DOCSLIB.ORG

"Within the Realm of the Death Instinct" (1971)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Copyrighted Material. For use only by UPENN. Reproduction prohibited. Usage subject to PEP terms & conditions (see terms.pep-web. org). Int. J. Psycho-Anal. (1971) 52, 145 WITHIN THE REALM OF THE DEATH INSTINCT ANGEL GARMA, BUENOS AIRES This paper is intended as a basis for discussion the archaic heritage of human beings comprises not of the subject of aggression and will deal with only dispositions but also subject-matter-memory various aspects of the death instinct theory. My traces of the experience of earliergenerations(Freud, choice of this theory for discussion was influ- 1939, p. 99). enced by the existence in our modern civilization The above quotations show how for Freud, of profound discontents, in spite of immense the characteristics of both the primary instincts possibilities for happiness. and other human reactions are dependent on After a review ofthe theory I attempt to show the individual's ancestral and personal circum- that masochistic reactions are incompatible with stances. For instance, Freud, in his study on the pleasure principle. Afterwards I defend the the genesis of the superego, emphasizes the thesis that everybody loves or is aggressive importance of the influence of ancestral totemic against his neighbour as he loves or is aggressive society, and of the defusion of life and death against himself. I then investigate manifesta- instincts which comes from identification, de- tions of the death instinct unrelated to guilt sexualization and sublimation of the individual's feelings and discuss psychoanalytic interpre- relationship with his parents. The defusion tations of sadism turned against the self. In increases the manifestations of the self-destruc- conclusion I maintain that the theory of the tive instinct, because the ego struggles against death instinct, which answers to reality, is both the erotic instinct. sinister and optimistic. But since the ego's work of sublimation results in a defusion of the instincts and a liberation of the LIFE AND DEATH INSTINCTS aggressive instincts in the superego, its struggle Freud reformulated the instincts into two against the libido exposes it to the danger of mal- main groups: those of life and those of death. treatment and death (1923, p. 56). He postulated the death instinct on the basis of his speculations on the repetition compulsion The theory of life and death instincts can also and the tendency of the instincts to re-establish be applied on a national scale following the earlier situations, and also on the basis of clinical ideas put forward by Freud (1923, p. 38), and facts allegedly contrary to the pleasure principle, sometimes considered Lamarckian, that one as for example: traumatic neuroses, fate neu- individual may be regarded as composed of roses, masochism, unconscious guilt feelings, , harboured residues of the existence of countless the transferential repetition of painful infantile egos " with different ancestral experiences. experiences and negative therapeutic reactions. If we assume the survival of these memory-traces of Freud (1920, p. 38) thought that the instincts the experience of our ancestorsin the archaicheritage were the result of interaction between organic we have bridged the gulf between individual and matter and environmental circumstances: group psychology: we can deal with peoples as we do with an individual neurotic (Freud, 1939, p. 100). the phenomena of organic development must be attributed to external disturbing and diverting in- A nation, like an individual, has a beginning fluences.... In the last resort, what has left its mark and an evolution. Present national charac- on the development of organisms must be the history teristics are determined by past circumstances of the earth we live in and of its relation to the sun. that continue to hold sway over the present Thus, for example, the latency period of through a kind of compulsion to repeat. Accor- human sexuality is attributed by Freud to the ding to Freud, for instance, present-day Judaeo- destructive influence of the Ice Ages: Christian ideology and rituals, such as belief in Invited contribution to the 27th International Psycho-Analytical Congress, Vienna, 1971. Copyrighted Material. For use only by UPENN. Reproduction prohibited. Usage subject to PEP terms & conditions (see terms.pep-web. org). 