Citrus Greening Management in Jamaica
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
How to Fight Citrus Greening Disease (And It’S Not Through Genetic Engineering)
William & Mary Environmental Law and Policy Review Volume 40 (2015-2016) Issue 3 Article 7 May 2016 Saving The Orange: How to Fight Citrus Greening Disease (And It’s Not Through Genetic Engineering) Evan Feely Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmelpr Part of the Agriculture Law Commons, and the Environmental Law Commons Repository Citation Evan Feely, Saving The Orange: How to Fight Citrus Greening Disease (And It’s Not Through Genetic Engineering), 40 Wm. & Mary Envtl. L. & Pol'y Rev. 893 (2016), https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmelpr/vol40/iss3/7 Copyright c 2016 by the authors. This article is brought to you by the William & Mary Law School Scholarship Repository. https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmelpr SAVING THE ORANGE: HOW TO FIGHT CITRUS GREENING DISEASE (AND IT’S NOT THROUGH GENETIC ENGINEERING) EVAN FEELY* INTRODUCTION The orange is dying. With Florida’s citrus industry already suffer- ing from the growing skepticism of an increasingly health-conscious American public as to orange juice’s benefits,1 the emergence of citrus greening disease over the past two decades has left the orange’s long-term future very much in doubt.2 A devastating virus first documented in China roughly one hundred years ago, citrus greening disease (or “HLB”), has only migrated to Florida in the past twenty years, but has quickly made up for lost time.3 Primarily transmitted by an insect known as the Asian citrus psyllid (“ACP”), the disease has devastated Florida growers in recent years, wiping out entire groves and significantly affecting trees’ overall yield.4 This past year, Florida growers experienced their least productive harvest in forty years, and current estimates of next year’s yield are equally dismal.5 * J.D. -
An 1893 Supreme Court Tax Ruling Made Tomatoes Vegetables – They’Re Fruits
An 1893 Supreme Court Tax Ruling Made Tomatoes Vegetables – They’re Fruits National Eat Your Vegetables Day is observed annually on June 17. June is National Fresh Fruit and Vegetables Month, and National Eat Your Vegetables Day is one more opportunity to remind everyone to continue with this part of a healthy diet. Click Here For Additional Stories And Videos On South Florida Reporter As part of a main meal or as a snack, vegetables can be enjoyed in a variety of ways. Each vegetable has its own nutritional content though generally, they contain a little protein or fat and varying proportions of vitamins such as Vitamin A, Vitamin K and Vitamin B6, provitamins, dietary minerals and carbohydrates. They also contain a variety of other phytochemicals, some of which have antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and anticarcinogenic properties. Many vegetables also contain fiber which is important for gastrointestinal function. Another benefit is the essential nutrients that vegetables contain that are necessary for healthy hair and skin. When eating a diet consisting of the recommended amounts of fruits and vegetables, it may help lower the risk of heart diseases and type 2 diabetes. These diets may also help to decrease bone loss and protect against some cancers. The potassium provided may help prevent the formation of kidney stones. It is recommended by the USDA Dietary Guidelines for Americans, to consume 3 to 5 servings of vegetables per day. This recommendation may vary, however, depending on age and gender. For most vegetables, one serving is equivalent of 1/2 to 1 cup and can be eaten either raw or cooked. -
Citrus Bacterial Canker Disease and Huanglongbing (Citrus Greening)
PUBLICATION 8218 Citrus Bacterial Canker Disease and Huanglongbing (Citrus Greening) MARYLOU POLEK, Citrus Tristeza Virus Program, California Department of Food and Agriculture, Tulare; GEORGIOS VIDALAKIS, Citrus Clonal Protection Program (CCPP), Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside; and KRIS GODFREY, UNIVERSITY OF Biological Control Program, California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento CALIFORNIA Division of Agriculture INTroduCTioN and Natural Resources Compared with the rest of the world, the California citrus industry is relatively free of http://anrcatalog.ucdavis.edu diseases that can impact growers’ profits. Unfortunately, exotic plant pathogens may become well established before