BALDNESS : Causes and Treatment. See Page 196.

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VOL. 14. JULY, 1916. NO. 7. Editorial Chat.

Length of THE average length of underlying healthful living but let them Human Life. human life in the Dark also by their practice show the public the Ages has been estimated at less than twenty better way. years. While the death rate was very 0 * high the birth-rate too was high, yet Soldiers and THE free use of tobacco nevertheless Europe was very sparsely Tobacco. settled. Modern urban life as we know and especially of cigarettes it to day would have been quite impos- among the soldiers whether in training or sible a few centuries back when the people at the front must be deprecated by all lived in an age of pestilence and plague. thinking men and women. We have Now the average length of human life learned that alcoholic beverages are abso- in the United Kingdom is something like lutely worthless as far as health and forty years, or double what it was. This efficiency are concerned, and there is a doubling of human life is due not so much general consensus of public opinion that to the increase of vigour and vitality of sailors, soldiers, and civilians generally the human race but rather to a very are better off without drink. But what is marked improvement in hygiene and es- true of alcohol is also to a very large pecially in matters pertaining to public extent true of tobacco. Both are drugs health. Modern sanitation has made and both have an injurious effect upon the London not only the largest but also one body, and particularly upon the nerves, of the most healthy cities in the world. Com- the difference being one of degree rather than of kind. pared with the death-rate of even the rural 0 0 districts in the Dark Ages London may be Athletes and looked upon as a health resort of high THE harmfulness of to- repute. Tobacco. bacco is recognized by many athletes and physical trainers. Mr. Moral Obligation THE medical profes- Charles S. Dooin, manager of the Phila- of Doctors. sion is generally delphia Club of the National League realizing the moral obligation resting upon (U.S.A.), condemns cigarettes in the fol- its members with regard to instructing the lowing terms :— public in matters pertaining to health and Cigarettes I regard as injurious, and hygiene. The people are beginning to they are absolutely tabooed on our team." look to the doctors not only to cure dis- The President of the National League ease but, which is far more important, to made the following statement of Mr. Mack prevent disease, and that is indeed their and his world. champion base ball club :-- proper function at the present time. We " His success is largely due to the fact ought to recognize far more than we do that he can put in the field a team of nine that prevention as regards sickness and men who have not tasted liquor. Of that disease is far in advance of cure. Let the wonderful nine of his, none ever tasted doctors not only preach the principles liquor, and but one ever uses tobacco. 194 GOOD HEALTH. July,

Connie Mack's success is substantial; a large amount of resistance to cold, to every move he makes is with a definite germs, to sickness, and untoward circum- purpose." stances and conditions of all kinds. But when that resistance has been lowered he " Home Run Baker" THE star batter of naturally succumbs to sickness and disease on Smoking. t h e Philadelphia more easily. Confinement in close, over- Athletics, known as " Home Run Baker," heated rooms, whether at home or on makes the following statement with re- business premises, is one of the most com- gard to alcohol and tobacco:— mon means of lowering physical resist- " I never did drink nor smoke. If any ance and thus rendering one more suscep- youngster wants advice from one who tible to colds, influenza, and other dis- doesn't mean to preach, here it is : leave orders. Carelessness with regard to foot cigarettes and tobacco alone, and don't covering is another important factor. touch booze' now or at any time. Mine is Cold, wet feet materially reduce the re- the total-abstinence platform for both sistive powers of the body and often ren- liquor and tobacco." der one liable to infection. The same results from sitting in cold, damp, and foul halls, churches, chapels, and theatres, The Drug ON account of the serious the ventilation of which is usually con- Famine. shortage in drugs the people spicuous by its absence. of the Uaited States have been warned to * * " keep well." Seventy five per cent of American ACCORDING to the statistics the drug supply of the States is obtained Indians. from Europe and now on account of the for 1915 there were 333 010 war most of this supply will not be avail- Indians in the United States. Of this able. This is only one of the minor bene- number 101,521, or a little less than one- fits of the war for it is bound to teach the third, are classified as civilized. Until people that it is just as well not to depend very recently the Indians have been dying upon drugs for the cure of disease. out, but the death rate has been gradually reduced until last year it was 30 5 per thousand living and the birth-rate 35 25 Increased Use IT is estimated that thus showing a slight increase in number. of Cosmetics. America spent fifty mil- Tuberculosis remains the greatest enemy lion dollars (110 000 000) last year for of the Indian and last year accounted for face powders, rouge, freckle lotions, and 35 08 per cent of all deaths or something other " beautifiers." According to these more than one out of three. The United statistics the use of cosmetics has more States Government has taken pains to than doubled in the past ten years while instruct the Indians in sanitation and the increase in population has been less hygiene, and this doubtless accounts for than twenty five per cent. What useless the slight increase in population instead of waste ! We should like to know how the usual decrease which has been wit- much money is thrown away in this coun- nessed for so many years in the past. try on unnecessary and worthless, yes, But infant mortality among the Indians is and sometimes harmful toilet prepara: still high, and, like that of far more civi- tions. Undoubtedly hundreds of thou• lized people, much higher than it ought to sands of pounds are wasted annually. be. Water and soap are the best cosmetics and are all that are required. " Eat Less WE are still urged by the * * Meat." Government to eat less meat Prevention IT is a well-known fact that and if people only realized the benefit in of Influenza. influenza is a contagious health, strength, and vitality that would and infectious disease and there is plenty ensue by cutting down animal flesh to the of evidence forthcoming to show tnat minimum there would be no danger of a influenza "carriers" ale common. A man meat famine. There is no need of taking who is enjoying robust good health possesses meat of any kind for breakfast, for a small 1916 GOOD HEALTH. 195

helping once a day provides an ample deficiency in what have been called anti- supply of the repair and building nourish- scorbutic foods and we have also known ment material which is the chief ingredi• that rickety children are always benefite ent of lean meat. When one uses fat in by a liberal supply of milk and cream as the form of butter or margarine little if well as fresh fruit.- Scurvy is very rare any other fat is necessary. A breakfast nowadays even on ship beard because care consisting of brown or standard biead and is taken to provide a sufficient abundance butter, oatmeal porridge and milk, stewed of fresh vegetables and fresh fruit, the use fruit such as prunes or currants or a few of which prevents scurvy. Lemons, dates with or without an apple or a banana limes, and oranges may be regarded as makes a wholesome, nourishing, and well. particularly valuable anti-scorbutic fruits, balanced meal on which to start the work but all fresh fruit and fresh vegetables pos- of the day. A few pine kernels or other sess the same property in varying degree. nuts may be added if desired. Pine ker- It is interesting to note that cream and nels make an excellent substitute for ham milk contain what is supposed to be a or bacon and are far superior in food vitamine which is not destroyed by heat. value and wholesomeness. Only very small or rather minute quanti- ties of the vitamines are necessary to maintain normal health and strength but Vitamines. A GOOD deal is being said a certain minimum amount appears to be nowadays about the importance of vita- absolutely necessary. mines which appear to consist of food principles which are absolutely indispens- able to health. To the old-fashioned list The Farmer Feeds Them All. of food elements—proteins, carbohydrates, THE politician talks and talks, fats, and mineral salts we must now add The actor plays his part, The soldier glitters on parade, vitamines. These new elements are con- The goldsmith plies his art, cerned chiefly with the quality of the food The scientist pursues his germs rather than the quantity. If the protein O'er this terrestrial ball, or albuminous element of the food is de- The sailor navigates his ship, ficient in certain constituents known as But the farmer feeds them all. amino acids and especially the aromatic The preacher pounds the pulpit desk, amino acids such as tyrosine and trypto- The broker reads the tape, The tailor cuts and sews his cloth phane, a superabundance of other amino- To fit the human shape, acids is not sufficient to compensate for The dame of fashion dressed in silk the loss, and such a diet would not be able Goes forth to dine, or call, to maintain the soundness of the living Or drive, or dance, or promenade, But the farmer feeds them all. tissues nor the activities of life. In other words, some one of what are now known The workman wields his shining tools, The merchant shows his wares. as deficiency diseases would be liable to The aeronaut above the clouds follow. Fortunately the vitamines appear A dizzy journey dares ; to be especially abundant in uncooked But art and science soon would fade foods such as fruits of all kinds, nuts, and And commerce dead would fall If the farmer ceased to reap and sow, particularly fresh salads including lettuce, For the farmer feeds them all, watercress, tomatoes, celery, young spin- —Scientific Farmer ach leaves, etc. It is a good practice to have a generous salad at least once a day and to serve it with a little olive oil and r- Took the Only Thing Left. lemon juice instead of vinegar. r" DID the trained nurse take your tem- perature ? " asked the man of his conva- 1, Deficiency AMONG the more common lescent friend. Diseases.' deficiency diseases are ric- " Yes," responded the sick man. " After kets, scurvy, pellagra, and beriberi. We the surgeons got through with their charges, have long known that scurvy was due to hat was about all there was left to take." 196 GOOD HEALTH. July, BALDNESS. BY A. B. OLSEN, M D , D P.H. BALDNESS of the head may be either effectively the nourishment of the hair physiological, when it is probably a matter roots. The preventive treatment obviously of heredity, or pathological, when it is has to do with food supply and anything associated with disturbance of the nutrition that will improve the nutrition of the body of the hair, whether caused by a tight hat as a whole ought to and doubtless will re- band or some disease. The baldness may tard the loss of hair. It is always im- be either partial or complete, and temporary portant for those who are advancing in or permanent. It is not uncommon to years to maintain a certain amount of lose the hair after some very severe illness daily activity and to cultivate the fresh such as an attack of typhoid fever. But air and the outdoor life as much as cir- in these cases the hair soon grows again cumstances permit. and usually a full and luxuriant growth There is little doubt but that if men takes place whether hair growers are re- were content to go without hats the growth sorted to or not. and the vitality of the hair would be greatly There must be some reason why men benefited. Although unnecessary in this are far more liable to baldness than country except in rare conditions, the women. Some think it may be due, at wearing of hats by men is a matter of least partly, to the ill ventilated hats and habit and custom and is probably a fashion the tight hat bands which men so fre- that will not die out for a long time. quently wear. The latter must interfere Doing without hats would be a very con- with the circulation of the blood and to a siderable economy both to the individual certain extent diminish the nourishment male and to the nation. If we put the of the hair roots. average annual cost of hats per capita for Causes of Baldness. males only at 3/ , there would be a total 3,375,000 which would make a The more common causes of baldness saving of ,4. may be briefly summarized as follows nice little contribution to the war funds of heredity, old age, tight hat bands, over- the Exchequer. We are inclined to think heating of the head as when working near that an equal amount could be readily a gas jet, fright or other forms of shock, saved on the hats of the other sex and still injuries of the scalp, damage or destruction enable them to wear a modest and comfort- of the nerves of the scalp, dandruff and able hat. But it must be said that with certain diseases of the scalp including rare exceptions a lady's hat does not inter- those caused by parasites, and, finally, fere with the health of the hair so that constitutional diseases and particularly from the hygienic standpoint they are syphilis. Anything that interferes with innocent. Hair Brush Drill. the nutrition of the scalp must retard the growth and development of the hair, and As far as possible the causes which are sooner or later lead to some degree of at work in destroying the hair should be baldness. removed. Furthermore, five or ten The Treatment. minutes should be given to the efficient Little or nothing can be done as regards brushing of the hair morning and evening. heredity although it is worth while for Use a medium stiff brush and administer those who are prone to baldness to seek to the brushing to all parts of the scalp alike. maintain as high a degree of general health After the hair drill there is no objection to and vitality as possible. There is no doubt moistening with a little water provided but that the state of the general health of the hair is naturally oily. But if the hair a person influences more or less the health is dry it is wiser to rub in a very little of the scalp and the hair. The baldness paraffin, vaseline, or some other plain hair of old age is due to nutritional changes oil once or twice or even three times a that creep on with advancing years and week. serve to lessen gradually but none the less Massage of the scalp with the finge 1916 GOOD HEALTH. 197 tips for five minutes morning and evening quired. After the scales are removed the is an excellent means of keeping the hair exposed parts should be treated with a in a healthy state and thus preventing little paraffin or vaseline and the shampoo baldness. Faradic electricity, using the repeated once a week. In the meantime wire-brush, and also static electricity and massage of the scalp and the daily hair high frequency have been recommended drill with a brush should be resorted to for preventing and treating baldness. In and this will help to make the cure per- the hands of a skilful physician such manent. electrical treatment can do no harm and Ringworm of the scalp is always liable there seems every reason to believe that to produce more or less baldness if not real benefit will accrue. promptly treated. It is one of the most obstinate of skin diseases to deal with and The Shampoo. diligent daily treatment for months is It is a good practice to shampoo the hair usually necessary for permanent success. with soft, tepid water and a mild soap once An ointment of sulphur or mercury is a week or once a fortnight. This will necessary in dealing with ringworm and keep the hair clean and also prove a real aid to the healthfulness of the scalp. It is necessary to wash out the soap well before drying and then take pains to dry both the scalp and the hair so as to avoid taking cold. If the hair is habitually dry and lacks oil a little paraf fin may be rubbed in with the finger tips after the hair has been properly dried. But it is a mis- take to keep the hair in a greasy state. If the water is hard it should be boiled before using. The addition of a very little borax to the water will THE MILL AT ICILLIN. add to the effectiveness of the shampoo. should be applied daily and every care Diseases of the Scalp. should be taken to prevent spreading of the infection. Ringworm, as the name Seborrhcea or dandruff is the most indicates, is a parasitic disease and de- common disorder to which the scalp is cidedly catching, so that the greatest care subject. There are numerous degrees of will have to be taken, and especially in dandruff. In the mild form dandruff is a dealing with children. little more than a slight excess in the Ordinary eczema of the skin also has a natural elimination of epithelial scales tendency to produce baldness and if for no from the scalp, but in the severe degree other reason prompt measures should be great crusts of scales form and if the taken to treat it and thus bring about a disease is not treated promptly and effici- cure. But it is well to bear in mind that ently some measure of baldness will follow. constitutional measures are necessary in If the scales of dandruff are dry and thick dealing with all forms of eczema and the it is well to wash thoroughly using warm diet and drink require careful attention. water and green soap if necessary. But When syphilis attacks the scalp the loss as a rule a milder soap is all that is re- of the hair is almost always permanent. 198 GOOD HEALTH. July.

