-boat who was injured at the exercise of the And far above the ocean's crown, boat on the 12th November, Like spirit-faces, one by one, The pale pure stars look sweetly down; Then come the captain's words of cheer— " Bear up, my lad, the life-boat's near." Ho answer, save a bright* ning-star, WRECKED! As if the words were heard afar; SHE put to sea on Christmas Eve, Those honest words of manly cheer— And through their tears they saw her leave, " Bear up, my lad, the life-boat's near I" And in that happy time of peace Bring out the life-boat, saving hope, The strife of waters well might cease; Manned by heroes every one of them; Bat far away across the foam Briton's pride every mother's son of them; The sailor found another home. They with winds and waves will cope. No more, no more, where hearts beat warm, See now towards the wreck she steers, Shall he be welcomed from the storm. Now wives and mothers dry your tears. No more, no more a mother's tears Hope-crested now each wave appears; Shall hallow his returning kiss; Hurrah, hurrah! for thoae who gave, And through the gloom of waiting years Send up a prayer with trembling lips, No sunlit mist of promise bears, Pull OB, pull on, great hearts and brave. The earthly hope of meeting bliss. See, see \ they near the sinking ship; What hearts and hopes have passed, 0 Sea! "What meed of praise to them belong, In thy deep heart of mystery ? Who man the life-boat, aye, and well ? What rain of widowed woman's tears Could singer find a nobler song; Have fallen on thy heaving breast, Could poet sweeter story tell "What million cries of deeds undone, Than of these men who fight the wave, Of spirits freed ere grace was won, Called rightly, bravest of the brave ? Are mingled in thy wild unrest! One fight with jealous waters then, Bound like a bird for other lands, From out their graves come living men. The good ship sped—'twas Christmas Day, Yes, rescued, all but one, whose eyes And bells rang sweetly far away Looked blankly up into the skies; While she was drifting to the sands. The boy whose eyes of trustful bine And then the blinding snow came down Had won the hearts of all the crew. Fast, dazzlingly tluck and white, His clustering curls fell damply o'er And o'er the troubled waters' frown The brow fond lips would kiss no more! There came no kindly gleam of light "While on his parted lips MB breath. And, as it were, on succour's brink, Was frozen to the ice of death. The vessel fast began to sink. JFor when the'captain's words of cheer See now upon the billows' height Fell softly on his list'ning ear— She rises on the startled sight. " Bear up, my lad, the life-boat's near!" Like a grim vision of the night, 'Twas so; that bark whose golden sails Leit now to winds and waters' will, Are never torn by earthly gales, Faster and faster does she fill. Had found a shore as fair as he Oh! will no voice the tempest still ? On his last voyage long had sought. " One hope, one hope, bring out the boat," Yes, one more heart to the hungry sea, The skipper thundered 'midst the roar; But another soul in the heavenly port! The sound was strangled in his throat. KATE BEE. FEBBTJABY 2,1891.] THE LIFE-BOAT. 461

Services of the Life-boats of the Institution during 1890.

