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Miocene Proboscidean Tooth Found in Evaporite Karst Sinkhole Near Gate, Oklahoma Bryce L

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Miocene Proboscidean Tooth Found in Evaporite Karst Sinkhole Near Gate, Oklahoma Bryce L 1 Miocene Proboscidean Tooth Found in Evaporite Karst Sinkhole near Gate, Oklahoma Bryce L. Bonnet University of Oklahoma, Department of Biology, Norman, OK 73019 Nicholas J. Czaplewski Oklahoma Museum of Natural History, Norman, OK 73072 Kent S. Smith 2NODKRPD6WDWH8QLYHUVLW\&HQWHUIRU+HDOWK6FLHQFHV2൶FHRI$PHULFDQ,QGLDQV LQ0HGLFLQHDQG6FLHQFH7XOVD2. Abstract:)UDJPHQWVRIDSURERVFLGHDQWRRWKZHUHIRXQGLQ1HRJHQHVHGLPHQWVRIWKH2JDOODOD )RUPDWLRQZLWKLQDQHYDSRUDWHNDUVWVLQNKROHIRUPHGLQ3HUPLDQUHGEHGVRXWVLGH*DWH2NODKRPD 7KHSLHFHVZHUHUHFRQVWUXFWHGDQGLGHQWL¿HGE\FRPSDULVRQZLWKPXVHXPVSHFLPHQVDQGOLWHUDWXUH 7KH WRRWK ZDV GHWHUPLQHG WR EHORQJ WR WKH IDPLO\ *RPSKRWKHULLGDH DQG WKH VSHFLHV FRPSOH[ Gomphotherium “productum.” 7KH VSHFLHV LV NQRZQ E\ RWKHU UHFRUGV LQ WKH /DWH 0LRFHQH RI 2NODKRPDDQGVXUURXQGLQJDUHDV$OWKRXJKDQXPEHURIFROODSVHVLQNKROHVZLWK¿OOLQJVRI2JDOODOD )RUPDWLRQ VHGLPHQWV DUH NQRZQ LQ 2NODKRPD YHU\ IHZ RI WKHP KDYH EHHQ IRXQG WR FRQWDLQ LGHQWL¿DEOHIRVVLOVVXFKDVWKLVRQH LQWKLVUHJLRQLQFOXGHOD\HUVRIJ\SVXPDQGRWKHU Introduction and Methods evaporate rocks that are occasionally prone to VXEVXUIDFH GLVVROXWLRQ IRUPLQJ VLQNKROHV DQG FDYHVRIYDULRXVW\SHV 0H\HUV-RKQVRQ *RPSKRWKHUHV ZHUH HOHSKDQWOLNH -RKQVRQDQG1HDO*XWLpUUH] SURERVFLGHDQV WKDW ZHUH JOREDOO\ GLVWULEXWHG HW DO 7KHVH VLQNKROHV DUH RFFDVLRQDOO\ IURP WKH 0LRFHQH HSRFK WR WKH 3OHLVWRFHQH ¿OOHG ZLWK EX൵ WR \HOORZ WR EURZQ 1HRJHQH *RPSKRWKHUHV )DPLO\ *RPSKRWKHULLGDH VDQGVDQGVLOWVRIWKH2JDOODOD)RUPDWLRQDQG ZHUH D GLYHUVH DQG SDUDSK\OHWLF JURXS EXW they sometimes preserve vertebrate fossils in the ZHUHGLVWLQJXLVKHGE\WKHLUWZRXSSHUDQGWZR UHJLRQ HJDWWKH5RZH/HZLV5DQFKTXDUULHV ORZHU WXVNV ,Q WKH 0LRFHQH JRPSKRWKHUHV LQ 7H[DV ZLWK ODWH 0LRFHQH KRUVH