In this case the hair is lost not only from other hand, as long as the hair roots have the scalp but also from the face and the not been destroyed the hair will grow eye lashes and eye brows too are likely to again whether treated with hair growers• be effected. It is well to bear in mind or not. Most of the hair tonics, hair that when the hair roots or hair follicles restorers, and hair dyes are more liable have once been destroyed no remedy is to do harm than good and it is an ex- available to make it grow again no matter cellent rule to avoid all such preparations what the claims may be. Again, on the entirely.

THE EMPTINESS OF " PALMISTRY." PALMISTRY or chiromancy is one of panzee and other man like apes, and were: the oldest of the large family of systems specially exhibited under my direction in for foretelling the future. It existed in the upper gallery of the Natural History China 4,000 years ago, and is treated in Museum. But no palmist ever read the the most ancient Greek writings as a ape's hand, although, according to the well known belief. The gipsies probably great and authoritatives treatises on brought it with them from India. Those palmistry, it would be perfectly easy to who practise palmistry pretend that by do so, since every variation in the lines the inspection and proper interpretation of and the monticules has been mechanically the various irregularities and flexion folds dealt with, and its supposed indications of the skin of the hand the mental or moral precisely determined by a formal set of dispositions and powers of an individual rules. There are similar lines on that can be discovered, and not only that, but part of the foot in human infants and in that the current of future events in the the adult apes which correspond to the life of an individual are indicated by them. palmar surface. But no palmist has To this it is customary to add nowadays attempted to deal with them. The fact is the pretence of a revelation by these same that the attributions Indicated by such markings of events in the past life of their names as the line of heart, the line of life, owner. It is only what we might have the line of the head, and the line of fortune expected that primitive man, seeking for are purely arbitrary, as are those of the signs and occult mysteries, should have monticules Venus, Jupiter, Saturn, the found in the varying folds of the hands— Sun, Mercury, Mars, and the Moon. In the organ of organs "—something to ex- past times there have been great diver- cite his tendency to attribute magical im- gences in their interpretation by different portance to what he could not simply schools, and the present uniformity is as explain. The folds of the skin of the devoid of any conceivable relation to fact palmar surface of the hand are, as a matter as were the former divergences. It is of fact, so disposed that the thick loose impossible to discuss the asserted correla- skin shall be capable of bending in grasp- tion of the lines and monticules of the hand ing, whilst it is held down to the skeleton with either character or life history, since of the hand by fibrous lines of attachment, no facts are offered in support of the so as to prevent its slipping and the con- notion that there is such a correlation. sequent insecurity of grip. The swellings We have bare assertion, and nothing more, bounded by the lines of folding and fixture as in most of the other doctrines of magic. are called " monticuli " by the palmist, — Sir Ray Lankester, (Diversions of a and are simply subcutaneous fat, which Naturalist.) acts as a padding, or cushioning, and pro- jects between the lines of fibrous attach- ment of the skin to the deeply placed The Hearty Laugh. bones. They differ slightly in different "ONE good, hearty laugh is a bombshell individuals, as do other structures. exploding in the right place, while sr leen These same lines and monticuli are and discontent are a gun that kicks over present in the hands and feet of the chim- the man who shoots it off."

1916 GOOD HEALTH. 199

Simple Lessons in Physiology. BY A. B. OLSMN, M.D., D.P.H.

THE CHAMBERS OF THE HEART.

WHAT we call the heart consists really tively thin and are composed chiefly of of two muscular force pumps lying side muscle with a certain amount of tough by side and joined together, and separated fibrous tissue. These walls are not only only by a strong fibro muscular membrane thin but flaccid and readily relax or or partition. Each side of the heart or collapse after death when the blood is rather each pump is complete in itself and withdrawn from the auricles. each contains two distinct chambers. The Ventricles. The Auricles. The ventricles are slightly larger than The upper chambers of the heart are the auricles and have a capacity of about known as the auricles and the lower four ounces of blood. The right ventricle chambers as the ventricles. The right is a triangular chamber the muscular auricle is a somewhat cube shaped space walls of which are much stronger and with a capacity for about three and one- thicker than those of the auricles. There half ounces of blood. It is lined by the are just two doorways from this chamber, endocardium, a smooth, glistening mem- the tricuspid opening already mentioned brane. On the back wall of the auricle and the pulmonary orifice leading into the are the openings into the two large veins pulmonary artery which carries the blood which bring the blood back from all parts to the lungs. As we shall learn later on of the body. The blood from the head, this artery divides very soon into two neck, upper part of the chest and arms branches, one for the right and the other returns to the heart by the superior vena for the left lung. cava. The rest of the blood from the The left ventricle is a flattened conical lower part of the chest, the abdomen with chamber with the base of the cone pointing its internal organs, and the lower limbs is upward and the apex downward. Its carried to the heart by the inferior vena muscular walls are fully three times as cava, which opens into the right auricle thick as those of the right ventricle and a little below the superior vein. Besides therefore very much stronger. This great these two openings we have a third door- strength is necessary because it is the left way known as the tricuspid orifice which ventricle which propels the blood into the communicates with the right ventricle aorta and through that artery and numerous below. This is the largest door of the other arteries to all parts of the body right heart and will admit three fingers. down to the finger tips. The left ventricle The left auricle is of equal size and very also bas two openings only, the mitral much the same shape as the right. There orifice already mentioned communicating are four comparatively small openings for with the left auricle above, and the aortic the four pulmonary veins which bring the opening leading into the largest artery in blood back from the lungs, where it has the body. The orifice of the aorta is circular been aerated or supplied with oxygen. in shape and like the other large openings Below is the doorway to the left ventricle is provided with a set of valves which act known as the mural orifice. It is oval in as a door to close the chamber after the shape and admits two fingers. blood is driven out, thus preventing it from The walls of the auricles are compara- flowing back again. 200 GOOD HEALTH. July, nitt, 4144z sipalpw, AM\ v A.. , •it 717 From Fet~erc to Freedom_ •;r1..

Rothwell, who knew Harry quite well, having met him several times before while on a visit to his father's home, ran forward SYNOPSIS ON PREVIOUS CHAPTERS. to welcome them. Harry Stratton and Philip Norton are chums and fellow- " Very glad indeed to see you," he said, clerks at the local post office of the town in which they live. The former is a lifelong food-reformer and has exer- shaking hands with them both with genu- cised a good influence over the latter—who had given way ine north-country vigour. Hope you have somewhat to dissolute and irrational habits—to the extent that Philip is now a total abstainer from alcoholic drinks had a pleasant journey." and a non-smoker; he is also favourably inclined toward food reform lines. With the holidays approaching they Very pleasant indeed," replied Harry. have arranged to spend them together on a tramp through North Wales, taking with them a portable tent equipment " We made the acquaintance of some very for sleeping, cooking, etc. • The first stages of their journey interesting travelling companions, which are described in the instalment below. made the journey bright and enjoyable." " That's right," returned Mr. Rothwell. CHAPTER VI. " Now," he added with that brisk, busi- Y the time the Whitsuntide ness-like energy peculiar to the practical holidays came round Harry northerner, " let us make the best of the and Philip had their plans for time at our disposal. It is only just four; the trip well matured. It how would you like to spend half an hour was arranged that they should at the swimming baths before coming home go to Manchester by train with me ; it would freshen you up a bit." and begin their tramping tour " Thanks very much, Mr. Rothwell," from there. They had already written to replied Harry, " the very thing I was an old friend of Mr. Stratton's, Mr. Roth- longing for." well by name, telling him of their inten- " And I too," added Philip, his eyes tions, and their desire to spend a few hours glistening at the prospect of a plunge in in the great northern metropolis before the cool water. commencing the journey to North Wales; So away they went to the public swim- and the return post had brought a cordial ming baths, returning half an hour later invitation from Mr. and Mrs. Rothwell and looking the picture of freshness and vigour, family for them to stay over the night and feeling quite ready for the ample following their arrival in the city. repast which bright, bustling, busy little It was early in the afternoon when the Mrs. Rothwell had already prepared for train bearing Harry and Philip steamed them. The whole family, from Mrs. Roth- into the huge station, introducing them for well down to the tiny toddler of three, who the first time to the far-famed city of was the fifth member of this happy house- Manchester, with its bustling energy, hold, gave them a right hearty welcome, smoky atmosphere, and dirt- begrimed the younger members hailing their visitors buildings. Both of them had thought with boisterous shouts of delight. their own native town somewhat smoky Both of our heroes did full justice to and grimy, but they had to confess that the appetizing and wholesome viands beside the leaden atmosphere of this in- spread before them. It may be mentioned dustrial centre of the north it was, com- here that the Rothwells, like the Strattons, paratively speaking, a model of cleanliness were ardent food reformers. , Flesh foods and atmospheric purity. had no part in their dietary. Nor were As they issued from their station Mr. tea and coffee served at their table. The 1916 GOOD HEALTH. 201 evening meal on this occasion consisted of impossible," he declared, " to describe wholesome home-made wholemeal bread Manchester in general terms, for within and butter, stewed fruit with fresh cream the city boundaries the conditions vary and home-made cereal coffee, besides sun- from the most squalid of slums to suburban dry cakes and dainty blancmanges. and almost rural beauty." After tea the whole party, including The evening was well advanced before Mrs. Rothwell, sallied forth to view the the party returned home thoroughly tired city, the younger Rothwells clinging de- and quite ready for their beds. So they lightedly round Harry and Philip and retired almost immediately, Mrs. Rothwell talking volubly all the time. As they promising Harry and Philip that an early were on the south side of the city, and breakfast should be ready for them so most of the public buildings of Manches- that they could start off in good time ter are in the centre and south, they were before the heat of the day developed. able to view them conveniently in the And she was as good as her word ; for time at their disposal. " The masses of when the young men came downstairs at the population," explained Mr. Rothwell six o'clock the next morning they found as they walked along, " live beyond the everything in readiness for their morning city boundary and come to their daily meal. And a lovely morning it was. The work by tram and train. And a very sun shone brilliantly and the morning air mixed population it is, made up very con- was fresh and invigorating, although the siderably of Germans, Armenians, and day promised to be a warm one. Break Jewish residents. The houses, as you fast finished, they prepared to start on the notice, are for the most part of brick, and trip. the public buildings of stone, which is Of course it must be kept in mind that soon blackened by the smoky atmosphere. our friends were not i n the least It is only in the suburbs that gardens are concerned about establishing records as possible ; the air is so laden with black professional pedestrians. dust, and the rivers, in spite of all the They intended to spend a efforts to keep them clean, in the centre of pleasant and profitable holi- the city are mere dirty ditches. It is day, walking briskly o r

