Evidence for the Presence of the Global Late Devonian Kellwasser
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СПИСАНИЕ НА БЪЛГАРСКОТО ГЕОЛОГИЧЕСКО ДРУЖЕСТВО, год. 80, кн. 3, 2019, с. 113–115 REVIEW OF THE BULGARIAN GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY, vol. 80, part 3, 2019, p. 113–115 Национална конференция с международно участие „ГЕОНАУКИ 2019“ National Conference with international participation “GEOSCIENCES 2019” Evidence for the presence of the global Late Devonian Kellwasser Event in the Berende section (Parchar Formation, Western Bulgaria) Доказателства за присъствие на глобалното къснодевонско събитие Kellwasser в разрез Беренде (Пърчарска свита, Западна България) Iliana Boncheva1, Valeri Sachanski1,2, Polina Andreeva1, Stoyan Tanatsiev2 Илияна Бончева1, Валери Сачански1,2, Полина Андреева1, Стоян Танациев2 1 Geological Institute, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev str., bl. 24, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] 2 University of Mining and Geology “St. Ivan Rilski”, 1 Prof. Boyan Kamenov str., Studentski Grad, 1700 Sofia, Bulgaria; E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected] Keywords: Late Kellwasser Event, Frasnian/Famennian boundary, conodonts, Western Bulgaria. Introduction Spassov, 1985; Boncheva, Yanev, 1993; Boncheva et al., 2015). The Frasnian–Famennian mass extinction is strati- Tsarichina section (Svoge Unit). According graphically associated with the famous Kellwas- to previous studies, the turbiditic accumulation in ser Event (cf., Buggisch, 1991; McGhee, 1996). It the Svoge Unit starts in Givetian, when siliciclas- is one of the largest Phanerozoic mass extinction tic and cherty rocks were deposited (Katina Forma- events that affects most of the global tropical ma- tion). Later, during the Late Devonian, a deposition rine ecosystems (e.g., Sandberg et al., 1988; Mor- of thick flysch succession of conglomerates, sand- row, 2000). In many sections, the Frasnian–Famen- stones and shales occurred. The Frasnian/Famenni- nian interval is characterized by a pair of organic- an boundary interval in the Katina Formation Tsari- rich dark limestones (the Lower and Upper “Kell- china section consists of black shales intercalated wasserkalk” beds) embedded between various lith- between two dark gray to black limestone layers. ologies (shales, cephalopod limestones, siliciclastic The latter were dated by conodonts (Boncheva et sediments) (cf., Buggisch, 1991).The global Late al., 2015) as topmost Frasnian (Palmatolepis lingui Kellwasser Event (Frasnian/Famennian boundary formis Zone) and basal Famennian (lower Palma interval) was recognized for the first time in West- tolepis triangularis Zone). ern Bulgaria in the Tsarichina section by Boncheva Berende section (Lyubash-Golo Bardo Unit). In et al. (2015), within the deep-water marine deposits the Lyubash-Golo Bardo Unit, turbiditic sedimenta- of the Katina Formation in the Svoge Unit (Sred- tion dominated from the Emsian–Eifelian to the Ear- nogorie Tectonic Zone after Dabovski, Zagorchev, ly Carboniferous time. In this unit, the Devonian con- 2009). In this study are presented new conodont sists of black graptolitic shales (Gradishte Formation, data concerning the Late Kellwasser Event in the Lochkovian), a lydite series (base of the Parchar For- Parchar Formation, in section Berende, from the mation), and a rhythmic sequence of shales, siltstones Lyubash-Golo Bardo Unit (Srednogorie Tectonic and sandstones (cf., Boncheva et al., 2015). The Up- Zone). per Devonian flysch sediments (1400 m in thickness) are subdivided into three formal lithostratigraphic Geological setting and stratigraphy units: Parchar, Tumba and Propalnitsa Formations The Late Kellwaser Event is documented in the (Yanev, Spassov, 1985). The Frasnian/Famennian Upper Devonian sedimentary successions from boundary interval in the Berende section occurred in the western part of the Srednogorie Tectonic Zone. the Parchar Formation. The last one consists of al- They are mostly composed of siliciclastic sediments ternating sandstones, siltstones and shales, thin-bed- interbedded with rare limestone lenses and are in- ded black lydites and a few thin limestone beds (cf., terpreted as flysch deposits (Yanev, 1985; Yanev, Boncheva, Yanev, 1993). 