El 037 VOL. 2

Public Disclosure Authorized Environmental Impact Report for

Liuzhou Environment Management Project

Wastewater Treatment Component Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized

Sino-Japan Friendship Environmental Protection Centre Of SEPA

December, 2004 Public Disclosure Authorized Liuzhou Environment Management Project - Wastewater Treatment Component

Contents

CONTENTS...... 1

1. GENERAL ...... 3

1.1 PURPOSES OF ASSESSMENT ...... 3 1.2 REFERENCES ...... 3 1.3 CATEGORY AND KEY POINT OF ASSESSMENT...... 6 1.4 SCOPE OF ASSESSMENT ...... 7 1.5 OBJECTS TO BE PROTECTED ...... 7 1.6 STANDARDS FOR ASSESSMENT ...... 8 1.7 PRINCIPLE AND METHOD OF ASSESSMENT ...... 14 1.8 PROCEDURES ...... 15

2.ENVIRONMENTAL FEATURES AND PLANNING ...... 17

2.1 NATURAL ENVIRONMENTAL FEATURES ...... 17 2.2 SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTAL FEATURES ...... 23 2.3 LIUZHOU URBAN MASTER PLANING AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION PLANNING ...... 24

3. INVESTIGATION AND ASSESSMENT OF THE CURRENT ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY. 33

3.1 CURRENT ENVIRONMENTAL SITUATION OF LIUZHOU CIYC ...... 33 3.2 EXISTING WATER POLLUTION SOURCES ...... 34 3.3 SURFACE WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT ...... 45 3.4 CURRENT AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT...... 49 3.5 SOUND QUALITY ASSESSMENT ...... 52 3.6 MONITORING OF RIVERBED AND WWTP SLUDGE ...... 54

4. PROJECT ANALYSIS ...... 58

4.1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION ...... 58 4.2 CONSTRUCTION PLAN ...... 62 4.3 POLLUTION ANALYSIS ...... 70

5. ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ANALYSIS FOR CONSTRUCTION STAGE ...... 78

5.1 AIR ENVIRONMENT IMPACTANALYSIS ...... 78 5.2 SOUND ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ANALYSIS...... 79 5.3 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF SOLID WASTE ...... 81 5.4 WATER ENVIRONMENT IMPACTANALYSIS ...... 82 5.5 ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ANALYSIS ...... 83 5.6 SOIL EROSION ANALYSIS ...... 84 5.7 IMPACTON TRAFFIC ...... 85 5.8 HEALTH AND SAFETY ...... 86 6. REGIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT PREDICATION AND ASSESSMENT ...... 87

6.1 WATER ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT PREDICATION AND ASSESSMENT ...... 87

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection I Liuzhou Environment Management Project - Wastewater Treatment Component

6.2 BIOLOGICAL AND LANDSCAPE IMPACT ASSESSMENT ...... 94 6.3 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF SOLID WASTES ...... 96

7. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT PREDICTION AND ASSESSMENT FOR INDIVIDUAL COMPONENTS ...... 102

7.1 BAISHA WASTEWATERTREATMENT PLANT ...... 102 7.2 EXPANSION OF LONGQUANSHAN WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT ...... 108 7.3 YANGHE WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT ...... 111 7.4 LABAO WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT ...... 114 7.5 ENVIRONMENT IMPACT OF PUMPING STATION...... 117

8. ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION MEASURES ...... 119

8.1 ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION MEASURES DURING CONSTRUCTION STAGE ...... 119 8.2 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION MEASURES DURING OPERATION PERIOD ...... 123 8.3 LIUZHOU ACTION PLAN FOR INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION CONTROL ...... 125

9. RESIDENTS RESETTLEMENT AND SOCIAL IMPACT ...... 129

9.1 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF RESIDENTS RESETTLEMENT ...... 129 9.2 SOCIAL IMPACT ANALYSIS...... 130

10. ENVIRONMENT RISK ANALYSIS ...... 133

10.1 POTENTIAL ACCIDENT RISK ...... 133 10.2 ENVIRONMENT ACCIDENT IMPACT ...... 133 10.3 COUNTERMEASURES AGAINST ACCIDENT ...... 135

11.COMPARISON BETWEEN DIFFERENT OPTIONS ...... 137

11.1 ANALYSIS OF PROJECT ZERO ...... 137 11.2 COMPARISON OF OPTIONS OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT ...... 138 11.3 SITE SELECTION AND WWTP LAYOUT...... 141

12. BENEFIT AND COST ANALYSIS ...... 148

12.1 ENVIRONMENTALAND SOCIAL BENEFITS OFZHUEXI CREEK REHABILITATION ...... 148 12.2 WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS...... 150 12.3 COST-BENIFICT ANALYSIS FOR CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION ...... 153 12.4 MEASURES TO GUARANTEE BENEFITS ...... 153

13. POLLUTANT QUANTITY CONTROLAND CLEAN PRODUCTION ...... 155

13.1 POLLUTANT QUANTITY CONTROL ...... 155 13.2 CLEAN PRODUCTION ...... 156

14. PUBLIC CONSULTATION ...... 159

14.1 PURPOSE OF PUBLIC CONSULTATION ...... 159 14.2 DESCRIPTION OF PUBLIC CONSULTATION...... 159 14.3 FIRST PUBLIC CONSULTATION ...... 161 14.4 THE SECOND PUBLIC CONSULTATION...... 163 14.5 INFORMATION PUBLICATION ...... 166

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14.6 CONCLUSIONS ...... 167

15. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN ...... 168

15.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ...... 168 15.2ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 170 15.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MONrIORING PLAN ...... 175 15.4 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLANS ...... 178

16. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTION ...... 182

16.1 CONCLUSION ...... 182 16.2 C ONCLUSIONOF SEPARATE ASSESSMENT...... 183

17. APPENDIX ...... 187

FIGURES Figure 1 Location of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Figure 2-1-1 Liujiang Catchment and Location of Honghua hydo dam Figure 2-2-1 Liuzhou Districts Administration Figure 2-3-1 Urban Planning Land Use of Liuzhou City Figure 2-3-2 Liuzhou River Zoning Figure 2-3-3 Layout of Water Plant Figure 2-3-4 Construction Planning of Urban Waterplants Figure 2-3-5 Major polluatants outfalls in Liuzhou city Figure 3-3-1 Layout of surface Water monitoring points Figure 3-1-1 Actual map of land utilization Figure 3-1-2 Vegetation distributing graph Figure 3-4-1(1) Layout of atmospheric and sediment monitoring points of Zhuexi Creek Figure 3-4-1(2) Layout of atmospheric and sediment monitoring points of Zhuexi Creek Figure 3-4-2 Plan layout and monitoring points layout of baisha WwTP Figure 3-4-3 Plan layout and monitoring points layout of longquanshan WwTP Figure 3-4-4 Plan layout and monitoring points layout of Yanghe WwTP Figure 3-4-5 Plan layout and monitoring points layout of Labao WwTP Figure 4-1-1 General layout of liuzhou Envioronment Management Project-Wastewater Treatment Component Figure 4-2-1 Process of wastewater and sludge treatment in Baisha WwTP Figure 4-2-2 Process of wastewater and sludge treatment in Longquanshan WwTP Figure 4-2-3 Process of wastewater and sludge treatment in Yanghe WwTP Figure 4-2-4 Process of wastewater and sludge treatment in Labao WwTP Figure 6-3-1 Location of Lichonggou Landfill Figure 6-3-2 Environment around Lichonggou Landfill Figure 7-5-1 Environment around Pumping Stations Figure 12-1-1 Zhuexi longshore sight after the projects Figure 14-5-1 The announcement content(newspaper) Figure 14-5-2 The announcement content(website) Environment around Zhexi creek Environment around Labao WwTP

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Environment around Yanghe WwTP Environment around Baisha WwTP Environment around Longquanshan WwTP

TABLES

Table 1-2-1 Reference for the proposed project Table 1-4-1 Scope of Assessment for proposed Project Table 1-5-1 Objects to be Protected (Zhuexi Creeek rehabilitation Project) Table 1-5-2 Objects to be protected (wastewater treatment plants) Table 1-6-1 Environmental Quality Standard of surface water Unit: mg/L (except pH) Table 1-6-2 Atmospheric Pollutants Concentration Limit (mg/m3) Table 1-6-3 Noise environmental quality standards for area where the project is located Table 1-6-4 Allowable Discharge Concentration of Major Items (daily average value) Table 1-6-5 Limit of Odor Pollutants at Boundary of Plants Table 1-6-6 Noise Limits for Construction Site Table 1-6-7 Pollutant Limit in Sludge for Agricultural Use Table 1-6-8 Leachate toxicity standard Table 2-1-1 Climatic Conditions of Liuzhou City Table 2-1-2 Hydrological data of Liujiang River Table 2-1-3 Runoff of Zhuexi Creek Table 2-1-4 Related Sectional Water Level data for Flood Control Concerning this Project Table 2-3-1 urbanization and Urban Population Prediction Table 2-3-2 Current Situations and Population Prediction (2000-2020) Table 2-3-3 Current water plants Table 2-3-4 Summary of current self-provided water plants Table3-2-1 Effluents of Major Industrial Enterprises within Service Area of Baisha Wastewater Treatment Plant Table3-2-2 Wastewater discharged from Major Drainage Ditches within Service Area Table3-2-3 Monitoring results of the pollutant concentration of drainage ditches along Jiuqu Stream Table3-2-4 Monitoring results of the pollutant discharge mount of drainage ditches along Jiuqu Stream (maximum) Table3-2-5 Monitoring results of the pollutant discharge mount of drainage ditches along Jiuqu Stream (average) Table3-2-6 Effluents of Major Industrial and Mining Enterprises within Service Area of Labao WwTP Table3-2-7 Monitoring results of effluent outlets in Zhuexi Catchment (Unit: Kg/d, Q: m3/h) Table3-2-8 Monitoring results of water quality of Zhuexi creek unit: mg/L Table3-3-1 monitoring results of water quality of Liujiang river Table3-3-2 monitoring results of water quality of Zhuexi creek and Jiuqu river Table3-3-3 Current water environment assessment results for water quality in the Liujiang river( pollutant index) Table3-3-4 Current water environment assessment results for water quality in Zhuexi creek and Jiuqu river (pollutant index)

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Table3-4-1 weather data for air quality monitoring Table3-4-2 monitoring results of air quality Table3-4-3 Monitoring results of air quality Table3-4-4 Assessment results of current air quality (pollutant Pi value) Table3-5-1 monitoring results for the noise of Longquanshan Wastewater Treatment Plant Table3-5-2 monitoring results for the noise of Baisha Wastewater Treatment Plant Table3-5-3 monitoring results for the noise of Yanghe Wastewater Treatment Plant Table3-5-4 monitoring results for the noise of Labao Wastewater Treatment Plant Table3-6-1 Monitoring point at Zhuexi creek Table3-6-2 analysis method for sediment monitoring Table3-6-3 sediment monitoring result of Zhuexi creek * Table3-6-4 monitoring results for sediment in Jiuqu river Table3-6-5 monitoring results of pollutants in sludge unit: mg/kg Table3-6-6 analysis method of pollutant concentration for the leach solution of sediment Table3-6-7 Monitoring results of heavy metal content in sludge leachate unit: mg/l Table4-1-1 Detail of wastewater treatment component Table4-1-1(continued) Detail of wastewater treatment component Table4-1-2 Construction plan Table4-1-3 Personnel for construction Table4-1-4 major technical and economic data Table4-2-1 the designed water quality of effluent and influent for Baisha Wastewater Treatment Plant * unit: mg/l, except pH Table4-2-2 water quality of influent and effluent for Longquanshan Wastewater Treatment Plant * unit: mg/I, except pH Table4-2-3 the designed water quality of effluent and influent for Yanghe Wastewater Treatment Plant * unit: mg/I, except pH Table4-2-4 the designed water quality of effluent and influent for Labao Wastewater Treatment Plant * unit: mg/I, except pH Table4-3-1 Land acquisition and house demolition Table4-3-2 type of land that is affected Table4-3-3 Benefit of Wastewater Treatment Component Table4-3-4 pollutant discharged into surface water and reduction amount (according to design) Table4-3-5 effluent discharge (according to design) Table4-3-6 water pollutant discharge Table4-3-7 analogy analysis of odor source intensity Table4-3-8 noise analogy analysis of wastewater treatment plant Table5-1-1 Classification of odor intensity Table5-1-2. Odor intensity from Mudanjiang Nanpaozi dredging project (dry dredging) Table5-2-1 noise level of major high noise equipments Table5-2-2 noise attenuation of construction equipment Table5-4-1 domestic wastewater generated during construction stage Table5-6-1 Experimental parameters for soil erosion in different region of china Table5-6-2 Soil erosion estimation Table5-6-3 Earthwork quantity estimation

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Table5-7-1 Traffic impacts and solution Table6-3-1 The output of solid waste during WWTP operation Table7-1-1 The statistical result of frequency of wind directions. Table7-1-2 The prediction of hourly concentration of downwind H2S at average wind speed with various stabilities. (mg/Nm3) Table7-1-3 The prediction of hourly concentration of downwind NH3 at average wind speed with various stabilities. (mg/Nm3) Table7-1-4 the calculation result of protection distance for Wastewater Treatment Plant Table7-1-5 Noise prediction result at Baisha Wastewater Treatment Plant Table7-2-1 The prediction of hourly concentration of downwind H2S at average wind speed with different stabilities (mg/Nm3) Table7-2-2 The prediction of hourly concentration of downwind NH3 at average wind speed with different stabilities. (mg/Nm3) Table7-2-3 Calculation result of protection distance for Wastewater Treatment Plant Table7-2-4 Noise prediction result at Longquanshan Wastewater Treatment Plant Table7-3-1 The prediction of hourly concentration of downwind H2S at average wind speed with different stabilities. (mg/Nm3) Table7-3-2 The prediction of hourly concentration of downwind NH3 at average wind speed with different stabilities. (mg/Nm3) Table7-3-3 Calculation result of protection distance for Wastewater Treatment Plant Table7-3-4 Noise prediction result at Yanghe Wastewater Treatment Plant Table7-4-1 The prediction of hourly concentration of downwind H2S at average wind speed with different stabilities. (mg/Nm3) Table7-3-2 The prediction of hourly concentration of downwind NH3 at average wind speed with different stabilities. (mg/Nm3) Table7-4-3 Calculation result of protection distance for Wastewater Treatment Plant Table7-4-4 Noise prediction result at Labao Wastewater Treatment Plant Table8-3-1 Heavy metal pollutants discharged by the key enterprises in Liuzhou urban area in 2003 Table8-3-2 Action plan for the industrial pollution control in Liuzhou Table8-3-3 Plan of on-line monitoring Table9-1-1 Compensation for land acquisition and resettlement Tablel 1-1-1 Comparison of the two options Tablel 1-2-1 Wastewater treatment capacity in each catchment (2000-2020 ) (m3/d) Tablel 1-2-2 Wastewater Treatment Plant configuration (ten thousand m3/d) Tablel 1-2-3 Comparison of investment and operation cost in short term (Unit: yuan) Tablel 1-2-4 Comparison of advantages and shortcomings Tablel 1-3-1 Comparison of different wastewater treatment technique Tablel 1-3-2 Comparison of wastewater treatment technique Tablel 1-3-3 Comparison of different wastewater treatment technique Tablel2-2-1 Environmental and social benefits of wastewater treatment plantsltems Environmental and social benefits Tablel2-2-2 Environmental and social benefits of wastewater treatment plant Tablel2-3-1 Construction and operating cost of each component (2010)