THE FIVER DEF. 202 GOOD HEALTH. July, leisurely as it suited their taste and con- farther on, where they expected to halt venience, taking time to view the scenery for lunch. and drink in the beauties of nature, free On their arrival at the last-named place from restriction, hurry, or distraction. they looked about for an inviting spot Nevertheless they had in mind a general where they could enjoy their midday meal. plan of their journey. According to this Finally they decided on a place beneath plan they hoped to reach Northwich early the shade of a huge oak, where a quantity that same evening, a distance of about of hay had been strewn from a neighbour- twenty-five miles from their starting ing stack. Here they unstrapped their point. burdens and prepared to do justice to a Merrily they started off with their bag- wholesome meal of egg and tomato sand- gage and equipment fastened neatly and wiches, some home-made cakes and fresh securely on their backs. They felt like fruit, which their thoughtful hostess had schoolboys released from school as they pressed upon their hands as they left her waved goodbye to the Rothwell family hospitable home. Never did food taste who stood watching their receding figures sweeter, never were appetites keener, nor as they stepped out gleefully towards digestions in better trim. Stretford and Altrincham. As they left After lunch had been despatched, over the city behind and pushed into the coun- which they had laughed and chatted con- try they took long, deep draughts of the tinuously, Harry and Philip decided to pure, fresh air, which produced sensa- spend an hour in reading from some inter- tions of ecstasy and delight known to all esting and profitable books on travel, with true " knights of the knapsack." which they had supplied themselves for In about two hours after their start they the journey; for they intended to make found themselves passing through Al- their holiday educative as well as enjoy- trincham, a town about eight miles south- able in every way. Their reading fin- west of Manchester, and heading for the ished, they enjoyed a wash at the pump small town of Tabley, some nine miles in the nearby farmyard, drying themselves

11 lo II 111111

111' .4m_. AA wilhAANA. 7w",:`1 1916 GOOD HEALTH. 203 with their towels which, of course, formed part of their necessary equip- ment. Then, like giants refreshed, they pressed blithely forward to cover the remaining six miles which stood between them and North- wich, where they had planned to pitch their tent for the night. It was about six o'clock in the even- ing when they came in sight of the quaint little town of Northwich, lying in INSIDE THE ROWS. a low open valley at the confluence of the rivers Weaver ately, but lay talking, every now and then and Dane. On entering the place they stopping to get the full benefit of some were struck with the narrowness and specially enchanting music from the irregularity of its streets. They noticed feathered songsters above them, or to ad- also that many of the houses were stronply mire the freshness and beauty of the scene bolted. This they learned was to keep which met their gaze through the open them secure from the subsidences which doorway of the tent. As soon as the sun result not infrequently from the pumping showed its fiery head above the horizon of the brine ; for Northwich is the centre our two companions thought it was time of the principal salt producing district in to be stirring, and they were quite ready the United Kingdom. to do so, notwithstanding their twenty five Having secured a favourable pitch for miles' journey of the previous day; for the night they erected their tent and sat their sleep on the bosom of mother earth outside to enjoy their simrle evening had been sound and refreshing. meal of wholemeal bread and butter and As it happened they had pitched their fresh fruit which they had purchased in tent not far from the river, so they the town. This finished, the evening gripped their towels and trotted down to being quite warm, they sat outside the the bank and plunged into the clear cool tent and chatted and read until the light waters to enjoy a few strokes up and down began to fade. Then they spread out the stream, after which they felt delight- their rubber sheets on the ground of their fully fit and fresh, and certainly quite tent, tucked themselves in their warm ready to break their fast. Harry ran off woollen sleeping-bags, covered themselves to a farm near by and secured some fresh over with their blankets, and were soon warm milk straight from the cow, and this fast asleep. with bread and butter, a granose biscuit or Hardly had the first grey streak of two, and some dates made a substantial dawn appeared when they were awakened and wholesome breakfast. by a perfect chorus of chattering and By six o'clock they were ready to con- twittering in the trees which proceeded tinue their journey toward Chester, which from the birds. Some rain bad fallen in was now only five miles distant. Thor- the night, but only just enough to lay the oughly refreshed after a good night's rest dust, cool the air and freshen the growing and well fortified with a good " inside lin- vegetation. They did not rise immedi- ing " it took but one hour before they 204 GOOD HEALTH. J uly,

hove in sight of the ancient and historical its length, and may be described as con- cathedral city resting serenely in a low tinuous galleries open to the street, over plain on the river Dee. As they entered and under which the houses lining the it they were impressed with the picturesque street project, and which are formed as it and individual character of the place. were out of the first front floor of the They discovered that it was divided into houses, approached by flights of steps four principal blocks by four main streets from the roadway. The Rows are flagged —Northgate Street, Eastgate Street, or boarded under foot and ceiled above, Bridge Street, and Watergate Street which thus forming a covered way, standing in run at right angles from the Cross, and the same relation to the shops, which are terminate in the four gates. These four at their back, as the foot pavement does streets exhibit in what are called " The in other towns. On Northgate Street, on Rows " a cnaracteristic feature of the the other hand, the row on the west side city. Their origin is a mystery, and has is formed as it were out of the ground given rise to much controversy. In East- floor of the houses, having cellars beneath, gate Street, Bridge Street, and Westgate while on the east side the row is formed Street The Rows recede on each side of at the same elevation as in the other three the street throughout the greater part of principal streets. (To be continued.)

WORK AMONGST THE POOREST CHILDREN. THE wisdom and indeed the necessity would be her life work her attention was of taking better care of our babies and called to the condition that obtains amongst children has, we think, never been so the poor children of our large cities. thoroughly and so widely recognized as at This is what she says about the call the present time. In past years there has that seemed to come to her soul :— been a shocking wastage of child life due " Then, all at once as it seemed, I largely to ignorance, neglect, and poverty. awoke to the fact that the poorest children Even at the present time we lose one in in our big towns were not having a fair ten of the babies during the first year of and proper chance for their future, owing life. There is no doubt at all but that to their dreadful environment and deficien- this great wastage could be and ought cies. I saw them underfed, unwashed to be, at least, halved and even quar- and neglected, often diseased. And I tered. threw up all my hopes and aspirations for Whenever we find anyone working for fame on the stage and resolved to devote the poorest children and endeavouring to myself and my life to the children. . . . ameliorate their sufferings and distress " I began a big campaign for feeding and convert them into healthy and intelli- the poor and hungry schoolchildren at gent children, we ought to do everything Bradford soon after I got elected on the possible to encourage such work and give school board there. I gave all sorts of it the very heartiest support. We know lectures, addresses, etc., and wrote articles of no one who is doing better work for the galore about this. . . . I pursued the poorest of the poor children in London thing in season and out of season. For than Miss Margaret Macmillan. " Great how could we possibly expect the poor, Thoughts" (May 13th) contains an inter- weak, hungry little ones to learn and view with Miss Macmillan by George A. devote themselves to study when their Wade, B.A., and we take the liberty of very stomachs were crying out for food, quoting a few extracts to indicate the when their bodies were badly clothed, nature and the excellence of the work when their lives at home were nearly all that is being done for some of the poor that such ought not to be ? And, in due children of both Bradford and London. course, as doubtless you know, our crusade Miss Macmillan received a liberal edu- began to bear fruit, until to day it is a cation and was trained for the stage, but recognized course with most education before starting on what she anticipated committees throughout the land. . . . 1916 GOOD HEALTH. 205

The Open-Air Treatment. fold activities in operation at the clinic, in " Long experience has convinced me the orthopaedic institute, and in the camps, that poor and insufficient food, together all with almost touching simplicity, and with dirt and neglect, are responsible for measures most economically devised. I five sixths of the disease, sickness, and was struck by the fresh and healthy ap- evil social results in our land, so far as the pearance of the children in the camps, children go. So we give them proper and and I cannot forbear to state here my nourishing food, and plenty of it ; we take opinion that the simple principles on which care each one, however small, has a separ- Miss Macmillan's camps are erected pos- ate bed to sleep in—which is a luxury not sess a far greater value for raising the one in every health o f weak twenty of Dept- a n d debilitated ford's youngsters children than the enjoy !—and we open-air schools have them al- on the principles ways out in the of the Charlotten- open air, for eat- berg system.' ing, sleeping, We should playing, and like much to see school. Our the same kind of buildings are work multiplied specially ar- not only in Lon- ranged to admit don but in all of of this, as you our great cities will see, being until every little able to be opened child born in the on one or two Kingdom gets a sides, and with a fair chance to current of air al- grow up into a ways coming in good and useful and passing out man or woman. above. "' Our success with this treat- MRS. HIG- ment ? Well, it GINS, says " An- is hardly for us swers," was an to speak of it, incurable grum- but I may say bler. She grum- that several visi- bled a t every- tors, often from thing and every other countries, THE IDEAL CHILDREN'S HOLIDAY. one. But at last have praised the vicar thought highly and enthusiastically both our meth- he had found something about which she ods and success. Here is an article in this could make no complaint ; the old lady's monthly journal, ' School Hygiene,' written crop of potatoes was certainly the finest for by Dr. Poul Hertz, a Danish expert who miles round. was looking round our place not long ago.' " Ah, for once you must be well pleased," " I took the magazine she handed me and he said with a beaming smile, as he met read the close of Dr. Hertz's articles. He her in the village street. " Everyone's says there :- saying how splendid your potatoes are this 1 1 feel impelled to offer a tribute of year." admiration to the work founded in Dept- The old lady glowered at him as she ford by Miss Margaret Macmillan for the answered, " They're not so poor. But bettering of sick and necessitous school- where's the bad ones for the pigs ? "— children. I shall never forget the mani- Selected.

