Cathedrals, Churches, Caves Notes on Architecture, History, and Worship
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Anabaptist History Unit.Qxd
The Dawn of a New Age BACKGROUND During the next two centuries, the Holy Roman Empire slowly began to decline. Various states—such as England, Germany, and Bohemia—became angry when their tax dollars went toward building bridges in Rome. People from individual states began building loyalty toward those states instead of Rome. The Roman Empire, for all practical purposes, had become divided into smaller social states with their own unique ideals and customs. Other changes took place during the 1300s and 1400s as well. Across the empire, people became intrigued with ancient Greek and Roman philosophy and literature. This period of great awakening set the stage for new ways of thinking. By the early 1500s, corruption in the church had reached its peak. Many bishops, priests, abbots, monks, and popes were living in luxury and sin. The church had gained much wealth and power through the practice of selling indulgences. When a person sinned, he or she would confess the sin to the local priest. The priest would then ask that person to pay a specific fee, according to the seriousness of the sin. This fee was viewed as a guarantee that the sin would be forgiven. People also bought indulgences to release persons they knew from purgatory. Actually, the selling of indulgences was a profitable way to raise money for the government without assessing more taxes. People who were opposed to paying large sums of money in taxes often did not balk at paying small amounts (over time) for the purchase of indulgences. The church split these monies with the gov- ernment. -
Doopsgezinde Martelaren in Europa
1 DOOPSGEZINDE MARTELAREN IN EUROPA Zwitserland, Italië, Oostenrijk, Duitsland, Moravië, Engeland NAMENREGISTER DOOR TH. J. VAN BRAGHT -------------- Gids voor de Doopsgezinde Martelaren van Europa 1524-1614 Door Charlie Kraybill Een publicatie van de Marginal Mennonite Society (MMS) STICHTING DE GIHONBRON MIDDELBURG 2019 2 INHOUD TOELICHTING INHOUD DEEL 1 Van de Martelaarsspiegel van T.J. Van Braght INHOUD DEEL 2 VAN DE HISTORIE EN DE MARTELAARS VAN DOOPSGEZINDEN IN NOORD-NEDERLAND. T.J. Van Braght INHOUD DEEL 2, VERVOLG. MARTELAREN IN ZWITSERLAND, ITALIË, OOSTENRIJK / TIROL, ZUID-NEDERLAND, (BELGIË) MORAVIE, DUITSLAND. T.J. Van Braght Gids voor de Doopsgezinde Martelaren van Europa. 1524-1614 DOOR Charlie Kraybill ZWITSERLAND blz. 23 ITALIË blz. 28 TIROL blz. 29 OOSTENRIJK blz. 32 NOORD- EN ZUID-VLAANDEREN blz. 39 MORAVIË / BOHEMEN / TSJECHIE blz. 56 DUITSLAND blz. 57 ENGELAND blz. 70 Literatuurlijst 3 TOELICHTING In deze naamlijst van martelaren worden de martelaren in Europa beschreven vanaf de tijd van Reformatie ca 1525 tot 1650. Eerst volgt de lijst die ontleent is aan Van Braght zijn boeken, daarna de naamlijst die samengesteld is door C. Kraybill. Kraybill schrijft: Het totale aantal Doopsgezinde martelaren is onbekend. Het bijhouden van gegevens in de verschillende regio's van het Europa van de 16e eeuw was inconsistent. In sommige gebieden werden verslagen bijgehouden maar gingen later verloren of vernietigd. In andere gebieden werden er in de eerste plaats geen records bijgehouden. Er zijn ook plaatsen waar we alleen nummers of namen van martelaren hebben zonder verdere details. De meest uitgebreide martelaarsinformatie die vandaag beschikbaar is, komt uit Vlaanderen en Nederland. Dit betekent niet dat meer mensen op die plaatsen werden gemarteld dan elders. -
New Worlds: What the Renaissance
6TH MAY 2020 Forgotten Victims from the Age of Atrocity Professor Alec Ryrie This last lecture of this series on religious atrocities in the age of the Reformation and the religious wars, is about victims who were denied the limelight, who did not receive the full on-stage treatment in their own time. One of the features of atrocities that we have seen again and again is that not all victims are equal. Some – only a few, really – of those who died untimely deaths in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries died in just such a way that their deaths were useful to their contemporaries and successors; they could be made into myths, they helped to populate the world with heroes and villains, to warn successive generations against lowering their guard, or to train them in self-sacrificial virtue, or to remind them of why some truths could never be compromised. Meanwhile, most of the dead were passed over in silence because no-one, or not enough people, had a point they wanted to use them to make. A single death is a tragedy, Stalin supposedly said, and a million deaths are a statistic: but neither is an atrocity, not until someone makes it one, by deciding who needs to be celebrated, who needs to be blamed, and what lessons the survivors and successors of the dead should draw. And as we have also seen throughout this series, the making of atrocities never stands still. Some atrocities fade into memory, like the St Bartholomew’s Day Massacre. Atrocities that were once terrifying become the stuff of jokes, like the Spanish Inquisition. -
