Peptide Functionalized Nanoliposomes for Biomolecule Intracellular Delivery, Prepared Using

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Peptide Functionalized Nanoliposomes for Biomolecule Intracellular Delivery, Prepared Using 2 ADVERTIMENT. Lʼaccés als continguts dʼaquesta tesi queda condicionat a lʼacceptació de les condicions dʼús establertes per la següent llicència Creative Commons: http://cat.creativecommons.org/?page_id=184 ADVERTENCIA. El acceso a los contenidos de esta tesis queda condicionado a la aceptación de las condiciones de uso establecidas por la siguiente licencia Creative Commons: http://es.creativecommons.org/blog/licencias/ WARNING. The access to the contents of this doctoral thesis it is limited to the acceptance of the use conditions set by the following Creative Commons license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/?lang=en Peptide functionalized nanoliposomes for biomolecule intracellular delivery, prepared using compressed CO2 Dolores Bueno López Tesi doctoral Programa de Doctorat de Ciència dels Materials Directores Dr. Elisabet González Mira Dr. Nora Ventosa Rull Tutor Dr. Gonzalo Guirado López Departament de Química Facultat de Ciències 2020 2 La present memòria es presenta per aspirar al Grau de Doctor per: Dolores Bueno López, Vist i plau: Dr. Elisabet González Mira Dr. Nora Ventosa Rull Dr. Gonzalo Guirado López Bellaterra, 31 de gener de 2020 3 4 ELISABET GONZÁLEZ MIRA, Postdoctoral Researcher of CIBER-BBN and NORA VENTOSA RULL Scientific Researcher, of the Spanish Council of Research at the Materials Science Institute of Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) CERTIFY That Dolores Bueno López, Master in Sustainable Chemistry, has performed, under their management, the research work entitled "Peptide functionalized nanoliposomes for biomolecule intracellular delivery, prepared using compressed CO2". This work has been performed under the mark of the Materials Science Ph.D. program of the Chemistry Department of the Autonomous University of Barcelona. And in witness whereof this is signed by Directors Dr. Elisabet González Mira Dr. Nora Ventosa Rull Bellaterra, 31 de gener de 2020 5 6 “Temo que esté usted confundiendo la objetividad con la indiferencia. En la base de la investigación no está la indiferencia, está el interés, el amor por la verdad.” (Jean Guitton) 7 Agradecimientos Dice Chesterton que dar la vuelta al mundo es el camino más corto para llegar adonde ya se está. Y yo me siento un poco así: ha sido un largo viaje para llegar hasta donde estoy ahora mismo. Un viaje con un ritmo de montaña rusa, subiendo lentamente grandes cuestas y lanzándome luego en picado cabeza abajo… La verdad es que no ha sido un camino fácil. Como una vez dijo mi médico: Lo hicimos porque no sabíamos que era imposible. Según la OMS, una de cada cuatro personas tendrá un problema de salud mental a lo largo de su vida. Yo prefiero decir que una de cada cuatro personas somos un superhéroe oculto, pero son esas otras tres personas quienes marcan la diferencia y sacan a la luz lo mejor de nosotros. Esta historia más que de mí, va de cómo muchas de esas tres personas consiguieron que yo cumpliera mi sueño de hacer un doctorado en el CSIC. Por eso, estoy convencida de que estos agradecimientos son la parte más importante de la tesis (de hecho, serán las únicas páginas que se lean algunos), unas páginas que tendrían sentido, aunque finalmente no hubiera habido tesis como en tantos momentos ha estado a punto de pasar. Mi vuelta al mundo chestertoniana empezó en enero de 2013 y en el momento de escribir estas líneas estamos en enero de 2020. Son un puñado de años y de personas que los han llenado. Disculpadme si me dejo a alguien: no están todos los que son, pero sí son todos los que están. Esta gran aventura dio comienzo gracias al Prof. Jaume Veciana y a la Prof. Concepció Rovira que me dieron la oportunidad de formar parte de su grupo de investigación y además hicieron que me sintiera parte de él desde la primera entrevista. Como guías de viaje he contado con la Dra. Nora Ventosa y la Dr. Elisabet González. Nora Ventosa a lo largo de todo este tiempo ha sido mucho más que una directora de tesis excelente: no solo he contado con su supervisión y orientación profesionales durante todo el camino sino, más importante, con su calidad humana, comprensión y ánimos que han hecho que todo este esfuerzo haya desembocado en una tesis. De ella es el mérito de que yo retomara el trabajo tras un año de baja, y que, poco a poco, siguiera este “entrenamiento” hasta el final. Muchas gracias por creer en mí cuando yo no era capaz 8 de hacerlo. La Dr. Elisabet González se incorporó después como codirectora, aportando una visión enriquecedora y también mucho soporte, ánimos y amistad. Agradezco al ya extinto Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad la beca predoctoral que me concedieron, así