206 GOOD HEALTH. July,

HYDROTHERAPY. An Historical Survey. BY A. G. SIMMINS, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P. I 1, NIP iffileritii

THE use of water in the treatment of ful with the emperor's nephew, so that he disease dates from the earliest times. nearly lost his reputation. As the three During the last few centuries it has not essentials of a perfect therapeutic system, received very much attention from the Celsus named the bath, exercise, and fric- medical profession as a body ; recently, tion. The public baths of the Romans however, a renewed interest has been were brought to a high degree of perfec- observable. Let it not be supposed that tion, and hot and cold water, hot-air or at any time water therapy has been en- vapour baths, could be enjoyed at will. tirely neglected. From the time of the Of great importance is the statement of chemical and pharmaceutical researches the younger Pliny that the bath was of the Arabs in the tenth century and almost the exclusive means of treatment later, until the beginning of the nine- used in Rome during five centuries. In teenth century, drug therapy reigned more the second century A D. Galen used water or less supreme, but here and there arose extensively. men of wide repute and successful prac- It is noteworthy that Rhazes (A D 923), tice, though perhaps ostracized by the the Arabian physician to whom we owe recognized physicians of their time, who our first complete treatise on small-pox, used water as their chief remedial agent used cold water to reduce the fever in that with marked success. The names of disease. He also used it for measles, Floyer and Baynard, Currie and J ickson, vomiting, nausea, and diarrhoea. Hufeland, Oertel, Priessnitz, and Winter- The modern revival of interest in hydro- nitz, may be mentioned in this connection. therapy among all classes, including the The last name marks the transition period, medical profession, has been due mainly in which hydrotherapy changed from a to the enthusiasm and zeal of the men strange mixture of crude theories and mentioned at the beginning of this article. practices into an exact science. Floyer and Baynard published their The history of hydrotherapy is of great " History of Cold Bathing " in 1702. To interest. Records exist of the use of a slightly later period belongs a pamphlet water as a remedy by the ancient Egyp- by one Thomas Taylor, entitled : " Kick tians, Persians, Hebrews, and Indians. for kick and cuff for cuff, a clear stage An interesting Chinese prescription for and no favour; or, a refutation of a born- what would now be termed a wet sheet bastical, scurrilous postscript, wrote by pack dates from a period several centuries one who calls himself Gabriel John, others before Christ. Hippocrates (460 B.C.) still will have it Daniel Defoe, which he gives minute directions for the use of hot calls reflections on my Hudibrastick reply and cold baths. Much later Asclepiades to his Flagellum or dry answer to Dr. prescribed water in the form of hot and Hancocke's liquid book, etc. With two cold baths, douches, compresses, etc. His remarkable instances of cures by common disciple, Antonius Musa, successfully water, one of a malignant fever, and no treated and cured the Emperor Augustus less than seven in one family of the pesti- and the poet Horace, but was less success- lence." Several other German, Spanish, 1916 GOOD HEALTH. 207

Italian, and English investigators contri- in hydrotherapy, such as the combined buted serious and careful works to the use of water and electricity and the revival literature of the subject in this same cen- of vapour and hot air baths. In the fully tury. Currie (1750-1805) and Jackson equipped institution of to day is found did much to put hydrotherapy on a scien- apparatus for giving douches of any form tific basis, but it was reserved for Prof. to any part of the body at any pressure Oertel of Ausbach and Vincent Priessnitz and any temperature. The full bath, sitz of Austrian Silesia to popularize hydro- bath or Schnee bath may be used alone, therapy and to start that great wave of or with the galvanic, faradic, or sinusoidal enthusiasm which has led to the founding electric currents. Every facility is found of so many hydropathic institutions. In for the quick preparation of hot packs and the latter part of the last century Dr. fomentations, and cold compresses. In J. H. Kellogg and others further popular- addition there is apparatus for the produc- ized and extended the movement in tion of static and high frecpiency currents; America, this country, and elsewhere. and for the practice of light therapy— By using very simple methods in a white, red, or green light, or the ultra- careful, systematic, and observant way, violet rays. Massage, active and passive Priessnitz gained great success and a exercises, gymnastics, fresh air treatment, world-wide reputation. Since his time are also used, besides the ordinary medic- (1799-1850) many have been the advances inal and surgical methods of curing disease

Taking Stock of Daily Habits. Mary Knew. HAVE you examined the ordinary course RECENTLY the teacher was examining of your everyday life ? Have you looked the class in physiology. at all the items of your consumption and " And now, Mary," she a ked, " Can expenditure, and have you made up your you tell us what is the principal function mind on just and sound principles how of the stomach ? " much of that consumption is necessary for " Yeth, ma'am," answered Mary. "The the maintenance of efficiency and how principal function of the stomach ith to much is merely idle expenditure conse- hold up the petticoats." quent upon habit ? I address these ob- servations to myself and through myself to all of you. We have got to take stock of our daily habits, and to see by close examination how much we can really go without, how much we can give up of our ex- penditure without real detriment to our powers of work, and without sacrificing the obligations to others which we have undertaken.— Rt. Hon. R. Mc- Kenna. HIGHLAND CATTLE NEAR CALLANDER, 208 GOOD HEALTH July,

Conducted by Miss Gertrude Elizabeth Simmins.$

GARDENING FOR CHILDREN.

CHILDREN love digging in earth, or of children. There is a good foundation sand. They all love flowers. to go upon when introducing them to the I remember, how, as a child, I was art of gardening. never so happy as when out-of-doors, A great many schools are now realizing getting very dirty, in the little plot of the important part which nature plays in ground which was my very own. As for the education of children. In the garden, flowers—a lawn white with daisies filled they should, if carefully directed, lay the me with unutterable delight, and I remem- foundations of knowledge and of interests ber being wheeled along the road in a which should be of use to them all their lives. It is not enough just to give the child a plot of ground, some tools and seeds and then leave him to his own devices. His interest soon flags and he learns nothing. But, once started with a few sound ideas, and what is most important, a knowledge that the " grown ups " are interested in his doings, a child soon be- comes very keen and will work happily and keep good for hours. Spring is the best time to start the children's gardens. The day on which the little ones' plots are marked out is a red-letter day for them. PREPARING THE GROUND. Tools may be bought very cheap- ly. Where there are several chil- mail-cart and always asking to be " put dren it is certainly advisable to have plenty down" when T espied a particularly tempt- to go round or much quarrelling will ensue. ing clump of dandelions in the distance, Spades, rakes, hoes, hand forks, trowels that I might be ready to gather the for- and watering cans are all that are neces- bidden blooms, forbidden because of the sary, and if a small wheelbarrow can be stain their stems always left upon one's produced, so much the better. For my hands. school children I ransacked a 6id. bazaar I think it is the same with the majority for hoe and rake heads which, I think, /Miss Simmins invites the readers of "Good Health " to cost 3d. each. These fixed firmly upon write questions pertaining to gardening. These questions old broom sticks make splendid tools. I should be addressed to Miss Simmins, c/o "Good Health," Caterham, and a penny stamp enclosed. should advise getting trowels, hand forks 1916 GOOD HEALTH. 209

cursion into the unknown and wonderful. Thus let it remain. Never mind if the cabbages are not planted so speedily as those in une's neighbour's garden, if, dur- ing the process, a new insect has been discovered or the habits of the earth-worm been investi- gated. The cabbages can wait, but the insect will not, and the worm may never again give such a good opportunity of observing it. The older the child, of course, the better results may be expected in the garden. One cannot expect AT PLAY. much either in the way of useful ideas or steady work from very and small spades from a good ironmongers tiny children. With such it is best to as cheap ones very soon break. Good ones let them work seriously only for ten or cost only from 9d. to 1/- each, the spades fifteen minutes at a time, or gardening will more, according to their size. Garden lines become wearisome. can easily be made from cord and two From the age of seven, however, better pieces of stick. results may be anticipated. Competition The tools all ready to hand the first is a great stimulant even amongst the thing to do is to break the soil fine and level little ones. It should be the ambition of for seed-sowing. Forks and hoes will each child to possess the neatest and best break it down and the rake will make it stocked garden. level, always a difficult operation for The cultivation of vegetables should not beginners. be overlooked. The produce could be sold The child should be allowed to choose to the house at current market prices thus where to sow the different kinds of seed lending a commercial interest to the chil- but requires guidance in the actual seed- dren's work. sowing or the poor little seeds will stand a There is always work to do and some- chance of being cast into a deep hole never thing fresh to notice right through the more to see the light of day. year. In the spring there is seed sowing; The real interest comes when the seeds begin to germinate. How fascinating the tiny things are whom unseen forces are causing slowly to change from hard, dry atoms to real plants, which will in their turn bear fruit and so the cycle will continue. Children have .to be led to recognize this wonder. Their little minds cannot grasp it for themselves but very soon under careful guidance they learn to appreciate the beauties and mar- vels of nature. Then gardening becomes not merely a manual exercise developing sometimes into drudgery, but an occupation full of thrilling interest, an ex- DRAWING WATER FOR THE FLOWERS. 210 GOOD HEALTH. July, during the summer months, hoeing and opened, or the way to distinguish between keeping the plants free from insects, the twigs of an apple and a pear tree. caterpillars and slugs. Then during the This is only a short sketch in which I winter, the gardens must be well dug, and have tried to suggest some of the means leaves swept and collected to form leaf by which outdoor work for children may m 'mild for enriching next year's soil. result in their being trained, not only to Same children keep nature note books put their hands to useful work, but to and write down every day anything of develop their powers of observation. interest they notice out of doors - such as Such training should be invaluable in after the date on which the apple blossom life.

TWO BROTHERS. (From the Russian of Count Leo Tolstoi.) IN the olden times two brothers, Nathan we can help them more and more." Plac- and Jahn, lived on a hill of Jerusalem. ing the box of gold on his shoulders he They lived alone and worked hard, not for carried it to the city. themselves, their wants were few, but for There he built three large institutions— their poorer neighbours. They labou-ed one for the poor, one for the sick, and one to plant a garden of Charity and Good Will for the stranger—the rest of the money he and the fruit of that garden they bestowed gave away in charity. on the widow, the orphan, the sick and the The fame of Nathan's good deeds spread needy. All day long on Sunday they prayed far and near. He was respected and to G to bless their efforts and as a reward honoured so much that in time he forgot God used to send them the Angel of Peace all about his former life and did not want to console them. Thus their lives passed to leave the city. Yet in his heart he was in sim; licity, hard work and contentment. longing for his brother John. One Minday morning Nathan remarked One day he bade farewell to all his his brother's demeanour rather unsettled. friends, and dressing himself in his old He watched and saw that, instead of going clothes retraced his steps towards the bill to his walk as usual, he climbed to the of Jerusalem. As he approached the little top of a hill close by. When arrived there home, he marvelled at the foolishness of he ran round and round some object his brother in flying from the temptation gesticulating wildly, and then suddenly, as of gold. if terrified, rushed off in another direction. Suddenly the road was barred by the He determined to discover the cause of Angel of Peace ; the same angel that his brother's strange emotions. He also came in the old days to bless them, but mounted the hill. To his 'urprise he dis- his face now wore a contemptuous expres- co ver-d a box of gold. This, then was sion. the cause of his brother's furious demon. s ' Why, Angel, do you keep me from strations. He stood for some time con- seeing my brother ?" he asked in astonish- templating it, his eyes dazzled by the ment. yellow glitter. " Away from here l Away from here John," he solilcquized, " is young and You are not worthy to live with your inexperienced : it is the fear of the evils of brother," answered the holy angel. wealth which made .him so unsettled. Then Nathan told of all the good and There is no danger in go d on the contrary great things he had done with the golden it can be put to a good purpose and thous- treasure, the hungry people he had fed, ands can be helped by it. The evil is in the sick he had cured, the homeless who man not in money ,therefore why should John now dwelt in fine houses. have fled so hurriedly away from it? Alas! The angel replied ; You are still under we have been hampered all our lives in the influence of Satan's gold, it is he that helping humanity by lack of means, now speaks these words, not you. The salve- 1916 GOOD HEALTH. 211 tion of humanity comes not through gold thirds per cent, the Pennsylvania decrease but by personal labour and service." practically thirty-three per cent, and the And Nathan understood. Maryland dealers over forty per cent."— The two brothers were united again and The White Ribbon, N Z. dwelt as before in peace and contentment; living by the sweat of their brow and helping their neighbours with love and Joy. kindness.—Translated by Sidney Arnold. THERE are two kinds of joy ; the joy of youth, which is as the joy of the harp, when the fingers of the master musician Proof that Prohibition Does sweep its responsive strings till they vi- Prohibit. brate with eager music, quivering to the IN a recent report issued by the United skies ; and the joy of mature age, of pur- States Govern- ment, it w a s stated that the Federal Govern- ment's income from taxes on alcoholic bever- ages had de- creased by /400,- 000 this year. Another proof of decreased con- sumption is the numerous fail- ures of breweries and distilleries. Among them was the Hester Co- lumbus Brewer- ies Company, which gave as a cause of bank- ruptcy "de- creased demand for beer, adverse HEALTHFUL RECREATION. legisla ion, a n d the voting dry of many States and counties poseful manhood, which is as the joy of a in the last eight years," and the Ernest jewel that flashes out its life, set free by Tosetti Brewing Company, whose treas- the hard blows of the hammer and the urer said : " It is a matter of general burning discipline of the polishing wheel. knowledge among brewers that the liquor It is the last joy that is the greatest, for business in the United States has fallen our destiny is glory, our route is suffering. off more than thirty five per cent within —Charles H. Brent. the last year." The " Wall Street Jour- nal " : " Production of whisky in Ken- tucky in January, 1915, was 1 980 000 " HE used to be a great cricketer." gallons against 6,102 452 gallong in January, " He used to have everybody's respect." 1914; in Penn, ylvania 1 073 808 gallons " He used to run everything." in January, 1915, against 1 552 445 a year It is whisky, the poison destroying will before ; and in Maryland 506,919 gallons and power, that makes the man who can against 918 582. The Kentucky decrease into the man that " used to be."— Star for one month was sixty-six and two- Company. 212 GOOD HEALTH. July,

