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Eco-Cinegetic Management in Romania's Maramureș Forest District

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Eco-Cinegetic Management in Romania's Maramureș Forest District Asian Journal of Biology 12(1): 10-19, 2021; Article no.AJOB.67984 ISSN: 2456-7124 Eco-cinegetic Management in Romania’s Maramureș Forest District Andrei Nicolae Helindian1 and Bogdan-Vasile Cioruța2* 1Faculty of Engineering, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca - North University Centre of Baia Mare, 62A Victor Babeș street, 430083, Baia Mare, Romania. 2Technical University of Cluj-Napoca - North University Center of Baia Mare, Office of Informatics, 62A Victor Babeș street, 430083, Baia Mare, Romania. Authors’ contributions This work was carried out in collaboration between both authors. Author BVC designed the study, performed the literature searches, and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Author ANH managed the analyses of the entire study. Both authors read and approved the final manuscript. Article Information DOI: 10.9734/AJOB/2021/v12i130153 Editor(s): (1) Dr. Md. Abdulla Al Mamun, The University of Tokyo, Japan. Reviewers: (1) Justus Eronmosele Omijeh, Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Nigeria. (2) Gyula Lakatos, Debrecen University, Hungary. Complete Peer review History: http://www.sdiarticle4.com/review-history/67984 Received 18 March 2021 Original Research Article Accepted 22 May 2021 Published 26 May 2021 ABSTRACT Hunting has been one of the first major concerns of humans since their appearance on this earth for many thousands of years. For the civilized world, however, the hunting activity made huge leaps of content, manifestation, and attitude, eventually reaching to be defined as a cultural, educational, recreational, sports, and even art activity. The present paper has as a subject the national hunting fund, having as a case study, the hunting fund of Maramureș county, specifically, the Vișeu district. We presented the national situation regarding the hunting fund, and only later, after reviewing the definition and characteristics of hunting, we started to present the data for Vișeu district hunting fund, noting that it has a significant hunting potential supported by sustainable management that may still involve adjustment, improvements, and assignment of methodologies, strategies and good environmental practices. Keywords: Biodiversity; hunting management; forest resources; sustainable development. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ *Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected]; Helindian and Cioruța; AJOB, 12(1): 10-19, 2021; Article no.AJOB.67984 1. INTRODUCTION natural ecosystems [3]. Furthermore, in our country, there is still the largest area of natural Hunting has been one of the first major concerns forest in Europe, and on its territory, there are of humans for many thousands of years. For the many colors of biodiversity migration. The high civilized world, however, the hunting activity level of ecosystem diversity and geographical made huge leaps of content, manifestation, and location is reflected in the floristic richness (over attitude, eventually reaching to be defined as a 3,500 different species) and fauna (over 30,000 cultural, educational, recreational, sports, and species) [4,5], as shown in Fig. 1 [6]. In even art activity [1]. This concept has been Romania, there are 2,147 hunting funds. The imposed since the current balance of nature is no average surface of a hunting ground is approx. more a natural balance in the true sense of the 10,000 ha. In any hunting ground, there is a word; but it remains as a balance in a state of species of game that has a higher value from a relative stability, by wise intervention, hunting point of view. environmental and economic reasons, and human factors [2]. This species is called the main game or main hunting resource. Viewed in this respect, the Romania, through its geographical location and hunting fund of Romania is divided as follows: the relief with which it was endowed by mother rabbit - 15,200,000 ha, deer - 3,900,000 ha, red nature, was a chosen land, richly adorned with roe - 2,800,000 ha, chamois - 220,000 ha and gifts of nature, including forests and wildlife. 545,000 ha for the secondary game [7,8]. The Romania's wildlife - well represented numerically, hunt is reunited in centrally managed hunting as a diversity of species and as a value of funds in a hierarchical order by the relevant trophies, has been a subject of passion and ministry. Of all hunting reservations, a small hunting activity for all social categories, from number have protected areas and a special crowned heads to ordinary people, remaining regime. The main game in Romania is the hare, each time, from one generation to another, spread over about 15.2 million hectares, enough and richly hunted to this day. As it is practically on the entire area between the alpine known, Romania is a country with great gaps and the coast. biodiversity and a high percentage of intact (a) Representation for the Romanian flora 11 Helindian and Cioruța; AJOB, 