146 ANGEL GARMA immortality, communion and circumcision, One's own death can only be represented by repeat behaviour patterns originated in the social a total lack of mental representations. But any- conditions of primitive totemic society and of one trying to visualize this absence of represen- the Egyptian empire. tations must necessarily create a mental repre- Some of the reactions to ancient experiences sentation of the lack of them, which, of course, which persist in the present compel a nation to is not a state of total lack of mental represen- seek progress and well-being; others are more tations. destructive and cause suffering. This can be If this is the case, then, when the individual is simplified by saying that in a nation we find representing this lack of representations to him- progressive life tendencies together with other self he is representing himself as alive and not regressive, self-destructive death tendencies. dead. Hence the possibility of imagining some- These two opposed tendencies are present in one else's death but not one's own. every national activity. Their relative intensity The mental representation of one's own death is also determined by the strength of the influ- would be ' loss of consciousness',which implies an ence that the pleasant or unpleasant, constructive absence of mental representation. In Spanish and or destructive characteristics of present environ- French this is literally described by' loss ofknow- mental circumstances exercises upon them at any ledge '. It is also significant that' a dead faint' one moment. is a synonym for loss of consciousness. Perhaps When we know that a nation, because of its Freud's exclamation, ' How sweet it must be to experience in the past, carries a heavy burden die' (Jones, 1953, p. 317), when he recovered of inherited regressive, self-destructive death from a dead faint in 1912, might be considered tendencies, we can better understand why such as lending support to this supposition. a nation tends to suffer more intensely than its present circumstances would seem to warrant. DEATH INSTINCT OR INSTINCTUAL AGGRESSIVE It also enables us to understand why, just as in DRIVE the treatment of individual neuroses, attempts Some analysts do not admit to the existence to relieve the suffering and destructive behaviour of destructive tendencies which are not brought of a nation either fail or only partly succeed. about by frustration. Others accept that destruc- Persistence of excessive suffering cannot be tive instincts can exist independently, but have explained as incidental in a nation's search for doubts regarding the death instinct. Thus, happiness. It is significant, too, that empires according to Loewenstein (1940, p. 388): have usually perished because of internal prob- we must range ourselves with those [Fenichel, lems. Hartmann] who prefer the older theory, though that The concept of death instincts (always bearing theory will ... have to undergo terminological in mind that its genesis, evolution and present modifications and, above all, completion. features must be considered in relation to past and present circumstances) furnishes us with a Nevertheless in certain details in their wri- tentative understanding of how a nation or an tings, Hartmann et al. (1949) (who prefer to individual suffers and destroys itself. I find that speak of' instinctual drive' rather than instinct) Freud's theory of the death instinct validates would appear to admit to the existence of an some of the earlier psychoanalytic explanations, instinct of self-destruction or death. This seems maintains others unchanged, and re-examines clear from the following quotations: yet others from a new viewpoint without dis- ... the existence of a primary drive toward aggres- carding them. As Freud (1930, p. 119) wrote: sion or destruction. We... considerthis assumption to be of immediate relevance in the formulation of The assumption of the existence of an instinct of psychoanalytic propositions [po 11]. The vicissitudes death or destruction ... provides that simplification of aggression resemble those of sexuality to such a without either ignoring or doing violence to the degree that the assumption of a constant driving facts for which we strive in scientific work. power comparable to that of libido seems approp- riate [po 28]. The unmodified aggressive impulse The fact that there is no unconscious repre- threatens the existence of the object ... [p. 19]. sentation of one's own death does not imply ... since the ' full' discharge of aggressive energy that the death instinct does not exist. This can would endanger the objects, whereas the full dis- be understood if we consider that the very act charge of libido ... does not threaten the existence of creating a mental representation implies the of the object itself [po 20].... We start from the presence of life, which precludes one's owndeath. assumption of an undifferentiated phase of psychic Copyrighted Material. For use only by UPENN. Reproduction prohibited. Usage subject to PEP terms & conditions (see terms.pep-web. org). WITHIN THE REALM OF THE DEATH INSTINCT 147 structure. ... During the undifferentiated phase who would have made her suffer far more. In one might assume aggression ... to be centred in this way her superego deceived her (Garma, the self [po 25]. 