they are recognized as such. This is primarily because some of the initial symptoms mimic other diseases, mineral deficiencies, or toxicities. In addition, development of disease symptoms caused by some plant pathogenic organisms occurs a long time after initial infection. This long latent period results in significantly delayed disease diagnosis and pathogen detection. Citrus canker (CC) and huanglong- bing (HLB, or citrus greening) are two very serious diseases of citrus that occur in many other areas of the world but are not known to occur in California. If the pathogens caus- ing these diseases are introduced into California, it will create serious problems for the state’s citrus production and nursery industries. CiTrus BACTerial CaNker Disease Citrus bacterial canker disease (CC) is caused by pathotypes or variants of the bacterium Xanthomonas axonopodis (for- merly campestris) pv. citri (Xac). This bacterium is a quaran- tine pest for many citrus-growing countries and is strictly regulated by international phytosanitary programs. Distinct pathotypes are associated with different forms of the disease (Gottwald et al. -
Literature Research
Literature Search 20. Literature Search Growing Lemons in Australia - a production manual© 20 — 1 Literature Search Abu-Awwad, A.M. 2001. Influence of Different Water Quantities and Qualities on Lemon trees and Soil Salt Distribution at the Jordan Valley. Agricultural Water Management 52: 53-71. Young lemon trees (Eureka) were studied for five years (1996-2000). Five water levels and three water qualities were imposed via trickle irrigation system on clay loam soil. In saline substrates Na+ and C1- are usually the dominant ions. The lemon tree is a salt-sensitive crop to salinity, and even low salt concentrations may affect its growth and productivity. A field experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of different water and salinity levels on the development of young lemon (Eureka) trees. Materials and Methods A field experiment was conducted for 5 years. One dripper per tree for the first year, two drippers 1.0 m apart per tree for the second year, and thereafter four drippers 1.0 m apart. 8L/hr of five water levels and three water qualities. Conclusion Increasing irrigation water salinity increased salt concentration and osmotic potential in the root zone, and consequently reduced lemon annual water use, stem diameter and fruit yield. Regardless of irrigation water salinity, the significantly highest fruit yield was at irrigation water depth equal to evaporation depth from class A pan when corrected for tree canopy percentage shaded area. Adriaensens, S.Z., Past and Present Situation of the Spanish Citrus Industry, 1993. Lemon group The Verna is a typically Spanish variety of unknown origin. -
Crop Profile for Citrus (Minor) Lime, Pummelo, and Kumquat in Florida
Crop Profile for Citrus (Minor) Lime, Pummelo, and Kumquat in Florida Prepared: November, 2001 General Production Information ● Lime in this crop profile refers to the 'Tahiti' lime (Citrus latifolia). Pest management practices of other members of the Rutaceae such as Key lime (Citrus aurantifolia), pummelo (Citrus grandis), and kumquat (Fortunella sp.) may also be described, since survey questionnaires grouped these four tropical fruits together. All of these species of citrus are grown for the fresh market. ● The 1997-1998 average yield of limes in Florida was 14,344 pounds per acre. At a price of $5.02 per box, the Florida crop (440,000 boxes) was worth approximately $2.21 million (1). ● In 2000-2001, 1,171 acres in Florida produced 22 million pounds of 'Tahiti' lime. This is a 58 percent decrease from the previous year, when 53 million pounds were recorded (2,3). ● As of the end of 2000, there has been a 63 percent reduction in lime acreage since 1996 (bearing acreage of 3,168 acres). Except for 20 acres, all of the lime production is located in Miami-Dade County. Consequently, ninety-eight percent of 'Tahiti' lime production occurs in this county (3). ● Florida was ranked first in the United States in lime production. No other states were listed as leading lime-producers (1). ● Reductions in lime acreage have occurred due to Hurricane Andrew and citrus canker. Bearing acreage before Andrew was approximately 6,000 acres, which dropped drastically to 1,668 acres after this event (4). An estimated 290,000 lime trees (2,800 acres) have been lost to citrus canker in the 2000-2001 period (2). -
Citrus from Seed?