12(1): 10-19, 2021; Article no.AJOB.67984 (b) Representation for the Romanian fauna Fig. 1. Distribution of flora and fauna species in Romania 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS county, a county located at the northwestern limit of Romania, with an area of 145,518 ha, owned The research methodology started from going by the state. It is rounded as follows: 14 forest through specialized literature, to be able to districts with areas between 4,344 ha (Şomcuta identify the particularities of the area under study. Mare) and 25,717 ha (Poienile de sub-Munte), 44 Only in this way was it possible to describe the forest districts, 254 forest cantons and trout [9]. area, the ecological framework, and implicitly the biodiversity and the hunting potential. In addition With a variation of the relief elements with great to the documentation regarding the two aspects, amplitude, the forest fund is distributed in the low the documentation regarding the history of the area of the banks of the Someş, up to the alpine hunting activity, respectively the regional and hollow of Pietrosului Rodnei (2303m). In the local hunting potential was also targeted. northern part, the Eastern Carpathians are divided into two branches inside the county: After outlining some peculiarities that the Rodna together with the Northern Volcanic biodiversity of the area presents, a series of Carpathians and the Maramureş Mountains, maps were exhibited based on the hunting which close the depression of the same name. quotas and the eco-hunting regime. The latter attests to the area of the hunting species On the south lies an area connecting the Eastern considered, with the positioning of the forest Carpathians and the Apuseni considered a strip schools, the last remnants that function of the "Hidden Mountains" of Transylvania, from according to the principles of sustainable which rise the crystalline massifs Preluca, exploitation of resources. Prisaca and Codru. At the foot of the volcanic mountains lies the depression corridor Baia Mare 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION - Copalnic - Lăpuş [9]. The eastern limit stretches from the top of Preluca Căţei to the Bistriţa Aurie 3.1 The Ecological Framework from the river. To the west, it stretches from the top of Vișeu Forest District Pietroasa (1200 m) of the Oaş Mountains, along the rivers Someş, Tisa, and Crasna to The forest fund managed by the Maramureş the northwestern border of Romania with Forestry Department is located in Maramureş Hungary. 12 Helindian and Cioruța; AJOB, 12(1): 10-19, 2021; Article no.AJOB.67984 The Maramureş Forestry Department is set up as birch rooster (Lyrurus tetrix), mountain rooster a resource manager within the group set up in (Tetrao urogalus), pheasant (Phasianus order to obtain the FSC certificate. The group colchicus), hare (Lepus europaeus), wolf (Canis consists of several forest districts with an area of lupus), wild boar (Sus scrofa), lynx (Lynx lynx), 60,755 ha of forest, as follows [9]: Firiza - 10,332 Carpathian bear (Ursus arctos), and fox (Vulpes ha, Groşii Țiblesului - 11,798 ha, Mara - 18,029 vulpes). ha, Strâmbu Băiuţ - 12,710 ha, Tăuţii Magherăuș - 8,908 ha, Vișeu - 32,441 ha, Baia Sprie - The chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra) - as shown in 11,012 ha, Dragomirești - 18,240 ha, Poieni - Fig. 2a - has an estimated longevity of 18-23 30,366 ha, Sighet - 9,277 ha, Șomcuta Mare - years, although research on short specimens has 9,584 ha, Târgu Lăpuș - 13,088 ha, Ulmeni 9,388 not established ages older than 15 years. ha. Regarding the biotope, we can say that originally the chamois seems to have been a forest animal, The surface of the state forest fund - 23,685 ha, stationed towards the limit of the alpine hollow managed by management contracts 2,023 ha [11]. Later, driven by the uneasiness caused by and 787 ha with forestry services, is rounded in human activity, he adapted to life in rocks several districts, 22 cantons, and 2 hunting inaccessible to man, located above the upper funds. The initial surface of the Vișeu forest fund limit of the forest; and some forested rocks have was 35,695 ha, of which 12,010 ha have been proved suitable for the species. Through periodic returned, according to the land fund laws, until movements towards the forest, when it snows, now 12,010 ha [10]. and towards the mountain hollow, where the snow is quickly scattered, especially when in the The afforestation percentage of the Vişeu Forest forest the snow layer prevents its movement, it District is 98.6% (the afforested area is 23,372 manages to choose, permanently, the most ha, and 313 ha represent other lands such as favorable conditions for feeding and living. For nurseries, lands serving production needs, lands these reasons, complementary feeding to the serving forest management needs, lands black goat is not necessary, although it readily affected by afforestation, unproductive land). The accepts human-administered food. The world composition of main species is: 75% MO, 2% record trophy was hunted in the autumn of 1934 BR, 19% FA, 1% PAM, 1% DT and 1% DM.
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