Lives 1890. saved. Jan. 8. 12.15 p.m. Steamer Torredon, of Glasgow. Dunmore East Life-boat saved . . 6 4.30 p.m. Fishing yawl Ebenezer, of Ferryden. Hontrose No. 1 Life-boat rendered assistance. 8. 5.30 p.m. Brig Primrose, of Folkestone. Caister No. 2 Life-boat remained by vessel. 10. 10.5 a.m. Yacht Blue Bock, of New Brighton. Llanddulag Life-boat saved . . 1 12. 8.45 a.m. Barque Whinlather, of Liverpool. Newhaven Life-boat remained by vessel. 14. 11.45 a.m. Cutter Zealot, of Peel. Kamsey Life-boat saved 1 14. 11.45 a.m. Schooner W. M. J., of Briton Ferry. Kamsey Life-boat saved ... 4 14. 12.30 p.m. Fishing-cobles. Newbiggin Life-boat remained afloat. 14. 3.45 p.m. Cutter Otter, of Port St. Mary. Eamsey Life-boat saved .... 4 14 3.45 p.m. Lugger Hamilton, of Kamsey. Eamsey Life-boat saved 3 14 7 p.m. Ketch Charlet Francis, of Plymouth. Padstow Life-boat remained by vessel. 14. 8.50 p.m. Schooner Thomas, of Amlwch. New Brighton No. 2 Life-boat rendered assistance. „ 20. 5 a.m. Ship Penthesilea, of Liverpool. Brannton Life-boat saved .... 31 „ 20. 7 p.m. Fishing-boat Come-on, of Gardenstown. Dornoch Life-boat saved vessel and 6 „ 23. noon. S.S. Amanda, of Greenock. Aberystwyth Life-boat saved .... 12 „ 23. 2.15p.m. Barque Ambassador, of Aberdeen. Swansea Life-boat rendered assistance. „ 25. 3 a.m. Barque Thorne, of Liverpool. Douglas No. 1 Life-boat saved ... 18 „ 25. 8a.m. Schooner Reaper, of -Dublin. Moelfre Life-boat remained by vessel. „ 26. 4.20 p.m. Barque AsJtlowe, of St. John, N.B. Swansea Life-boat rescued . . 11 ,, 27. 1.45 p.m. Steamer Marie, of Glasgow. Barmouth Life-boat put a pilot on board. Feb. 11. 6.30 p.m. Ketch Arundel Castle, of London. Gorleston No. 1 Life-boat assisted to save vessel and 5 15. noon. Fishing-boats of Holy Island. Holy Island No. 1 Life-boat rendered assistance. 15. 1 p.m. Fishing-boats. Gourdon Life-boat remained afloat. 15. 6 p.m. Ketch Lizzie, of Great Yarmouth. Hartlepool No. 3 Life-boat saved . 8 17. 10.30 p.m. S.S. State of Georgia, of Glasgow. Southend (Cantyre) Life-boat remained by vessel. 26. 12.30 p.m. Fishing-boats Sarah and Silver Eagle. Montrose No. 1 Life-boat rendered assistance. „ 27. 5 p.m. Fishing-boats. Buckie Life-boat remained afloat. Mar. 2. 4.30 p.m. Schooner Mary and Maria, of Hull. Harwich Life-boat assisted to save vessel and f 3 „ 15. 2.15 a.m. S.S. JJayle, of Aberdeen. Hauxley Life-boat rendered assistance. ,, 21.- -26. S.S. Circassian Prince, of Newcastle. Palling No. 2 and Winterton No. 2 Life-boats assisted to save vessel and 22 „ 23. 6.30 p.m. Cutter Eaglet, of Kamsgate. Shoreham Life-boat remained by vessel. „ 28. 4.15 a.m. Barque Pasteur, of Arendal. Ehosneigir Life-boat saved ....10 462 THE LIFE-BOAT. [FEBBUABr 2,1891.

Lives 1890. eaved. Apr. 6. 8.55 p.m. Schooner Dizzy Dunlop, of Portmadoc. Brighstone Grange Life-boat saved 2 „ 7. 12.55 a.m. Schooner Caboceer, of Chester. Brighstone Grange Life-boat aaved . 4 „ 8. 11.30p.m. Sloop Watson, of Goole. Skegness Life-boat saved 4 „ 8. 12.30 p.m, Barque Rock Ctt«/. Aldborough Life-boat rescued 13 „ 13.—19. 8.8. Golden Horn, of South Shields. Winterton No. 2 Life-boat assisted to save vessel. „ 14. 4.30 p.m. Galliot Cafherina, of Emden. Teignmouth Life-boat landed ... 2 „ 19. 2.15 a.m. Dandy Boy Ernest, of Great Yarmouth. Caister No. 1 Life-boat saved 6 „ 19. 10.30 a.m. Fishing-boats. Montrose No. 2 Life-boat rendered assistance. „ 21. 11.45 sum. Fishing-boats. Montrose No. 1 Life-boat remained afloat. „ 21. 4 p.m. Fishing-boats. Gotirdon Life-boat rendered assistance. „ 24. 10.40 a.m. Ship Polynesia, of Hamburg. Newhaven Life-boat saved .... 16 May 3. 6.50 p.m. Brigantine Antre», of Nantes. St. Mary's (Scilly) Life-boat assisted to save vessel and 6 „ 10. 8.30 a.m. Fishing-eoWes. Cullercoats Life-boat rendered assistance. „ 10. mid-day. Fishing-boats. Gourdon Life-boat rendered assistance and saved . . 3 „ 20. 12.30 p.m. Fishing-boats. Exmouth Life-boat rendered assistance. „ 20. 