Deglobalization Scenarios: Who Wins? Who Loses?∗
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Transnational Corporations Investment and Development
Volume 27 • 2020 • Number 2 TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS INVESTMENT AND DEVELOPMENT Volume 27 • 2020 • Number 2 TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS INVESTMENT AND DEVELOPMENT Geneva, 2020 ii TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS Volume 27, 2020, Number 2 © 2020, United Nations All rights reserved worldwide Requests to reproduce excerpts or to photocopy should be addressed to the Copyright Clearance Center at copyright.com. All other queries on rights and licences, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to: United Nations Publications 405 East 42nd Street New York New York 10017 United States of America Email: [email protected] Website: un.org/publications The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations or its officials or Member States. The designations employed and the presentation of material on any map in this work do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. This publication has been edited externally. United Nations publication issued by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. UNCTAD/DIAE/IA/2020/2 UNITED NATIONS PUBLICATION Sales no.: ETN272 ISBN: 978-92-1-1129946 eISBN: 978-92-1-0052887 ISSN: 1014-9562 eISSN: 2076-099X Editorial Board iii EDITORIAL BOARD Editor-in-Chief James X. Zhan, UNCTAD Deputy Editors Richard Bolwijn, UNCTAD -
Offshoring Domestic Jobs
Offshoring Domestic Jobs Hartmut Egger Udo Kreickemeier Jens Wrona CESIFO WORKING PAPER NO. 4083 CATEGORY 8: TRADE POLICY JANUARY 2013 An electronic version of the paper may be downloaded • from the SSRN website: www.SSRN.com • from the RePEc website: www.RePEc.org • from the CESifo website: www.CESifoT -group.org/wp T CESifo Working Paper No. 4083 Offshoring Domestic Jobs Abstract We set up a two-country general equilibrium model, in which heterogeneous firms from one country (the source country) can offshore routine tasks to a low-wage host country. The most productive firms self-select into offshoring, and the impact on welfare in the source country can be positive or negative, depending on the share of firms engaged in offshoring. Each firm is run by an entrepreneur, and inequality between entrepreneurs and workers as well as intra- group inequality among entrepreneurs is higher with offshoring than in autarky. All results hold in a model extension with firm-level rent sharing, which results in aggregate unemployment. In this extended model, offshoring furthermore has non-monotonic effects on unemployment and intra-group inequality among workers. The paper also offers a calibration exercise to quantify the effects of offshoring. JEL-Code: F120, F160, F230. Keywords: offshoring, heterogeneous firms, income inequality. Hartmut Egger University of Bayreuth Department of Law and Economics Universitätsstr. 30 Germany – 95447 Bayreuth [email protected] Udo Kreickemeier Jens Wrona University of Tübingen University of Tübingen Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences Mohlstr. 36 Mohlstr. 36 Germany - 72074 Tübingen Germany - 72074 Tübingen [email protected] [email protected] January 8, 2013 We are grateful to Eric Bond, Jonathan Eaton, Gino Gancia, Gene Grossman, James Harrigan, Samuel Kortum, Marc Muendler, IanWooton, and to participants at the European Trade Study Group Meeting in Leuven, the Midwest International Trade Meetings in St. -
Globalization and Infectious Diseases: a Review of the Linkages
TDR/STR/SEB/ST/04.2 SPECIAL TOPICS NO.3 Globalization and infectious diseases: A review of the linkages Social, Economic and Behavioural (SEB) Research UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research & Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR) The "Special Topics in Social, Economic and Behavioural (SEB) Research" series are peer-reviewed publications commissioned by the TDR Steering Committee for Social, Economic and Behavioural Research. For further information please contact: Dr Johannes Sommerfeld Manager Steering Committee for Social, Economic and Behavioural Research (SEB) UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR) World Health Organization 20, Avenue Appia CH-1211 Geneva 27 Switzerland E-mail: [email protected] TDR/STR/SEB/ST/04.2 Globalization and infectious diseases: A review of the linkages Lance Saker,1 MSc MRCP Kelley Lee,1 MPA, MA, D.Phil. Barbara Cannito,1 MSc Anna Gilmore,2 MBBS, DTM&H, MSc, MFPHM Diarmid Campbell-Lendrum,1 D.Phil. 1 Centre on Global Change and Health London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK 2 European Centre on Health of Societies in Transition (ECOHOST) London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK TDR/STR/SEB/ST/04.2 Copyright © World Health Organization on behalf of the Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases 2004 All rights reserved. The use of content from this health information product for all non-commercial education, training and information purposes is encouraged, including translation, quotation and reproduction, in any medium, but the content must not be changed and full acknowledgement of the source must be clearly stated. -