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Tablel3-1-1 The control limit of Wastewater and pollutants in Liuzhou during the "Tenth Five-Year Plan" Tablel3-2-1 Power consumption of wastewater treatment plants Tablel4-2-1 Public consultation Tablel4-2-2 Information publication Tablel4-3-1 The questionnaire of first stage Tablel4-3-2 Basic information on the investigated population Tablel4-4-1 The questionnaire of public consultation Tablel4-4-2 Basic information about the investigated population Tablel5-1-1 Structure of environmental management office for construction stage Tablel5-1-1 Monitoring equipment for Wastewater Treatment Plant Tablel5-2-1 Environmental protection training Tablel5-3-1 Environmental supervisoin plans Tablel5-4-1 Environmental monitoring plan Tablel5-4-1(continued) Environmental monitoring plan Tablel5-4-2 Monitoring cost estimate unit: ten thousand yuan

TERMS

EA Environment Assessment EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMP Environmental Management Plan EPB Environmental Protection Bureau LZEMP Liuzhou Environment Management Project PMO Project Management Office PRC the People Republic of China SEPA State Environmental Protection Administration of China SJC Sino-Japan Friendship Centre for Environmental Protection

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Foreword

Liuzhou city is located in the center of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and beside middle reaches of Liujiang River, at 1080 50' 4109' 44' east longitude and 230 54' - 240 50' north latitude. See figure 1 and figure 2. Liuzhou is one of the largest cities in Guangxi and is a major industrial city and a communication hub in Guangxi.

In the past twenty years, Liuzhou has been experiencing rapid industrial and urban development. But, the urban environment is facing severe challenge. The most significant problems are acid rain and water pollution. In 2001, the industrial and domestic wastewater discharged by the city was about 800,000 m3/d. However, up to now only one Wastewater Treatment Plant is in operation whose capacity is 100,000 m3 /d. Only 12.5% of urban wastewater is treated, far below the average level of the nation, which is 42.12% (data from Statistics Communique on Urban Construction of China in 2003, issued by the Ministry of Construction.). Since construction of wastewater treatment facilities is far behind the city's development, large quantity of wastewater was discharged into Liujiang River through drains and channels without any treatment. Consequently, water quality of Liujiang River (reach in Liuzhou city) has been deteriorated greatly. Furthermore, some municipal water plants now can hardly draw water from the original water intakes. They have to abandon these intakes and set up intakes on further upstream of the river (Liujiang river). The wastewater discharge problem has greatly degraded the citizens' living condition and held back the economic development. At the same time, the lower reach of Liujiang River is greatly polluted. Water pollution has now become one of the most significant environmental problems in Liuzhou city.

Liuzhou Municipal Government attaches great importance to the water pollution of Liujiang River (reach in Liuzhou city) and urban water supply security. Liuzhou Urban Master Plan states, "Being a city near the river, Liuzhou Municipality should pay much more attention to the improvement and protection of water environment; improve the wastewater treatment system, and change the current situation that wastewater is discharged into the river directly. By 2010, the city's environment pollution and ecological deterioration shall be virtually under control. And up to 2020, the city's environment quality should be improved greatly and reach an appropriate ecological balance". Thereby, to implement Liuzhou Environment Management Project- Wastewater Treatment Component (hereinafter called Wastewater Component) is one of the key measures to reach the target of water pollution control in Liuzhou Urban Master Plan.

Liuzhou Environment Management Project - The Wastewater Component includes Zhuexi Rehabilitation Project, Baisha WasteWater Treatment Project, Longquanshan WasteWater Treatment Project, Yanghe WasteWater Treatment Project and Labao WasteWater Treatment Project. The Wastewater Component is an important component under Liuzhou Environment Management Project. Liuzhou City Investment Construction Development Co. Ltd. (hereinafter called ICDC) has entrustsed Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environment Protection to perform the environment impact assessment on the Wastewater Component on basis of "Environment Protection Law of the People's Republic of China", "Environment Impact Assessment Law of the People's Republic of China". "Environment Protection Management Regulations of Construction Projects", "Notification on

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection I Liuzhou Environment Management Project - Wastewater Treatment Component

Enhancing the management of Environment Impact Assessment of Projects financed by International Monetary Organizations", and relevant provisions in OP 4.01.

According to the characteristics and nature of the Project, the assessment should meet the requirement of the World Bank for starting a new project, and comply with national environment impact assessment procedure and requirement. The enviroment assessment team prepared the Environment Impact Assessment report based on detailed project analysis, field survey, great deal of social, economic and environment information, environmental monitoring data, the Environment Impact Assessment Guildline and the WB pre-appraisal result. Now we submit the Report to the World Bank for appraisal and to the environmental protection authority for examination.

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1. General

1.1 Purposes of assessment

The following are purposes of the environment impact assessment: (1) With information analysis, field survey, monitoring, modeling and analogical analysis, we made an overall assessment on environment, identifying the main existing problems. The assessment can help predict and assess the environmental impact of the project, and serve as the reference for the future examination when the project is completed. (2) With field survey and analogical analysis, we identified the environmental impact factors during the project construction and operation phases, and determined the parameters of major pollution sources. (3) With technical measures such as modeling and analogical study, we predicted and assessed the project's impact on ambient air, water, soil, ecological system, sound environment and social environment. (4) Based on the requirements of relevant laws and regulations, technical specifications, local natural and social environmental features, we proposed the protective measures for alleviating the environmental impact. (5) With the assessment of the Project, we provided information for the construction, operation, environment management and pollution control of the wastewater component; minimizing the negative impact of the project on ambient environment, maximizing the social-enviromental benefits. (6) The EIA deals with the water environment improvement in urban reach of Liujiang River, as well as the local water environment impact of effluent from wastewater treatment plants. We forcasted the environment impact under current hydrological condition as well as the future condition after the Honghua Hydro Dam is completed. The EIA is a comprehensive one involving not only the impact of this project, but also the impact of other existing and proposed projects.

1.2 References

References are shown in table 1-2-1.

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Table 1-2-1 Reference for the proposed project

No. I Reference National Environmental Protection Laws and Regulations I Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China 12 26,1989. 2 Atmosphere Pollution Prevention and Treatment Law of the People's Republic of China, 4 29,2000. 3 Water Pollution Prevention and Treatment Law of the People's Republic of China, 5 15,1996. 4 Noise Pollution Prevention and Treatment Law of the People's Republic of China,.3 1,1997 5 Solid Waste Pollution Prevention and Treatment Law of the People's Republic of China, 10 30,1995. 6 Water Law of the People's Republic of China, 1 21,1988. 7 Water and Soil Conservation Law of the People's Republic of China, .6 29, 1991 8 Environmental Impact Assessment Law of the People's Republic of China, 10 28, 2002. 9 Basic Farmland Protection Regulation, the State Council No. 257 statute 12 27, 1998. 10 Environmental Protection Management Regulation for the Construction Project, the State Council [1998] No. 253 statute 11 Pollution Prevention and Control provision for Drinking Water Sources Protection Area, .7 10, 1989 12 Comments on Environment Protection Adiminstration of Construction Projects, 3 21, 1988. 13 Notification on Strengthening Management of Environmental Impact Assessment of Construction Projects Financed by International Financial Organization, Enviroment Monitoring [1993] No. 324 statute 14 Comments on Enhancing Industrial Water-Saving, No. [2000] 1015 Resources of the State Economic & Trade Commission 15 Environmental Protection Categorization Management Under Construction Project,. 10 13, 2002 16 Implementing Rules of Water Pollution Prevention and Treatment Law of the People's Republic of China, .6, 2000 17 Environment Protection Design Standards for Construction Projects, 3, 1987 18 Protection and Supervision Managemtn on Wastewater Treatment Facilities, .3, 1986 19 Notification of the State Council on Enhancing Urban Water Supply & Water-Saving and Water Pollution Prevention & Control, Document No. 36, 2000 20 Construction Standards of Urban Waste Water Treatment Projects (Revision), 2001 Relevantprovisions of the World Bank I ((The World Bank OPIBP4.01 and its appendix (environmental assessment))), 1, 1999 2 ((The World Bank OP/(environmental assessment))), 1, 1999 3 ((The World Bank GP4.01 (environmental assessment))), 1, 1999

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4 ((Data Collection of the World Bank on Environment Impact Assessment ( Volume 1-3 )) (inin revision) 5 ((The World Bank OP4.11 (antiques))). 8, 1999 6 ((The World Bank OP/BP4.04 (natural habitat))), 9, 1995 7 ((The World Bank OP/BP4.12 (involuntary immigration))), 6, 1990 8 ((The World Bank GP4.07 (water resources management))), .12, 2000 9 ((The World Bank GP14.70 (participation of NGO in aiding programs of the World Bank))) Specification of Technical Guidelines I HJ/T2.1-93 ((Technical Guidelines of Environmental Impact Assessment - General Program)) 2 HJT2.2-93 ((Technical Guidelines of Environmental Impact Assessment - Atmospheric Environment)) 3 HJ/T2.3-93 ((Technical Guidelines of Environmental Impact Assessment - Surface Water Environment)) 4 HJ/T2.4-1995 ((Technical Guidelines of Environmental Impact Assessment - noise Environment)) 5 HJ/T 19-1997 ((Technical Guidelines of Environmental Impact Assessment - Non-Pollutive Ecological impact)) 6 GB/T16453.1-6-96 ((Technical Specifications of Comprehensive Control on Water and Soil Conservation)) Power of attorney Power of Attorney for compiling EA for Liuzhou Environment Management Project- Waste Water Treatment Component, Liuzhou City Investment and Construction Development Co Ltd.

Technical Documentation 1 (Project Proposal of Liuzhou Enviroment Management Project)), Southcentral China Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute 2 (Approval of Liuzhou Municipal Government on the Proposal of Water Environment Zoning in Liuzhou City)) (Liuzhou municipal office No. [ 1998142) 3 (Liuzhou Urban Master Plan (ooutline))) (2001-2020) 4 (Drainage Master Plan of Liuzhou)) (2000-2015) 5 (Master Plan for Land Utilization of Liuzhou City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region)) (1997-2010) 6 (Feasibility Study Report on Liuzhou Environment Management Project- Waste Water Treatment Component) Southcentral China Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute 7 (Liuzhou Drainage General Survey Data)), Liuzhou Municipal Maintenance Management division 8 (Environment Impact Assessment Report on Liuzhou Baisha Wastewater Treatment Plant Project)), China Environmental Science Research Institute, 3, 2000 9 Approval of the State Environmental Protection Administration on ((Environment Impact Assessment Report on Liuzhou Baisha Wastewater Treatment Plant Project)) 10 The tenth five-year Environmental Protection plan of Liuzhou City on (2001-2005)

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1.3 Category and key point of assessment

1.3.1 Category of assessment

According to WB requirements, with environmental screening for environment impact factors, the project is classified as category A.

The classifiction is based on the Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment (HJ/T2.1-2.3-93, HJ/T2.4-1995, HJ/T19-1997). ( 1 ) Water environment The impact on water environment of this project mainly occurs during the operation period when effluents discharge from Wastewater Treatment Plants whose discharge is about 20,000 t/d. The pollutant type number are >3. But less than 10 water quality parameters need to be prodicted. The wastewater is discharged into Liujiang River. Since Liujiang River is a major river, the water quality of Class III is required. In addition, the Honghua Hydro Dam will be built in lower reach of Liujiang River. Therefore, the environmental assessment on surface water in operation period is classified as Category I.

(2) Sound environment The impact on sound environment is mainly from the noise from construction machineries during the construction period, and noise from equipments during the operation period. This noise during consrtruction is short-term. Since the plants are far from the densely populated residencial area, the sound environment assessment is classified as Category III.

(3) Air environment The impact on ambient air of this project is mainly the dust pollution during construction period and the odor pollution during operation period. The pollution source are scattered sources with small amount of discharge, thus the ambient air assessment is classified as Category III.

(4) Ecological environment On the basis of ecological system analysis, distribution of plants species, distribution of biogeocenose and the land utilization, there is no rare animal species. Moreover, this project is for pollution control. According to the assessment requirements in Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment - non-pollutive Ecological Impact, the ecological environment assessment is classified as Category III.

1.3.2 Key point of assessment

The implementation of this Project will be divided into construction period and operation period. The key points of assessment during the construction period are: * riverbed sediment Impact on the ecological environment; * measures for pollution control during construction;

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection 6 Liuzhou Environment Management Project - Wastewater Treatment Component

Key points of assessment during the operation period are: * The project will improve the water quality in urban reach of Liujiang River but the effluent will pose impact on Liujiang River. The impact is a combined one. The assessment includes: a. Comprehensive impact on the water quality after the completion of the project; b. Impact of each componont on the water quality of Liujiang River during operation period. i impact of WWTP sludge disposal and measures for mitigating the impact.

1.4 Scope of assessment

The scopes of assessment on water, air, sound and ecological environment of this Project are shown in table 1-4-1.