ERQHV DQG ZHUHGLVWULEXWHGDOODFURVVWKH1RUWK$PHULFDQ OHDIIRVVLOV6FKXOW] $WWLPHVWKHVHORFDO FRQWLQHQW HVSHFLDOO\ WKH *UHDW 3ODLQV VWUXFWXUDO FROODSVHV FDQ EH ODUJHU DQG GHYHORS 6SHFL¿FDOO\ LQ 2NODKRPD WKHLU IRVVLO UHFRUG VL]DEOH¿OOLQJVRI2JDOODOD)RUPDWLRQVHGLPHQWV VSDQV IURP DERXW 0D PLOOLRQ \HDUV ZLWKDEXQGDQWYHUWHEUDWHIRVVLOV,QWKH0LRFHQH DJR ZKHUHLWLQFOXGHVWKHJHQHUDAmebelodon, WKH\PD\KDYHKHOGVPDOOODNHVDQGSRQGVZLWK Gomphotherium, Rhynchotherium, FI ¿VK WXUWOHV DQG DOOLJDWRUV DV ZHOO DV KRUVHV Serbelodon DQG Stegomastodon /DPEHUW DQG DQGRWKHUWHUUHVWULDODQLPDOVRQWKHVXUURXQGLQJ 6KRVKDQL 6FKXOW] &]DSOHZVNL DQG XSODQGVDVHYLGHQFHGE\IRVVLOVRIWKH%HDYHU 6PLWK&]DSOHZVNL ORFDOIDXQD2NODKRPD 6FKXOW] ,QWKLVSDSHUZHGHVFULEHDSURERVFLGHDQWRRWK 7KH VLQNKROH LQ ZKLFK WKH IRVVLO WRRWK IUDJPHQWIRXQGLQDQHYDSRULWHNDUVWVLQNKROHLQ RFFXUUHGZDVORFDWHGDORQJDQDSSUR[LPDWHO\ %HDYHU &RXQW\ 2NODKRPD (YDSRULWH NDUVW LV PKLJKEOX൵WKDWUXQVKRUL]RQWDOO\IRUDERXW FRPPRQLQZHVWHUQ2NODKRPD3HUPLDQUHGEHGV P DQG ZDV SRVVLEO\ H[SRVHG E\ ORFDO IDXOWLQJ Proc. Okla. Acad. Sci. 98: pp 1 - 5 (2018) 2 B.L. Bonnet, N.J. Czaplewski, and K.S. Smith DVZHOODVVXEVXUIDFHFROODSVHLQWKLVEOX൵WKH IRVVLOVRI0LRFHQHDJH2QWKHODQGVXUIDFHRQWRS VWUDWDDUHGLSSLQJWRWKHHDVWSRVVLEO\LQGLFDWLQJ RIWKHFROODSVHZHREVHUYHGDWKLQYHQHHURISDOH D ODUJHUVFDOH FROODSVH RXWVLGH WKH ERXQGDULHV EX൵FRORUHGGHSRVLWVRIWKH2JDOODOD)RUPDWLRQ RI WKH VPDOO YHUWLFDOZDOOHG VLQNKROH LQ WKH RQO\ P DZD\ IURP WKH VLQNKROH DQG WKHUH FHQWUDOSRUWLRQRIWKHH[SRVHGEOX൵7KHVPDOO LVGHWULWXVRI2JDOODODZLWKLQWKHVLQNKROH7KH YHUWLFDOZDOOHG VLQNKROH LV ZHOO H[SRVHG LQ WRRWKIUDJPHQWLVFOHDUO\RI0LRFHQHDJHDQG FURVVVHFWLRQZLWKLQWKHEOX൵ )LJXUH DQGKDV LW FRXOG KDYH ZHDWKHUHG RXW RI WKH RYHUO\LQJ DVHPLFLUFXODUVXUIDFHH[SUHVVLRQ VHHQLQSODQ 2JDOODOD)RUPDWLRQGHSRVLWVDQGIDOOHQLQWRWKLV YLHZLQ*RRJOH(DUWKLPDJHU\ WUXQFDWHGE\WKH VLQNKROHPRUHUHFHQWO\$OWHUQDWLYHO\2JDOODOD H[SRVXUHRIWKHEOX൵IDFH,QFURVVVHFWLRQWKH )RUPDWLRQ GHSRVLWV FRQWDLQLQJ WKH IRVVLO WRRWK 3HUPLDQEHGVGLSIURPERWKYHUWLFDOZDOOVRIWKH PLJKW