Reflections How to Create More Inclusive Economies
Reflections How to Create More Inclusive Economies: An Interview with Dani Rodrik Fikret Adaman Dani Rodrik (1957) is a Turkish-American political economist and Ford Foundation Professor of International Political Economy at Harvard’s John F. Kennedy School of Government.1 Published widely in the areas of in- ternational economics, economic growth and development, and political economy, Rodrik is currently Co-Director of the Economics for Inclusive Prosperity Network and, among others, affiliated with International Eco- nomic Association, National Bureau of Economic Research and Center for Economic Policy Research. After graduating from Robert College in Istan- bul, he earned an AB (Summa cum Laude) from Harvard College. He then acquired an MPA in public affairs from Princeton University and a PhD in economics, with a thesis titled ‘Studies on the Welfare Theory of Trade and Exchange-rate Policy’. He has been the recipient of grants from presti- gious foundations, such as the Carnegie Corporation, Ford Foundation and Rockefeller Foundation. Among other honours, he was presented the Leon- tief Prize for Advancing the Frontiers of Economic Thought from the Global Development and Environment Institute, the inaugural Albert O. Hirschman Prize of the Social Science Research Council and the Princess of Asturias Award for Social Sciences. On 21 January 2020, Pope Francis named him a member of the Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences. His monthly columns on global affairs are published by Project Syndicate. FA: Let me start with a personal question. We know that after spending your childhood and youth in Istanbul, you came to Harvard to study engi- neering, but you changed your mind. -
Companion Guide
worldbank.org/meetings AMWeb Companion Guide 2019AMs AMWeb Companion On-Site Edition.indd 1 10/10/2019 12:39:02 PM WELCOME WELCOME to the 2019 Annual Meetings of the World Bank Group and the International Monetary Fund. This booklet is a complement to the Annual Meetings website, AMWeb, your one-stop shop for all Meetings-related information. Here is how to make the most of your week: Stay Updated. Visit the Annual Meetings website, AMWeb, on your laptop or mo- bile device to get up-to-date information, including much of what you find in this booklet. Network. AMWeb features a Participants List by category. Refer to venue maps to help navigate between meetings. AMWeb will link event sessions to maps showing their location within each building on campus. Take part in events planned throughout the week. Refer to the digital signage displays in every building for details on what’s happening each day. The World Bank Group is committed to providing access to events and support- ing participants with disabilities. Reasonable accommodations will be provided during open public events. Please contact [email protected] to request disability accommodations. In line with our organizational mission and the Sustainable Development Goals, the World Bank has implemented a campus-wide waste disposal system to improve recycling and composting efforts and reduce waste sent to landfill. We encourage you to help reduce our overall environmental footprint. Plan ahead. Security screening lines move quickly but please allow extra time for this process when plannig to attend a scheduled meeting. Continue the conversation. Follow @worldbank on our social media channels. -
The Oppressive Pressures of Globalization and Neoliberalism on Mexican Maquiladora Garment Workers
Pursuit - The Journal of Undergraduate Research at The University of Tennessee Volume 9 Issue 1 Article 7 July 2019 The Oppressive Pressures of Globalization and Neoliberalism on Mexican Maquiladora Garment Workers Jenna Demeter The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/pursuit Part of the Business Administration, Management, and Operations Commons, Business Law, Public Responsibility, and Ethics Commons, Economic History Commons, Gender and Sexuality Commons, Growth and Development Commons, Income Distribution Commons, Industrial Organization Commons, Inequality and Stratification Commons, International and Comparative Labor Relations Commons, International Economics Commons, International Relations Commons, International Trade Law Commons, Labor and Employment Law Commons, Labor Economics Commons, Latin American Studies Commons, Law and Economics Commons, Macroeconomics Commons, Political Economy Commons, Politics and Social Change Commons, Public Economics Commons, Regional Economics Commons, Rural Sociology Commons, Unions Commons, and the Work, Economy and Organizations Commons Recommended Citation Demeter, Jenna (2019) "The Oppressive Pressures of Globalization and Neoliberalism on Mexican Maquiladora Garment Workers," Pursuit - The Journal of Undergraduate Research at The University of Tennessee: Vol. 9 : Iss. 1 , Article 7. Available at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/pursuit/vol9/iss1/7 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by -
Citizen-Focused Results Orientation in Citizen- Centered Reform