Table 1-4-1 Scope of Assessment for proposed Project Project Scope of assessment water Liujiang 65km long reach. From 0.5 km upstream of the outlet of the Timber Mill to 10 km downstream environment River of the outlet of Yanghe WWTP (about 0.5km upstream of the Honghua Hydro Dam) Zhuexi South branch: from the railway culvert at Kuang-Jian automobile center to the convergence of creek south and north branches; North branch: from Liutie CPC School to the convergence of south and north branches; From the convergence of south and north branches to Zhuexi wastewater pumping station; The river reach is 10.8km long. Jiuqu River reach is totally 3.5 km long from 0.5km upstream of the outlet of Labao WWTP to 3 km River downstream of it Air environment Within 3-4km from boundary of each plant Sound environment Within 200 m from boundary of each plant Ecological environment Same as scope of water environment assessment Dredging Within 50 m from two banks of Zhuexi creek

1.5 Objects to be Protected

According to field survey, there are no important objects, such as historic site and rare plants and animals around the proposed project area. The main objects to be protected in the assessment area are as follows:

1.5.1 Water Environment Objects to be Protected

(1) Liujiang River From 0.2km downstream of Liudong Water plant to upper reach, the water quality should comply with Class II in GB3838-2002 Environmental Quality Standard of Surface Water; From 0.2km downstream of of Liudong Water plant to lower reach, the water quality should comply with Class III in GB3838-2002 Environmental Quality Standard of Surface Water.

(2) Zhuexi creek

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Zhuexi Creek's water quality should comply with Class III in GB3838-2002 Environmental Quality Standard of Surface Water.

(3) Jiuqu River Jiuqu River' water quality should comply with Class III in GB3838-2002 Environmental Quality Standard of Surface Water;

(4)Drinking water sources Liudong Water Plant and Liunan Water Plant both are located downstream of the convergence of Zhuexi and Liujiang River. The water source quality should comply with CJ3020-93 Water Quality Standard on Drinking Water.

1.5.2 Ecological Environment Objects to be Protected

(1) Water ecological environment Water ecological environment around the outlet of all Wastewater Treatment Plants. (2) Land ecological environment Mainly farmland, forests, grassland inside the construction area of the Project.

1.5.3 Air and Sound Environment Objects to be Protected

Major objects to be protected include residential area, enterprises and public institutions within or around the proposed Project area. Adverse impact should be eliminated or minimized to acceptable level. The Main environmental sensitive site are shown in table 1-5-1 and table 1-5-2.

1.6 Standards for Assessment

1.6.1 Standards of Environment Quality

(1) Water Environment From 0.2km downstream of Liudong Water plant to upper reach, the water quality should comply with Class II in GB3838-2002 Environmental Quality Standard of Surface Water; From 0.2km downstream of of Liudong Water plant to lower reach, the water quality should comply with Class III in GB3838-2002 Environmental Quality Standard of Surface Water. Please see 1-6-1.

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I Liuzhou Environment Management Project - Wastewater Treatment Component

Table 1-5-1 Objects to be Protected (Zhuexi Creeek rehabilitation Project)

Project No. Objects to be protected Population Distance from Are windows Impact factors Remarks Zhuexi (m) towards river 1 Longdunlu Middle School 1043 25 Yes Noise, dust and odor culvert 2 Dormitory of Liutie branch of 225 10 No Noise, dust and odor Construction Bank 3 Dormitory of armed police 50 34 Yes Noise, dust and odor 4 Apartment for old at Xi-Huan 50 34 Yes Noise, dust and odor 5 Dormitory of Liuzhou Plastics 242 38 Yes Noise, dust and odor North branch Factory of Zhuexi 6 Xihuanxiaoyuan residential area 1230 133 families Noise, dust River diversion creek 7 Dormiitory of Bus Company 144 17 Yes Noise, dust 8 Residential area at Mo-Tan road 810 15 21 families Noise, dust 9 Mo-Tan No. 3 Team 92 25 Yes Noise, dust 10 Beibeixing Kindergartens 68 10 No Noise, dust 11 No 4 zone at Hongqiao Road 396 10 No Noise, dust 12 No. I Railway primary School 1100 25 No Noise, dust 13 No. 1 zone at Shangyou Road 2672 Very close 402 families Noise, dust and odor Open chanal Subtotal 8122

Sino-Japan Friendship center for Environmental Protection 9 Liuzhou Environment Management Project - Wastewater Treatment Component

Table 1-5-1(continued) Objects to be Protected (Zhuexi Creeek rehabilitation Project)

Project No. Objects to be protected Population Distance from Are windows Impact factors Remarks Zhuexi (im) towards river I Dormitory 48 25 14 families Noise, dust and odor Open chanal 2 Liuyonglu Middle School 900 10 Yes Noise, dust and odor 3 Dormitory of Guangxi Mine 406 27 Yes Noise, dust and odor Construction Company 4 Liangshui Village 270 10 Yes Noise, dust and odor 5 Shanty town 110 Very close Yes Noise, dust and odor Open chanal Temporary residence 6 Zhue Village 170 Very close Yes Noise, dust and odor 7 Kanghua residential area 260 Closely adjacent 24 families Noise, dust and odor South 8 Dormitory of the Blades Factory 70 20 Yes Noise, dust and odor tributary of 9 East No.4 Zone of Yongqian 850 11 No Noise, dust and odor Zhuexi 10 Liutie staff training school 22 Yes Noise, dust and odor creek 11 Miaopu residential area 2000 10 No Noise, dust and odor 12 No. I zone of Yongqian road 300 Very close Yes Noise, dust and odor Open chanal 13 Caiyuantun 1000 Very close Yes Noise, dust and odor 14 No. 4 zone of Nanzhan Road 90 10 Yes Noise, dust and odor 15 No. 21 Middle School 1437 25 Yes Noise, r dust and odor 16 Ruanhe residential area 950 Very close Yes Noise dust and odor 17 Dormitory area of Liutie 980 Very close Yes Noise, dust and odor 18 Changhong Hotel 40 No Noise, dust 19 Residential building of No. 2 zone 1050 20 Yes Noise, dust and odor 20 No. 4 Kindergarten of Liuzhou Railway Bureau 400 30 Yes Noise, dust and odor Subtotal 11291 Total 19413

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Table 1-5-2 Objects to be protected (wastewater treatment plants)

Objects to be Concerned Distance from Impact factors No . odor source Direction Construction Operation Remarks protectedpopulationj (i)-propeod _ ____ ( m) period period Baisha Wastewater treatment plant Huilong Village 460 55 South Dust and Noise and 1 noise odor 310 218 North Dust and Noise and Floating noise odor population 2 Local medical 2417 98 South Dust and Noise and school I_noise odor Longquanshan Wastewater treatment project

1 | Jila Village 36 T 195 South Dust and T Noise and Floating l____ l l ______lJl noise odor population Labao Wastewater treatment project

Lower Jiandu 20 111 Northwe Dust and Noise and Adjacent to Village st noise odor building

2 Middle Jiandu 56 West Dust and Noise and 2 Village 5t noise odor Total 3243 _ _ _ _

Table 1-6-1 Environmental Quality Standard of surface water Unit: mgtL (except pH) No Water Quality Item Class II Class III 1 PH 6-9 2 Potassium permanganate index •4 •6 3 CODcr •15 •20

4 BOD5 •3 •4

5 NH 3-N •0.5 •1 I.0 60.1 (lake. reservoir •0.2 (lake. reservoir 6Total phosphorus 0.025) 0.05)

(2) Ambient Air Ambient air assessment is according to Class II Standard in Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB3095-1996), see table 1-6-2.

Table 1-6-2 Atmospheric Pollutants Concentration Limit (mg/m 3 ) Pollutant Data type Concentration limit TSP Annual average 0.20 Daily average 0.30 Annual average 0.06

SO2 Daily average 0.15 Hourly average 0.50 Annual average 0.08

NO2 Daily average 0.12 Hourly average 0.24

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(3) Noise According to Standard of Ambient Noise of Urban Area (GB3096-93) and Applicable Environmental Noise Standard for Each Subdistrict of Liuzhou City, the sound environmental quality standard for the subdistrict around each Wastewater Treatment Plants is shown in table 1-6-3. Table 1-6-3 Noise environmental quality standards for area where the project is located

Plant Applicable standard Standard value dB (A) Remarks Daytime Nighttime Baisha WWTP Class II 60 50 Longquanshan WWTP Class II 60 50 Yanghe WWTP Class III 65 55 Industrial development zone Labao WWTP Class II 60 50

1.6.2 Standard of Pollutants Discharge

(1) Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants Effluents from the Wastewater Treatment Plants shall observe Type B of Primary Discharge Standard of Urban Wastewater Treatment Plant (GB 18918-2002). Limits are shown in table 1-6-4.

Table 1-6-4 Allowable Discharge Concentration of Major Items (daily average value)

Unit: mg/I (except pH)

No Items Primary Discharge Standard Type B 1 CODcr 60

2 BOD5 20 3 SS 20 4 Total nitrogen 20 5 Total phosphorus 1.5 6 PH 6-9 (2) Discharge Standard of Air Pollutants For odor pollutants, Secondary (for newly established project) Discharge Standard of Urban Wastewater Treatment Plant (GB 18918-2002) shall be followed. See table 1-6-5 for detailed standard. Table 1-6-5 Limit of Odor Pollutants at Boundary of Plants

Secondary standard ( for new No Items Unit construction, expansion and, rebuilding) Ammonia mg/mi3 1.5 2 Hydrogen sulfide mg/m3 0.06 3 Ozone Non dimensional 20 (3) Noise Noise at boundary of Yanghe Wastewater Treatment Plants shall observe Category III in Standard of Noise at Boundary of Industrial Enterprises (GB12348-90), i.e. 65dB (A) for daytime and 55dB(A) for nighttime.

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Noise at boundary of other three Wastewater Treatment Plants shall observe Category II in Standard of Noise at Boundary of Industrial Enterprises (GB12348-90), i.e. 60dB (A) for daytime and 50dB(A) for nighttime.

At construction site, Noise Limits for Construction Site (GB12523-90) will be observed. See table 1-6-6. Table 1-6-6 Noise Limits for Construction Site Construction Noise limits (dB(A)) Main noise sources stage Daytime Nighttime Earthworks Dozer, excavator etc. 75 55 Construction is Piling Pile hammer etc. 85 prohibited

Structure Concrete mixer, vibration bar, electric saw 70 55 decoration Crane, lifter etc. 65 55 (4) Riverbed sediment and sludge from Wastewater Treatment Plants Disposal of riverbed sediment and sludge from Wastewater Treatment Plants should follow the sludge control standard in Discharge Standard of Urban Wastewater Treatment Plant (GB18918-2002) please see table 1-6-7 for detailed value.

Identification for sludge leachate toxicity will follow the leachate Identification Standard of Hazardous Wastes Identification Standard (GB5085.3-1996), see table 1-6-8. Table 1-6-7 Pollutant Limit in Sludge for Agricultural Use No Items Maximum allowable content (mglkg dry sludge) No Items For acid soil (pH<6.5 For normal and alkali soil(pH 6.5) 1 Total Cadium 5 20 2 Total Mercury 5 15 3 Total Lead 300 1000 4 Total Chromium 600 1000 5 Total Arsenic 75 75 6 Total Nickel 100 200 7 Total zinc 2000 3000 8 Total Copper 800 1500 9 Petroleum 3000 3000

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Table 1-6-8 Leachate toxicity standard

No Items Maximum allowable concentration in leachate mg/i 1 Mercury and its compound (total mercury) 0.05 Lead (total lead) 3 3 Cadium (total cadium) 0.3 4 Total Chromium 10 5 Chromium (hexavalence) 1.5 6 Copper and its compound(total copper) 50 7 Zinc and its compound (total Zinc) 50 8 Beryllium and its compound (total Be) 0.1 9 Barium and its compound (total Ba) 100 10 Nickel and its compound (total Ni) 10 I 1 Arsenic and its compound (total As) 1.5 12 Inorganic fluorid (excluding calcium fluoride) 50 13 cyanide (CND) 1.0 (5) Sanitation assurance space In accordance with requirement of the Construction Standards for Urban Wastewater Treatment Engineering Project issued by the Construction Ministry, wastewater and sludge disposal facilities which generate odors shall be located at leeward place (the summer prevailing wind) in the WWVTP, and shall be as far as possible from the residential area; At least, the distance between the odor source and the residential area shall be no less than 50-100 m.

1.7 Principle and method of assessment

(l)To satisfy the state and local construction project' environmental protection requirements, and to comply with "Management of Environmental Impact Assessment of Construction Projects Financed by International Financial Organization" and the environment impact assessment requirement of the World Bank.

(2) In respect of the characteristics of the project environment impact, and taking main environment elements and pollutant factors as the assessment targets, to focus on appraising the key protection targets and pay more attention to analysis on standardizing discharge, clean production, mass control and reasonable site selection.

(3) In combination of measures like analytic investigation, model simulation, data collection and analysis. and making full use of available information, to predict the environment benefits and potential environmental impact; public consultation and issuing ((Questionnaire));

(4) To serve the management by compiling environment management plan (EMP), proposing comments and suggestions to the management and construction unit for reference; to eliminate or recover the bad environmetal and social impact by making a serial of alleviation, monitoring and institution-building measures implemented s duringproject construction and operation.

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(5) To testify the feasibility of the Project from the environmental protection side, and to make every efforts to provide a scientific and practical environment impact assessment conclusion, thus to offer a scientific basis for the environment protection and management during the project approval, design and construction stages.

1.8 procedures

Procedures for this Environment impact assessment are shown in figure 1-8-1.

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Assessment Start

EIA outline

Project analysis

Ar cEIAreport outline

I"5public NO

YES

Current environment BK appr assessmentl end EIA report of each component 1

n EIn urong c during6 1 construction J operation)

consultation Rve ]~~~~~~~Rpr prepartio [ Analysis on alternatives l

( nioment protection lI[Management andmntrn

2 public v F Reportpreparationl

f ]~~~~NO l ~~Reportreviewl

+YES

[ BK appraisal, assessment end

Figure 1-8-1 Assessment block diagram

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2.Environmental Features and Planning

2.1 Natural Environmental Features

2.1.1 Geographical Location

Liuzhou city is located in the middle of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. It is at 108° 50 -109 ° 45 ' east longitude and at 230 35 ' -24° 35 ' north latitude. Please refer to figure 2 for its geographical location. It is in the middle and lower reaches of Liujiang River with Rongshui to the north, Luzhai and Xiangzhou to the east, Yishan Mountain and Xincheng to the west and Laibin to the south. The total area of the city is 5307.24 km2 and 651 km2 for the urban area.

2.1.2 Topography and geology

(1) Topography Liuzhou City is a karst basin surrounded by hilly ground in the north, east and west with only the south part open. It embodies typical land features of karst. Its land features can by represented by several units such as the central meander block of the city, karst plain of butte peak in northern Liuzhou, butte peak of eastern Liuzhou, Fengcong karst plain, hoodoo and Fengcong valley in southern Liuzhou, multi-level river terrace in western Liuzhou, Shatang syncline karst basin, low hilly-grounds, etc.