KDYH RQFH ¿OOHG SDUW RI WKH VLQNKROH LQ VLQNWRZDUGWKHFHQWHURIWKHVLQN )LJSDUWO\ WKH0LRFHQHEXWPRVWO\ZHDWKHUHGDZD\VLQFH REVFXUHGE\PRGHUQWUHHV ,QWKLVSDUWRI%HDYHU &RXQW\ZLGHVSUHDG3HUPLDQURFNVDUHRYHUODLQ 7KHVLQNKROHLVSDUWLDOO\¿OOHGZLWK3HUPLDQ E\ 1HRJHQH URFNV RI WKH 2JDOODOD )RUPDWLRQ EUHDNGRZQDQGSDOHU0LRFHQHVHGLPHQWV&KHHN $FFRUGLQJ WR 2NODKRPD *HRORJLFDO 6XUYH\ WRRWK IUDJPHQWV RI D PDVWRGRQW SURERVFLGHDQ surface geology maps, the Ogallala Formation ZHUHIRXQGLQWKLVVLQNKROHE\$OEHUW/DYHUW\ XQFRQIRUPDEO\ RYHUOLHV WKH 3HUPLDQ 5XVK ZKLOHVXUIDFHSURVSHFWLQJIRUIRVVLOVLQ7KH 6SULQJV)RUPDWLRQLQWKHLPPHGLDWHYLFLQLW\RI IRVVLOVLWHLVGHVLJQDWHGDV2NODKRPD0XVHXP WKHVLQNKROH 6WDQOH\HWDO 0RVWEHGVRI RI 1DWXUDO +LVWRU\ 201+ ORFDOLW\ 9 the Ogallala Formation in Oklahoma preserve DQGLVDERXWNPVRXWKZHVWRIWKHWRZQRI Figure 1. Photograph and interpretive sketch of the fossil locality and collapse sink (with trees growing at the center of the base) in which the partial gomphothere tooth (Oklahoma Museum of Natural History 79124) occurred, Beaver County, Oklahoma. X indicates the spot where the tooth was found. View is toward the south. Proc. Okla. Acad. Sci. 98: pp 1 - 5 (2018) 3 *DWH%HDYHU&RXQW\2NODKRPD7KHVLWHZDV YLVLWHG E\ DQ 201+ FUHZ LQ ZKHQ ZH XVHGSLFNVDQGVKRYHOVWRGLJWKURXJKPRUHRI WKHVLQNKROH¿OOVHGLPHQWV,QWKHSURFHVVDIHZ PRUHIUDJPHQWVRIWKHWRRWKDQGDVPDOOFKLS RI ERQH ZHUH UHFRYHUHG 7KH IUDJPHQWV ZHUH WUDQVSRUWHGWRWKH9HUWHEUDWH3DOHRQWRORJ\/DE RI WKH 201+ ZKHUH WKH\ ZHUH UHFRQVWUXFWHG LQWR D SDUWLDO WRRWK QRZ FDWDORJHG DV 201+ 7KH WRRWK ZDV PHDVXUHG ZLWK D GLDO FDOLSHUWRWKHQHDUHVWPP Results and Discussion 7KHWRRWKLVSDUWRIDORZHUOHIWPRODUHLWKHU P RU P )LJXUH 2XU LQLWLDO XQFHUWDLQW\ DERXWZKHWKHULWLVDQPRUPVWHPVIURPWKH IDFWWKDWDWOHDVWKDOIRIWKHWRRWKLVPLVVLQJ,WV VL]HPDWFKHVEHWWHUWKDWRIPVDQGLVODUJHUWKDQ m2s of other gomphothere teeth in the OMNH YHUWHEUDWHSDOHRQWRORJ\FROOHFWLRQ,QDGGLWLRQ Figure 2. Dental nomenclature for the lower LW VKRZV D ZHDU IDFHW RQ RQH HQG FDXVHG E\ left molar of a