plants Review The Ethnobotany and Chemistry of South African Meliaceae: A Review Mariam Oyefunke Oyedeji-Amusa 1, Nicholas J. Sadgrove 1,2 and Ben-Erik Van Wyk 1,* 1 Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa;
[email protected] (M.O.O.-A.);
[email protected] (N.J.S.) 2 Jodrell Science Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond TW9 3DS, Surrey, UK * Correspondence:
[email protected]; Tel.: +27-11-559-2412 Abstract: Meliaceae are widely distributed across the world in tropical or subtropical climates and are of considerable ethnobotanical importance as sources of traditional medicine and cos- metics. This comprehensive review summarizes the ethnobotanical uses and chemistry of 12 South African species, belonging to six genera: Ekebergia, Nymania, Entandrophragma, Pseudobersama, Trichilia, and Turraea. Eight of the species have ethnomedicinal records, clas- sified into 17 major disease categories. The ethnomedicinal uses comprise 85 ailments dominated by gastrointestinal complaints, followed by gynaecological and obstetrics related problems. Chemical records were found for 10 species, which describe nine classes of compounds. In nearly all South African Meliaceae, limonoids are the predominant constituents while triterpenes, sterols, and coumarins are also common. The widest range of use-records and medicinal applications are found with the two most chemically diverse species, Ekebergia capensis and Trichilia emetica. Of the chemical compounds identified in the various plant organs of the 10 species of South African Meliaceae for which data are available, 42% was found in bark and 17% in seeds. Roots represent Citation: Oyedeji-Amusa, M.O.; 35% and bark 33% of the organs that are used medicinally, and they are typically prepared as Sadgrove, N.J.; Van Wyk, B.-E.