1968) into submitting to totally unnecessary To draw a conclusion from these quotations: pain, the degree of which she controlled. Had if there is a primary aggressive drive, which she not been a masochist, she would not have , threatens the existence of the object itself' and fantasied with cruel imaginary persecutors which if in the beginning the object of the aggressive forced her towards painful, although controlled drive is the self, then it must be assumed that destructive forms of behaviour.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Interviewwithbienfilet.Pdf
    I interviewed Dr. Filet to better understand why the Dutch Psychoanalytic Institutes decided to merge to become one Dutch psychoanalytic institute. Dr. Filet said, “you should understand a little of what went on before the split - All these things have long term effects. First of all, and this is my personal opinion, because the controversies were so deep and wide and long term, there will be many people who think differently than I do. He then outlined the history of the Dutch Psychoanalytic Society. This year, actually, we are celebrating the hundredth year of the Dutch psychoanalytic society. It was established in 1917 — the same year as the British psychoanalytic society. Both were early societies. The first society was in Vienna and after that the Berlin psychoanalytic society. There were many revisions - especially in Germany after WWII. At that time new ones were established, and the Dutch Psychoanalytic Society was revised. One hundred years ago, it wasn’t yet a society, but more a group of interested physicians. For training they went to Vienna (to be analyzed by Freud) and take courses. Later they went to Berlin where Carl Abraham was the founder and leading teacher. Abraham analyzed Melanie Klein. Anna Freud was analyzed by her father —god forbid. In Holland there was no regular training program - only scientific meetings. The Dutch only really started to have a regular training program (in the model that most societies have -i.e. courses, training analysis, supervisions and final case presentation) after WW2. Before WW2, Dutch analysts went to Berlin or Vienna to train.
    [Show full text]
  • Please Consult the Brochure
    candidate brochure / catalog of courses / directory Oregon Psychoanalytic Institute September 2016 Draft Note: This document is currently under revision. Contact the Administrative Director with any questions 1 OREGON PSYCHOANALYTIC CENTER 2250 NW Flanders Street #312 Portland, OR 97210 Phone 503.229.0175 Fax 503.229.0176 [email protected] www.oregonpsychoanalytic.org ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF Susan Dimitman Managing Director [email protected] Lindsey Smith Program Coordinator [email protected] 2 Table of Contents Introduction 4 Educational Philosophy 5 Non-Discrimination Policy 5 Historical Background & Accreditation 6 Course of Studies 6 Admission Requirements 6 Personal Qualifications 8 Admission Procedures 8 Evaluation Process 8 Reapplication 9 Transfer Applications 9 Enrollment 10 Faculty Advisor 10 Progression 10 Training Analysis 11 Supervised Clinical Work 12 Insurance & Licensure 13 Case Selection, Assignment & Fees 13 Case Records & Reports 14 Informed Consent 15 Advanced Status & Unsupervised Work 15 Seminar Attendance 16 Graduation 16 Remediation, Probation & Dismissal 17 Leave of Absence 18 Transfer from Clinical to Academic Program 19 Advanced Education & Training 19 Ethical Contract 19 Certification by APsaA 20 Scientific Writing: Boverman Award 20 Training Analysis & Supervision Fees 20 Tuition & Related Fees 21 Calendar of Classes 21 Curriculum 21 Pre-matriculation 22 Course Descriptions by Year 22 Year one 23 Year two 25 Year three 29 Year four 32 Year five-plus (post seminar) 35 Library 35 Pep-Web 35 Continuing Education Credits 35 Executive Committee 37 Website Info & Rosters 37 3 INTRODUCTION The Mission of the Oregon Psychoanalytic Center is: To educate psychotherapists and the community in order to promote emotional growth, honor diversity, and develop the life of the mind.