THE late Lord Kitchener whose photograph ap- LITERARY NOTICES. pears on our front cover was a great Englishman with a strong sense of duty, and a single-minded devotion to his work. He recognized that a sol- THE Sixth Annual Report (1915) of the Women's dier, to be at his best, must learn to conquer Imperial Health Association (Inc.), although con- temptations, and his memorable advice to the taining fifty two pages of matter and several fine armies he dispatched to France will be long re- half-tone illustrations, is nevertheless only a brief membered. Lord Kitchener recognized that tem- report of the many activities and splendid work perance was an important element in success. of the association. The aims and objects of the Few men of this generation have evoked so large association are both numerous and comprehen- a measure of public confidence. England believed sive. Raising the health standard of the nation in him because it saw in him a man, simple, strong, in a few words summarises the good work 'they self reliant, who would be faithful to any trust re- are doing. One of the most important branches posed in him, a man who would die before he of the work has to do with mother and infant would fail. Mr. Asquith's tribute, paid only a welfare, and they have already established a con- few days before the Field Marshall's sudden death, siderable number of infant welfare centres, where expressed the judgment of the country : " Like classes are held for the purpose of teaching the every good soldier duty came first with him. women the elementary principles of health ; par- He subordinated everything to that." Concerning ticularly with reference to the care and nurture of the manner in which Lord Kitchener attacked children. Half of last year was spent in organiz- the huge labours committed to his hands, the ing mothercraft exhibitions and conferences, an Premier said : " there has not been one single day enterprise that was highly appreciated by the in which Lord Kitchener has not laboured with public as witnessed by the large number of visitors. a zeal and a patriotic self-devotion—as I can say Rules of Health. from personal observation, and daily contact with him—beyond all praise." The following verses indicate the rules of health To whatever task Lord Kitchener devoted him- advocated by the association — self his ability and industry brought success. He " Fresh air at night, by day both air and sun, bolds an honourable place among the builders of Pure water, dust-free rooms, the hours made the Empire. good" 2 [C'' 13'M LW' fl) 8 With honest work, and just a little fun ; Dry, fresh, loose clothing, frequent baths, a hand Quick to give help—these, more than gold, are HE29INNIMMLNEXMO92lEf811811ENEHEINNSEHNINIEINNI wealth ; H ga While love and laughter fill a happy land : a Long life to all ! These are the Rules of Health." H Good Health na "The power of the King is in the health of his people." is secured Teeth. Excellent instruction is given with regard to the by using to care of the teeth as witnessed by the following statements :— H "To enjoy health the mouth must be kept clean. " Foods must be eaten which require chewing, such as bread toasted, meat, and fruit, such as N. apples. PORRIDGE DE LUXE K " These foods cause a flow of saliva, which The dainty spring and assists digestion and cleans the mouth and teeth. " Because we do not chew thoroughly and much summer breakfast dish. re of our food is soft and sticky, our teeth want brushing. NO HUSK NOTROUBLE " Our teeth should be brushed as we would brush out a hair-comb, not across, but from the COOKED IN 8 MINUTES gum towards the free edge. H " Decaying roots of teeth and tartar or ' fur ' For those with whom porridge does not are a serious danger to health." agree GROATEN may be served dry A copy of the report and full particulars of the H work of the association can be obtained from the from the packet, together with a little secretary, Miss E. M. James, B.A., 7 Hanover fresh cream or dried fruit. This makes Square, London, W. H a most delicious and sustaining diet. Free Sample and recipe leaflet from Dept. G.D. Glasgow Health Culture Society. ITT RAMBLES. CHAMBERLAIN, POLE & CO., LTD., July 1st.: Bothwell Priory. Meet at Uddington. July 29th.: Douglas Muir. Meet at Killermont. The Oatmeal Specialists, BROADMEAD, BRISTOL. H For further partioulars and Lecture List apply to Mr. D. Ferguson, The Bungalow, Nerston, East Kilbride. EXECHEIRIEMINEININNHGCSMANEMIii7NNEINCialtil 1916 GOOD HEALTH. 213

at the same time be nourishing. We take pleasure ADVERTISEMENT NOTES. therefore in recommending Groaten to our readers. " THE proof of the pudding is in the eating" sure enough, and nothing convinces so well as HOUSEKEEPERS will be finding Marmite very personal experience. If our London readers are useful now that meatless dinners are the order of at all sceptical about vegetarian dinners--whether the day, for with a good gravy an otherwise flat they taste nice or are nutritious enough to sustain and insipid dinner can be made tasty and enjoy- them, they should take a course of dinners at the able. There are a great many uses to which Food Reform Restaurant in Furnival Street', Marmite can be put, but we are wondering if it Holborn, E C. Here vegetarianism can be seen has occurred to our readers to send it to our boys in its best and most attractive form, and there is at the front. Marmite would be very useful to a pleasant surprise waiting the diner at Furnival them, for in addition to its use instead of animal Street who imagines that no matter what the extracts it is very nice for making dilicious sand- circumstances and cost of butcher's meat he can- wiches, and to our vegetarian friends nothing not do without it. would be more acceptable. And if you should be so enamoured with vege- To talk of oatmeal porridge on a warm day tarian dinners that you would like to spend your usually suggests a heavy, heating, stoggy meal, holidays this summer at a vegetarian boarding- but with Groaten it is very different. Groaten is house where there is practically no fear of Zeps made from the finest quality of Scotch oats and we recommend you to Loughtonhurst, Westcliffe prepared by a new patent process which retains Gardens, Bournemouth. Here you can be sure of the rich flavour of the best Midlothian oatmeal. a pleasant and comfortable home, and good Other points of excellence claimed by Messrs wholesome, appetizing food. Nothing could be Clamberlain Pole & Co. Ld. , the makers of Groaten, more ideal for anyone wishing to get acquainted are its digestibility, freedom from husk, and re- with food reform diet than a holiday at Loughton- markable lightness, and certainly not the least item hurst, for under the care of its capable manageress, for the housewife—that it can be cooked in eight the would be vegetarian will receive such treat- minutes. Of the nutritive value of oatmeal it is not ment as will doubtless make him a regular boarder necessary to speak--except to point out that at the Food Reform Restaurant in Furnival Street while food should be light in summertime it must when he returns to business.

10000000000.00P0

Custard and tinned FRUIT (or dried). There's less time than ever for cooking in these days I But you have in Bird's Custard and fruit, a series of delicious " ready-at-once " dishes. For instance, a tin of Pineapple Chunks—the children's favourite—or lb. of dried Apricots, stewed, served with Bird s Custard. There is no dish more delightful than this combination for lunch, dinner or supper. Nothing equals Bird's Custard with fruit, and it is made to perfection in one minute. Its egg like creaminess and exquisite flavor indicate not only purity but real nutriment. Try one of these Bird's Custard and Fruit dishes to-day. The flavor of the luscious fruit syrup with Bird's Custard is a revelation I Sold by,all Grocers in packets, boxes and large tins. c237e 214 GOOD HEALTH July,

• &I•0 0 • • • al • & 0 10 • • • 1 . • _— IT , ''''',10M11 *Al- Household Department ' 'II : •Itiii' ,',71"1)1;1,0))..' , • • ' ' _n , 4011i, rtii,

DRIED MILK AND ITS USE IN THE HOME.