Which citrus fruits will come true to type Orogrande, Tomatera, Fina, Nour, Hernandina, Clementard.) from seed? Ellendale Tom McClendon writes in Hardy Citrus Encore for the South East: Fortune Fremont (50% monoembryonic) “Most common citrus such as oranges, Temple grapefruit, lemons and most mandarins Ugli Umatilla are polyembryonic and will come true to Wilking type. Because most citrus have this trait, Highly polyembryonic citrus types : will mostly hybridization can be very difficult to produce nucellar polyembryonic seeds that will grow true to type. achieve…. This unique characteristic Citrus × aurantiifolia Mexican lime (Key lime, West allows amateurs to grow citrus from seed, Indian lime) something you can’t do with, say, Citrus × insitorum (×Citroncirus webberii) Citranges, such as Rusk, Troyer etc. apples.” [12*] Citrus × jambhiri ‘Rough lemon’, ‘Rangpur’ lime, ‘Otaheite’ lime Monoembryonic (don’t come true) Citrus × limettioides Palestine lime (Indian sweet lime) Citrus × microcarpa ‘Calamondin’ Meyer Lemon Citrus × paradisi Grapefruit (Marsh, Star Ruby, Nagami Kumquat Redblush, Chironja, Smooth Flat Seville) Marumi Kumquat Citrus × sinensis Sweet oranges (Blonde, navel and Pummelos blood oranges) Temple Tangor Citrus amblycarpa 'Nasnaran' mandarin Clementine Mandarin Citrus depressa ‘Shekwasha’ mandarin Citrus karna ‘Karna’, ‘Khatta’ Poncirus Trifoliata Citrus kinokuni ‘Kishu mandarin’ Citrus lycopersicaeformis ‘Kokni’ or ‘Monkey mandarin’ Polyembryonic (come true) Citrus macrophylla ‘Alemow’ Most Oranges Citrus reshni ‘Cleopatra’ mandarin Changshou Kumquat Citrus sunki (Citrus reticulata var. austera) Sour mandarin Meiwa Kumquat (mostly polyembryonic) Citrus trifoliata (Poncirus trifoliata) Trifoliate orange Most Satsumas and Tangerines The following mandarin varieties are polyembryonic: Most Lemons Dancy Most Limes Emperor Grapefruits Empress Tangelos Fairchild Kinnow Highly monoembryonic citrus types: Mediterranean (Avana, Tardivo di Ciaculli) Will produce zygotic monoembryonic seeds that will not Naartje come true to type. -
Survey of Phenolic Compounds Produced in Citrus
USDA ??:-Z7 S rveyof Phenolic United States Department of Agriculture C mpounds Produced IliIIiI Agricultural Research In Citrus Service Technical Bulletin Number 1856 December 1998 United States Department of Agriculture Survey of Phenolic Compounds Agricultural Produced in Citrus Research Service Mark Berhow, Brent Tisserat, Katherine Kanes, and Carl Vandercook Technical Bulletin Number 1856 December 1998 This research project was conducted at USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Fruit and Vegetable Chem istry laboratory, Pasadena, California, where Berhow was a research chemist, TIsserat was a research geneticist, Kanes was a research associate, and Vandercook, now retired, was a research chemist. Berhow and Tisserat now work at the USDA-ARS National Center for AgriCUltural Utilization Research, Peoria, Illinois, where Berhow is a research chemist and Tisserat is a research geneticist. Abstract Berhow, M., B. Tisserat, K. Kanes, and C. Vandercook. 1998. Survey of Mention of trade names or companies in this publication is solely for the Phenolic Compounds Produced in Citrus. U.S. Department ofAgriculture, purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommenda Agricultural Research Service, Technical Bulletin No. 1856, 158 pp. tion or endorsement by the U. S. Department ofAgriculture over others not mentioned. A survey of phenolic compounds, especially flavanones and flavone and flavonol compounds, using high pressure liquid chromatography was While supplies last, single copies of this publication may be obtained at no performed in Rutaceae, subfamily Aurantioideae, representing 5 genera, cost from- 35 species, and 114 cultivars. The average number of peaks, or phenolic USDA, ARS, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research compounds, occurring in citrus leaf, flavedo, albedo, and juice vesicles 1815 North University Street were 21, 17, 15, and 9.3, respectively. -