gomphothere adapted from LQWHUGHQWDOFRQWDFWZLWKDQDGMDFHQWPRODU:H 7DVV\ ¿JE DQGDSSOLHGWR2NODKRPD LQWHUSUHWWKDWHQGDVWKHDQWHULRUHQGRIDQP specimen (OMNH 79124). Heavy dashed because the m3 is the last tooth to appear in line indicatHV the median sulcus, which DGXOWJRPSKRWKHUHVDQGWKHSRVWHULRUHQGFRXOG separates the pretrite and posttrite aspects QRW KDYH EHHQ LQ FRQWDFW ZLWK DQRWKHU WRRWK of the tooth. Abbreviations: acg, anterior 7KH P LV DW D UHODWLYHO\ OLJKW VWDJH RI ZHDU cingulum; aprcc1, anterior pretrite central DQGKDVYHU\WKLFNHQDPHOZLWKDVLPSOHHQDPHO conule of 1st lophid (paraconid); aprcc2, SDWWHUQFRPSRVHGRIVLQJOHWUHIRLOV'XHWRWKH anterior pretrite central conule of 2nd lophid; LQFRPSOHWHQHVVRIWKHPRODUZHZHUHRQO\DEOH HFWI HFWRÀH[XV RI st interlophid; ectf2, WRPDNHRQHPHDQLQJIXOPHDVXUHPHQWWKHZLGWK HFWRÀH[XVRIndLQWHUORSKLGHQWIHQWRÀH[XV RIWKH¿UVWORSKLGLVPP of 1st interlophid; lcg, lingual cingulum; meso, mesoconelet of each half-lophid on either side :HDGRSWHGWKHGHQWDOWHUPLQRORJ\SURSRVHG (pretrite or posttrite) of the median sulcus; E\ 7DVV\ ¿J WUDQVODWHG WR (QJOLVK ms, median sulcus; po1, posttrite main cusp 8VLQJ D PRGHO GHVFULELQJ WKH GHJUHHV RI of 1st lophid (metaconid); popcc1, posterior ]\JRGRQW\ GHYHORSHG E\ :DQJ HW DO posttrite central conules of 1st lophid; pprcc1, ZHGHWHUPLQHGWKDWWKHVLQNKROHWRRWKGLVSOD\HG posterior pretrite central conule of 1st lophid OHYHO ]\JRGRQW\ LQGLFDWLQJ D UHODWLYHO\ (protoconulid); pprcc2, posterior pretrite SULPLWLYHOHYHORIFRPSOH[LW\FRPSDUHGWRRWKHU central conule of 2nd lophid; pr1, pretrite JRPSKRWKHUHVDQGPDVWRGRQV6SHFL¿FDOO\WKH main cuspid of 1st lophid (protoconid); pr2, P VKRZV WKH IROORZLQJ FKDUDFWHULVWLFV EOXQW pretrite main cuspid of 2nd lophid. Scale bar SUHWULWH PDLQ FXVSLG VLQJXODU QRQFUHVWOLNH = 5 cm. SUHWULWHPHVRFRQHOHWZHDNQRQFUHVWOLNHSUHWULWH 7KHVH PRUSKRORJLFDO FKDUDFWHULVWLFV FHQWUDOFRQXOHVEOXQWQRQFUHVWOLNHSRVWULWHPDLQ GHPRQVWUDWHWKDWWKHWRRWKEHORQJVWRWKHJHQXV FXVSWKDWLVDQWHURSRVWHULRUO\FRPSUHVVHGODUJH Gomphotherium