WHOLE milk, providing it is pure and scarcely thought of twenty or thirty years clean, is one of the most complete and ago. But now the process has been perfect of foods and is preeminently use- developed to great perfection so that milk ful for infants, children, the sick, and the in the form of a dried powder can be invalid, and also the aged. But the pro- obtained at a very reasonable price. We viso is a very important one and such a believe it is true to day that dried milk is thing as really clean and uncontaminated less expensive than the ordinary milk sold milk is almost unknown. Certainly it is in London, and at the same time it is far not to be obtained in the average house- more wholesome, since it is free from con- hold, whether rural or urban, and the con- tamination and equally free from filth and dition of the ordinary milk supplied by germs of all sorts. even the best dairies in our large towns Three varieties of dried milk can be and cities is such that without sterilization obtained : whole cream, half cream, and it is scarcely fit for human consumption. separated. Of course the whole cream Too of ten the milk is a dangerous source milk powder is the most perfect food see- of infection and may contain the germs of ing that it contains all the ingredients of disease and be the direct cause of septic the new milk with the exception of the sore throat, dysentery, cholera morbus, moisture or water. There is the cream or ptomaine poisoning and other forms of fat, the protein or caseine, the milk sugar poisoning and typhoid fever. It is a well- and the various salts in their natural pro- known fact that from ten to twelve per portion so that whole milk is of itself a cent of the milk used in our cities contains complete food and contains all the various tubercle bacilli and is capable of setting food elements required by the body. The up tuberculosis of one form or another in half cream is identical with the full cream the consumer. Children and the frail and with the one exception of the fat constitu- the feeble are particularly susceptible and ent, which is halved. it is a well-recognized fact that the major- The Poor Man's Sanatogen. ity of tubercular glands in children cap be traced directly to the use of milk infected But the most satisfactory preparation with bovine, that is, cattle tuberculosis. for kitchen use and for ordinary table use is the separated dried milk which lacks Dried or Evaporated Milk. only the fat of the whole cream and con- While this is true of ordinary stale milk tains all the other ingredients of natural (for we cannot say fresh because at least milk. A good brand of separated dried ninety-five per cent of the people never milk, such as the " Cow and Gate " brand get fresh milk), which at best is a filthy prepared by the West Surrey Central food even though it may not be actually Dairy Co., Ltd., of Guildford, makes what contaminated with the germs of disease, may be described as the poor man's there is another form of milk which is free " Sanatogen," although we do not claim from these impurities and that is what is that it is identical in composition with known as evaporated or dried milk. The that well known preparation. Neverthe- art of evaporating the perfectly fresh milk less in our opinion separated dried milk is is an invention of comparative recent date superior as a tonic food to Sanatogen or and such a thing as dried milk was for that matter any of the various prepara- 1916 GOOD HEALTH. 215 tions which more or less resemble Sana- togen. True the evaporated dried milk does not contain glycero-phosphates or other forms of medicinal phosphates, but this we consider a distinct advantage ownia Recto rather than a fault. Milk powder pos- sesses another great advantage, especially in war time, and that is cheapness, for dried milk is far less expensive than any of the numerous so called tonic foods of which it is the chief ingredient. Substitute for Meat. Milk powder makes one of the best To avoid sleeplessness choose substitutes for meat and other forms of a animal flesh, and here again the price is for your last meal at night in favour of the dried milk. Milk powder food which will provide the is a much concentrated food and one pound maximum of nourishment in of separated dried milk contains as much body building material as two pounds and the most easily digested form. ten ounces of fresh beef, the cost working The ideal " night-cap " is out at about one-eighth, a very great con- sideration. Furthermore, the dried milk is a pure, clean food and there is no dan- ger of ptomaine poisoning, mild or severe, Lir which not infrequently arises from the 411414111;411 1.°M use of animal flesh. A tin of separated dried milk ought to Sleeplessness is due either to diges- be in the kitchen of every home. It can tive unrest following a heavy sup- be used in the making of gravies and per or no supper at all, or to nervous sauces. It can be mixed with the pota- exhaustion as the result of worry, toes when they are mq,shed, added to por- over-work, or anxiety. ridge or puddings, and utilized in a hun- dred or more ways to advantage. By the A cup of Ovaltine taken just before addition of a proper proportion of boiling retiring will prevent digestive un- water the milk powder can be readily and rest, at the same time supplying to instantly converted into ordinary milk and taken in that form. The dried milk can the nerves and brain an ample be put on the table and spread over supply of restorative material to mashed potatoes, porridge, purees, and repair the worn cells. many other foods as one would sprinkle sugar, only more freely. Ovaltine is a highly concentrated extract of It is well to bear in mind that the the vitalizing and building-up properties separated dried milk not only contains the contained in malt, milk, and eggs. It is prepared in a minute and forms a delightful full amount of body-building material but beverage with a delicious and appetizing also a large proportion of one of the most flavour. It contains no drugs or chemicals. perfect of sugars, the milk sugar, a fuel and energy producing food of the highest Obtained from Chemists and Stores at 112, 2/-, and 3/6. value. The Keeping Properties. FREE TRIAL SAMPLE on receipt of Id. stamp for postage. Among ocher advantages that dried A. WANDER, LTD., milk possesses is its remarkable keeping 3 & 4 Cowcross St., London, E.C. properties. When kept covered in the Works: King's Langley, original tin or in a glass or porcelain- Hertfordshire, covered dish in a dry, cool place it will P. 135 216 GOOD HEALTH. July, keep for weeks and even months in a per- This is readily done with a minimum of fect condition, while ordinary milk often- time and expense and the thriving baby times goes sour overnight and may be will be an ample reward for the slight unfit for use in the morning. This is extra trouble. Indeed, if the ordinary because of the abundance of germs found dairy milk is prepared in the proper way in the ordinary milk, which are absent for the infant it will require more time from the milk powder. Separated dried and trouble than the preparation of the milk makes a most refreshing and whole- dried milk. some drink and an admirable substitute Metchnikoff soured milk can also be for the afternoon tea. All that is wanted prepared from the dried milk by diluting is a jug of boiling water and a little stir- it with the necessary amount of hot water ring with a spoon so that one is able to and then preparing it in the usual way by prepare readily at any time and under the addition of the lactic acid culture. almost any conditions a refreshing and Ju::ket -; too can be made and there is sustaining drink. scarcely any use of natural milk that can- As infants' food there is no doubt but not be obtained readily from the dried that dried milk is far superior to the ordin- milk. ary dirty milk which is almost universally supplied to infants and children. The MR. BOWEN was having his Christmas very process of evaporation not only puri- dinner with the Reillys, and the seven- fies the milk and destroys the germs year-old son of the family was present. present but also renders it easy of diges- " And what are you going to be when tion even to the most delicate stomach. you grow up, young man ? " asked Mr. Careful experiments have shown that in- Bowen of the little boy. fants of six months or more thrive well on " Well," replied the boy thoughtfully, dried' milk when made up in the proper " after eI've been a minister to please proportion. But it is always well to make mother, an' a judge to please father, I'm the preparation fresh for each feeding. goin' to be a policeman." OINCY.a0 Ze02.02,R02,02,,,90.°SR A' Meat Substitutes gi FIRST IN 1895 g FOREMOST A EVER SINCE! 1 Nut meat is a unique preparation of the choicest nuts and wheat, it entirely takes the place of beef, mutton, pork, 1M at,o.t,o4,51ozAo2aozaozw.:§ot.ilogi and poultry; it will keep for three days after removal from the tin and if cooked on the third day will keep good for another three days. PROTOSE is the t Sst iaenadt a r d It is tasty, highly nutritious, and can be used in every way in which butcher's meat is used. Protose is easily di- gested, it is thoroughly cooked and ready for immediate use. It is made in three varieties: Original Protose. 1 lb. SPECIAL tin, 1/6; 1 lb. tin, 1/2; 1 lb. 9d. Pine-Nut Protose. 171 lb. tin, 1/81; 1 lb. tin, 1/9; 71 lb. tin, 10d. Hazel-Nut Protose. 11 lb. tin. OFFER: 1/91; 1 lb. tin, 113 ; 71 lb. tin, 10d. On receipt of the nominal charge of LIFE AND TH. 113 we will send makes delicious to any address in sandwiches the United King- NUTTOLENE dom our Special Nuttoletle. and can be made the basis of a number of very tasty and Sample Parcel nourishing dinners. Quite apart from the exigencies of the which contains war our Nut Meats are filling a want which intelligent people besides liberal kRE li)rE;112),It'its„TO in increasing numbers are recognizing; and for hot weather samples of Pro- tf nut meats are in every way superior to ordinary meat. lb. tose and Nutto- tin, 1/I; 1 lb. tin, 1/.; 71lb. tin, 7d. lene a choice se- lection of our foods together with "One Hun- INTERNATIONAL HEALTH ASSOCIATION, LTD., d r e d Hygienic Reefti, Iteelpeli;11, STANBOROUGH PARK, WATFORD, HERTS. and other useful Ili information. " Babies Love It." Invalids Thrive On It = 7 Z TLC U7M 7Lc 4c7]:== ': 7= 714

ri 04 [<1 To if D/1 A 0 Avoid ALL Milk Dangers Use [i The COW & GATE 0 GERM-FREE MILK It is the safe milk for all. A boon to mothers and housewives. ri

Three ar-- FULL CREAM, 1/-, 1/11, and 6/7. HALF CREAM, 10W., 1/8, and 4/9. Sold by Chemists Qualities. SEPAL 1TED, 1/- and 4/6. and Health Food Stores. k sor MAKERS:E WEST SURREY CENTRAL DAIRY CO., LTD., GUILDFORD.i[1 ki t S 7= . a . : : . . . =" 1 1=1= 7 = : 1= 17"Z "7 " "7 7 A G A Boon to Diabetics and all who need rapid tissue-building.

Our Gluten is prepared from the best wheat by a process of our own devising and we guarantee it to be L all that we claim for it. GLUTEN MEAL. Made in two strengths, 30% and 60%, thoroughly cooked and U ready for immediate use. In 1 lb. packets, 10d. and 1/8. GLUTEN BISCUITS. These are standardized also, they are handy to carry and can be eaten as an ordinary biscuit, either dry or with butter. T 1/- and 2/- per packet. GLUTEN BREAD. Acknowledged to be the best produced. It is a necessity to diabetics and invaluable to all who suffer from obesity. In E 1 lb. bags, 2/6. Ask your Health Food dealer for our Gluten goods or send direct to us. The International Health Association, Ltd., N Stanborough Park, Watford, Herts. 218 l oilm: July,