Public Disclosure Authorized HANDBOOK ON PUBLIC SECTOR PERFORMANCE REVIEWS (IN SIX VOLUMES) Public Disclosure Authorized VOLUME 3: BRINGING CIVILITY IN Public Disclosure Authorized GOVERNANCE Edited by Anwar Shah Public Disclosure Authorized CONTENTS Handbook Series At A Glance Foreword Preface Acknowledgements Contributors to this Volume OVERVIEW by Anwar Shah Chapter 1: Public Expenditure Incidence Analysis by Giuseppe C. Ruggeri Introduction ..................................................................................1 General Issues ................................................................................2 The Concept of Incidence ...........................................................2 The Government Universe .........................................................5 What is Included in Government Expenditures ......................5 Disaggregation by Level of Government .................................6 The Database .............................................................................7 The Unit of Analysis ...................................................................8 Individuals, Households and Families ...................................8 Adjustment for Size ..............................................................10 Grouping by Age and by Income Levels ...............................11 The Concept of Income .............................................................12 2 Bringing Civility in Governance Annual versus Lifetime Analysis .............................................16 The Allocation -
TRADE in CRITICAL COVID-19 PRODUCTS 1 Alvaro Espitia, Nadia Rocha, Michele Ruta2 March 27, 2020
Trade and COVID-19 Guidance Note TRADE IN CRITICAL COVID-19 PRODUCTS 1 Alvaro Espitia, Nadia Rocha, Michele Ruta2 March 27, 2020 Public Disclosure Authorized The covid-19 pandemic is increasingly a concern for developing countries. Using a new database on trade in covid-19 relevant products, this paper looks at the role of trade policy to address the looming health crisis in developing countries with highest numbers of recorded cases. It shows that export restrictions by leading producers could cause significant disruption in supplies and contribute to price increases. Tariffs and other restrictions to imports further impair the flow of critical products to developing countries. While covid-19 is most virulent today in Europe and North America, many developing countries are experiencing increasing numbers of cases. The Economist warned that the pandemic could have devastating effects on developing countries. As the health crisis unfolds, some have argued that trade and trade policy can be part of the solution or part of the problem (Baldwin and Tomiura, 2020; Bown, 2020; Gonzalez, 2020; Evenett, 2020: Mattoo and Ruta, 2020; Posen, 2020). Based on a new database on covid-19 trade flows and policies (Espitia, Rocha, Ruta, 2020), we document how uncooperative trade policies can lead to shortages of critical medical supplies and higher prices in the 20 developing countries most hit by the crisis so far.3 Public Disclosure Authorized Developing countries depend on imports for critical covid-19 products The World Health Organization Covid-19 Disease Community Package (DCP) contains 17 products that are considered key to deal with the current crisis. -
New Technologies, Global Value Chains, and the Developing Economies
New Technologies, Global Value Chains, and the Developing Economies Background Paper Dani Rodrik Dani Rodrik Harvard University Background Paper 1 September 2018 The Pathways for Prosperity Commission on Technology and Inclusive Development is proud to work with a talented and diverse group of commissioners who are global leaders from government, the private sector and academia. Hosted and managed by Oxford University’s Blavatnik School of Government, the Commission collaborates with international development partners, developing country governments, private sector leaders, emerging entrepreneurs and civil society. It aims to catalyse new conversations and to encourage the co-design of country-level solutions aimed at making frontier technologies work for the benefi t of the world’s poorest and most marginalised men and women. This paper is part of a series of background papers on technological change and inclusive development, bringing together evidence, ideas and research to feed into the commission’s thinking. The views and positions expressed in this paper are those of the author and do not represent the commission. Citation: Rodrik, D. 2018. New Technologies, Global Value Chains, and the Developing Economies. Pathways for Prosperity Commission Background Paper Series; no. 1. Oxford. United Kingdom www.pathwayscommission.bsg.ox.ac.uk @P4PCommission #PathwaysCommission Cover image © donvictorio/Shutterstock.com Table of contents Table of contents 1 1. Introduction 2 2. GVCs, trade, and disappointing impacts 3 3. GVCs, skills and complementarity 6 4. Technology and shifts in comparative advantage 8 5. Can services be the new escalator? 12 6. Concluding remarks 14 7. References 16 8. Figures 18 1 1. Introduction Do new technologies present an opportunity or a threat to developing economies? For the optimists, the knowledge economy, artificial intelligence, and advances in robotics represent a historical chance for developing economies to leapfrog to a more advanced-economy status. -
Globalization: What Did We Miss?