Liuzhou city stands at the northern end of Guizhong karst plain with flat topography and some slight slopes. The ground elevation is normally within 78-120m (of Huanghai altitude, the same below). Denudation butte can often be seen scattering in the plain. The southern part of the city fosters a karst spring with limpid water flowing out all the year round, and it converge with the crisscross submerged river. The region of Taiyang village and eastern Liuzhou is of Fenglin plain and Fengcong valley. The riverbank of Liujiang River is mainly of alluvion topography. The first layer of terrace is 50- lOOm in width while the second O.5-lOkm. Some spotted third, fourth and fifth layers of terrace also appear in other regions. Karst caves can be seen in the downtown area, mostly with altitude higher than 30m.

(2) Geology The geology of area along banks of Liujiang River in Liuzhou downtown area is mainly sand clay, sandy clay, gravel and clay layers of quaternary Holocene and Pleistocene. And then it is light gray biological marl with dolomite of later carbonic period Cld group; tuff with mudstone in between, siliceous rocks with tuff, siliceous rocks etc. in P2d, P3h of upper Permian; and the lithological characters of some part of the river banks is marl with mudstones of Triassic.

Soil in Liuzhou city can be divided into 6 categories: rice soil, red soil, calcareous soil, red calcareous soil, alluvial soil, purple soil, and 18 sub-categories, 61 soil genus, 162 soil strains.

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The valley along both banks of Liujiang River is terrain mixed with sandy soil and oil-like sandy soil, mainly distributed in villages like Huangcun, Liudong and Yangjiaoshan and so on. Relief of hilly grounds in the northwest is relatively high and is short of water. Along Shatang, Changtang, Bailu, Xier etc., the land is of river soil, parent material rice soil belt. The far suburb of Taiyang Village and town, and the south suburb of Yangqiao village is of limestone valley and Changfeng plain, belonging to calcareous soil. In the northeast, the soil is mostly red soil in sloping like terrain.

2.1.3 Climate

The climate of Liuzhou City is of a transitional climatic zone from the tropical climate of central Asia to the tropical climate of south Asia. The weather here is warm and humid with abundant rainfall, resulting in floods in summer and dryness in winter. The climatic conditions of the region where the project locates refers to table 2-1-1.

Table 2-1-1 Climatic Conditions of Liuzhou City

Item Unit Value Average annual Temperature IC 20.5 Atmosphere Temperature ~~HighestTemperature in extremity °C39.2 Lowest Temperature in extremity °C -3.8 Average rainfall for several years mm 1460.7 Rainfall precipitation Biggest rainfall within the year mm 2289.4 Smallest rainfall within the year mm 918.1 Biggest rainfall on testing day mm 311.9 Average annual evaporation capacity mm 1583.6 Average annual Relative Humidity 76 Average atmosphere Pressure for mbar 1002.0 several years Highest atmosphere Pressure in Atmosphere Pressure .mbar 1028.5 Extremity Lowest atmosphere Pressure in mbar 981.0 Extremity Highest Wind Speed m/s 17 Wind Direction and Average annual Wind Speed per m/s 1.6 Wind velocity The wind direction is to the north in Dominant Wind Direction winter and to the south in summer.

2.1.4 Hydrology

(l) Liujiang river Upstream of Liujiang River is called Duliujiang River. It originates from No. 99 Lina shoal in Guizhou Dushan County. It passes three counties: Sandu, Rongjiang, Congjiang in Guizhou Autonomous Region and enters into Rongan, Rongshui and Liucheng counties in Guangxi Province. After entering into Fengshan Town of Liucheng city, it joins with its branch Longjiang River and from

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then it is called Liujiang River. It then flows by Liuzhou city, Liujiang County, Xiangzhou county and joined with Honghe River in Shilong town of Xiangzhou County. It is called Qianjiang after this convergence. Duliujiang is the upper reaches of the river, with length of 365.5km, drop 1214m and average gradient 3.3%o ; Rongjiang River is the middle reaches of the river with length 182.5km, drop 47.5m, and average gradient of 0.26 oo ; After convergence of Longjiang River, it's now the downstream section with river length 202.5km, drop 35.5m and average gradient 0.18.

Longjiang river is the largest branch of Liujiang River and originates from Dushan county of Guizhou province. Its drainage area is 16740km2, trunk stream length is 358 km, total drop 889m. Branches whose drainage area exceeding 1000 km2 are the following nine branches: Zaigao, Pingyong, Shuangjiang, Guyi, Langxi, Yangjiang, Luoqing, Yunjiang and Beijiang etc. Please refer to figure 2-1-1 for general situation of Liujiang River system.

Liujiang River circles Liuzhou urban area in a - shape. Its total length is about 74km with abundant water volume all year long. Hydrological figures collected by Liuzhou hydrological station of Liujiang River are shown in table 2-1-2. Table 2-1-2 Hydrological data of Liujiang River Item Unit Value Tested Highest Historic Water Level M 92.96 Average Flood Level for several years M 82.22 Highest Flood Level in 100 Years M 92.21 Highest Flood Level in 50 Years M 90.32 Highest Flood Level in 20 Years M 88.32 Lowest Water Level M 69.19 Biggest Flood Flow in 100 Years mW/s 31800 Average Flood Flow for several years m3 /s 1247.76

SmallestAeaeFFlowo slya m3 /s 85.19 The annually highest water level of Liujiang River is mostly under 84.00m with 28.1 % over 84.00m, namely, flood strikes the area in every 3.5 years in average. The flood often comes suddenly and forcefully with sharp rise and fall. ne highest flood rising extent record is 12.1 m within 24 hours with the highest rising ratise e h i the normal rate is 0.30.5m. The highest rising extent record of one flood is around 18m. The flood season is from mid-June to rmTid-Julywith more floods in June. The flood peak period can be as long as 25 days and as short as 3 days.

(2) Zhuexi Creek Zhuexi Creek is in southwest of Liuzhou City. It originates from Nanshe Hillock of Liuli Village in Xi'e County in northwest of Liuzhou City. The creek passes villages like Shanggaosha, Changlong. Shangtaohua, Xiataohua, Shilan, Yangjiaowen, Liangshui and Zhue. It enters the downtown area of the city around the refrigerator factory and joins the Liujiang River from the right bank which is lkm from the lower reach of the iron bridge on the River. The drainage area of the Creek is 72.8km2 , and the main river course is 21.5km and 4.2km of it in the downtown area. The average gradient of the river course is 3.92Yooand the average height 135m. It is the largest branch of Liujiang River in the downtown area of Liujiang city.

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The monthly runoff figures of Zhuexi Creek calculated based on the monthly rainfall record from 1934-1998 collected by Liuzhou hydrological station are as follows: the largest monthly runoff of level water year (P=50%) is 9,033,000 m3 while the smallest monthly runoff 409,000 m3 . The largest monthly runoff of low water year (P=50%) is 6,332,000 m3 while the smallest monthly runoff 28,000 m3. Please see the detailed information in table 2-1-3. Table 2-1-3 Runoff of Zhuexi Creek

Annual Rainfal Annual Average Largest Largest Smallest Smallest P annual Monthly Average Monthly Average ( l ) Run(104M3) flow runoff onthly runoff Monthly flow ( mm (10 m ) (m3 /s) (104 m3) flow (m3/s) (104 m3 ) (m3/s)

50 1450 5066.9 1.61 903.3 3.48 40.9 0.16 75 1270 2218.9 0.7 821.4 3.07 9.09 0.03 90 1120 2975 0.62 633.2 2.44 2.80 0.01

(3) Jiuqu River Jiuqu River originates from Longhuai and Beigong reservoir. It is a small river serving as the irrigation channel passing Labao town and JingDe of Liujiang County. Jiuqu River joins Buyuan River together with Baocun river, in Shangbuyuan railway bridge, namely the upper reach of Daqiao river of Liuzhou City. It finally enters Liujiang River from Xiangshui River at the Geology Hospital. Running from Wulun Bridge to Jilong Village, the river covers 6 administrative villages, 19 natural villages with a total villager population of about 12,000 (excluding urban residents) and the irrigation area of 11,000 mou. The drinking water of the local residents is mainly from tap water. The major agriculture of the city are rice, lotus root, vegetable, fruit and sugar cane growing, while the livestock breeding industry is focused on pond fishing, box-fishing and poultry breeding. There are 334 household box-fishing breeders in Ashan Village and Jilong Village with a total number of 507,000 fries. The fish breeders of the two villages proposed the strongest complaints against the pollution of Jiuqu River ever since the accidents of dying fish caused by the pollutants of Jiujiang River occurred continuously in the last several years.

(4) Honghua Hydr Dam Liujiang Hydro Dam is situated near the Liyong Forestry Center of Honghua Village, the lower reach of Liujiang River. Geological position refers to figure 2-1-1. It is designed with an installed capacity of 230,000 kilowatts and an estimated annual output of 0.9 billion Kilowatt-hours of electricity after construction. Honghua Hydropower Station is a stair of the lowest reach of the 9 stairs of the trunk stream of Liujiang River specified in the Comprehensive Utilization Planning Report of Liujiang River of Xijiang Water System in Zhujiang Drainage Area. It stands at about 60Km of the lower reach of Liuzhou hydrological station. According to The Research Report of Water Resource in Guangxi Liujiang Honghua Hydropower Station, this station is riverbed runoff station. The operation of the station will exert no influence to the distribution of water flow in high water season, drought season and different months of the year. The daily adjustment storage capacity of the station is only 29 million m3, and it can alter the daily natural water distribution process during peak flow. The water

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection 20 Liuzhou Environment Management Project - Wastewater Treatment Component intake flow range of the station and the lock gate is 192-4800m 3/s, i.e. The smallest water discharging volume of the station is 192 m3 /s (to guarantee 95% of the shipping are carried by base flow). The normal water storage level of the station is 77.5m while the controlling water level of Liuzhou Bridge is 78.2m. The backwater length of the reservoir is 108Km and covers 17 villages and towns of the downtown area of Liuzhou City, Liujiang County, Liucheng County and Luzhai County. Due to water level raise caused by the dam construction, the hydrological factors of the river way before and after the reservoir construction will be changed. The flow volume with comprehensive diachronic guarantee rate 50% is 638m3/s. The average water depth in the front-dam area rose from 2,22m before reservoir construction to 13.13m after the construction, the water surface breadth from 360m to 642m while sectional average water velocity dropped from 0.79m/s to 0.08mIs.

(5) Flood control system A flood control system has already been established in Liuzhou City in line with the standard of highest flood level in every 50 years. The water levels for flood prevention are different in different sections since the river way in the city is quite long with big falls. Based on relevant flood control data provided by the Feasibility Analysis Report of the Flood Control Project of Liuzhou City in Guangxi Zhuang Antonymous Region done by Guangxi Nanning Investigation and Design Institute, the related sectional water level data for flood control concerning this project are shown in table 2-1-4. Table 2-1-4 Related Sectional Water Level data for Flood Control Concerning this Project Section Name p=2% Natural Water Level p=2% Backwater Level Zhuexi Creek 91.23m 91.37m Huilong Village (Baisha) 90.07m 90.23m Jiutou Village (Longquan Hill) 86.34m 86.58m Yanghe Village 86.01m 86.27m After the completion of Honghua Hydropower Station, the constant water level of the Reservoir in Liuzhou area is around 77.5m.

2.1.5 Engineering Geology and Earthquake

(1) Engineering geology Liuzhou urban city is located on the axis of structure like "Lb" shape in Guangxi. It has terrains of upper Devonian and lower Triassic and is covered by Quatemary loose deposit.

Quatemary strata are widely distributed and consist of granophyric clay, pelitic clay and basement detritus in sliderock and residue layers in thickness of Sm to 40m. Pleistocene alluvial deposit range in thickness from 2m to SOm, which consists of the upper sandy clay and lower gravel and they forms the tall terrace of this city. Holocene alluvial deposit range in thickness from 2m to 15m and its upper sandy clay and lower gravel layer forms first-order and second-order terrace.

The clay is of high water content, big porosity, hard and mid-lower compressible clay and its permissible pressure is above l5OKpa. The expansionary rate of red clay in urban city ranges from 25% to 40%. The clay loam are like lens altemate with clay layers, whose permissible pressure is above 200Kpa. The pond wash usually have slime layers which ranges in thickness from 1 to Sm.

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(2) earthquake The anti-seismic intensity is Degree 6 and the value of basic seismic acceleration is designed 0.05g,based on the Moving Parameter Master Chart of Chinese Earthquake, GB18306-2001,Designed criterion of constructional defending shake, GB50011-2001,and Classified criteria of constructional defending shake fortify, GB50223-95.

2.1.6 Natural Resources

(1) River and water resources Liuzhou City belongs to Liujiang drainage area of Xijiang drainage area from Zhujiang water system on the whole. Liujiang River is the largest river within the area and originates from Gengding Village of Dushan County in Guizhou province. The upper reaches of the river include Duliujiang Rver, Xunjiang River and Rongjiang River (Duliujiang River and Xunjiang River merges into Rongjiang River at Laobaokou of Sanjiang County). Rongjiang River merges with Longjiang River originated from Libo of Guizhou Province into Liujiang River at the Fengshan Mountain of Liucheng County. Liujiang River is 272Km in full length. It reaches the convergence point of three rivers near Shilong of Xiangzhou county passing Liucheng city, Liujiang County, the downtown area of Liuzhou City and Luzhai County with a total rain collection area of 58398 m 2. Liujiang River enters the downtown area of the city from Lutang and outlines the northern byland of Liuzhou City of a "pot" shape. Therefore Liuzhou City is also called "Pot City". Another major river in this area is the Luoqingjiang River that passes Luzhai County and enters the Liujiang River. The water system of Liuzhou is quite rich, however, the runoff volume is distributed unevenly with the water volume of high water season taking up about 80% of the whole runoff. The sand content and suspended sediment discharge volume of the river is rather small, forming a tremendous waterpower capacity. Such a feature is very conducive for the development of shipping and waterpower industries.

(2) Land resource The land area of the city is 1,860,860 hectare, accounting for 7.89% of the total land area of Guangxi Autonomous Region (23,666,100 hectare in total). The per capita arable land area is 0.48 hectare. Most of the soil in the city is of moderate thickness and good texture, so the soil here is suitable for cultivation and farming. However, the content of organic substance of the soil stands at a low level with low fertility. The arable soil here can be divided into four types of rice soil, red soil, calcareous soil and alluvium soil.

