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Typology of Fala Kanci House As a North Maluku Traditional House

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Typology of Fala Kanci House As a North Maluku Traditional House LOCAL WISDOM, 12 (2): 148-155, 2020 Local Wisdom Scientific Online Journal ISSN: 2086-3764 Typology of Fala Kanci House as a North Maluku Traditional House Endah Harisun Programme of Study in Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, Khairun University, Ternate, Indonesia Corresponding Author: [email protected] Abstract Keywords: The Indonesian people are very rich in tradition and culture. One of Fala kanci, Traditional the traditions and culture that still exists today is a traditional house. house, Typology This traditional house has the uniqueness and characteristics of each region. Buttoned traditional house (fala kanci) is a traditional North Maluku house spread throughout North Maluku. Button house has unique characteristics, namely building construction. With building construction using wood as a building structure starting from beams on foundation, columns and beams which all bound together using traditional wooden pegs and joints. In this modern era the existence of traditional houses is increasingly rarely found. This research it is hoped that it can open up the horizons of thought about the existence and uniqueness of traditional houses owned by the people of North Maluku in general and the people of Ternate in particular. The typology approach by comparing four traditional houses of fala kanci was chose from four different villages, so that it can be conclude about the characteristics of fala kanci traditional houses in Ternate. These characteristics are in the form of building facades, floor plans, walls, foundations and construction of fala kanci traditional houses. Fala Kanci is also an earthquake resistant building because of the uniqueness of its building frame. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26905/lw.v12i2.4005 Article History Received : Feb 24, 2020 @ 2017 The Authors. Published by GKAK UNMER Malang Accepted : June 26, 2020 Published : July 15, 2020 1. INTRODUCTION Various traditional architecture in Indonesia is a legacy of ancestors who have a very broad cultural arts and different from one another. One of them is a traditional (Mukhtar & Pangarsa, 2013). Traditional architecture is architecture that is still alive and continues to be preserved from one generation to another in sequence. Because of the progress of time and the difference in time, traditional architecture is also changing (Prasetya, 2007). 148 LOCAL WISDOM, Vol. 12 No. 2 July 2020 Local Wisdom Scientific Online Journal Currently, traditional houses are experiencing challenges for homeowners whether to preserve traditional buildings or make changes from the original. The phenomenon that occurs today is restoring traditional forms by preserving traditional buildings today. By restoring the current traditional forms, traditional houses will lose their meaning (Tarigan, 2016). The activity of preserving traditional architecture is not only for aesthetic satisfaction, but also must consider the direct and indirect impacts of community welfare. To make traditional societies become modern societies, people do not need to replace building materials, which the use can be actualized and has an identity (Pattipeilohy, 2013) Ternate city is one of the cities in North Maluku Province is an old city that is more than 765 years old and has many historical heritages. These relics are only recorded in various literature books and media as historical stories that do not receive much attention (Harisun & Quraisy, 2017). One of the relics is the traditional house fala kanci (button house). fala kanci is a traditional house that is spread throughout the North Maluku region. Now the existence of traditional houses fala kanci is rare found along with the destruction of old houses and houses built in contemporary architectural style. Fala Kanci comes from the local language Fala means "home" and Kanci means "button". Fala kanci is called a button house because the house structure system uses a timber frame structure system that is connected by not using nails, but using a peg as a binding to the building structure. The fala kanci traditional house was the people's house of its time and included cultural heritage buildings because the average age of the fanca kanci house was more than 50 years. Button house characteristics are define as members of the human body consisting of the head (roof), body (wall) and legs (foundation). According to the custom of the Ternate community, button houses are the result of culture and tradition because the button house is a symbol of brotherhood compared to building construction that is bound to one another by using a peg (nail replacement) as a hold. If one peg is release, all ties in the building blocks and columns will be release to. So they are connected to each other and are one entity. 