Globalization: What Did We Miss? Paul Krugman March 2018 Concerns about possible adverse effects from globalization aren’t new. In particular, as U.S. income inequality began rising in the 1980s, many commentators were quick to link this new phenomenon to another new phenomenon: the rise of manufactured exports from a group of newly industrializing economies. Economists – trade economists, anyway – took these concerns seriously. After all, standard models of international trade do say that trade can have large effects on income distribution: the famous 1941 Stolper-Samuelson analysis of a two-good, two-factor economy showed how trading with a labor-abundant economy can reduce real wages, even if national income grows. There was every reason to believe that the same principle applied to the emergence of trade with low-wage economies exporting not raw materials but manufactured goods. And so during the 1990s a number of economists, myself included (Krugman 1995), tried to assess the role of Stolper-Samuelson-type effects in rising inequality. Inevitably given the standard framework, such analyses did in fact find some depressing effect of growing trade on the wages of less-educated workers in advanced countries. As a quantitative matter, however, they generally suggested that the effect was relatively modest, and not the central factor in the widening income gap. Meanwhile, the political salience of globalization seemed to decline as other issues came to the fore. So academic interest in the possible adverse effects of trade, while it never went away, waned. 1 In the past few years, however, worries about globalization have shot back to the top of the agenda, partly due to new research, partly due to the political shocks of Brexit and Trump. -
[Halshs-00565224, V1] the Missing Wealth of Nations: Evidence from Switzerland, 1914-2010
WORKING PAPER N° 2011 - 07 The missing wealth of nations: Evidence from Switzerland, 1914-2010 Gabriel Zucman halshs-00565224, version 1 - 11 Feb 2011 JEL Codes: D31, F32, H26, H87, N24 Keywords: tax havens, external assets, wealth distribution, tax evasion. PARIS-JOURDAN SCIENCES ECONOMIQUES 48, BD JOURDAN – E.N.S. – 75014 PARIS TÉL. : 33(0) 1 43 13 63 00 – FAX : 33 (0) 1 43 13 63 10 www.pse.ens.fr CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE – ECOLE DES HAUTES ETUDES EN SCIENCES SOCIALES ÉCOLE DES PONTS PARISTECH – ECOLE NORMALE SUPÉRIEURE – INSTITUT NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE AGRONOMIQUE The Missing Wealth of Nations: Evidence From Switzerland, 1914-2010 Gabriel Zucman PhD. Candidate, Paris School of Economics∗ First Draft: February 7th, 2011 Abstract This paper draws on direct evidence from Swiss banks and on systematic in- consistencies in international accounts across countries to document the level of unrecorded wealth in tax havens, its nature and its evolution. I find that 8% of global household net financial wealth is held in tax havens, of which one third in Switzerland. The bulk of offshore assets are invested in equities, in particular mutual fund shares. For this reason, 20% of all cross-border equities have no iden- tifiable owner in international statistics across the world. Taking into account tax havens alters dramatically the picture of global imbalances: with minimal assump- tions, it is possible to turn the world’s second largest debtor, the eurozone, into a net creditor. With stronger assumptions, the largest debtor, the U.S., can be made a balanced economy. Europeans are richer than we think, because a significant part of their wealth has historically been held where domestic national accountants and tax authorities cannot see it. -
Choosing Fair Trade to End Human Trafficking
Choosing Fair Trade to End Human Trafficking “Fair Trade is a trading partnership based on dialogue, transparency, and respect that seeks greater equity in international trade. It contributes to sustainable development by offering better trading conditions to, and securing the rights of, marginalized producers and workers.” - World Fair Trade Organization What is Fair Trade? People who are impoverished are especially vulnerable to exploitation by traffickers. Fair Trade workers are paid a living wage so that their children don’t have to work to support their family and can attend school instead. Profits from Fair Trade ventures are reinvested into the community with Fair Trade Funds that address social, economic, and environmental challenges in each community. Through a democratic system, each Fair Trade community determines how their funds will be used. Funds can be reinvested into their business, directed to empowering women, supporting education, protecting the environment, fighting poverty and providing health care. In addition, Fair Trade certification guarantees that no child or forced labor was used in the production of goods. If you’d like to learn more about the impact of Fair Trade, please visit http://fairtradeusa.org/resources/impact-reports to read impact reports. Products that use Child Labor For a full report on the worst offenders in regards to forced and child labor, please see: http://www.dol.gov/ilab/reports/child- labor/findings/ Demanding Ethically Sourced Products Fair Trade does not necessarily create better working conditions for people caught up in forced labor, since those conditions do not meet Fair Trade standards. However, as more people begin to buy Fair Trade, the demand for ethically sourced products increases.