(3) Mineral resources Up to 12 kinds of mineral products have been so far discovered in the downtown area of Liuzhou City, Liujiang and Liucheng County with most of which are non-metal mines. The reserves of 8 out of them are verified with 26 deposits with different small, middle and large sizes. Among them, the distribution of limestone and dolomite reserves for cement production, metallurgy and chemical production industries are relatively wide. Marble reserve is also found in both of the two counties. The major mineral reserves of Rong'an, Rongshui, Sanjiang and Luzhai counties are of 7 types including black metal, non-ferrous metal, noble metal, rare dispersed radio elements, coal, accessory non-metal for metallurgy, non-metal for chemical production industry, non-metal for construction material. The

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection 22 Liuzhou Environment Management Project - Wastewater Treatment Component black metals having been verified are iron and manganese. The verified non-ferrous metal and noble metal reserves are those of cuprum, plumbum, zinc, nickel, cobalt, stannum, aurum, argentum, etc. The reserve of copper in Yuanbaoshan Mountain has 7 deposits while the reserves of plumbum and zinc are relatively rich in Rong'an County. The reserves of nickel and stannum are mainly within the multiple metal reserve belt of Yuanbaoshan Mountain in Rongshui County. The reserves of dispersed element and radioelement are those of indium, cadmium, uranium with that of indium in Rongshui County and cadmium in Rong'an County. The reserves of non-metal mineral products used as chemical raw material are those of iron pyrites, associated sulfur, phosphor, limestone soil for the production of calcium carbide, barite, surpentine, etc.

(4) Tourism resources and landscape The tourism resources of the city are the combination of both natural sceneries and local folk cultures. The major natural sceneries and composite sceneries are as follows: Longtan Park, Dule Rock Park, Queshan Park and Sanmenjiang National Forest Park in the city; Flagon Mountain and Longbei Reservoir of Liujiang County; Taiping Rock in Liucheng County; Guding Dragon Pond, Yuanbao Mountain Forest, Beijing River, Gunbeilao Mountain, Sijian Mountain, Laojun Cave, Shouxing Rock. Liugong Rock and Yuhua Celestial Cave of Rongshui Miao Autonomous County; the Xiangqiaoyan scenic spot and Baixiang Rock of Luzhai County, Laobaoshimen river scenic spot of Sanjiang Tong Autonomous County, etc. The tourism resources of ethnic cultures are mainly focused in the two minority autonomous counties of Rongshui and Sanjiang with the most typical cultures being those of Tong and Miao nationalities.

2.2 Social Environmental Features

2.2.1 Districts in Urban Area

The whole area of Liuzhou City is 18686.31km2 where the urban area accounts for 658.3 1km2. The city is divided into five districts: the central district as the administration center of the city together with commercial and residential zones; the northem district giving priority to industries like metallurgy, fertilizer and textile; the eastern river district focusing on scientific research, culture & education and sports along with electronics and instruments; the westem river district giving priority to machinery industry and acting as the railway hub; and the southern river district containing mainly small and medium-sized factories in industries like agricultural equipment, automobile, electric machinery, instruments, food, and construction material. The details of urban districts division are shown in figure 2-2-1.

2.2.2 Population

The city of Liuzhou is an area where thirty-plus different ethnic groups live in compact or mingled communities. Apart from the Han ethnic group, there are other ethnic minorities living in this area such as Zhuang, Miao, Tong, Yao, Hui, etc. Up to end of year 2002, the total population of Liuzhou City is 3,485,100, of which urban population accounts for 943,800.

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2.2.3 Social and Economic Conditions

Liuzhou has always been the distribution center for agricultural and special local products and industrial products of Guangxi. The advanced development of industry and commerce here has enabled it to act as the major channel for the transportation of people and commodities exchanges in central-south and southwest area of China. In recent years, having further deepened the reform and opening up movements, various sectors including industry, agriculture, culture and education, health, commerce, trade and transportation have all been greatly developed, especially in machinery, metallurgy, textile, chemical production, construction material and food industries. Quite a number of these products have entered international market, and making Liuzhou one of the major industrial cities of Guangxi. The GNP of Liuzhou City in year 2002 was 28.64 billion RMB and the per capita GDP was 12282 RMB. The city of Liuzhou is to be developed into "a comprehensively developed regional economic center and a key transportation center mainly focused on industry, and at the same time a historic and cultural well-known city possessing unique scenic characteristics" in the future.

2.2.4 Industries

Liuzhou is the largest industrial base of Guangxi and one of the most important industrial city of China. Up to 2002, in this city there are over 100 medium and large-sized industrial enterprises engaging in thirty-plus industries ranging from metallurgy, machinery, electronics, textile, papermaking, chemical production, tobacco, pharmacy, construction material and power utility producing nearly 4000 products. The industries of electrical machinery, textile, construction material, chemical production and light industry also stand in important positions in Guangxi. The gross output value of industry and added value of industry are 38.142 billion RMB and 10.254 billion RMB respectively in year 2002.

2.2.5 Transportation

Liuzhou City is a tourism-open city approved by the State Council in 1997. Meanwhile, it's also the key communication hub of Guangxi where converge three railway trunks, namely Xianggui, Xiangqian and Zhiliu. Direct traveling to Guangzhou can be achieved by water route. Scheduled flights to Guangzhou, Chengdu and other places are also available. Highway transportation extends in all directions.

2.3 Liuzhou urban Master planing and Environmental Protection Planning

2.3.1 Characteristic of the City

Liuzhou City is a comprehensively developed regional center and a key transportation center mainly based on industry. Meanwhile, it is also a well-known historic and cultural city possessing unique scenic characteristics.

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2.3.2 Planning on growing population

In accordance with the outlined tentative plan in latest version of Liuzhou General City Planning (2001-2020), the administrative division of Liuzhou is to be adjusted from current five districts and two counties to four districts and six counties. Please refer to table 2-3-1 for multi-stage predictive results of the future overall population, city population, county population and town population. Table 2-3-1 urbanization and Urban Population Prediction Year Total Population (Thousand) Urban Population (Thousand) Urbanization Percentage (%) 2000 3430.8 1338.6 39.00 2005 3900.0 1800.0 46.00 2010 4200.0 2200.0 52.00 2015 4500.0 2600.0 58.00 2020 4800.0 3000.0 62.00 Note: Data from the guideline of the Liuzhou General City Planning (2001-2020)

It is planned that the urban population of Liuzhou City is to reach 3 million in 2020 of which the population of Liuzhou urban area will accounts for 1.1, 1.25 and 1.6 million in year 2005, 2010 and 2020 respectively, and land for urban construction is 116km2, 126km2 and 168km2 respectively. The population within the area of the project in Liujiang county (Labao to be specific) in year 2005, 2010 and 2020 is 65, 90 and 120 thousand respectively and land for urban construction is 13, 18 and 26km2 .

The wastewater of the city all comes from domestic water and industrial water. Therefore, the predication of urban water consumption becomes the basis for predicting the amount of urban wastewater. And the predication of urban domestic water consumption is closely linked with the population growth. According to the General City Planning and the division of industries and living zones in all districts, the controlled index of planned population and land for construction in every wastewater drainage area of Liuzhou and Labao county please refers to table 2-3-2.

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Table2-3-2 Current Situations and Population Prediction (2000-2020) No. catchment Type 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 Permanent population 250,000 300,000 310,000 315,000 320,000 1 Baisha Floating Population 24,815 25,751 30,075 35,000 37,210 Service Area 25 28 km 30 km 31.5k 2 Permanent population 357,000 450,000 500,000 550,000 600,000 2 Longquansh Floating Population 35,436 38,627 48,507 61,111 69,767 an Land for Construction 40 km2 45 km 50 km 55 km 60 km Permanent population 206,000 250,000 300,000 340,000 380,000 3 Jinglan Floating Population 20,448 21,459 29,105 37,778 44,186 Land for Construction 20 km2 25 km2 30 km2 35 km2 38 km2 Permanent population 6,000 30,000 50,000 65,000 80,000 4 Yanghe Floating Population 596 2,575 4,852 7,222 9,303 Land for Construction 2.5T 35 k-m 10 kM2 20 kM2 Permanent population 40,200 65,000 90,000 105,000 120,000 5 Labao Floating Population 3,990 5,579 8,731 11,669 13,953 2222 2 ___ Land for Construction 8 km 13 kmf 18 km2 22km 26 km Permanent population 87,800 70,000 90,000 155,000 220,000 6 Other Area Floating Population 8,715 6,010 8,730 17,220 25,580 2 - 2 F km2__T 5k 2 15k2 Land for Construction 9km 15 km 11 km 15 km 18.5km Permanent population 947,000 1,165,00 1,340,00 1,530,00 1,720,00 7 Total 0 0 0 0 Floating Population 94,000 100,000 130,000 170,000 200,000 Land for Construction 104.5 km 129.0 144.0 168.0 194.0 km2 km2 km2 km2 8 Service Area Population 944,485 1,188,99 1,371,27 1,527,78 1,674,42 ______~~~~0 0 0 0

2.3.3 Layout and planning of land use

Please see figure 2-3-1 for planning of land use in Liuzhou city. (1) Land for public facilities The municipal administrative center is located north of Panlong Mountain in eastern district and on the east bank of Liujiang River.

The municipal cultural and recreational center is located to the north and the west of the municipal administrative center.

The financial and trade zone is located north of Tanzhong Avenue and east of Yuejin Road within the circling area of Liujiang River.

The municipal commercial zones are distributed in Yufengshan Mountain area; south of the People's Square; front of the north station of the new railway station and along the riverside of Liujiang River. The cultural and educational districts centralize at two places, namely the expanded area based on Guangxi Industrial Institute and the expanded area in Shatang County.

(2) Land for Residential Buildings

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Residential lands of grade 2 are allocated in all the districts of the city, concentrated mainly in the central district, eastern district and southern district. Some residential land of grade 1 is located in Luowei area. The major residential area of the city is mainly arranged along the riverside of Liujiang River, focusing on both sides of Liujiang river section from Shuangchong Bridge to Zhegujiang dock. The area within the planned ring highway is chiefly for use of residence in principle. The existing polluting industries are to be moved out, and no such industrial projects are to be arranged in this area.

(3) Land for industrial construction * Treatment of industrial zone The large-scaled industrial zones of Liuzhou City are mainly the north industrial zone and the west industrial zone. For the planning of both the industrial zones, major considerations are given to the beautification of their external appearance through environmental treatment measures and the perfection of their functions through setting up new community centers.

A great number of small and medium-sized enterprises are scattered along the Liushi road in southeast Liuzhou city. In the planning, except for land where industrial plants gathered, all other area will be changed for other use for the city.

The Jinglan Industrial Development Zone is now at the major gateway of the city, namely at the northern side of Xijiang road. Consequently, it has caused unfavorable impression on the city's appearance. By planning, new industrial projects will not be taken into consideration. Existing industrial enterprises shall be reconstructed and moved out step by step. The long-term plan of this place is for the new living area.

There are only a small number of enterprises in the High-tech Development Zone at the east bank of Liujiang River. BY planning, a modern, taintless industrial zone is to be constructed in the eastern part of the High-tech Zone. The environmental requirements on enterprises to be set up in the zone will be put under strict control. In the plan, Yanghe Development Zone is at the leeward and downstream of the city and is separated from the downtown area by Liujiang River. It is arranged to receive the enterprises moving out from the city.

Concerning the mid and long-term plan, a new industrial complex will be set at Guantang to solve the problem of mid and long-term industrial land use arrangement. It is planned that those enterprises requiring large power consuming, water consuming and transportation (including some polluting industries) could be established here. * Arrangements of industrial zones Four large industrial zones will be centralized. Industrial zone in northern district: the major enterprises in this zone are Liuzhou Iron and Steel Plant and Liuzhou Chemical Production Plant. The zone is to be expanded to the south to a proper extend and will be based on iron and steel industry as well as chemical production.

High-tech industrial zone: the existing High-tech Industrial Zone.

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Industrial zone in western district: the major enterprises are Shanghai GM Wuling Minicar Co., Liuzhou Industrial Factory, Liuzhou Locomotive Factory. The zone is to be expanded to a proper extend and will be based on machine manufacturing industry.

Yanghe Industrial zone: the zone is in Yanghe County and focus on first and second-grade industries. It is to receive the enterprises moving out from the city and new enterprises with high content of technology will be constructed.

2.3.4 Master urban Planning

The main theme of the planning is to transform the city from single-centered structure to primary-and-secondary center combined structure. In regard to the current city system patter of preferring southern to the northern part with the city center in the south, the development of city center in the northern part will be the strengthened. The plan is to form a space structure of "one circle, one belt and two axes" city system. Namely, the circle of inner city of Liuzhou will be the primary center while Rong'an - Rongshui counties becoming the secondary center. The city will then develop along the axes of Xianggui and Zhiliu railway trunks.

The administrative region of Liuzhou City includes the northem district, the central district, the southern district, and Yufeng district.

2.3.5 Water Environmental Protection Plan

The water quality of Liujiang River in downtown area is controlled based on two classes. It is strictly prohibited to construct new polluting enterprises along the riverside so to gradually achieve the goal of prohibiting the discharge of any untreated industrial wastewater or living wastewater to the river directly.

In 1998, Liuzhou municipality carried out a detailed function division of different water bodies within its administration. According to the division, the part from section of the water intake of Liuzhou Cement Plant 6km upstream of the water intake port of Liubei Water Plant to section 200m downstream of the water intake port of Liudong Water Plant is of grade I drinking water resource protection reach of Liuzhou. The whole length of the reach is 20.5km. Surface water environment quality standard Class II is to be applied to. The part from the section 200m downstream of the water intake port of Liudong Water Plant to the section 200m downstream to Hedong Bridge is of grade II drinking water resource protection reach of Liuzhou. The whole length of the reach is about 5km. Surface water environment quality standard grade III is to be applied to. The part from the section 200m downstream to Hedong Bridge to its connecting section with Mao'er Mountain is for comprehensive water usage area. The whole length of this part is about 80km with some spotted drinking water intake spot. Surface water environment quality standard Class III is to be applied to this reach. Refers to figure 2-3-2 for details.

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2.3.6 Current situation and planning of water supply & wastewater drainage

2.3.6.1 Current situation of water supply

The water supply of Liuzhou city comes from Liujiang River. The water supply system is composed of two parts: tap water supply system and self-provided water supply system.