Generation of Sexual and Somatic Hybrids in Acid Citrus Fruits
GENERATION OF SEXUAL AND SOMATIC HYBRIDS IN ACID CITRUS FRUITS By ZENAIDA JOSEFINA VILORIA VILLALOBOS A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2003 Copyright 2003 by Zenaida Josefina Viloria Villalobos This dissertation is dedicated to my darling mother Olivia and to the memory of my beloved father Dimas, and to my sisters Celina, Doris, Celmira, and Olivia, and brothers Dimas, Silfredo and Alejandro, with love. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work was completed with the generous collaboration of many people to whom I will always be grateful. First I wish to thank my supervisor Dr. Jude Grosser, for his guidance, suggestions, and financial assistance during the last period of my studies. I also want to thank the University of Zulia and Fondo Nacional de Ciencias, Tecnologia e Innovation for giving me the opportunity to do my doctoral studies. I thank very much Dr. Renee Goodrich, Dr. Frederick Gmitter, Dr. Michael Kane and Dr. Dennis Gray for being members of my committee and for their contributions to this work. Thanks go to Dr. Glem Wright (University of Arizona) for making it possible to generate more lemon progenies in this study. I appreciate very much the supervision and help in completing the canker screening study from Dr. Graham, Diana Drouillard and Diane Bright. I thank very much Dr. Ramon Littell and Belkys Bracho for their assistance on the statistical analysis of my experiments. Thanks go to the Division of Plant Industry (Lake Alfred, FL), particularly to Mrs. -
Citrus Industry Biosecurity Plan 2015
Industry Biosecurity Plan for the Citrus Industry Version 3.0 July 2015 PLANT HEALTH AUSTRALIA | Citrus Industry Biosecurity Plan 2015 Location: Level 1 1 Phipps Close DEAKIN ACT 2600 Phone: +61 2 6215 7700 Fax: +61 2 6260 4321 E-mail: [email protected] Visit our web site: www.planthealthaustralia.com.au An electronic copy of this plan is available through the email address listed above. © Plant Health Australia Limited 2004 Copyright in this publication is owned by Plant Health Australia Limited, except when content has been provided by other contributors, in which case copyright may be owned by another person. With the exception of any material protected by a trade mark, this publication is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-No Derivs 3.0 Australia licence. Any use of this publication, other than as authorised under this licence or copyright law, is prohibited. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/ - This details the relevant licence conditions, including the full legal code. This licence allows for redistribution, commercial and non-commercial, as long as it is passed along unchanged and in whole, with credit to Plant Health Australia (as below). In referencing this document, the preferred citation is: Plant Health Australia Ltd (2004) Industry Biosecurity Plan for the Citrus Industry (Version 3.0 – July 2015). Plant Health Australia, Canberra, ACT. Disclaimer: The material contained in this publication is produced for general information only. It is not intended as professional advice on any particular matter. No person should act or fail to act on the basis of any material contained in this publication without first obtaining specific and independent professional advice. -
Holdings of the University of California Citrus Variety Collection 41
Holdings of the University of California Citrus Variety Collection Category Other identifiers CRC VI PI numbera Accession name or descriptionb numberc numberd Sourcee Datef 1. Citron and hybrid 0138-A Indian citron (ops) 539413 India 1912 0138-B Indian citron (ops) 539414 India 1912 0294 Ponderosa “lemon” (probable Citron ´ lemon hybrid) 409 539491 Fawcett’s #127, Florida collection 1914 0648 Orange-citron-hybrid 539238 Mr. Flippen, between Fullerton and Placentia CA 1915 0661 Indian sour citron (ops) (Zamburi) 31981 USDA, Chico Garden 1915 1795 Corsican citron 539415 W.T. Swingle, USDA 1924 2456 Citron or citron hybrid 539416 From CPB 1930 (Came in as Djerok which is Dutch word for “citrus” 2847 Yemen citron 105957 Bureau of Plant Introduction 3055 Bengal citron (ops) (citron hybrid?) 