1 p.m. Fishing-boats. Salcombe Life-boat saved 3 boats and 8 June 14. 9a.m. Ketch Thomas Owen, of Portmadoc. Palling No. 2 Life-boat saved . 3 „ 14. 4.45 p.m. A pilot coble, of Scarborough. Scarborough Life-boat assisted to save boat and 4 „ 16. 10 a.m. Dandy Florence Mary, of Great Yarmouth. Caister No. 2 life-boat remained by vessel. „ SO. 12.20 p.m. Fishing-coble Jane Isabella. Newbiggin Life-boat rendered assistance. July 5. 4 p.m. Fishing-luggers Louisa and Beauty, of Brighton. Newhaven Life-boat rendered assistance. „ 7. 8.15 p.m. Smack W. H. Treherne. Carmarthen Bay Life-boat saved .... 1 „ 8. 5 a.m. Barge Evreka, of Rochester. Eastbourne Life-boat rescued. ... 4 „ 19. 6 a.m. S.S. Gulf of St. Vincent, of Greenock. Cemlyn Life-boat remained by „ 19. 6.50 a.m. S.S. Gulf of St. Vincent, of Greenock. Cemaea Life-boat remained by vessel. „ 19. 8.15a.m. S.S. Gulf of St. Vincent, of Greenock. Holyhead Life-boat saved . . 2 „ 19. 11 a.n>. Fishing-boats Edith and Alice and Don't Kiww, of Great Yarmouth. Lowestoft No. 2 Life-boat assisted to save boats and ..... 2 Aug. 9. 10.50 p.m. Dandy Favourite, of Great Yarmouth. Gorleston No. 2 Life-boat saved 5 „ 15. 8.45 a.m. Brigantine Vecta, of Harwich. Southwold No. 2 Life-boat assisted to save vessel and 5 „ 15. 12.15 p.m. Schooner General Cathcart, of Bally waiter. Port Patrick Life-boat saved 4 „ 19. 3.35 a.m. Smack Frolic, of Lowestoft. Lowestoft No, 2 Life-boat rendered assistance. „ 19. 3.35 a.m. Boat of Frolic, of Lowestoft. Lowestoft No. 2 Life-boat saved ... 2 Sept.20. 3a.m. Dandy Belinda, of Great Yarmouth. Gorleston No. 2 Life-boat rescued 6 „ 20. 9 p.m. Schooner President Garfield, of Aml-wcb.. Abersoch Life-boat saved . 4 „ 20. 9.15 p.m. Ketch Hobah, of Falmouth. Groomsport Life-boat assisted to save vessel and , 3 „ 28. 4.45 a.m. S.S. Columbian, of Liverpool. Ehoscolyn Life-boat remained by vessel. „ 28. 6.45 a.m. S.S. Grimm, of Hamburg. Kamsgate Life-boat assisted to save vessel. Oct. 3. 7a.m. Boats of the Barque Larisea, of Blyth. Olacton Life-boat rescued. . 8 „ 8. 12.30a.m. Brigantine Ada, of Faversham. Harwich Life-boats remained by vessel. „ 13. 7.30 p.m. Smack Dinas, of Carnarvon. Ehosneigir Life-boat saved vessel and . 8 . „ 16. 9.30 ».m. Schooner Bichard, of Bancorn. Peel Life-boat assisted to save vessel and 3 „ 19. 11.30 a.m. Boat of the steam trawler Beetlete Wave, of Granton. North Berwick Life-boat saved 7 „ 20. 4 a.m. S.S. Aehittes, of Sunderland. Harwich Life-boats assisted to save vessel and 21 „ 20. 7.30 a.m. S.S. Achilles, of Sunderland. Aldeburgb. Life-boat remained by vessel. „ 29. 5.30 p.m. Three fishing-cobles of Staitbes. Eunswick Life-boat rendered assist- ance. „ 29.—30. Ship Nile, of Glasgow. Caister Nos. 1 and 2 Life-boats rendered assistance. Nov. 1. 8.40 a.m. Schooner Sensation, of Dover. Aldeburgh Life-boat remained by vessel. „ 2. 4 a.m. Schooner Katharine, of Banff. Boalmer Life-boat saved .... 5 „ 6. 7 p.m. Schooner Shisboy. Moelfre Life-boat saved 3 „ 7. 1 a.m. Schooner Flower of Boss, of Inverkeithing. Holy Island No. 2 Life- boat rescued 5 „ 7. 1.20 a.m. Not Forgot, of Chester. Moelfte Life-boat saved 4 „ 7. 2.20 a.m. 8.8. BoMctl, of Stavanger. Gorleston No. 1 Life-boat saved. ... 12 2,1891.] THE LIFE-BOAT. 463