Liuzhou Drinking Water Supply Company currently owns five water plants respectively in northern, southern, western, eastern and central districts of the city. Raw water is all taken from Liujiang river. Total designed water supply capacity is 670,000 m3 /d. By statistics of the water sales volume during the consecutive three years from 2000 to 2002, the annual water sales volume of the company is respectively 112.21 million m3 , 111.52 million m3 and 105.52 million m3 . The sales volume of water for domestic, industrial, public construction, municipal use amounts respectively to 55:30:10:5 of the total sales volume. Capacity of every water plants please refers to table 2-3-3 and the distribution of the plants refers to figure 2-3-3. Table 2-3-3 Current water plants

Name of water plants Designed capacity Main service range (0,000 m3/d) Liudong Water Plant 7.0 Eastern districts and high-tech development zone Liunan water plant 10.0 Southern district and old airport Liuxi water plant 33.0 Western and northern district Liubei water plant 10.0 Northern district Liuzhong water plant 7 Central district Total 67.0 Current self-provided water plants take raw water from surface water and layout water altogether with total capacity of about 1 million m3 /d. These water plants are self-prepared by power plant, iron and steel plant, chemical fertilizer plant, paper mill, cement plant and Liuzhou railway bureau and so on, and there are some small-sized water plants at the same time. By estimation based on statistics data from Liuzhou Municipal Water Resources Office, during the three years from 2000 to 2002, the actual water supply capacity of these self-provided water plants is about 0.7 million m3/d. Water capacity of every self-provided water plants refers to table 2-3-4. Table 2-3-4 Summary of current self-provided water plants Name of water plants Designed capacity (0,000 m3/d) Liuzhou power plant 30.0 Liuzhou Steel (Group) Company 25.0 Liuzhou Chemical Group 24.0 Liujiang Paper Mill 8.0 Liuzhou Cement Group 3.0 Liuzhou Railway Bureau 5.0 Total 95.0

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2.3.6.2 Water Supply Planning

By estimation based on water demand, highest water consumption in year 2020 of Liuzhou city will be 1.5 million m3 . During the planning period, the water supply capacity of self-provided water plants shall be kept to the level of 0.5-0.6 millions m3 /d, and 1 million m3/d for city's water plants. For future phase, water capacity of 1.2 million m3/d can be reached.

Of the five water plants in Liuzhou city, three namely Liuzhong, Liunan and Liudong water plants has set water intake ports in river section of downtown area. The raw water quality is now hard to reach the standard. In planning, these ports will be cancelled gradually and only water intake ports locate upstream of the city river section, that is of Liuxi and Liubei water plants will be remained. Please refers to figure 2-3-4.

The existing two water plants in Liuxi and Liubei have daily water capacity of 0.4 million m3/d. In year 2020, the city water plants capacity is required to reach 1 million m3 /d, that is 0.6 million is to be increased. During planning period, the existing water plants shall be expanded, and at the same time, new plants shall be constructed in order to reach that demand. The designed capacity of new water plant in Liubei will be 0.4 million m3/d and 0.2 million m3/d in Liuxi.

2.3.6.3 Wastewater drainage situation

Liuzhou is an industrial city, taking combined city drainage system. The water drainage system of built-up urban area now established its primary form. Rain wastewater will be diverged and discharged to gutters and Liujiang River. Refers to figure 2-3-5 for position of the drain outlets. Wastewater will be intercepted and collected by trunk wastewater channel.

Due to special topography and land feature, the length of river section in downtown area of Liuzhou is up to 74km. The wastewater was discharged nearby where it was from. In history, due to restrictions on construction fund, drain outlets was not centralized. With the construction and development of the city, within the drainage area, there formed five drainage areas and systems. The drain outlets are changed from former extremely diverged to relatively centralized. By final drain outlets, drainage area can be divided into five relatively centralized catchment: Baisha, Longquanshan, Jinglan, Yanghe and Labao. Please refer to figure 2-3-6. The following are descriptions for the current situation of these five catchments:

(1) Baisha Catchment Baisha catchment is composed by the north and south parts of Liubei byland north railway station. North railway station area is mainly occupied by industrial zones, thus the industrial wastewater are discharged through natural gutters and channels like Shuangchong gutter, Tiber Factory drain, Zinc Products Plant gutter, No. 2 Paper Mill, Yuejing trunk channel, Baisha trunk channel, Shengli trunk channel. Huilong gutter, Shuangfeng Kniiting Mill, Xianglan River and so on to Liujiang River. Except for drain outlet in Shuangchong gutter, Tiber Mill gutter, Huilong gutter, Shuangfeng Knitting Mill gutter, and Xianglan River, wastewater from all other outlets are intercepted by the trunk interceptor in north Liujiang river which is now under construction. Rainwater will be discharged to

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection 30 Liuzhou Environment Management Project - Wastewater Treatment Component river by current drain outlets nearby and wastewater is intercepted to Huilong gutter in the north of the planned Baisha WWTP and then enters into Liujiang.

(2) Longquanshan Catchment Longquanshan catchment is composed of three smaller catchments, namely Hexi, Zhuexi, Henan. Current drainpipe of Hexi has Hexi trunk channel and branch channel in hydropower station of Liuzhou Railway Bureau. It is of merging channel. In current situation, the wastewater will flow through Henan wastewater trunk interceptor to the downstream north branch of Zhuexi Creek (Heping trunk channel). After being lifted by Zhuexi wastewater pumping station, flowing through Henan wastewater trunk interceptor into Liushi trunk channel north of the existing Longquanshan WWTP, the wastewater is finally discharged into Liujiang River. Zhuexi Creek is one of the biggest branches in Liujiang River and is composed by north and south branches. Downstream of north branch is called Heping trunk channel. Starting from Heping Road in the west, passing by Xihuan road, Motan road, Hongqiao road, it finally joins with the south branch and enters into Liujiang River. Henan drainage area is in built-up areas. Currently the storm wastewater collection system is formed by drainage trunk channel like Huafeng trunk channel, Rongjun trunk channel, Lotus trunk channel, Liushi trunk channel etc. The wastewater is collected in intersection of Hudie road and are discharged to Longquanshan WWTP through Liushi trunk channel.

(3) Jinglan catchment This area covers southeast of Liuzhou and east of Liujiang River. Currently there are only Hedong trunk channel and Jinglan trunk channel that is already constructed drainage gutters. They respectively collect storm wastewater from built-up zones and converged near Jinglan bridge and enters into Liujiang river. Hedong district is divided into old urban district and development zones under construction. In the former, there already constructed Sanhua plant gutter, Malted milk plant gutter and general print works gutter. They are mainly combined drainage systems. In the development zones, there constructed earlier or later Jiangjia trunk channel, Xingcun trunk channel, Pingqi trunk channel, trunk channel in high-tech zones, No. 2 trunk channel in high-tech zone, Liudong trunk channel etc. Diverging wastewater system was previously planned but was now changed to combined system due to insufficient fund.

(4) Yanghe catchment Yanghe catchment locates mainly in Yanghe new zone, which is a new city development zone supported by Guibei Express Highway (including 5 km2 national level economical development zone). Export-oriented processing industries are arranged. It is also the highway and waterway goods transportation and storing center with corresponding living zones which is developed backing on current Guting Mountain. Except for Guting mountain, the wastewater pipe network inside the planned area is just started with small amount of wastewater.

(5) Labao catchment Labao catchment includes built-up zones in Labao town and planned development zones. Since Laobao locates in Liujiang county, the municipal facilities are outdated. Currently the water drainage

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adopts mainly gutter or stone open channel. Already constructed facilities are sugar refinery gutter, Zhujiaba wastewater drain, Hejiaba wastewater drain, county hospital gutter, wastewater gutter in Jiandu Development zone and industrial development zone and so on. Urban wastewater will be drained to Jiuqu River and Zhuexi Creek passing through the above gutters and enters into Liujiang River in the end. Current drainage pipe network is of combined system and in very incomplete condition.

2.3.6.4 Urban drainage planning

(1) Drainage system Built-up area will reach 90 km2 . According to Liuzhou General City planning. The city drainage system will be intercepting combined system for current built-up area and rain-wastewater diverging system for planned new zones.

(2) Districts division of wastewater drainage In combination of land feature, current drainage situation, and direction of planned wastewater pipelines in Liuzhou city, the water drainage area can be divided into several sub zones, namely central district, Liujiang county and others. Up to year 2020, Liuzhou urban area will be divided into four drainage zones, that is Baisha, Jinglan, Longquanshan and Yanghe.

(3) Pipeline network layout Current drainage pipeline network in built-up area is based on combined rain and wastewater pipelines. According to specified drainage system in the planning, the drainage system in built-up areas will be still based on combined system but interceptors will be added so to reduce the wastewater pollution to Liujiang River. In new zones, the drainage system will be rain and wastewater diverging system, that is rainwater will be collected by trenches and be discharged into river course through nearby flood control gate.

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3. Investigation and Assessment of the Current Environmental Quality

3.1 Current Environmental Situation of Liuzhou City

The environmental assessment is to assess the current regional environmental quality of Liuzhou City based on the monitored statistics of the Environmental Quality Report of Liuzhou City in Guangxi (Year 2003).

3.1.1 Current Air Quality Condition

The air environmental quality of Liuzhou City is up to the level of grade two-three stipulated by the national Environmental Air Quality Standard (GB3093-1996). The two major pollutants of the city are sulfur dioxide and suspending particles. The pollution here is still soot-typed. Pollutant load is more severe in the first and last quarter of the year.

3.1.2 Water Environment

The monitoring data of water quality of Rongjiang and Liujiang rivers within the administration of Liuzhou City are both up to the Class III standard of national Surfacewater Environmental Quality Standard (GB3838-2002). The concentration of the sample monitoring items throughout the whole year has not exceeded the range of requirements. The two items of total phosphor and nitrogen and ammonia of the section at the fishing village of Luoqingjiang River is over-standard. The amount of total phosphor has once been over-standard in low water period, level water period and flood period. The over-standard-value rates of total phosphor in the three periods are 50%, 100% and 833% respectively. The amount of nitrogen and ammonia has been over-standard in level water period with the over-standard-value rate being 50%. The amount of other monitoring items and the items of Bainiaotan section has all reached the level of Class III standard of Surface water Environmental Quality Standard (GB3838-2002). The major pollutants of Rongjiang River in 2003 are total phosphor and potassium permanganate index, cadmium and total phosphor in Liujiang River and total phosphor, potassium permanganate index and nitrogen and ammonia in Luoqingjiang River.

As to the water quality of drinking water, all the items are up to the requirements stipulated in Drinking Water Sanitation Standard (GB5749-85) except for the coliform group and iron. Most of the groundwater has not been polluted yet. The polluted areas are mostly dot-spotted and polluted by organic pollutants. Most of the groundwater is polluted by living wastewater while the pollution in industrial zones appears to be focused on certain spots.

3.1.3 Acoustic Environment

The average equivalent noise level of first grade noise, second grade noise and third grade noise of the areas in Liuzhou city is within the standard limit of Urban Regional Environment Noise Standard (GB3096-93) in 2003. The accumulated equivalent noise level of the environmental noise of all the

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection 33 Liuzhou Environment Management Project - Wastewater Treatment Component districts in the city averages at 58.7db. The average equivalent noise level of road transportation noise is 69.8db. Such a level is within the standard limit of grade IV in Urban Regional Environment Noise Standard (GB3096-93).

3.1.4 Ecological environment

(1) Vegetation and animal resource The vegetation of Liuzhou city is the subtropical evergreen monsoon forest and can be divided into two kinds of vegetation types according to the distribution. One is in karst mountain region and the other is in sandshale coteau region.. The karst mountain region type vegetation includes evergreen broad-leaved forest, deciduous and broad-leaf mixed forest, and secondary shrub forest; The coteau region type vegetation includes coniferous forest, broadleaf forest, shrub forest , grass. Because the people and animals activity is frequent, most of natural vegetation has already been destroyed, the existing vegetation is made up of secondary vegetation and artificial vegetation now. There are 338 kinds of wild animal's remaining species within the Liuzhou territory, among them there are 27 kinds beasts, 51 kinds of birds, 26 kinds of reptiles, 9 kinds of amphibian animals, 113 kinds of fish, and more than 100 kinds of insect. Because of excessive catch, hunt and cut, the quantity and kind of the animals or plants reduced and some species have already exterminated.

(2) Investigation and assessment of the Liuzhou existing hydrophilous ecology According to the achievement of " Survey report of the fishery resources in the Zhu Jiang River water svstenm ", in the Liujiang water system, there is 58 genera of phytoplankton, belonging to 9 phylums, 12 classes and 26 orders. There is 134 species of zooplankton, belonging to 3 phylums, 4 classes and 75 genera. 66 species of bottom fauna were collected in the Liujiang water system. According to the record in " fish resource survey report of Liujiang, Guangxi ", the fish of Liujiang amount to 151 species (subspecies), belonging to 92 genera, 19 families and 8 orders. In the fish, Ostariophpsi type count up to 134 species, accounting for 85.4%, which form the main body of the fish in Liujiang. Among them, the carp is the most, amounting to 99 species, accounting for 63.4%t of all. This is the same with the composition of the fish in all main river system fish. In the next are loach's family and level-fin loachs. There are 11 and 9 species respectively, accounting for 7.1% and 5. 6%.

3.2 Existing water pollution sources

Liujiang is the main water source for industry and agriculture water and domestic water and source of water in Liuzhou. It is also the "end-result" of the wastewater of industry and agriculture and sanitary wastewater. The water pollution sources of Liujiang include two parts mainly: First, the pollution sources at the upstream of Liuzhou; Second, wastewater of industry and agriculture of Liuzhou and sanitary wastewater.

3.2.1 Pollution Sources at Upstream of the Liuzhou Reach of Liujiang River

Apart from residential pollution sources, major industrial pollution sources comes from such industries as sugar refinery, mineral processing, metallurgy, chemical, pharmaceutical, paper and starch. In the

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection 34 Liuzhou Environment Management Project - Wastewater Treatment Component past, water quality of the upstream water was relatively good because of relatively poor economic development in the upstream region, so the amount of discharged pollutants was small. However, with economic development over the past few years, the amount of various pollutants is on the rise. The concentration of pollutants of the upstream water goes higher and higher, especially the inflow of large amount of high concentration of organic wastewater from sugar refinery, paper mill and starch manufacturer and untreated wastewater into Liujiang River leading to the deterioration of water quality of Liujiang River, even large excess of organic pollutant factor than the standard, dramatic reduction of dissolved oxygen, waters becoming dark and smell with dead fish.

3.2.2 Pollution Sources in Liuzhou City

Liuzhou is one of key industrial cities in Guangxi.Major industries of Liuzhou include the metallurgy of non-ferrous and ferrous metals, automobiles, food, beverage, sugar refinery, textile, and machinery manufacturing. The GDP of the City (value of that year) comes to 23.031 billion yuan RMB (among which 17.952 billion yuan for urban area. The overall capacity of all water plants is 1.491 million t/d. Annual real water supply comes to 401.61 million tons (including the self-water supply of every enterprise). Among them, water for production is 265.36 million tons per year, water for residential area comes to 121.43 million ton per year with a population of 903,000 people. About 850,000 tons of wastewater is discharged every day, 270,000 tons of them are wastewater, accounting for 32% of total wastewater of the City. Because wastewater of Liuzhou City is discharged into waters without any treatment, the amount of annual discharged pollutants of Liuzhou City such as COD, NH3-N and BODS is relatively big. They are 82,000 tons, 10,800 tons and more than 30,000 tons respectively.