539417 Ed Pollock, NSW, Australia 1954 3174 Unnamed citron 230626 H. Chapot, Rabat, Morocco 1955 3190 Dabbe (ops) 539418 H. Chapot, Rabat, Morocco 1959 3241 Citrus megaloxycarpa (ops) (Bor-tenga) (hybrid) 539446 Fruit Research Station, Burnihat Assam, India 1957 3487 Kulu “lemon” (ops) 539207 A.G. Norman, Botanical Garden, Ann Arbor MI 1963 3518 Citron of Commerce (ops) 539419 John Carpenter, USDCS, Indio CA 1966 3519 Citron of Commerce (ops) 539420 John Carpenter, USDCS, Indio CA 1966 3520 Corsican citron (ops) 539421 John Carpenter, USDCS, Indio CA 1966 3521 Corsican citron (ops) 539422 John Carpenter, USDCS, Indio CA 1966 3522 Diamante citron (ops) 539423 John Carpenter, USDCS, Indio CA 1966 3523 Diamante citron (ops) 539424 John Carpenter, USDCS, Indio -
Winter Citrus Brightens Cold Weather Gloom
By Frieda’s Specialty Produce CEO Karen Caplan What better way to enliven the spirit during the winter months than with the bright colors, refreshing fragrance, and sweet taste of fresh citrus fruit. Not a lot of people associate citrus fruit with winter because it seems to be available year round, but, in fact, the winter months are when citrus fruits are at their sweetest. Florida produced 63% of the total U.S. citrus crop in 2012 with California coming in at 34%, and Texas and Arizona rounding out the last 3%. Florida is the largest grower of oranges at 70% of total U.S. production and grapefruit at 65%, while California is the largest producer of lemons at 92% and tangerines at 80%. Did you know that Americans consume more citrus per person than any other fruit? The bulk of this is attributable to orange juice, but the fresh citrus category is still among the top sellers in the industry. Our top selling citrus at Frieda’s include Oroblanco, Meyer lemons,blood oranges, A pomelo-grapefruit cross, the Oroblanco can brighten up a range of dishes. UGLI® (Uniq) fruit, and kumquats. Most of our citrus come from California, but our UGLI® (Uniq) fruit are only grown in Jamaica. We also extend our Meyer lemon season by sourcing from New Zealand and our blood oranges by importing them from Australia and Italy. Meaning "white gold" in Spanish, the Oroblanco was developed in 1958 and is a cross between a white grapefruit and a pomelo, the giant Chinese citrus. The fruit has yellow skin, a thick rind, and is virtually seedless. -
In This Issue
The Fruit Leaff April http://www.crfg.org 2010 Next Meeting In this April 10, 2010 Emma Prusch Park issue Social and set-up 12:30 Next meeting .................... 1 Lindcove citrus ................ 2 Meeting 1pm to 4pm The Banana Report .......... 5 Victory Gardens 2.0 ......... 7 Three Speakers in April! If you’ve ever wanted to build your own tree, here’s your chance to learn how to do it, at the annual green scionwood Membership exchange and April CRFG meeting. This month, CRFG is For information on chapter lucky to be hosting three citrus experts at Prusch Park, membership, notification starting at 1:00 in the afternoon on April 10th. of address and phone number changes, please Fixing what goes wrong contact: If you’ve ever had a citrus or avocado tree that didn’t do well, it might not have been your fault. You might have just picked the wrong variety for your conditions. Master Sara Sherfy gardener Nancy Garrison will talk about which citrus 9140 Paseo Tranquillo varieties are best for Bay Area microclimates. Gilroy, Ca 95020 (408) 825-9700 And if you need to know what’s eating your orange tree, [email protected] Aaron Dillon of Four Winds Nursery might be able to help. He’ll give a talk about a myriad of citrus diseases and healthy cultivation practices. Submit articles or Build it yourself questions to: But perhaps the most interesting facet of the meeting is the green scionwood exchange, where you can find rare Lisa Stapleton varieties of oranges, lemons, avocados, guavas, sapotes, 4254 Indigo Dr.