STINGS AND BITES. BY A. B. OLSEN, M.D., D.P.H. THE sting of an insect usually makes a acid. Some have recommended the appli- small punctured wound which of itself is of cation of a very little camphorated oil as little consequence. The pain, swelling, a preventive, and the use of carbolic soap and inflammation that may follow is not in bathing is sometimes sufficient to keep due to the slight puncture but to the poison off mosquitoes. Petroleum or paraffin, when of the sting, which may be virulent enough applied to the skin in the form of an oil to cause not only serious and grave symp- rub, also makes a good preventive against toms but even death. Frequently the insect bites. If the application of these sting too is left behind, and may some- preventives is made at night just before times be seen with the naked eye or a retiring, they usually offer sufficient pro- glass as a small black spot. Wasp stings tection until morning, when the treatment and bee stings have been known to pro- has to be repeated. duce fatal effects. To relieve the discomfort and pain of mosquito bites apply dilute ammonia, Wasps and Bees. menthol, or oil of eucalyptus. Camphor- The first thing to do after a wasp sting ated oil is also a good remedy, and spong- is to apply to the wound a little bicarbon- ing the inflamed parts with vinegar or ate of soda or better still ammonia. Every even lemon juice rarely fails to give speedy effort should be made to remove the sting relief. Keep the hands off the sore parts, if left behind, and this can usually be done and do not rub or scratch, which only by skilful pressing with the fingers or with serves to aggravate the mischief, even a key. A small pair of forceps will enable though it may give temporary relief. The one to pull out the sting without much application of cold wet dressings of plain difficulty. If a solution of ammonia is not water, or better still salt water, in the handy the contents of a smelling salts proportion of one per cent have a soothing bottle make a good substitute. If the effect and serve to allay the congestion or pain continues, soaking the part in very inflammation. hot water, or the application of hot fo Ticks and Other Insects. mentatims, will usually give speedy relief. Afterwards the wound may be dressed Ticks have a way of burying their beads with a little lint soaked in dilute ammonia in the flesh and are only removed complete or bicarbonate of soda to make it moist, with considerable difficulty. Sometimes a and then bandaged. drop of chloroform will get rid of the in- sect, but more often the head is left behind Mosquitoes and Gnats. and becomes a source of mischief and may A good preventive against the bites of have to be removed by the doctor's lance. gnats, including mosquitoes as well as other The wound should then be dressed by a insects, is sponging with a weak solution plain antiseptic dressing after first soaking of carbolic acid (one per cent). Sponging in hot water, or if that is impracticable, a with vinegar will also afford some relief, hot antiseptic fomentation may be applied. but it is not so effectual as the carbolic Harvest bugs may sometimes cause 1916 GOOD HEALTH. 219 most annoying bites, but the treatment is is not wise to kill a dog that has bitten much the same as that for wasp stings. someone, but rather place it under obser- When insects get into the ear, the best vation. The patient should be assured procedure is to have the patient lie down that there is not the slightest danger or on the sound ear, and then insert a drop chance of hydrophobia, and that under or two or three of olive oil, which promptly favourable circumstances the wound will drives the insect out. No instrument heal up satisfactorily in the course of a should be used to extract an insect from few days. It seems that worry and har- the ear except in the hands of the doctor. assing anxiety has not infrequently been Afterwards the oil may be washed out by the means of bringing on what we may a little warm water which is allowed to describe as a false form of hydrophobia, flow into the ear. causing great distress and misery and pos- sibly even fatal results. Dog and Cat Bites. Health and Susceptibility. The bites of dogs, cats, and rats are also punctured wounds, which are usually more The physical state and general health or less lacerated and are always poisoned, of the victim sometimes makes all the and should be treated seriously. If an difference in the results that follow the extremity is wounded it should be placed sting of an insect or the bite of some in hot water as soon as possible, and free larger animal. Those who are sound in bleeding should be encouraged. The flow- health and fit physically have no cause for ing blood is the best possible means of worry with regard to bites and stings pro- washing away the poison or infection and viding they follow the directions with re- thus bringing speedy relief. Instead of gard to treatment. In the course of a day plain hot water, one per cent Toxol, Izal, or two or three they will usually find Sanitas, or some similar antiseptic may be themselves quite well again. But the used. The water is also useful in cleans- frail, the feeble, and the sickly, whose ing the wound which is a matter of vital physical resistance has been greatly low- necessity. After soaking for half an hour ered through debility are naturally far or more in the hot water an antiseptic more susceptible, and greater care must dressing, consisting of lint soaked in two be taken in their treatment. In all such per cent carbolic or one of the other anti- cases the doctor should be called at once septics mentioned, should be applied to to attend even though it may only be a the wound, and then it should be bandaged. wasp or a bee sting. If it is impossible to soak the bitten part Some people even in health are far .n hot water an antiseptic hot fomentation more susceptible to the bites of mosquitoes cloth may be applied and bleeding should and gnats than others, and it is very be encouraged. It is always a wise course difficult to explain this difference. Such to send for the family doctor to attend a persons do well to adopt preventive meas- patient suffering from the bite of an animal. ures such as are mentioned above. The congestion and inflammation that Last but not least we must point out follows the bite in varying degree may be that the common custom of sucking a treated by hot water applications or fo- wound is fraught with danger and is a mentations, and should be carefully seen most foolish procedure. It not infre- and dressed each day by the attending quently happens in such cases that the physician. It is necessary to keep the mischief resulting is due rather to infec- wound open so as to provide free drainage tion from an unclean mouth than from the and it may become necessary to lance the actual bite or sting. Free bleeding is of wound freely in order to get rid of the infinitely more value than sucking, and if infection. free bleeding does not take place natur- Hydrophobia. ally the cut of a sharp knife is all that is It is well to bear in mind that hydro- necessary to produce it. This should of phobia is practically an unkncwn disease course be done by the attending physician, in the United Kingdom, and a year or if possible. In any case the knife must be more may pass without a single case. It surgically clean. 220 GOOD HEALTH. July, A PAGE FOR WOMEN* CONDUCTED BY MARIE BLANCHE. A Bit of Criticism. upon us at (birth and we had failed to make it MOST of us can remember how, when small habitual by practice in our lives, that cross, sour children, we boasted that we were made of " sugar expression returns, ugly lines, frowns, and sulky and spice, and all that's nice." At our juvenile looks come back to their own, and then what boy companions we hurled the insulting informa- happens? Oh, nothing, only that we are all tion that the unsavoury ingredients that went to vinegar and pins again. That's all. Now there his making were nothing better than " slugs and is really no reason on earth why you should be snails, and puppy dogs' tails." Those playfellows composed of such unattractive material. It is up of ours are grown up now, and they are having to us all to be as nice and as attractive as lies in their innings. They are cultivating their faculties us as individuals. If you are by nature grumpy, of criticism in a way not altogether complimentary crabby, malicious, it is quite within your powers to us womenfolk. They are none too reticent in to live these tendencies down, and by cultivating expressing their summing up. Quite obviously the opposite qualities to become as amiable as they do not think we are made of sugar and spice anybody else. Like every other habit the habit and all that's nice. Very much the reverse. One of being nice comes by practice. But make no clever gentleman, who is both cynic and humorist, mistake. There must be no affectation, no artifi- has scrutinized our sex with so much care and cial veneer, superficial gush, or sham good nature. observation that he bluntly and without the Nourish first the root of the plant and the blos- smallest semblance of mercy, says he could make soms will be beautiful. The flowers will be kindly a quite typical and average woman—I'm not sure actions, loving thoughts, considerate words. You he didn't even say he could make a better one— will forget self ; abandon tittle-tattle and your out of a bottle of vinegar and a penn'orth of neighbour's shortcomings; you will cultivate the mixed pins ! An astonishing recipe, is it not ? large, expansive view of life, that largeness of Now, we may not greatly enjoy it, we may not vision that makes you heedless of the trifling vexa- even wish, to see ourselves as others see us, but tions of every day, planting in the garden of your male opinion passed upon us is always more or soul a burning charity. Not easy, you say. Per- less interesting, and it is sometimes salutary to haps not, but much less difficult than you may indulge in a little careful introspection. Vinegar suppose. Try it for a few weeks. It seems to me and pins indeed ! Just think of it. How can any so well worth an effort, so very, very worth while. woman resemble in any sense such acid, prickly It is almost proverbial that women are particu- things? And yet, facing the criticism squarely, I larly spiteful and ill-natured in their dealings believe some of us do. Do not faces sometimes with each other. This is a characteristic fully suggest it, tongues declare it, actions prove it? recognized by our menfolk. Surely it is one which Unfortunately we are not all born with sweet we should make an effort to shake off. It's rather dispositions, and therefore our amiability has to humiliating to think that having made a start in be cultivated till habit becomes second nature. the nursery as sugar and spice we should now be Indeed, some of us appear to have been ushered labelled "vinegar and pins." The man who sums into the world in a towering temper and to have us up in those searching words would have a long indulged that attitude ever. since. We know it, way to go before getting to work on his average we hate it, but there it is. I suppose most of us woman with such a recipe if we made a stand and have friends with some special charm of manner, determined to cheat him of his chosen job. Let good temper, geniality, warm, spontaneous friend- us chase him back to the nursery for his ingredi- liness, unaffected sweetness, a sunny smile, a merry ents. He need not fear that we shall hurl the old laugh, a ready sympathy. We feel quite different nursery insults at him now ; we will make no re- in their society; they draw us out of our morose, prisals for his vinegar and pins. But we will ask narrow, surly selves. They brighten- the whole him to temper his judgment with a little mercy, atmosphere of the house, and while they stay we and especially to be sparing with the bonnet pins! too are amiable and smiling. We forget to talk He was careful to specify a mixed assortment, I scandal, to grumble about the way the world remember. treats us. Our tongues refuse to make ill-natured ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. remarks about our neighbours, we seem, in fact, to S.P.—I think your little boy needs more nourishment. be borrowing a little of our friend's good nature. Replace the barley water and lemon juice with milk. Also We are no longer vinegar and pins, but just sugar he should have milk with his breakfast, and at bedtime and spice and all the rest of it. instead of the orange juice. It would be wise to consult a doctor about the lump on his neck, and I would advise dis- When our guest has left we think about her continuing the massage of that part till you hear what the visit, admiring her happy, contented mind, envy- doctor has to say. Meanwhile keep the child as much in ing her sunny personality. We turn perhaps to the open air as possible, and have your rooms well venti- the looking-glass, and there we see reflected a very lated day and night.. different expression. While our friend was here R.B.—It is impossible for me to advise you at all satis- factorily knowing so little about the particular case. I we smiled and caught the infection of her bub- think you might get your mother or some elderly relative bling, buoyant spirits, her sparkling fun, but be- or friend to consult a doctor about you, he would be able to cause sweetness of disposition was not bestowed judge then of the cause of the trouble. Meanwhile I would caution you against taking any remedies advertised for the 'Correspondent should address Marie Blanche, Bunny- relief of what you suffer, as they are highly injurious, and view, Caterham Valley Surrey. dangerous in the extreme. ADVERTISEMENTS. Direct from Machine to Pioneers of Knitted Elastic Hosiery. Patient. 48 YOU NEED SUFFER NO LONGER FROM VARICOSE VEINS. Varicose Veins principally affect those who have to stand about a good deal, and if prompt measures are not taken, more often than not a serious operation has to be performed. Obviate this trouble by AT ONCE wearing a " WALCUR" Knitted Elastic Stocking. We have treated over 30,000 cases with success.

• The rubber being knitted into the garment in a spiral movement, this stocking is made entirely without a seam, fits like a skin, never wrinkles, rubs, or cuts the flesh. to readers of "Good Health." Fill in this coupon and secure a " Wal- 'SPECIAL OFFER cur " Stocking at the special price, 2/6 This special offer applies to first purchase only. COUPON. CUT OFF HERE

190 Broadhurst Gardens, WALTON & CURTIS West Hampstead, London, N.W. Please supply me with one " Walcur " Stocking at the special price of 2/6, which I understand is for the first purchase only, and for which I enclose P.O. for 2/6. My measurements are enclosed. Name (Mr., Mrs., or Miss) Address

ARE YOU TIRED 41 LISTLESS Wise Cooks Use WITHOUT APPETITE •IMF OR LOSING WEIGHT If so, ask your chemist for MARMITE CREAM OF MALT (The Pure Vegetable Extract). WITH MARMITE is absolutely pure. Is an Invaluable pick-me-up. SICILIAN OLIVEOIL Strengthens as well as stimulates. Is easily digested and economical. It combines the purest Sicilian Olive Is recommended by medical pro- Oil with the finest extract of malt and fession. Is used by Food Reformers and Is unequalled for Vegetarians Everywhere. THE. LANCET says: "This entirely vegetable ex- tract possesses the same nutrient value as a welt- Building up the system prepared meat extract." In two sizes, 1/10 and 3/6. Obtainable at all Health Food Stores.

If your chemist does not stock it send on receipt of Id. stamp P.O. (postage 4d.) direct to : FREE SAMPLE to pay postage by OPPENHEIMER SON & CO., LTD., Marmite Food Extract Co., Ltd., Entirely British 179 Queen Victoria St., Firm. LONDON, E.C. 59 Eastcheap, London, E.C. 222 GOOD HEALTH. July, 1916 HYGIENIC ADVICE. HORLICK'S Send communications, which must be brief, with address and stamp to the Editor, Good Health, Cater- tiara. Anonymous letters are not considered. MALTED MILK Pure full-cream milk enriched 1277. Boots with Wide Toes.—J.G. : " I with malted barley and wheat. should like to know the address of Messrs. Hall & Sons, Boot Manufacturers, who formerly adver- tized in ' Good Health ' and who make properly The Ideal Food shaped boots with wide toes." A nourishing and invigorating food that is suitable for the use Ans.—The address of Messrs. Hall & Sons, is of everyone. Builds up sound 60, Bishopsgate, London, E, C., or 370, Strand, flesh and bone, and is equally London, W. C. acceptable in health or when in- disposed. As a sick-room diet 1278. Tram Travel and Weak Heart.—C. R.: " Does travelling on an electric tram cause harm it has no equal for giving and to a woman suffering with a weak heart, one of maintaining strength, and it is the valves being defective through rheumatic very easily digested. fever ? " Ready in a moment with hot or cold Ans.—No, not necessarily, providing she does water only. No added milk or cooking. not hurry to catch the tram. Hurrying, running Also available in tablet form to be dissolved or rapid walking might do damage. Her move- in the mouth. Nourishing and invigorating. ments should be slow and deliberate. Ordinary walking would be more trying than tram riding. NO ADVANCE IN PRICES.

