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INTEGRATED TICKETING SYSTEM of PUBLIC TRANSPORT in JAKARTA VS VÄRMLAND, SWEDEN Teguh Himawan Ronggosusanto ABSTRACT

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INTEGRATED TICKETING SYSTEM of PUBLIC TRANSPORT in JAKARTA VS VÄRMLAND, SWEDEN Teguh Himawan Ronggosusanto ABSTRACT Civil Engineering Forum Volume XXII/1 - January 2013 INTEGRATED TICKETING SYSTEM OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT IN JAKARTA VS VÄRMLAND, SWEDEN Teguh Himawan Ronggosusanto Ministry of Transportation, INDONESIA Email:[email protected] ABSTRACT The heightened mobility of people in the DKI Jakarta province and surrounding area requires balance of the development public transport services. One of service attributes in public transportation is ticketing system. Currently, the ticketing system in Jakarta needs to be improved and still not integrated. Therefore, the importance to develop and implement a new integrated ticketing system to increase the competitiveness and attractiveness of public transports. It also gives an opportunity to the operators in order to implement several of ticket prices. There are some of barriers that faced by operators in development a new integrated ticketing system such as; institutional issue, resources integration, and financial problems. In order to describe and analyze the development of a new integrated ticketing system, this thesis uses a qualitative research approach and five sources of evidence i.e. documentation, archival records, an interview, direct and participant observations through a survey using the form of questionnaires that distributed to the public transport users. Further, this study also uses the case of Värmlandstrafik AB as the comparative study and the theoretical basis of the new services development as an approach to assess the possibility of implement a new integrated ticketing system. It aims to investigate the ticketing system phenomenon using information and data observations as materials to analyze, explore, and provide depth explanation. By analyzing data from a survey of passengers, this study gave a description and explanation related the characteristic and the travel behavior of passenger, also an assessment of ticketing system that underlies the development a new integrated ticketing system. Then, using the comparative case study of Värmlandstrafik AB that already implement an integrated ticketing system and the self- services in provision of public transport services gave an analysis what needs to prepare for implement a new integrated ticketing system consider to the organizational process. Keywords: an integrated ticketing system, TransJakarta Busway, Commuter Train Jabodetabek, New Service Development 1 INTRODUCTION tickets. The condition make people prefer to use Commuter train Jabodetabek and TransJakarta private cars than travelling by public transport will busway as mass public transportation giving benefits take more time for queuing buy the ticket, degree of such as; the technology are environmental friendly, flexibility and accessibility. This case need to develop high safety standards, high speed and decreases the the public transport services in Jakarta by improving traffic jam with attract the user’s private car or the ticketing system into an integrated ticketing motorcycle using the public transport mode. These system to attract people using public transport in public transport modes offer the solution for current Jakarta. issue in mobility people and environmental problem 1.1 Research Question in Jakarta and surrounding area. The number of passengers are increasing every year that shown This study will focus on three fundamental questions heightened using public transport mode, but the as follows: systems still need to improve. The ticketing system of a. How can an integrated ticketing systems increase Transjakarta busway make passengers have to come the attractiveness of public transport users? first to the counter ticket either for Jak-Card holder or b. How the process of developing a new integrated passengers, which means twice time for queuing at the ticketing system looking at the organizational counter ticket and waiting the bus. Further, PT. Kereta process? Api Commuter Jabodetabek (KCJ) launched Comet c. What kind of services should be developed in Card on February 1, 2012, but most of passengers not Jakarta, Indonesia? interested to use e-ticket and still using the paper 1341 Volume XXII/1 - January 2013 Civil Engineering Forum 1.2 Objective of Research transport system, observations, customer surveys, and The overall aims of this research are: comparative studies about an integrated ticketing a. To undertake an assessment on the public transport system to attract car users and enhance customer system, especially about an integrated ticketing satisfaction. One of the research processes is system. collecting primary data and secondary data. Primary b. To describe and analyze of how an implementation