    [Show full text]
  • Reanalysis1 Exercise in Definition
    (1968) Contemp. Psychoanal., 4:83-102 Reanalysis1 Alberta B. Szalita, M.D. Not to enlighten one who can be enlightened is to waste a man; to endeavor to enlighten one who cannot be enlightened is to waste words. The intelligent man wastes neither his man nor his words. CONFUCIUS THERE IS HARDLY any vocation in which there is so much coincidence between the person and his work as in our profession. The psychoanalytic tenets must become part of one's personality rather than an external set of theoretical conjectures. What the analyst is or wants to be has more to do with the way he works than the theoretical frame he uses. And since the work is accomplished in discrete segments of direct, immediate experience and response, this is very difficult if not impossible to reproduce in an abstract form, suitable for generalization. Psychoanalysis is an aristocratic method. It is meant for few by few. It is a method of self-investigation, self-correction, self-redirection, and reorganization, which require disciplined thought and serious commitment. The democratization and widespread application of this method, irrespective of the qualifications of the recipients as well as the practitioners, have brought many disappointments to both sides. The institutionalization of the method has taken away some of the freshness it had in its earlier stages and rigidified it and put it into harness—an added burden toindividual initiative. Yet psychoanalysis remains the method of choice in acquisition of self-knowledge and alleviation of unnecessary mental suffering for suitable patients. For many of us have felt the immense benefits in our development and increased knowledge in the ways of man.
    [Show full text]
  • Jacques Lacan -The French Freud?
    Jacques Lacan -the French Freud? John Bird French intellectual life appears to exercise a contexts: (i) ten months of wrestling with Lacan's fascination, some might say a dreadful influence, on texts; Cii) a developing awareness that Freud had the .English intellectual avant-garde. In the 1960s already said all that is important in Lacan in a far it was the tortuous debate between Sartre and Levi­ more accessible form and, by implication, that what Strauss; in the 1970s, the 'true', dehumanised Marxism is new in Lacan is radically non-Freudian; (iii) a of Althusser; and as we enter the 1980s, we have a new developing annoyance with unclarity, with a position master, embodied in the labyrinthine prose of Jacques that sees the world as so opaque that study of it Lacan. The 'theory of the subject' is with us and yields only incomprehensible edifices in front of Freud has, at last, been assimilated into Parisian which the mind reels. debate, and in this process, into Marxism itself. And yet, doubts exist. How far are we still with Freud? Is the Marx/Freud marriage legitimate? One is initially bedazzled by La.can's elephantine prose, beguiled by his new conceptual armoury, a uniting of The Three Processes Freud and linguistics, in whose glossaries the word Three processes are crucial for Lacan in any under­ 'real' is defined under the entry for 'imaginary'. standing of the person and of his entry into the And then comes the act of interpretation, an act in world of rules, of society. One of the processes is which many have already failed, and many will continue centrally Freudian, the Oedipus situation, which to do so.
    [Show full text]
  • Shuttle Analysis, Shuttle Supervision, and Shuttle Life-Some Facts, Experiences, and Questions1 Gábor Szőnyi Tamara Štajner-Popović 2
    1 Shuttle Analysis, Shuttle Supervision, and Shuttle Life-Some Facts, 1 Experiences, and Questions Gábor Szőnyi Tamara Štajner-Popović 2 Tremendous effort supported the spreading of psychoanalysis in what was formerly known as "Eastern Europe." Since 2002, the Han Groen Prakken Psychoanalytic Institute of Eastern Europe has integrated this work. In many cases, training components had to be provided in "shuttle format." Shuttle analysis can be considered as an experimental domain in psychoanalytical education. The discussions on shuttle analysis have brought into the foreground some of the aspects of the process: high variation of setting; handling of unavoidable cultural c1ash; special shaping of defenses; the repetitive separation; shuttle life as a consequence-periodically interrupted practice, combination with shuttle supervision; high investment. Training with shuttle components is always a project, never a routine, because of the demand on extra organizational investment. We discuss shuttling from the point of the analyst, of the candidate, of the supervisor, and of the developing organization. Questions include special defense mechanisms, observations on transference- countertransference, "shuttle reality" of ten resembling a "dream-like reality," and special problems of supervision. The question of evaluation is an especially difficult one. The evaluation is as traditional as in regular education. At the end, we face the question: What makes shuttle analysis/shuttle training work? HISTORICAL BACKGROUND In 1987, a handful of potential candidates from different parts of Eastern Europe (Prague, Belgrade, Warsaw, and Zagreb) under the auspices of the new/old Hungarian Society met with the Executive of the European Psychoanalytical Federation (EPF) in Hungary. For years, there have bee n sporadic contacts, but the analy tic community was, so to say, just more or less aware of Eastern Europe.