Due to historic reasons, urban infrastructure of Liuzhou, especially the city drainage system is not complete. Most of them adopt combined system. Most effluent and wastewater are discharged along the nearest ditches. And the construction of municipal drainage pipelines also follows the original drainage route. There is no unified drainage planning. As a result, the outlets of effluent and wastewater are everywhere in urban area. Industrial and agricultural effluent as well as wastewater of Liuzhou City flows into Liujiang Rivervia different ditches totaling 50. This is particularly the case at the bank of "Huandao" in the north of the City. More than 30 drainage ditches are concentrated on 9km section of the river beginning from Liuzhou Railway Bridge to the mouth of Huilonggou. Along the wastewater intercepting section of both the south and north branches of Zhuexi, more than 20 wastewater outlets are located along 10 km section of the stream within urban area. Many pollution belts, big or small, occur in the drinking water protected sections of Liujiang River due to the recklessly discharge of large amount of effluent and wastewater. In the dry season, sludge of the shallows along the bank exposes to the air, the flow is dominated by effluent, creating an environment for the propagation of mosquitoes and other harmful insects. This affects the water quality of the protected area for drinking water source of Liuzhou City and the performance of other functions. As a result, Zhuexi Creek becomes an out-and-out wastewater ditch, which is quite contrary to the title of Liuzhou as "a beautiful historic and cultural city". This has greatly affected sustainable economic and social development of Liuzhou.

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3.2.3 Investigation of water pollution sources in the service area of every wastewater treatment plant

3.2.3.1 Baisha wastewater treatment plant

Baisha wastewater treatment project mainly focuses on the construction of effluent interception pipelines along the river, which direct the effluent of 29 drainage ditches such as Guangya Canal, Qiaojiaxiang Canal, Shuguangbeiyixiang Canal, Xiaonan Canal, Liujxin Canal, Liujianglu Canal, Danan Canal, Zhihuiqiao Canal, Dongmen Canal, Dongtaixiao Canal, Dongtai Canal, Shiweinan Canal, Sanzhong Canal, Sanqiao Canal, Huangcun Canal, Jinxiu Canal, Baisha Canal, Yuejin Canal and Shengli Canal to the vicinity of the mouth of Huilonggou in Baisha Village. The collected effluent is treated at Baisha Wastewater Treatment Plant and meets discharging standard before flowing into Liujiang River. The range of service area includes western part of Chengzhong District of Liuzhou and southem part of Liubei District.

(1) The west of the Chengzhong District The center district of the city is located in the urban middle part and east, have jurisdiction over the willow east town and 5 subdistrict offices, there are 18 communities (residents committee), 6 administrative villages, and the whole area in the administrative division is 77. 675 sq. km. , more than 120,000 of total people at the end of 2002 (non-agricultural population 8 among them. 950,000 people)iaxiang Canal, Shuguangyixiang Canal, Xiaonan Canal, Liuxin Canal, Liujianglu Canal, Danan Canal, Wenhuiqiao Canal, Dongmen Canal, DongtaiXiao Canal, Dongtai Canal, Shiweinan Canal, Sanzhong Canal, Sanqiao Canal and Huangcun Canal.

(2) The south of the Liubei district Liubei district lies in the north of Liuzhou urban area, governing four towns including Changtang, Shatang, Shibeiping an Luobu, two townships including Huangcun an Bailu and 5 subdistrict offices. There are 37 communities (residents committee) and 37 administrative villages. The whole area in the administrative division is 320. 886 sq. km with the total population more than 314,400 (among them, the non-agricultural population is 274,800) at the end of 2002. Liubei District is an industrial area. According to the requirements of Liuzhou master Planning of Urban Development, the industrial effluent of Liubei District ( it represent the drainage ditch downstream Sanqiao) does not enter urban system. The effluent of each enterprise must be treated and meet discharge standards before separate diverting to Liujiang River. There are 3.92 km2 in this service area with a population of about 50,000. About 20,000 tons of wastewater occurs in the service area of Liubei District every day. And about 14,000 tons of industrial effluent is intercepted to Baisha Wastewater Treatment Plant for treatment. Major enterprises within the service area are Liuzhou Brewery, Liuzhou Enamel Plant, Liuzhou Window Screening Plant, Liuzhou Oil Manufacturer, No.2 Oil Manufacturer, Liuzhou Jinsangzi Pharmaceutical Manufacturer and Liuzhou No.2 Textile Plant. Table 3-2-1 shows the discharge of effluent of each enterprise. Table 3-2-2 presents the information about effluent discharge of major ditches in service area.

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Table 3-2-1 Effluents of Major Industrial Enterprises within Service Area of Baisha Wastewater

Treatment Plant

Discharge of Major Pollutants Narne of Effluent _____ NO. BODs CODcr SS Enterprises (tVd) Remark mg/L Kg/d mg/L Kg/d mg/L Kg/d 1 Brewery 2871 688 1976 1418 4071 1756 5043 2 Enamel plant 1547 61 94 122 188 367 568 Window screen 3 138 682 95 1363 188 193 27 plant 4 Oil manufacturer 344 181 62 448 154 368 127 5 Knit mnill 504 161 81 322 162 183 92 6 Jinsangzi 544 72 39.2 178 97 184 100 7 No.2 Textile 2212 5.3 12 13 29 10 21 Total 8160 2359.2 4889 5978

Table 3-2-2 Wastewater discharged from Major Drainage Ditches within Service Area

Name of Drainage Q BOD5 CODcr SS NH3-N Canal (m3/d) mg8L kg/d mg/L kg/d mg/L kg/d mg/L kg/d Guangya Trunk 1 Guangya Trunkl18500 55 1018 118 2183 106 1961 16.24 300.44 Canal

2 Cangl 5880 52 306 106 623 81 476 33.60 197.57 Canal Dongtai Branch. . 3 Donai 7690 71 546 159 1223 100 769 20.12 154.72 Canal Shiweinan Branch 4 5880 71 418 118 694 106 623 15 88.2 Cana Sanzhong Trunk 5 Sanal 13700 71 973 159 2178 73 1000 16.92 231.80 Canal Huangcun Trunk 6 Canal 9420 350 3297 645 6076 422 3975 15 141.3 Canal

7 JinxiuTrunkCanal 5565 191 1063 578 3217 76 423 6.1 33.95 8 Yuejin Trunk Canal 13725 152 2086 317 4351 68 933 13.3 182.54 9 Shengli Trunk Canal 5175 31 160 74 383 72 373 12.4 64.17 10 Baisha Trunk Canal 2700 32 86 70 189 65 176 9.25 24.98 11 Other 19 canals 11441 71 812 118 1350 106 1213 15 171.62 Total 99676 108 10765 225 22467 120 11922 16 1591.3 We can see from Table 3-2-2 that among the 29 drainage ditches, there are 9 ditches(from No. 1 to 9) with great discharge amount. Based on the water quality analytical results, it can be seen that except Huangcun Trunk Canal, Jinxiu Trunk Canal and Yuejin Trunk Canal, the pollutant concentration of all other drainage ditches can meet the designed inflow water standard of Baisha Wastewater Treatment Plant. While the pollution concentration of the effluent from Liuzhou Brewery, Liuzhou Oil Manufacturer and other enterprises is quite high. Such effluent is discharged into Huangcun Canal.

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Therefore, the water pollutants of Huangcun Village are featured with high concentration. Relatively high concentration of pollutants in Jinxiu Canal and Yuejin Canal is the result of high concentration effluent discharged from the industrial enterprises in southern part of Liubei District. In general, the mixed concentration of pollutants of the collected effluents at Baisha Wastewater Treatment Plant coming from 29 drainage ditches is not high, with 108mg/L for BOD5 , 225mg/L for CODcr and 120mg/L for SS. Under normal conditions, it meets the designed inflow water standard of Baisha Wastewater Treatment Plant.

Domestic wastewater within service area accounts for about 83% of the total wastewater (industrial effluents excludes the production effluent of the manufacturing area of Liuzhou Zinc Product Co., Ltd. and the effluent from Liuzhou No.2 Paper Manufacturer). The proportion of the intercepted industrial effluent and wastewater is about 1:5.

3.2.3.2 Longquanshan Wastewater Treatment Plant

(1) General Circumstances of Water Pollution Sources At present, the drainage network of Hexi and Henan Districts is mainly composed of Liuxi Canal, Liusshi Canal, Rongjun Canal, Cheliangchang Canal and Bazhong Canal as well as over 70 sub-canals forming the drainage system. The total length of all the canals and sub-canals is more than 70,000 meters.

Rain water and wastewater of Hexi (west of the river) area pass Mucaichang Ditch, Liuxi Canal and Zhuexi Creek that collects the wastewater from each sub-canal and flow into Liujinag River. The main canal is Cheliangchang Canal that originates from Hepinglu in the west, passing Xihuanlu, Motanlu and Hongqiaolu before it flows into Liujiang River. Whereas the rain water and wastewater of Henan (south of the river) area pass Liushi Canal, Rongjun Canal and Bazhong Canal and converge at the south of No.2 Cement Plant at liaoyuanlu, then pass Longquanshan and Liushi Canal before flowing into Liujiang River. But those from the belt area at Henan Bridge and along the south bank of Liujiang River will pass Guangming Canal branch, Jiangbin Canal branch, Hongfeng Canal branch, Zhaojiajing Canal branch and Huafeng Canal branch and then flow into Liujiang River. At present, the phase I of Liuzhou Longquanshan Wastewater Treatment Plant has been put into operation with the capacity of 100,000 m3/d. In order to solve the pollution problem of drinking water source of Liuzhou, Liuzhou city authority has constructed the Henan area and Hexi area wastewater collecting systems for Liuzhou Longquanshan Wastewater Treatment Plant. They collect the wastewater from Liuxi Canal, Zhuexi, Guangmin Sun-canal, Jiangbin Sub-canal, Hongfeng Subcanal, Zhaojiajing Sub-canal and Huafeng Sub-canal into Liushi Canal. After treatment by the facilities built at the second construction stage in Longquanshan Wastewater Treatment Plant, the effluent meets the standard and flows into Liujiang River.

(2) Major Water Pollution Sources and Pollution Control of the Service Area The service targets of the first stage construction project of Longquanshan Wastewater Treatment Plant aims at serving various pollution sources from Liuxi Canal, Zhuexi Creek, Liunan Canal and Huafengwan that flow into Liushi Canal before interception. They mainly include the wastewater from Liuzhou Paint Manufacturer, Liuzhou Pharmaceutical Manufacturer, Liuzhou MSG Manufacturer, No. I Candy Manufacturer, Rubber Plant, Switch Plant, Alloy Material Manufacturer, Magnetic Motor

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Manufacturer, Instrument Plant, Rectifier Plant, Liuzhou Machinery, Printing Paper Manufacturer, Construction Machinery Plant, Clock Manufacturer, Shuangma Electric Appliance Manufacturer, Worker's Hospital, No.2 People's Hospital, Rongjun Hospital, Longquanshan Hospital, Longtan Hospital, Pingshan Hotel, Donghua Hotel, Wanlong Hotel, Jinyang Hotel and the wastewater from each residential area of Liunan District. The amount of the wastewater is about 100,000 m3 /d.

(3) Major Water Pollution Sources and Pollution Control of the Service Area of Longquanshan Wastewater Treatment Plant According to "Overall Urban Development Planning of Liuzhou City" and the Project Proposal. Longquanshan Wastewater Treatment Plant of Liuzhou mainly aims at serving such areas as Liunan, Liuxinan and Liudongnan. They fall into the jurisdiction of Liunan District and Yufeng District in terms of administrative region.

Liunan district lies in the west and southwest of the city zone of Liuzhou, governing Taiyangcun Town, Xi'e township and 6 subdistrict offices. There are 45 communities (residents committee) and 20 administrative villages. The whole area in the administrative division is 168.75 sq. km with the total population 270,300 (among them, the non-agricultural population is 246,500) at the end of 2002. Yufeng district lies in the southeast of the city zone, governing Yangjiaoshan Town and 5 subdistrict offices. There are 43 communities (residents committee) and 5 administrative villages. The whole area in the administrative division is 91 sq. km with the total population 213,300 (among them, the non-agricultural population is 203,300) at the end of 2002. In 2002, the GPD of the whole district was 1,250 million yuan.

With the service area are mainly the industrial area, the railway pivot, the center of urban storage and transport, the old airport development zone, Jilong development zone. The main large-scale industrial enterprise are Liuzhou engineering machinery Limited Company, Wuling automobile Limited Companies of Shanghai Tongyong Automobile Factory, Liuzhou Wuling automobile limited

company , Dongfeng automobile Co., Ltd. of Liuzhou (including the 2nd base and the 3rd base) , the Liuzhou machine factory, Liuzhou locomotive and coach wagon factory . The wastewater discharged by the main industrial enterprises within the serve area accounts for about 30% of the total discharge amount of the area.

3.2.3.3 Yanghe wastewater treatment plant

The service areas of Yanghe Wastewater Treatment Plant of Liuzhou City include Yanghe (Industrial) Development Zone and Liudong Area (within the caatchment of Hedong Canal, belonging to the eastern part of Chengzhong District. It includes Liuzhong High- and New- Technology Development Zone and Jinglan Development Zone and so on) of Liuzhou City.

The overall planning objective of the Liuzhou Yanghe (Industrial) Development Zone: focusing on automobile, machinery industry including engineering machines and general machines. At the same time, it vigorously develops high- and new- technological industries such as mechanical and electrical manufacturing, bio-pharmaceuticals, environmental protection and electronic information, supported by logistics, finance, insurance, service, commerce, residential building and entertainment facilities.

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Enviromnental Protection 39 Liuzhou Environment Management Project - Wastewater Treatment Component

The total planned control area of Yanghe development zone is 20.37 sq.km. (including 5.13 sq.km of spare industrial development zone industry at the east of the expressway). The area of urban construction land is 17. 86 sq. km. (including 4 sq. km urban construction land). The total population is 800,000. Major industrial enterprises within the service area are Liuzhou Metallurgy Plant, Gutingshan Paper Manufacturer, Liuzhou Dongfeng Chemical Co., Ltd., Lida (Liuzhou) Chemical Limited Company, Liuzhou Food Manufacturer, Liuzhou Child Food Manufacturer, Liuzhou Electric Chemicals Plant, Liuzhou Cigarette Manufacturer, No.434 Plant and so on.