1279. Pimple, Soap, Tobacco.—E.B.: " I Of all Chemists tt Stores in Glass Bottles, 1/6, 2/6, & 11/-. am suffering from pimples. (1) Can you tell me a The Tablets also in pocket flasks at 6d. and 1/- each. cure ? (2) I smoke a little. Do you advise me to Liberal Sample sent post free for 3d. stamps. give up tobacco? (3) What soap would you re- commend ? " HORLICK'S MALTED MILK CO., SLOUGH, BUCKS. Ans.—(1) Wash the face with hot soft water and a plain pure soap and press out carefully any pus found in the pimples. After carefully washing the soap away dry well and dust with a very little talcum powder. But the most important considera- tion of all is the diet and drink. We would recom- mend not more than three meals a day of plain wholesome vegetarian food, including milk, cream, butter and eggs, with plenty of fruit, both fresh and stewed. Drink from two to three or more pints of water a day, in the morning and between meals but not with the food. (2) Yes, by all means drop tobacco. Smoking does no good and confers no real benefit at any time, but is always more or less harmful in its influence upon the human system. (3) McClinton's Colleen Soap is one of the best that we know of.

1280. Varicose Veins, Olive 011.—W.M.T. : " (1) What are varicose veins caused by ? (2) What is the food value of milk and rice pudding as compared with meat ? (3) Is olive oil beneficial when rubbed into the skin ? " Ans.—(1) Some of the chief causes of varicose veins are prolonged standing, strenuous muscular exercise, abdominal tumour or swelling, organic heart disease, and occasionally constipation. (2) Milk pudding makes a well-balanced food and is wholesome and nourishing providing it is well In no other food—in no other masticated and taken with toast or zwieback. Bread—has Nature so perfectly Rice pudding makes a more perfectly balanced food blended the essential elements than meat which is composed almost entirely of building material while the milk pudding contains of nourishment and health, On both building material and fuel food. (3) When Sale everywhere. See the band the skin is dry, harsh, and scaly a little olive oil on every loaf. rubbed in two or three times a week is oftentimes vet• beneficial.

July, 1916 GOOD HEALTH. 223

GOOD HEALTH. s_... An illustrated Monthly Magazine Devoted to Hygiene and the ,s,; --. ,... Principles of Healthful Living. --, Published for the proprietors by Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent, & Co., Ltd., 23 Paternoster Bow. London, E.C. Editor: ALFRED B. (mum M.D., D.P.H. ‘,-4,,,, 'Advisee editorial matter to the Editor, Sunnyview.CaterhamValley. Address all business communications to Nk< GOOD HEALTH, Stanborough Park, Watford, Herta . ic.,, . Telegraphic address: "Hygiene. Garston, Herts." \ . GOOD HEALTH may be ordered through any newsdealer at one penny a month. Yearly subscription, post free, 1/6.

On account of the serious shortage in paper the readers of GOOD HEALTH can render the publishers and also the nation McClinton's valuable service by giving a written or verbal standing order for the journal to their bookseller or news dealer. Those Colleen Soap who prefer may send a yearly subscription The 4id. per Tablet. (1 /6 post free) direct to the publishers : 3 Tablets 11, Good Health GOOD HEALTH, Stanborough Park, Watford, from Adjustable Bodice Herts. Made Plant Ash GIVES DR. A. G. Stmmitis is contributing another and Vegetable Oils, article on the eyes. Next month he will deal with " Near Sight," not an uncommon defect, Keeps the Skin Soft, SOLID which, fortunately, is readily corrected by suitable Clear, and Smooth. COMFORT. glasses. It is a mistake for anyone to strain the Samples on receipt eyes when glasses would correct the error, for of 2d. for postage. such strain is likely to lead to further mischief and 'Wives the necessary McCLINTON'S, LTD., support without the increase of the trouble. Donaghmore, Ireland. harmful pressure. .• The Physiology Lesson for August concerns TDelightful freedom o f movement u n - " The Valves and the work of the Heart." We • 1111•11111111•111•11•111•M known to wearers of little realize how much hard muscular work that the ordinary corset. faithful and vital organ, the heart, does in the ¶Graceful and nat- course of a single twenty-four hours. Always at IF YOU'VE ural figure. work during life the heart nevertheless finds time ▪ TfOri v e s satisfaction to rest between each stroke so that, given favoura- and pleasure. ble conditions, it is able to give efficient service I ANYTHING •1• for a hundred years or more. • For descriptive cir- " Fruit Bottling " is the title of Miss Simmins' I TO SELL • cular and prices write contribution to August GOOD HEALTH. Now • .• Good Health Supplies that the restrictions upon the importation of tinned • that appeals • Caterham, Surrey. fruit and of dried fruit, with the exception of e currants, are so strenuous, it becomes a matter of • to people • the greatest importance to preserve the fruit so : who study freely and cheaply obtained in summer for winter le their health : HEALTH BOOKS use. Fortunately the process is a simple one and • w the fruit can be put up in glass bottles so that FOR ALL. ; Advertise it in •• it will keep for years and that, too, without the • • GOOD HEALTH LIBRARY. addition of sugar. Plums, greengages, cherries, ■ raspberries, and many other varieties of fruit can ■ Good Health • Health Hints. be easily preserved for use in the winter season One Hundred Hygienic Il Largest circulation ■ Recipes. when fresh fruit is scarce and expensive. • of any health journal • Biliousness. ■ in United Kingdom. ■ Health for the Million. School of Health. j Full particulars of in• Fifty Doctors Against eo nA t dovnt .a pDp ipet a •• Alcohol. ■ lion s to Ladies' Guide. Study at Home Man the Masterpiece. • GOOD HEALTH •• Price List and full par- The Fireside Correspondence School will • ticulars from show you how. Agents wanted. Send Stanborough Pk, for our "Nutshell Calendar." Address: ▪• GOOD HEALTH SUPPLIES, Watford, Herts. Caterham, Surrey. C. C. LEWIS, Principal, Takoma Park, D.C., U.S.A. ▪•■ • ••••••••••••••• • "Good Health" may be ordered through any newsagent or bookseller. Bergonie Therapy. The New Treatment.

ERY few people realize how rarely experience. Furthermore, the sur- much the health of both body plus of food material which clogs the and mind is dependent upon blood-stream and interferes with the cir- the ordinary daily activity of culation and retards the normal activities the muscles. The muscles of the tissue cells in those who lead a of a man or woman, or child sedentary life is soon properly utilized for that matter, represent when the muscles are set to work. anything from twenty-five to Exercise Aids The organs of diges- fifty per cent of the total tion, too, are greatly body weight, the percentage varying ac- Digestion. benefited by muscular cording to the extent of their development. activity. Moderate exercise combined Each group of muscles or even a single with a fruit diet for a few days is a far muscle may be looked upon as an auxiliary better tonic for a torpid liver and an over- heart because of the assistance that mus- worked stomach than any combination of cular contraction gives to the circulation drugs or medicines obtainable. The stom- of the blood. When a muscle is active it ach does better and more thorough work receives from three to five times as much and digestion is not only more comfortable blood as when at rest and in activity it but also more perfect in those who live a consumes anything from ten to twenty reasonably active life and do a certain times as much oxygen according to the amount of muscular work each day. And degree of activity, and the carbonic acid the bowels too are also stimulated to ac- gas which represents the waste given off tivity, and, other things being equal, those from the working muscle may be as much whose work demands muscular effort are as twenty or even thirty times the ordinary much less liable to constipation than those output of the resting muscle. These who are obliged to lead a quiet, sedentary figures help us to understand only a part life. of the good results to be obtained from the proper use of the muscles. Self-Imprisonment. The modern life of confinement Exercise Aids Besides encouraging indoors, both day and night with a mini- and strengthening the mum amount of fresh air and the maximum Elimination. circulation of the blood amount of brain work in a close stifling muscular activity also stimulates excre- atmosphere is largely accountable for the tion of the natural wastes formed in the marked increase of nervous disorders of body. Waste material, which comes from one kind or another that are sapping the ordinary tissue activity, is much more vitality of our nation and our race. A speedily eliminated when the muscles are sedentary life means self-inflicted imprison- at work. The functions of the kidneys ment, and its effects upon the victim are and skin as well as of the lungs are stimu- such as to dwarf the normal physical ac- lated to increased action by all forms of tivities, dull the faculties of the mind, and muscular exercise, so that the net result is shorten life. When such a life of confine- a clearing of the tissues and a cleansing of ment is combined with the use of intoxi- the blood, bringing a feeling of exhilara- cants and tobacco, even though in what tion and well-being which the sedentary would ordinarily be• regarded as strict

4iPtS11111111011116BRFAUWAIKitlia moderation, and over-feeding, we have of well-being and exhilaration that would most of the conditions for sickness and come from a brisk walk in the open air, chronic disNise. Soon a varying_ state of but without any sense of weariness or physical and nervous debility is reached fatigue. There is a feeling of new life and chronic disease of one form or another and new activity which he may not have creeps in and gradually, but none the less experienced for weeks or months. If he surely. claims the victim as an invalid. has lost courage and become disheartened about himself hope once more takes pos- Exercise There are many people who session of Ins mind and after a few treat- mid Rest. have become so weakened ments he begins to realize, if lie has not and debilitated by (werwork, clone so i t once, that he is going to get well worry, nervous strain, and a sedentary life and 1,,• restored to health. that they are quite unfit to take ordinary exercise and would find a. brisk walk of a few miles a source of exhaustion and nerve fatigue. Physical exercise under such conditions oftentimes does more harm than good. .Doctors have long felt the need of some means of giv- ing real exercise to the muscles without over-tiring and fatigu- ing the nerves. This long-felt want has now been supplied in the Bergonie treatment which was discovered i1 few years ago by Professor Bergonie, of Bordeaux University. 1' h e famous French doctor has de- vised a very simple apparatus by means of which it is pos- sible to exercise one or more Takill g Bergonie Treatment at the Cterham Sanitarium. of the various groups of muscles of the body. The patient lies on Bergonie Therapy combined with tonic a comfortable couch, the metal plates of baths and massage and a generous fruit- which are warmed by electric lamps. When arian diet with life out-of-doors in the fresh the gentle current of electricity is turned air makes the ideal treatment for those on, the various groups of muscles begin to who are weary and worn or suffering from work with no effort or even thought on the " nerves " or from other chronic disorders. part of the patient. The muscles contract Bergonie Therapy makes an excellent rhythmically at the rate of speed deter- tonic and strengthener for a weak heart. mined by the attending physician. The It is one of the best remedies known to strength of the contraction is easily regu- correct slow digestion anti sluggish bowels. lated and carefully adapted to the require- The treatment has been found so success- ments of the individual case, and the ful at the Caterham Sanitarium that two treatment lasts for twenty, thirty, or forty complete outfits have. been installed. minutes, or even an hour. For further particulars about the Cater- Exhilarated On leaving the couch ham Sanitarium and for a prospectus ad- and Refreshed. the patient feels all dress THE SUPERI VITA I )kNT, SANI- the benefit and sense TARIUM, CATEEHANE Si IcIccv. 'noa.nhow. Caterham. Telegraph : " Hydro, Caterham."

111•110&,i02E.431saME-US311-10 1 ELECTRIC BAT

...... ...... • atfor linerts. (Open All the Year. 60 Acres of Private Grounds. Every Modern Convenience. Excellent Vegetarian Board. RICAL 0014 Baths of Every Description. Male and Female Nurses. Resident Physician. Every class of physical disorder treated. Nervous affections. dietetic and rheumatic complaints a speciality. A Comfortable Home Combined with Medical Care, Scientific Treatment, and Carefully Regulated Dietary. Write to the Manager for free illustrated booklet of full particulars of the Sanitarium and its methods, Telephone: 552 Watford. Telegrams: "Sanitarium, Garston, fIerts."