    [Show full text]
  • Oregon Psychoanalytic Institute
    candidate brochure / catalog of courses / directory OREGON PSYCHOANALYTIC CENTER 2250 NW Flanders Street #312 Portland, OR 97210 Phone 503.229.0175 Fax 503.229.0176 [email protected] Oregon www.oregonpsychoanalytic.org Psychoanalytic Institute ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF Susan Dimitman Administrative Director [email protected] Erika Jacobson Administrative Assistant and Librarian [email protected] September 2014 Draft Note: This document is currently under revision. Contact the Administrative Director with any questions 1 2 Table of Contents INTRODUCTION Introduction 4 Educational Philosophy 5 Non-Discrimination Policy 5 OPC IS DEDICATED TO ADVANCING THE VITALITY AND Historical Background & Accreditation 6 ENDURING VALUE OF PSYCHOANALYSIS IN OREGON Course of Studies 6 Admission Requirements 6 Personal Qualifications 8 Admission Procedures 8 Advanced Education For Mental Health Professionals Evaluation Process 8 The Oregon Psychoanalytic Center trains mental health Reapplication 9 professionals in the theory and practice of psychoanalysis and Transfer Applications 9 psychoanalytic psychotherapy, and a variety of related Enrollment 10 psychoanalytic programs. OPC is an affiliate of the American Faculty Advisor 10 Psychoanalytic Association. Progression 10 Training Analysis 11 Supervised Clinical Work 12 ADULT PSYCHOANALYTIC TRAINING Insurance & Licensure 13 The Oregon Psychoanalytic Institute, a division of the Oregon Case Selection, Assignment & Fees 13 Case Records & Reports 14 Psychoanalytic
    [Show full text]
  • Learning from Linked Lives: Narrativising the Individual And
    UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON FACULTY OF LAW, SOCIAL AND HUMAN SCIENCES Southampton Education School Doctorate in Education Learning from linked lives: Narrativising the individual and group biographies of the guests at the 25th Jubilee dinner of the British Psychoanalytical Society at The Savoy, London, on 8th March 1939. A prosopographical analysis of the character and influence of the formative and significant figures present at the dinner. Julie Anne Greer Thesis for the degree of Doctor of Education June 2014 i Errata Changes from original submission (April 2016), marked with * P75 Post script research enabled the retrieval of Barbara Low’s original birth certificate under the name Alice Leonora Low, 1874, not 1877 as previously stated from her obituary. P119 Melanie Klein’s training analysis was with Karl Abraham in Germany and not Hans Sachs as stated in the original thesis. P119 Prof. Robert Hinshelwood notes that Klein did not psychoanalyse her own children, as stated, but made observations on them which she later drew on as she developed her technique as a child analyst from 1922. P138 Remastered photograph of the Jubilee dinner, taken from an original photograph and includes Anthony Monck Mason Payne. Faldezer should read Falzeder throughout. Apologies to Professor Falzeder. ii UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON ABSTRACT FACULTY OF LAW, SOCIAL AND HUMAN SCIENCES Southampton Education School Doctorate in Education LEARNING FROM LINKED LIVES: NARRATIVISING THE INDIVIDUAL AND GROUP BIOGRAPHIES OF THE GUESTS AT THE 25TH JUBILEE DINNER OF THE BRITISH PSYCHOANALYTICAL SOCIETY AT THE SAVOY, LONDON, ON 8TH MARCH 1939. A PROSOPOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS OF THE CHARACTER AND INFLUENCE OF THE FORMATIVE AND SIGNIFICANT FIGURES PRESENT AT THE DINNER.