113 Conodont data of carbonates in the sedimentological sequence. The obtained conodont fauna indicates the presence of In Berende section, the Frasnian/Famennian (F/F) upper Palmatolepis rhenana Zone – P. linguiformis interval is characterized by the replacement of the Zone (Fig. 1). The taxa Palmatolepis delicatula polygnathid biofacies, with the abundantly pre- Branson & Mehl, Ancyrodella ioides Ziegler, Ancy sented taxa of the genus Palmatolepis, as well as rodella nodosa Ulrich & Bassler, Palmatolepis cf. the extremely poor and monotaxic icriodid biofa- eureka Ziegler & Sandberg, Palmatolepis subrecta cies. At the end of the Frasnian, the big group of Muller & Youngquist, Ancyrodella lobata Branson conodont species of the genus Ancyrodella disap- & Mehl, Ancyrodella gigas Ziegler, Ancyrodella peared. Most probably, this change of the conodont rotundiloba (Briant) belong to the upper part of the biofacies is related to the global Late Kellwasser Frasnian and to its last conodont zone – P. lingui mass extinction event. The zonal boundaries are not formis Zone (Ziegler, Sandberg, 1990). The pres- clearly observed and placed in section due to the ence of many species of Ancyrodella and their ab- complicated tectonic setting in the area and the lack sence in the overlying P. triangularis Zone, as well Fig. 1. A, B. Palaeogeographic reconstruction for the early Famennian age (after Scotese, 2014), with inferred location and simpli- fied logs of the peri-Gondwanan European sections (sensu Štorch, 1996), where the Kellwasser event was established (see also Carmichael et al., 2019): 1, The basal-Famennian GSSP in the Upper Quarry at Coumiac Section, Montagne Noire, Southern France (House et al., 2000; Becker et al., 2012); 2, FF Les Vilelles section, Catalan Coastal Ranges, Spain (Moreno et al., 2018); 3, Calabria, Southern Italy (Navas-Parejo et al., 2009); 4, Wolayer Glacie section, Carnic Alps, Austria (Joachimski et al., 1994); 5, Tsarichina and Berende sections, Srednogorie Tectonic Zone, Bulgaria (Boncheva et al., 2015); 6, Malaguide Complex, Betic Cordillera, Spain (Navas-Parejo et al., 2009); C, Paleontological plate: 1, Palmatolepis delicatula Branson & Mehl; 2, 3, 6, Pal matolepis triangularis Sannemann; 4, Ancyrodella ioides Ziegler; 5, 7, 8, Ancyrodella nodosa Ulrich & Bassler; 9, Palmatolepis cf. eureka Ziegler & Sandberg; 10, Palmatolepis delicatula Branson & Mehl; 11, Palmatolepid subrecta Muller & Youngquist; 12, Ancyrodella lobata Branson & Mehl; 13, Ancirodella gigas Ziegler; 14, Ancyrodella rotundiloba (Briant). 114 as the appearance of the zonal taxon Palmatolepis Boncheva, I., S. Yanev. 1993. New data on the Paleozoic flysch triangularis Sannemann give evidence for determi- of the Sofijska Stara Planina Mountain. – Geologica Balc., 23, 5, 15–22. nation of both the end of the Frasnian stage and the Boncheva, I., V. Sachanski, R. T. Becker. 2015. Late Devo- mass extinction in the studied section. nian Kellwasser and Annulata events in the Balkan Terrane The obtained conodont data from the Berende (Bulgaria). – Geologica Balc., 44, 1–3, 17–24. and Tsarichina sections (Srednogorie Tectonic Buggisch, W. 1991. The global Frasnian–Famennian „Kellwas- Zone, Western Bulgaria) are very similar to other ser Event“. – Geologische Rundschau, 80, 1, 49–72. Carmichael, S. K., J. A. Waters, P. Königsof, T. J. Suttner, E. Peri-Gondwanan sections, indicating the global Kido. 2019. Paleogeography and paleoenvironments of the Late Kellwasser Event (Fig. 1), e.g., the basal-Fa- Late Devonian Kellwasser event: A review of its sedimen- mennian GSSP in the Upper Quarry at Coumiac tological and geochemical expression. – Global and Plan Section, Montagne Noire, Southern France and the etary Change, 17 p. (in press) https://doi.org/10.1016/j. Wolayer Glacie Section, Carnic Alps, Austria (cf., gloplacha.2019.102984 Dabovski, H., I. Zagorchev. 2009. Introduction: Mesozoic Carmichael et al, 2019). evolution and Alpine structure. Alpine structure. – In: Zagorchev, I., H. Dabovski, T. Nikolov, (Eds.). Geology Conclusions of Bulgaria. Vol. II. Mesozoic Geology. Sofia, “Prof. M. Drinov” Academic Press, 30–37 (in Bulgarian with English The global Kellwasser Event is documented in the abstract). Western Srednogorie Zone in two tectonic units: the House, M. R., R. T. Becker, R. Feist, G. Flajs, C. Girard, G. Svoge Unit (Tsarichina section) and the Lyubash- Klapper. 2000. The Frasnian/Famennian boundary GSSP at Coumiac, southern France. – Courier Forschungsinstitut Golo Bardo Unit (Berende section), based on cono- Senckenberg, 225, 59–75. dont faunas. In both sections, the topmost Frasnian Joachimski, M. M., W. Buggisch, T. Anders. 1994. Mikrofa- (linguiformis Zone) and the base of the Famennian zies, Conodontenstratigraphie und Isotopengeochemie des (Lower triangularis Zone) were recognized. This Frasne/Famenne Grenzprofils Wolayer Gletscher (Karni- important bio-event is marked in the Berende sec- sche Alpen). – Abhandlungen Geologische Bundesanstalt Wien, 50, 183–95. tion by the replacement of the ancyrodella-polyg- McGhee, G. R. 1996. The Late Devonian Mass Extinction: the nathid biofacies with the abundantly presented taxa Frasnian/Famennian Crisis. Columbia University Press, of the genus Palmatolepis, as well as the extremely 303 p. poor and monotaxic icriodid biofacies. Disappear- Moreno, C., F. González, R.