como la ayuda económica para la realización de dos meses de estancia en el grupo del Prof. Wolfgang Parak del AG Biophotonik, en la Philipps- Universität de Marburg. Finalmente, el trabajo de esos meses no se ha incluido en esta memoria de tesis. But I want to thank him for the opportunity to learn more things of cell culture, confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. Gracias a la Dr. Neus Feliu que me orientó en todo el diseño de experimentos y la realización de los mismos. Gracias al equipo de españoles (Uri, Dani, Isa) que me hizo sentir como en casa nada más llegar. Thank you to all my friends and partners from the group, I really learned a lot from your professionality. We also enjoyed our spare time. Gracias a la Dr. Pilar Rivera por las primeras nociones en el cultivo celular y en la microscopía confocal. Gracias también a Ruixue Xu por sus imágenes de confocal del capítulo 5. Gracias al Dr. Andreu Cabot por proporcionarnos las nanopartículas metálicas para funcionalizar mis liposomas. Gracias a Paula Zamora por su simpatía y su buen hacer. Tampoco se ha recogido en esta tesis todo el trabajo de sincrotrón pero no por ello dejo de estar agradecida a la Dr. Eva Pereiro que corrigió, sugirió y orientó desde el primer momento y a la Dr. Ana J. Pérez por toda su paciencia y formación. En el proyecto NanoFabry, continuado por Lipocell y Terarmet, he conocido y colaborado con muchos grandes profesionales a los que me gustaría dar especialmente las gracias. Gracias a la Dr. Miriam Royo por acogerme en su grupo para enseñarme las bases del HPLC de la mano del siempre dispuesto Dr. Daniel Pulido. ¡Todavía os debo un pastel! Gracias al Dr. Pepe Corchero por su proteína GLA y sus Western-blot. Gracias a la Dr. Ibane Abasolo y Natalia García Aranda por toda la parte in vitro e in vivo de esta tesis. Gracias a la Dr. Johanna Scheper por su gestión. Gracias a todos vosotros por las conversaciones científicas y no tan científicas en las largas reuniones de proyecto. A lo largo de estos años he contado con el apoyo técnico de muchas personas a las que también estoy muy agradecida. Gracias al Dr. Pablo Castro y a Martí de Cabo por las 9 sesiones de cryo-TEM. Gracias Dr. Lidia Ferrer y Dr. Evelyn Moreno por las noches de sincrotrón. I would like to expand my gratitude to Prof. Jan Skov Pedersen, from Aarhus University in Denmark, for the conducted analysis of the SAXS data of liposomes, and Prof. Dganit Danino from CryoEM Laboratory of Soft Matter, Technion, in Israel for the cryo-TEM images. Gracias a la Dr. Judit Morlà por la ayuda con el ultravioleta y el DiD. Gracias a la Dr. Alba Eustaquio por su valioso conocimiento de HPLC y su ayuda en el desarrollo del método para analizar liposomas. Gracias a Ramón González por todas las medidas de HPLC, repeticiones, cambios de agenda, y por sus pacientes explicaciones. Gracias al Dr. Jordi Faraudo por las simulaciones teóricas. Gracias a todo el personal del ICMAB, incluido el administrativo dentro del cual me gustaría dar las gracias especialmente a Carme Gimeno y Pietat Sierra. En esta vuelta al mundo no he estado nunca sola: gracias muy especiales a todos los integrantes del grupo Nanomol. Cuando llegué aquí reinaban las supercríticas, que en seguida me acogieron en sus filas (gracias Ingrid, Eve, Elena, María, Eva, Elisa, Lidia, Antonio). Cuando me reincorporé al grupo después de mi baja habían llegado para quedarse los supernanoninos: gracias por hacer del grupo una pequeña familia con su punto de locura y alegría sin fin. En especial quiero dar las gracias a mi despacho 2.18: siempre ruidoso, pero también rebosante de compañerismo y ánimos a los que estábamos en la recta final. Gracias especiales también a Judit, Ramón, Guillem, Carles y David. Gracias Solène por contarme que para escribir la tesis solo tenía que superar la energía de activación, ¡tenías razón! Gracias también a Nathaly y Natascia por sus consejos, su ejemplo y por cuidarme tanto. Muchas gracias a mis primeras amigas en Barcelona, Dayana, Estela, Lourdes y después también Manel. Hicisteis que empezar de cero en una nueva ciudad fuera una aventura alucinante. En mi vida tiene mucha importancia la divulgación científica, y durante este viaje de tesis me ha mantenido a flote muchas veces (en todos los sentidos). Por eso, quiero dar las gracias a todos mis compañeros de NAUKAS: vuestras palabras de cariño, de comprensión y de ánimo cada vez que las necesitaba me han empujado a seguir en la brecha. Quiero agradecer especialmente a los jefes de NAUKAS el haber confiado en que yo era capaz de subirme a un escenario. Gracias a todos los socios de Hablando de Ciencia por mis añitos de presidencia que me han hecho aprender mucho. 10 Desgranando Ciencia fue mi primer evento de divulgación científica: gracias por hacer sentirse valorada y querida a mi alter ego Ununcuadio.
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