    [Show full text]
  • Dilemmas in Search of a Code
    Dilemmas in search of a code Elizabeth Dorsey Psychoanalysis has a distinctive ethical qualify based on both philosophical and technical principles. The existence of the unconscious and of transference and countertransference determine the analyst's frame of reference and behavior. Working with the intense instinctual pressures of analyst and analysand can strain the limits of the clinician's skills and tolerance. The author considers issues that call most urgently for controls in the consulting room and that reveal the complexities of making clinical decisions: boundary issues; self-disclosure; case selection; transference enactment; extra-analytic contact; informed consent; and end-points of analyses. Case examples highlight some of the dilemmas analysts face when confronted with behaviors that conflict with social mores or laws. The author concludes that the analyst's choices in these difficult situations are guided by consideration of the goals of psychoanalysis and the states of both analysand and analyst with respect to the transference. Freud made clear the connection between ethics and instinct. Wbat, tben, are some of tbe issues arising from our instinctual tendencies tbat cry out for controls in tbe psychoanalytic cham- ber? Wbat matters concern analysts, analysands, and tbe pub- lic? May we touch patients? May tbe analyst use tbe transference to gain personal satisfaction, material goods, secret informa- 177 tion? May the analyst embark on a personal relationship with an analysand or discharge a patient because of the analyst's per- ^ sonal discomfort with the material? Is there an ethical question | in any of these considerations? ^ 3' Questions abound. What if an action seems necessary on the g part of the analyst to advance the treatment, to keep the pa- 9- tient in tbe room, to protect others outside the room? Could ^ some action required by law interfere with the analysis? When 8 oQ.
    [Show full text]
  • Training Program in Psychoanalysis Bulletin
    P ITTSBURGH P SYCHOANALYTIC C ENTER TRAINING PROGRAM IN PSYCHOANALYSIS BULLETIN TABLE OF CONTENTS On Practicing Psychoanalysis 3 Background, History and Mission of PPC 5 Eligibility for Psychoanalytic Training 7 Admissions Procedures 9 Enrollment 10 Education and Training Program 11 Part-Time Program 14 Course Requirements 15 Academic Candidates 17 Course Descriptions 19 Electives 25 PPC Faculty & Executive Officers 27 Fees & Charges 29 Application Form 30 Revised June 10, 2016 2 ON PRACTICING PSYCHOANALYSIS Being Someone’s Psychoanalyst... doesn’t require much tangible equipment - a couch, a clock, perhaps a note pad... and the power of an idea - the insight that emotional thoughts of which we are unaware can shape the way we encounter and handle life. Our work, our loves, family relationships, self- esteem, creativity, physical well-being - can be determined by conceptions of our own that are beyond our awareness. That one can believe something without knowing it and therefore mold one’s existence around it can seem unbelievable. Yet those who discover this for themselves - who through this discovery gain relief of discomfort and increased clarity of purpose, who then can view their fellow humans more profoundly may use this deeper understanding to help others. Psychoanalysts are such people. Starting to Wonder About Things Psychoanalysts Wonder About... can begin at various points. It can emerge from the puzzle of one’s own adolescence or from grappling with emotional problems in clinical practice. One may observe the demonstration of conflict in a skilled practitioner’s interview, or may have grown up with it in the all too evident troubles of a family member.
    [Show full text]
  • IEA Brochure
    BROCHURE THE INSTITUTE FOR EXPRESSIVE ANALYSIS TABLE OF CONTENTS IEA 1 Philosophy 2 The Expressive Analysis Consultation Center 3 Admissions 3 Training and Coursework 3 Personal Analysis, Supervised Analysis, Control Analysis 4 Mentoring, ABAP/NAAP Affiliation, Notice of Non-Discrimination 4 Curriculum 5 Entrance Level Courses 5-7 Advanced Level Courses 7-9 Child and Adolescent Treatment Courses 9-10 R 500 Electives 10 Admissions and Fees 11 Admission to Entrance Level 11 Special Student Status 11 Admission to the Advanced Level 11 Visiting Student Status 11 Requirements for Completion 11-12 Tuition 12 Fees 12 Deadline for Registration 13 Refund Schedule 13 Attendance Requirements 13 Questions 13 New Students, Applying 13 Faculty 14-15 Board of Directors 16 Contact Information 17 The Institute for Expressive Analysis (IEA) is a New York State License qualifying program that offers training in psychoanalysis. IEA places a particular emphasis on the integration of scientific-theory based aspects of psychotherapy & psychoanalysis with the creative process of doing sound clinical work. The curriculum provides a diversity of theoretical approaches including Object Relations, Self Psychology, Relational Psychoanalysis, Jungian, and Contemporary Freudian theory. Training focuses on both verbal and nonverbal aspects of treatment and is applicable for both private practice and institutional settings. The program promotes the development of therapeutic artistry by providing a solid clinical base along with exposure to creative currents in contemporary psychoanalysis. IEA offers a personal, intimate training atmosphere based on the belief that every analyst must find her/his own therapeutic metaphor, style, and ways of integrating the many dimensions of training.