2. METHODOLOGY The approach taken in this research is descriptive-qualitative by describing the results of the field survey regarding the condition of the research object. While the method used in this study is to trace the typology of the characteristics of fala kanci house. Typology is a process carried out to study the types of architectural objects and then group them based on similarities in the basic forms and functions of architectural objects (Setyowati, Wulandari, & Pamungkas, 2014). Because of the unique building construction, this research variable focuses on façade building, floor plans, building roof forms, building construction and building materials. Whereas traditional building objects are chosen based on the age criteria of houses over 50 years old and are scattered in several areas of Ternate. Many buildings still retain the construction of fala kanci house, but in parts of their homes have used new materials such as ceramics and bricks, while houses that have been built for more than 50 years still retain these building materials. 149 Typology of Fala Kanci House as a North Maluku Traditional House Endah Harisun Table 1. The spread of research object houses Building location Information (a). Loto Village The owner is Mrs. Asfia Haji Ismail and the old of this building is 51 years based on interviews (b). Taduma Village The owner is Mr. Abdullah Hasan and the old of this building is 58 years based on interviews (c). Jambula Village The owner is Mr. Tamrin Hasyim and the old of this building is 70 years based on interviews (d). Sasa Village The owner is Mr. Yakub Hadad and the old of this building is 52 years based on interviews 3. THE TYPOLOGY OF FALA KANCI TRADISIONAL HOUSE Building Façade According to the Krier in (Santri, 2017), the facade is an important element in architecture that represents the function of the building. The façade of the fala kanci traditional house is dominated by terraces and wooden pillars. Description Type (a) Type (b) Type (c) Type (d) Building Facade Characteristi - The facade of the building is dominated by a terrace with Lumber cs poles - The type of building facades in the houses in the Loto and Jambula villages are the same, while the facades of the houses in the villages of Taduma and Sasa begin with the front bedroom next to the terrace - The building roof model in the three villages is almost the same in the form of a pyramid while the roof of the five houses in Jambula village is in the form of a saddle - The entire terrace of the house is limited by half a wall about 50 cm high Layout The plan of the fala kanci house is rectangular with the orientation of the building facing the sea to the east and the mountain to the west. The plan of the fala kanci house is rectangular with the orientation of the building facing the sea to the east and the mountain to the west. Table 2. Floor plan typology Description Type (a) Type (b) Type (c) Type (d) floor plan form Characteristic - Rectangular floor plan shape 150 LOCAL WISDOM, Vol. 12 No. 2 July 2020 Local Wisdom Scientific Online Journal Description Type (a) Type (b) Type (c) Type (d) s - The house consists of a terrace, living room, family room and kitchen WC which is placed separately from the main building - The addition of new space in the back that functions as a kitchen and dining room except in house type (d) which is still original The development of the house with the addition of the number of rooms caused by the development of family needs (Tarigan, 2015) - Placement of the bedroom on the right side of the building while the living room and family room on the left side and the original building composition is KM / WC separate from the main building. The procedure for placing a room in a fala kanci house is: - Terrace (surabi), interpreting the terrace as a shelter for people who pass or function as a shelter/stop for a few moments, for example when it rains they take shelter on someone's terrace; - The Living Room (foris), it is a place to receive guests and a place to relax; - Family bedroom (konora bati-bati), they interpret this as a sleeping area that is usually occupied by parents; - The front bedroom (tomagunaga bati-bati), the front of the bedroom is usually occupied by boys to maintain the security of the house; - Back room (tomadudu bati-bati), girls' bedrooms are usually behind this due to the diverse needs of women and anticipating unwanted things that can happen. Women's rooms should not be adjacent to the living room where women are very guarded by privacy such as not wearing minimal clothing when they finish bathing and going to her room; - Bathroom (Dum bati), the bathroom is located separately from the building because according to the community the house is a holy place that must be kept away from dirty things so it must be separated. Building Roof Forms The roof is one of the elements in the building that is important for the tropics.
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