Lives 1890. eared. Nov. 7. 6.5 a.m. Barque Labora, of Egersund. Fleetwood No. I Life-boat saved . . 13 ,, 7, 8 a.m. Schooner Louisa. Portmadoc Life-boat remained by vessel. „ 7. 8,45 a.m. Schooner Undaunted, of Plymouth. Penmon Life-boat saved ... 5 „ 7. 9.5a.m. Dredger Walter Bit/by, of Preston. Ramsey Life-boat saved ... 15 „ 7. 10.15 a.m. Brigautine Helios, of Tonsberg. Padatow Life-boat saved .... 7 „ 7. 10.25 a.m. Schooner Janetta, of Donaghadee. Port Logan Life-boat saved . . 3 „ 7. 10.25 a.m. Schooner. BrougUy Caulk, of Londonderry. Port Logan Life-boat saved 3 „ 7. 11.20 a.m. Schooner Planet, of Carnarvon. Orme's Head Life-boat saved ... 5 „ 7. 11.45 a.m. Trawler Rescue, of Brixuam. Lyme Regis Life-boat saved vessel and. 4 „ 7. 12 noon. Schooner Henry, of Dublin. Moelfre Life-boat saved ..... 3 „ 7. 12 noon. Renown, of Swansea. Moelfre Life-boat saved 4 „ 7. 12 noon. John Herbert, of Carnarvon. Moelfre Life-boat saved 3 „ 7. 2.30 p.m. Schooner John Clark, of Fowey. Bull Bay Life-boat rescued ... 5 „ 7. 3 p.m. Barque Neie Brunswick. Fleet-wood No. 2 Life-boat saved .... 11 „ 7. 3.45 p.m. Ketch Pioneer, of Brixham. Ilfraeombe Life-boat saved vessel and . 4, „ 7. 10 p.m. Schooner Golden Light, of Penzance. Port Isaac Life-boat saved . . 5 „ 7. 11.15 p.m. Schooner Ebenezer, of Buncorn. St. Anne's No. 2 Life-boat saved . . 4 „ 8. 3.30a.m. Schooner Parton, of Whitehaven. Bhyl No. 2 Life-boat assisted to save vessel. „ 8. Four- fishing-boats. Gourdon Life-boat rendered aasistanca „ 11. 1.30 a.m. S.S. Orion, of Glasgow. Arbroath Life-boat saved 5 „ 11. 4.30 a.m. Schooner Margaret, of Belfast. Ramsey Life-boat saved .... 3 „ 11. 10.45 a.m. Barque Erwin Jtickmers, of Geestemiinde. Lydd Life-boat rendered „ 11. 12 noon. Schooner Shetiiel, of Guernsey. Donna Nook Life-boat remained by vessel. „ 11. 11 p.m. S.S. Nemrk, of Newcastle. Whitburn Life-boat rescued . . . .12 „ 13. 10 a.m. Schooner (Pristine Misabettt, of Haugesund. Harwich Life-boats assisted to save vessel. „ 13. 2.30 a.m. Barque Terpsichore, of Sandefjord. North Deal Life-boat saved . . 15 „ 19. 7 p.m. Steamer Carihagma, of London. Caister No. 1 Life-boat remained by vessel. „ 19.—20. S.S. Etta, of West Hartlepool. Winterton No. 2 Life-boat assisted to save, vessel and 19 „ 20. 6.5 p.m. Barque Budiksvatt, of Hudiksvall. Holyhead No. 2 Life-boat saved . 16 „ 24. 6 a.m. S.S. Calypso, of Bristol. Lydd Life-boat saved 14 „ 25. 6.45 a.m. Schooner Laura and Isabel, of Troou. Eamsgate Life-boat assisted to save vessel and 6 Dec. 3. 10 a.m. Fishing-cobles. Newbiggin Life-boat rendered assistance. „ 4. 3 a.m. Steamer Colleen Sawn, of Drogheda. Drogheda No. 2 Life-boat re- mained by vessel. „ 4. 6 p.m. Steam-tug No. 15, of Plymouth. Winohelsea Life-boat saved ... 6 „ 4. Steam-tug No. 15, of Plymouth. Winchelsea Life-boat assisted to save 6. 9.45 a.m. Steamer Empress, of Dundee. Kessingland No. 1 Life-boat assisted to save vessel and . , 17 10. 10 p.m. S.S. tfepaul, of Glasgow. Plymouth Life-boat remained by vessel. 11. 3.30 a.m. S.S. Nepcml, of Glasgow. Plymouth Life-boat remained by vessel. 16. 3.15 a.m. Fishing-dandy Wainfteet, of Grimsby. Withernsea Life-boat saved . 6 19. 2.45 a.m. Schooner Secret, of Penzance. St. Ives Life-boat saved ..... 4 19. 10.50 a.m. Fishing-cobles. Filey Life-boat rendered assistance. 19. 12 noon. Five fishing-cobles. Scarborough Life-boat rendered assistance. 21. 6 a.m. Ship Bargany, of Port Glasgow. Kingsdowne Life-boat remained by vessel. 31. 7.30 p.m. Brig Dorothy, of North Shields. Penzance Life-boat assisted to save vessel and . 8 Total lives saved by the Life-boats in 1890, in addition to 27 vessels 555 Bewards were also granted Toy the Institution in the same period for saving by means of Fishing and other Boats 218 Total for 189O 773

NOTICE, The next number of the LIFE-BOAT JOURNAL, containing the Annual Report, &e., ill be published on the 1st May. KOTAL NATIONAL LIFE-BOAT INSTITUTION, 8U7TOKTKD SOLELY BY VOLUNTARY CONTRIBUTIONS.