    [Show full text]
  • Freud, S. (1937). Analysis Terminable and Interminable. Int. J. Psycho-Anal., 18:373- 405
    Freud, S. (1937). Analysis Terminable and Interminable. Int. J. Psycho-Anal., 18:373- 405. (1937). International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 18:373-405 Analysis Terminable and Interminable Sigmund Freud Experience has taught us that psycho-analytic therapy—the liberation of a human being from his neurotic symptoms, inhibitions and abnormalities of character—is a lengthy business. Hence, from the very beginning, attempts have been made to shorten the course of analysis. Such endeavours required no justification: they could claim to be prompted by the strongest considerations alike of reason and expediency. But it may be that there lurked in them some trace of the impatient contempt with which the medical profession of an earlier day regarded the neuroses, seeing in them the unnecessary results of invisible lesions. If you were obliged to deal with them, you simply aimed at getting rid of them with the utmost despatch. Basing his procedure on the theory formulated in Das Trauma der Geburt (1924) Otto Rank made a particularly determined attempt to shorten analysis. He assumed that the cardinal source of neurosis was the experience of birth, on the ground of the possibility that the infant's 'primal fixation' to the mother might not be surmounted but persist in the form of 'primal repression'. His hope was that, if this primal trauma were overcome by analysis, the whole neurosis would clear up, so that this one small piece of analytic work, for which a few months should suffice, would do away with the necessity for all the rest. Rank's argument was certainly bold and ingenious but it did not stand the test of critical examination.
    [Show full text]
  • Analyst Training Program Handbook Table of Contents
    ANALYST TRAINING PROGRAM HANDBOOK 2018 Edition Adopted by the Chicago Society of Jungian Analysts September 8, 2018 Analyst Training Program Handbook Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS 2018 HANDBOOK Overview Analyst Training Program Analytical Psychology The Analyst Training Program Elements of the Training Program Admissions Requirements Certification Requirements Tuition Financial Assistance Stages of Training The Mission of the C. G. Jung Institute of Chicago Institute Certifications Continuing Education Non-Discrimination Policy Section 1 General Guidelines 1.1 Personal Analyst Role 1.2 Attendance 1.3 Candidate Files 1.4 Handbook Purpose & Changes 1.5 Nomenclature Section 2 Administrative Structure 2.1 The IAAP 2.2 The CSJA 2.3 The Training Committee 2.4 The Monitoring Committees 2.5 The Director of Training 2.6 Individual Analysts 2.7 The Board 2.8 Contingency Plans for the Analyst Training Program 2.9 Organizational Chart Section 3 Curriculum 3.1 Introduction 3.2 The History and Development of Analytical Psychology Four-Year Curriculum 3.3 The Theory and Practice of Analytical Psychology Four-Year Curriculum 3.4 Topics in Analytical Psychology 3.5 Analytic Process Colloquium or Seminar 3.6 Process Group 3.7 Community Training Weekends 3.8 Additional Courses Adopted by CSJA, September 2018 Page 1 of 4 Analyst Training Program Handbook Table of Contents 3.9 Credit Hours 3.10 Curriculum Requirement for Certification 3.11 Meetings with the Director of Training Section 4 System for Evaluation 4.1 General Statement Concerning Evaluation
    [Show full text]