Defending the Defenseless: a Radical Return to an Honest Portrayal of Anabaptism
Defending the Defenseless: A Radical Return to an Honest Portrayal of Anabaptism Dr. Emir Caner The Center for Theological Research January 2010 White Paper 32 Published by the Center for Theological Research at www.BaptistTheology.org © 2010 Emir Caner This paper was delivered as part of Radical Reformation Day, 21 January 2010, in the chapel service of Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary, Fort Worth, Texas, to commemorate the contributions of our fathers in the faith. Permissions: The purpose of this material is to serve the churches. Please feel free to distribute as widely as possible. We ask that you maintain the integrity of the document and the author’s wording by not making any alterations. For special requests please contact the editorial board for the White Papers for approval at [email protected]. Malcolm B. Yarnell III, Director The Center for Theological Research Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary Fort Worth, Texas Defending the Defenseless A White Paper from the CTR Defending the Defenseless: A Radical Return to an Honest Portrayal of Anabaptism Now It Can be Told—Now It Must be Told January 21, 1525, should be seared in the conscience of all Christians who hold dear the concept of a free church in a free age. On that day, as it has been well documented, a small group of young men gathered in the home of Felix Manz and, without ever knowing it, changed the course of Christianity, perhaps the course of all history. Here, George Blaurock (1491–1529) demanded his good friend Conrad Grebel (1498–1526) to ―baptize him with the true Christian baptism upon his faith and knowledge.‖1 The believer‘s church movement was once again reborn. -
CHURCH HISTORY LITERACY Lesson 56 & 57 Anabaptists
CHURCH HISTORY LITERACY Lesson 56 & 57 Anabaptists, Hutterites, Mennonites, Amish, and Brethren We have studied Luther and his spiritual revolution waged against the Church and government of his day. While Luther was fighting for justification by faith in Germany, another movement to the south was struggling against the religious and governmental powers as well. The scene: Switzerland and Bavaria; the time: 1520’s; the cause: Biblical Christianity. Here, however, the adversary to free religious expression was equally Protestant as it was Catholic. As with Luther, the stage was set for things to happen in the area of human thought and belief. The advent of the printing press made writing more available. The ready availability of writing made literacy more important and useful. Increased literacy brought on the greater sharing of ideas, and western civilization found itself in the midst of a renaissance of learning. The dark ages were moving rapidly into history as civilization moved forward. Understandably, this energy for learning and change affected every arena of public and personal life, and religion was in no way excluded. The effect of putting the Bible in mass distribution and giving people the education to read and understand it was huge. More and more people would read the Bible and question the doctrines and practices the church authorities taught. It was no coincidence that this same renaissance brought on exploration as countries and adventurers set out to find new trade routes and treasures. The discovery of the New World brought a measure of discomfort in the intellect and in faith. People were recognizing that the world was greater than previously thought. -
Information to Users
INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect repmduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscn'pt and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing fmm left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Photographs included in the original manusuipt have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6' x 9' black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustmtions appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. Bell 8 HowaH Information and Learning 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1346 USA EARLY SEVENTEENTH CENTURY MENNONITE CONFESSIONS OF FAITH: THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN ANABAPTIST TRADITION by Karl Peter Koop A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Theology of the University of St. Michae18s College and the Department of Theology of the Toronto School of Theology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Theology awarded by the University of St. -