|1atrrm—HIT gtoai 6racura« [ His BOYAL HIOHHKSS THX PKENCE or WALES, K.G. W D t J HM BoyAl Hiomrass THE PJUKOESS OF WALES. *"*"«" j AjnmuL H.B.H. TH» DUKE o» EMBBOBGH, K.O. ( LIEUT. His BOTAL HIGHNESS PRINCE GEOEGE Of WALES, E.N., K.G. Jrtstbent—His Sm.cs THX DUKE or NOBTHUKBERLAITO, K.tt. IWABD BIRKBECK, BART., M.P., V.P. Jtpnrg-CfiBimatt—-Colonel Fnz-BoY CLAYTOH. V.P.

ELES DlBDIK, ESQ., F.R.G.S.

APPEAL. THE COMMITTEE OF MANAGEMENT have to state that during the past year (1890) the BOTAL NATIONAL LITE-BOAT INSTITUTION expended £64,890 on various Life-boat Establishment* on the Coasts of England, Scotland and Ireland, the payments being largely in excess of the income of the Institution in the year. During the same period it granted rewards for saving 773 persons from various Shipwrecks on our Coasts. Every winter that comes and goes has its black record of wrecks, and its terrible list of lost lives, the average logs of lives from Shipwreck annually, on the shores of the United Kingdom, being 650. GKNEBAL SUMMABY or THE WORK o» THM INSTITUTION Drama 1890. Number of Lives rescued by Life-boats, in addition to £. «. d. 27 Vessels saved by them 555 Number of Lives saved by Shore-boats, Ac 218 Amount of Rewards granted during the Year 5,464 11 4 Honorary Rewards:—Silver Medals and Clasps . . .81 Binocular Glasses 12 Aneroid Barometer 1 Votes of Thanks on Vellum. 49 Certificate of Service 1 Total 94~ 773" £5,464 11 4 The Committee desire to acknowledge with gratitude the liberal support which they have received from the British Public during past years,—a support which has enabled them to establish their present great Life-saving Fleet of 300 boats on the shores of the United Kingdom. Deeply sensible, however, of the great responsibility that rests on them to maintain the Life-boats in a thoroughly efficient state, and their crews practised in the management of their boats, which can only be effected by a large and permanent Annual Income, they earnestly appeal to all classes of their countrymen to continue to aid them in upholding and perpetuating so great and truly national a Work. The number of Lives saved either by the Life-boats of the Society, or by special exertions, for which it has granted rewards since its formation, is 85,443 : for which services 97 Gold Medals, 1,049 Silver Medals and Clasps, 185 Binocular Glasses, 15 Telescopes, 4 Aneroid Barometers, 1,301 Votes of Thanks, inscribed on vellum and framed, 10 Certificates of Service framed, and £113,494 have been given as Be wards. Annual Bubtcriptivnt and Donations are earnestly solicited, and will be thankfully received by the Secretary, CHARLES DIBDIN, Esq., at the Institution, 14 JOHN STREET, ADKI-PIO, London; by the Bankers of the Institution, Messrs. COCTTS and Co., 59 Strand; Messrs. HEEBIES, FABQUHAB, and Co., 16 St. James's Street; Messrs. HOABE. 37 Fleet Street, London; and by all the other Bankers in the United Kingdom.—February 2nd, 1891.