ZKLFK KDV D IRVVLO UHFRUG DQGEOXQWQRQFUHVWOLNHSRVWULWHPHVRFRQHOHWWKDW LQ 1RUWK $PHULFD (XUDVLD DQG $IULFD 7KH LVQRWVXEGLYLGHGZHDNSRVWULWHFHQWUDOFRQXOHV only species of Gomphotherium currently DQGDQWHURSRVWHULRUO\QDUURZLQWHUORSKLGV UHFRJQL]HGLQ1RUWK$PHULFDLVGomphotherium Proc. Okla. Acad. Sci. 98: pp 1 - 5 (2018) 4 B.L. Bonnet, N.J. Czaplewski, and K.S. Smith “productum.” :H DOVR FRPSDUHG WKH VLQNKROH G. “productum”WRRQHRIWKHWZRRIWKH/DWH WRRWK ZLWK RWKHU SURERVFLGHDQ WHHWK LGHQWL¿HG 0LRFHQH 1$/0$V EHFDXVH QR RWKHU IDXQDO as G. “productum” IURP WKH $UQHWW ORFDOLW\ UHPDLQVRUWD[DZHUHUHFRYHUHGLQWKHFROODSVH 201+ ORFDOLW\ 9 HDUO\ +HPSKLOOLDQ VLQNKROHWKDWFRXOGKHOSQDUURZWKHDJHUDQJH Gomphotherium “productum” molars from 1HYHUWKHOHVVD/DWH0LRFHQHDJHLVFRQVLVWHQW $UQHWWWKDWDUHDWDVLPLODUVWDJHRIZHDUDOVRYHU\ ZLWK RWKHU 0LRFHQH ORFDOLWLHV DQG IDXQDV LQ closely match the morphological characteristics ZHVWHUQ2NODKRPD 6FKXOW] RIRXUVLQNKROHWRRWK Acknowledgments 7KHVSHFLHVG. “productum”ZDVUHFRJQL]HG E\:DQJHWDO DVDVSHFLHVFRPSOH[WKDW :HJUDWHIXOO\DFNQRZOHGJH$OYLH/DYHUW\IRU QHHGV IXUWKHU VWXG\ EHFDXVH WKH WD[RQ PLJKW ¿QGLQJ KHOSLQJ ZLWK ¿HOGZRUN DQG GRQDWLQJ LQFOXGH XQGLDJQRVHG DGGLWLRQDO VSHFLHV )RU WKHVSHFLPHQWR201+DQGODQGRZQHUV%ULWW WKLV UHDVRQ ZH SODFH TXRWDWLRQ PDUNV DURXQG DQG.¶'DZQ+LOWRQDQG6WDQO\%DUE\IRUDFFHVV the name “productum´ 7KH VSHFLHV VSDQV WRWKHLUSURSHUW\ JHRORJLF WLPH IURP PLOOLRQ WR PLOOLRQ \HDUVDJR :DQJHWDO DQGDFFRUGLQJO\ 2XU¿HOGZRUNZDVJHQHURXVO\IXQGHGE\WKH FRQ¿UPV D 0LRFHQH DJH IRU WKH PRODU IURP &KLFNDVDZ DQG &KHURNHH 1DWLRQV DQG 1DWLYH WKHVLQNKROHGHSRVLW0DPPDOLDQIRVVLOVIRXQG ([SORUHUV)RXQGDWLRQ:HWKDQNWKHSDUWLFLSDQWV HOVHZKHUH LQ ZHVWHUQ 2NODKRPD LQ VHGLPHQWV LQWKH1DWLYH([SORUHUVH[SHGLWLRQRILQ RI WKH 2JDOODOD )RUPDWLRQ LQGLFDWH WKDW WKH SDUWLFXODUZHDSSUHFLDWHWKHDVVLVWDQFHRI-DUHG IRUPDWLRQWKHUHUHÀHFWVWKH/DWH0LRFHQHDQG :DKNLQQH\ 6DUD +R൵HUEHU 0DVKHOL %LOO\ DQG WKHIRVVLOVUHSUHVHQWERWKWKH&ODUHQGRQLDQDQG
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