A Study of Early Anabaptism As Minority Religion in German Fiction
Heresy or Ideal Society? A Study of Early Anabaptism as Minority Religion in German Fiction DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Ursula Berit Jany Graduate Program in Germanic Languages and Literatures The Ohio State University 2013 Dissertation Committee: Professor Barbara Becker-Cantarino, Advisor Professor Katra A. Byram Professor Anna Grotans Copyright by Ursula Berit Jany 2013 Abstract Anabaptism, a radical reform movement originating during the sixteenth-century European Reformation, sought to attain discipleship to Christ by a separation from the religious and worldly powers of early modern society. In my critical reading of the movement’s representations in German fiction dating from the seventeenth to the twentieth century, I explore how authors have fictionalized the religious minority, its commitment to particular theological and ethical aspects, its separation from society, and its experience of persecution. As part of my analysis, I trace the early historical development of the group and take inventory of its chief characteristics to observe which of these aspects are selected for portrayal in fictional texts. Within this research framework, my study investigates which social and religious principles drawn from historical accounts and sources influence the minority’s image as an ideal society, on the one hand, and its stigmatization as a heretical and seditious sect, on the other. As a result of this analysis, my study reveals authors’ underlying programmatic aims and ideological convictions cloaked by their literary articulations of conflict-laden encounters between society and the religious minority. -
The Roots of Anabaptist Empathetic Solidarity, Nonviolent Advocacy, and Peacemaking
The Roots of Anabaptist Empathetic Solidarity, Nonviolent Advocacy, and Peacemaking John Derksen Introduction uch of Mennonite nonviolent advocacy and peacebuild- ing today finds its roots in sixteenth-century Anabaptism. But Msixteenth-century Anabaptists were diverse. In keeping with the polygenesis viewSAMPLE of Anabaptist origins, this paper assumes diversity in the geography, origins, cultures, shaping influences, spiritual orientations, attitudes to violence, and other expressions of Anabaptists.1 We define Anabaptists as those who accepted (re)baptism or believer’s baptism and the implications of that choice. Various Anabaptists had sectarian, ascetic, spiri- tualist, social revolutionary, apocalyptic, rationalistic, or other orientations, and the distinctions between them were often blurred. Geographically, they emerged in Switzerland in 1525, in South Germany-Austria in 1526, and in the Netherlands in 1530. Many agree that the Anabaptists displayed 1. Stayer, Packull, and Deppermann, “Monogenesis,” 83–121; Coggins, “Defini- tion”; Stayer, Sword. Surveys of Anabaptist history that incorporate the polygenesis perspective include Snyder, Anabaptist, and Weaver, Becoming Anabaptist. Works that explore Anabaptist unity beyond polygenesis include Weaver, Becoming Anabaptist, and Roth and Stayer, Companion. 13 © 2016 The Lutterworth Press 14 Historical Conditions of Anabaptist-Mennonite Peacebuilding Approaches both Protestant and Catholic characteristics in different configurations. “Negatively, there was anger against social, economic, and religious abuses . but responses to this discontent varied widely. Positively, the ‘Word of God’ served as a rallying point for all, but differences . emerged over how it was understood and used.”2 While Swiss Anabaptists tended to fa- vor sectarianism after the 1525 Peasants’ War, South German and Austrian Anabaptists tended more toward spiritualism, and early Dutch Anabaptists tended toward apocalyptic thinking. -
2018 3 9 Catalog