data obtained from observations and surveys of new integrated ticketing system can improve the passengers by distributed the form of questionnaires experience of travelling public. to the passengers consists of 500 respondents from c. To analysis what needs to prepare for implement both TransJakarta Busway and the commuter train an integrated ticketing system. Jabodetabek within three weeks on 17th of April until May 5, 2012. And secondary data obtained from literature studies as the material to make comparisons 2 LITERATURE REVIEW between public transport system in Värmland, Sweden 2.1 Integrated Public Transport and Jakarta, Indonesia. Research subject consist of The modal integration intended to transfer passengers how public transport operators implement an from one to another mode of public transportation integrated ticketing system, and what can learn from demand management systems such as park and ride, the system. The results of this study analyze and bike and ride, and electronic road pricing such as bus– assess the possibility developing a new integrated rail interchange points and rail-link bus services. This ticketing system in Jakarta, Indonesia, which intend to policy must be supported by a travel (ERP). In description and exploration of the ticket system. situations they give more directed sense of integration Further, this research will lead to conclusions, of public transport modes in sequence process that managerial implications, and interesting question for need to be supported with the transport policy. From future research. the definitions to create an integrated public transport 3.1 Technical Management Unit (BLU) TransJakarta are needed; location integration between shelter bus Busway and train stations, the integration of scheduling, ticketing and information, integration of design The e-ticketing system was launched by PT. Bank services, namely; the legal and administration, as well DKI, the JakCard as a prepaid card on 2006. JakCard as trip generation integration by integrating transport utilized the chip technology or smartcard used as a and land use planning (Potter & Skinner, 2000). means of payment. At the first time only operated in Further, ticket is a tool for the implementation of corridor 1, 2 and 3. Currently, the card operated in the pricing policy with consideration of operational, 8 corridors and will expand to 11 corridors. These commercial and social objectives. Ticketing system is card provided in some merchants ‘Indomaret’ have a translation of the tariff to a concrete means of logo ‘JakCard Sale & Top Up’, shelters along the 8 payment for passengers and the collection of fees to corridors, and 18 branches of Bank DKI throughout operator (Mezghani, 2008). The ticket prices DKI Jakarta province. Based on information from depending on the type of tickets used in public Bank DKI (2012), customers can top up the card to a transport network as a single ticket from origin to maximum of one million IDR in Bank DKI in destination or a single ticket with limited time for accordance with the regulations of Bank Indonesia. At multiple trips, such as; 1 hour, single-mode tickets, the shelter with a denomination of subscribers can integrated tickets, multi-trip tickets, season tickets charge in IDR 20,000; 50,000; 100,000; 200,000, and (day, week, month, and year), off-peak tickets, and the 500,000; while in the merchant Indomaret 'Top up combined ticket with park & ride. 50,000 IDR denominations and multiplication. 2.2 New Service Development (NSD) 3.2 PT. KAI Commuter JABODETABEK (KCJ) (Gustafsson & Johnson, 2003) argue that NSD consist Commuter train was started operating in 2000, when of three process service development activities; (1) the Indonesian government receives grants 72 units of service maintenance, (2) improving service commuter train, and 50 units can be used directly and performance, and (3) service innovations. operated. Based on data from (PT. Kereta Api Commuter Jabodetabek (KCJ), 2012), the company operated 192 units of commuter train. The company 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY provide two categories of commuter train services as This study using a qualitative research approach with commuter AC and economy non AC. Most of the a quantitative data and based on the previous research, passenger buy ticket at counter sales in every train literature review related to an integrated public stations or buy monthly card. Nowadays, the ticket 1342 Civil Engineering Forum Volume XXII/1 - January 2013 prices are almost same for commuter train AC as 4.2 Discussions 6,000 IDR per trip. On February 1, 2012, the company The process of development a new integrated launched Comet card as Commuter Electronic ticketing system needs an organization that have Ticketing with implementation divided into 3 steps, functions to provide the ticketing systems, managing the first step on February 1, to March 31, 2012, started the system
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