LANCASTER MENNONITE HISTORICAL SOCIETY’S BENEFIT AUCTION OF RARE, OUT-OF-PRINT, AND USED BOOKS FRIDAY, MARCH 9, 2018, AT 6:30 P.M. TEL: (717) 393-9745; FAX: (717) 393-8751; EMAIL: [email protected] WEBSITE: http://www.lmhs.org/ The Lancaster Mennonite Historical Society will conduct an auction on March 9, 2018, at 2215 Millstream Road, Lancaster, Pennsylvania, one-half mile east of the intersection of Routes 30 and 462. The sale dates for the remainder of 2018 are as follows: May 11, July 13, September 14 and November 9. Please refer to the last page of the catalog for book auction procedures. Individual catalogs are available from the Society for $5.00 + $3.00 postage and handling. Persons who wish to be added to the mailing list for the rest of 2018 may do so by sending $15.00 with name and address to the Society. Higher rates apply for subscribers outside of the United States. All subscriptions expire at the end of the calendar year. The catalog is also available for free on our web site at www.lmhs.org/auction.html. 1. Bender, Harold S. Conrad Grebel, c. 1498-1526, the Founder of the Swiss Brethren, Sometimes Called Anabaptists. Studies in Anabaptist and Mennonite History, no. 6, vol. 1. Goshen, Ind.: Mennonite Historical Society, 1950. xvi, 326pp (b/w ill, bib, ind, copy of author, syp, gc). 2. Friedmann, Robert. Mennonite Piety Through the Centuries: Its Genius and Its Literature. Studies in Anabaptist and Mennonite History, no. 7. Goshen, Ind.: Mennonite Historical Society, 1949. xv, [i], 287pp (fp, b/w ill, bib, ind, presentation copy signed by author, syp, gc). -
History 415: Society and Radicalism California State University Channel Islands Catalog and Course Description: This Course Stud
History 415: Society and Radicalism California State University Channel Islands Catalog and Course Description: This course studies the emergence of different styles of protests and radicalism in the modern world. Topics include, but are not limited to, radical thinkers, theories, philosophies, organizations, strategies, movements, as well as the roles and influences they had in society. Fulfills the thematic category of the History major. This semester in Society and Radicalism, the course will focus on radicalism as it appears within the context of the late medieval and early modern eras. To that end, the course will primarily explore the German Peasants War and the Radical Reformation, and the various interpretations historians have offered for why these events occurred Learning Objectives and Outcomes: The perennial reoccurrence of various forms of radicalism throughout modern history is a constant reminder of the inequalities and injustices in society; a concentrated study of those radical voices, expressions, and strategies, therefore, helps to underscore the complexity of human experience as well as the indomitable human spirit seeking for the path to justice and equality. Students who successfully pass this course will be able to: • describe the historical circumstances under which different forms of radicalism emerge. • write analyses of the reasons for successes or failures of radicalism. • develop explanations of the impacts and roles radicalism had in history. Required Texts: Michael G. Baylor, ed. The Radical Reformation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995. Harro Höpfl, ed. Luther and Calvin on Secular Authority. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991. Richard Wunderli Peasant Fires: The Drummer of Niklashausen. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1992. -
Stories to Sustain a Peace Church
Stories to Sustain a Peace Church Aldred Neufeldt with Tim Schmucker and Harold Thiessen Texts: Romans 12:19-21; Matthew 5:38-48 Today we celebrate Peace Sunday. It’s also Remembrance Day. It first was called Armistice Day when, exactly 100 years ago – on the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month – a treaty ended the Great War– a war to end all wars, as some called it. Throughout the war both opposing forces told their citizens that God was on their side. By its end at least 10 million combatants died – two times as many were injured. And then there were the millions of civilian deaths – 40 million died in all, are the statistics I’ve seen. These deaths are remembered today in Canada – beginning at our memorials in France. Who here has visited Beaumont-Hamel and Vimy Ridge? You walk on Canadian soil when you’re there – land bequeathed by France – so Canada’s first Remembrance Day celebration today took place there. It’s profoundly moving to walk amongst the graves, thousands of them, row on row, the figure of a weeping woman looking over the field of dead below. Guides speak poignantly to what happened – and, if you listen to the subtext, you can’t help but conclude that war is a stupid way to solve problems. To me, a visit there underscored how important our Anabaptist peace witness is. At the end of that ugly time there was little appetite for war – mostly grief and remembering – and a call to end all wars. -