3.2.3.4 Labao wastewater Treatment Plant

Liujiang County is a county under the administration of Liuzhou City and is only 11 km from downtown Liuzhou City. Labao Town is the place where Liujing People's Government locates, and the political, economic and cultural center. The area of the finished downtown district is 9.82 km2 with a population of over 500,000. With the construction of the first, second, third, fourth industrial development zones and Jilong Development Zone, more than 100 township enterprises, collective enterprises and private enterprises. The existing industries including sugar refinery, pharmaceuticals, textile, metallurgy, construction materials and machinery have made great progress. In 2002, the total value of industry output of the whole county is 3,014 million yuan, and the GDP of the whole year reach 2,942 million yuan.

From Wulun Bridge to Jilong Village, the river passes 6 villages. They are as the followings: (I) Bocun drainage ditch: It mainly discharges the effluents from Labao Sugar Refinery, industrial enterprises from Bocun and geological team region and wastewater from fish ponds as well as domestic wastewater. (2) Xintian drainage ditch: It mainly discharges the effluents and domestic wastewater from the enterprises and vehicle washing stations in and around Xintian village. (3) Hejia drainage ditch: it mainly discharges the effluents and domestic wastewater from commercial and service industry as well as domestic wastewater. (4) Labao village drainage ditch: it mainly discharges domestic wastewater and effluents from pig farm. (5) County Hospital drainage ditch: it mainly discharges effluents and domestic wastewater from the area surrounding the county hospital. (6) Jiandu drainage ditch: it mainly discharges the effluents and domestic wastewater from Jiandu Development Zone, agricultural produce market and domestic wastewater. Because serious pollution occurs in Jiuqu Stream and Mao Stream in the past few years, Liuzhou authority has monitored water quality of each outlet along Jiuqu Stream. In this investigation, the monitoring result of low-water sesason in 2002 and 2003 was analyzed. The basic information is listed in Table 3-2-3 to 3-2-5.

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Table 3-2-3 Monitoring results of the pollutant concentration of drainage ditches along Jiuqu Stream

No. Monitor Q SS COD BOD5 NH3 -N P LAS Oils point m3 /h pH mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L Ditch at Max 155 7.05 69 380 167 5.30 0.708 0.05 1.25 SR Avg. 166 7.28 65 200 91 3.46 0.537 0.033 2.464

MD of Nla% 346 7.25 63 312 137 3 58 0.684 0 027 I, 7 2 Bocun Avg. 342 7.48 107 132 55 4.28 0.514 0.033 4.31 Ditch of Max 48 7.85 886 1045 470 41.4 4.34 3.38 28.2 3 XV Avg. 48 7.86 474 448 177 24.29 2.61 3.59 26.33 4 Hejia Max 162 7.56 88 367 148 55.70 5.33 4.76 9.15 Ditch Avg. 120 7.41 99 312 123 40.67 4.62 3.00 9.27

CH NMax 52 7.95 140 36B 185 44.1 3.56 2 70 5 ti) Ditch Avg. 46 7.83 145 302 128 53.7 4.31 2.68 7.67 Max 185 7.66 145 919 338 81.7 6.32 0.664 12 4 6 JD Ditch 6___ Avg. 125 7.77 224 466 194 80.7 6.31 0.68 18.41 Note: Inly the maximum and average value of polutaant concentration were listed. Note: SR refers to sugar refinery; MD refers to Mixed ditch; XV refers to Xintian Village;CH refers to county hospital;JD refers to Jiandu Table 3-2-4 Monitoring results of the pollutant discharge mount of drainage ditches along Jiuqu

Stream (maximum)

No. Monitor Q SS COD BOD5 NH3 -N P LAS Oils point m3/h Kg/d Kg/d Kg/d Kg/d Kg/d Kg/d Kg/d

I Ditch at SR 155 256.68 1413.6 621.24 19.72 2.63 0.19 4.65 2 MDofBocun 346 523.15 2590.9 113765 7225 5.6S 0 51 . 3 Ditch of XV 48 1020.67 1203.84 541.44 47.69 5.00 3.89 32.48 4 Hejia Ditch 162 342.14 1426.90 575.42 216.56 20.72 18.51 35.58 5 CH Di,ch 52 174.72 459.26 230.8S 55.04 4 44 3 3' 1i `3' 6 JD Ditch 185 643.8 4080.36 1500.72 362.75 28.06 2.95 55.06 Total 948 2961.16 11174.86 4607.35 774.01 66.53 29.12 166.48 Total (g/s) 34.27 129.34 53.33 8.96 0.77 0.34 1.93 Table 3-2-5 Monitoring results of the pollutant discharge mount of drainage ditches along Jiuqu

Stream (average)

No. Monitor Q SS COD BOD5 NH3-N P LAS Oils point m3 /h Kg/d Kg/d Kg/d Kg/d Kg/d Kg/d Kg/d 1 Ditch atSR 166 258.96 796.80 362.54 13.78 2.14 0.13 9.82 2 MD of Bocun 342 878.26 1083.46 451.44 35.13 4.22 0.27 35.38 3 Ditch of XV 48 546.05 516.10 203.90 27.98 3.01 4.14 30.33 4 Hejia Ditch 120 285.12 898.56 354.24 117.13 13.31 8.64 26.70 5 CH Ditch 46 160.08 333.41 141.31 59.28 4.76 2.96 8.47 6 JD Ditch 125 672.00 1398.00 582 242.1 18.93 2.04 55.23 Total 847 2800.47 5026.33 2095.43 495.4 46.37 18.18 165.93 Total (g/s) 32.41 58.18 24.25 5.76 0.54 0.21 1.92

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There is Labao sugar mill within the service area of Labao wastewater treatment plant. Its effluent discharge status is shown in Table 3-2-6. The domestic wastewater accounts for about 75% of all wastewater.

Table 3-2-6 Effluents of Major Industrial and Mining Enterprises within Service Area of Labao WwTP

Wastewater the content of main pollutant

No. Enterprise amount BOD5 CODcr SS NH3 -N (t/d) mg/L Kg/d mg/L Kgld mg/L Kg/d mgtL Kgld Remark I Labao sugar mill 5016 77 388.8 156 782.4 53.3 268.8 5.3 26.71 accident 2 Labao sugar mill 5016 43 216 83 417.6 30 151.2 3.46 17.44 Normal

3.2.4 Current Status of the Pollution Sources of Zhuexi

(1) Distribution of Drainage Outlets and the of Wastewater Source South branch There are nearly 20 effluent outlets within the wastewater interception area. Most industrial effluent is discharged mixed with domestic wastewater and there is hardly any separate outlet for industrial effluent. The main sources of the wastewater are: The 2nd base of Liuzhou Automobile Factory, Liuzhou High School, Regional Normal School, Automobile Repairman Shop, Jilong Development Zone, Regional Forestry Capital Construction Company, Forestry Carton Plant, Kanghua Development Zone, Municipal Freezer Factory, Glass Factory, Durable Material Factory, Municipal Paper Mill, Automobile Gear Central Factory, the Liuyi Road zone (including Local Product Company, agriculture chemical warehouse, Municipal Minitype Electrical Machinery Plant, Liuzhou Material Factory, Liunan Slaughterhouse, Railway East Station and the west part), the zone of Liuzhou Railway Bureau Dairy , Liuzhou 1st High School, the zone of Liunan patrol and Yongqian Road, the east of Passenger Dept of Liuzhou of Liuzhou Railway Bureau (including Post Office and the garage), Caiyuantun, the zone of twenty-first Middle School, Wenbi Road, Chengzhan Road, Xinfeng Road, Hongguang Road, Hongguang District, the west of Feie Road, Central Hospital of Liuzhou Railway Bureau, Worker's Cultural Palace of Liuzhou Railway Bureau, Newspaper Office of Liuzhou Railway Burea and the west part, 3rd Elementary School of Liuzhou Railway Burea, 5th Elementary School of Liuzhou Railway Burea, Liuzhou Railway Burea, the zone of Liuzhou Designing Institute, Project brick and tile factory of Liuzhou Railway Bureau and the south area.

North branch For the north branch of Zhuexi, the main sources of the industrial wastewater are: Liuzhou Engineering Machine Factory, Liuzhou Locomotive and Coach Wagon Factory, Municipal slaughtering and meat processing plant, Municipal Steel Recast Factory, Municipal facility factory, Municipal ceramics factory , Liuzhou Railway Bureau project Engineering materials factory, Municipal glucose factory , Wood preservation factory of Liuzhou Railway Bureau and so on. Except for above-mentioned sources, domestic wastewater also comes from the flowing sources: Xie Township, Longtun Village, the zone of Liuzhou Railway Bureau Party school, Daeshan, Xiaoeshan,

Eshan food market, 2nd Middle School of Railway Bureau , Transports school of Railway Bureau, Driver School, Police School, the living zone of Liuzhou minitype automobile factory, Wuling Hotel,

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Xihuan Road and Motan Road (including the zhongshan city garden), Hexi Primary School , Liuzhou Railway Bureau measure, and the zone of Shangyou Road.

(2) Existing water pollution According to the distribution of effluent outlets, the focus of effluent outlet investigation of Zhuexi Catchment is on the south and north effluent interception sections. This section of targeted stream lasts more than 10 km. Over 20 effluent outlets have been investigated. Some monitoring data of August of 2000 is utilized in this investigation and monitoring activity. However, some make-up monitoring work has been made to major outlets, or those with change and to monitoring cross-sections. The monitoring results of outlets are shown in Table 3-2-7 and the water quality monitoring results of sections of Zhuexi Creek are shown in Table 3-2-8.

In addition, in order to understand upstream water replenishment of both the south and north branches of Zhuexi Creek, we set up 7 cross-sections at Niuba Bridge, Railway bridge tunnel at Zhu'e Village. Longtun Village upstream the branches; underneath Heping Bridge mid-downstream, end of the south branch, end of the north branch and joining point of the south and north branches to monitor the tlow of Zhuexi Creek. The findings show that the average flow of Zhuexi Creek is about 160,000 m3/d. While the flow of wastewater comes to about 103,000 m3/d, about 25,000 m3/d of them are industrial effluents. Upstream inflow and spring replenishment within the area surpass 50,000 m3 /d. Wastewater accounts for nearly 80% of the total amount of waster water.

3 Table 3-2-7 Monitoring results of effluent outlets in Zhuexi Catchment (Unit: Kg/d, Q: m /h)

NO. Monitoring points Q SS COD BODs NH3 -N P 1 General drainage ditch at Gongchengchang 140.36 370.59 444.71 128.02 24.46 1.69 2 Cheliangchang 450 1252.80 745.20 324.00 77.98 5.18 3 At Heping Bridge 9 18.79 32.40 10.80 5.59 0.38 4 South of Meitaochang 582 3380.26 3492.00 1396.80 282.15 33.52 5 Pump station of Liutie Steel Plant 25 85.80 93.00 28.80 20.22 1.70 6 Small bridge at Eshan market 43 187.82 224.98 78.43 27.24 1.34 7 Bridge at Liutie Measuring Institute 8 18.05 11.14 3.84 2.38 0.20 8 Kanghua Development Zone 1163 3572.74 6978 2260.87 413.00 34.33 9 Near the Refrigerator factory 400 1017.60 854.40 34.56 69.31 4.61 10 Near the Glass Factory 120 302.40 227.52 112.32 21.66 1.30 11 Near Refractory Factory 50 126.00 94.80 46.80 9.03 0.54 12 Near Paper Factory 80 280.32 903.04 172.80 35.71 4.70 13 Sub-canal of the used refrigerator factory 100 350.40 628.80 216.00 44.64 5.88 14 Dongzhan Sub-canal 200 676.80 566.40 201.60 67.68 8.74 15 Yongqianlu No.1 District 20 77.76 132.48 50.40 12.72 '.ll 16 Nanzhanlu No.3 District 300 1720.80 1807.20 684.00 149.76 18.72 17 No. 21 Middle School 180 838.08 570.24 181.44 74.30 6.83 18 South to Yinxing Shopping Mall 15 75.96 95.40 30.88 7.42 1.15 19 Hongguang sub-canal 150 759.60 954.00 308.80 74.16 11.52 20 Nanzhan flyover 184 393.02 552.00 185.47 37.32 2.65 21 Dongmen bridge 330 720.72 1251.36 419.76 150.48 14.57 22 Others 400 2025.60 2544.00 1036.80 197.76 30.72 Total 4949.36 18251.91 23203.07 7913.19 1804.97 191.38

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Table 3-2-8 Monitoring results of water quality of Zhuexi creek unit: mg/L

Monitoringitems CODcr BOD5 NH3-N N0 2 -N N03 -N TP SS Cr6+ PH Pb Cd Monitoring section Zhue Village 69 25 4.76 0.062 1.20 0.70 22 <0.004 7.45 <0.05 <0.005 Niuba Bridge 39 12 2.70 0.038 2.10 0.10 18 <0.004 7.46 <0.05 <0.005 End of south branch 155 53 9.93 0.076 0.79 0.97 86 <0.004 7.62 <0.05 <0.005 Longtun foot bridge 93 29 1.94 0.138 1.00 0.20 84 <0.004 7.06 <0.05 <0.005 Tieer middle school 108 35 5.28 0.114 3.54 0.30 86 <0.004 7.53 <0.05 <0.005 End of north branch 130 43 11.4 0.074 0.56 0.87 82 <0.004 7.51 <0.05 <0.005 River inlet 142 48 10.2 0.075 0.63 0.93 60 <0.004 7.35 <0.05 <0.005 Vstandard limit (S) of surface 40 10 2.0 0.4 0.1 6-9 0.1 0.01 environmental water quality

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3.3 Surface water quality assessment

(1)monitoring items

According to the features of discharged pollutants in the project, Ph, permanganate index, BOD5, SS and NH3 -N are chosen as monitoring items of environmental water quality status.

(2)monitoring section distribution and sampling approach (Dmonitoring section distribution and sampling approach in Liujiang river 1*-1" 0.5 km upstream of convergence of Liujiang lumber plant drain ( Suangcong bridge section) 2#-2# 0.5 km upstream of Zhuexi creek convergence (iron bridge section) 3"-3# 0.8 km downstream of Zhuexi creek convergence (Liounan water plant section) 4#-4# 0.5 km upstream of outlet of Baisha Wastewater Treatment Plant 5# -5 1 km downstream of outlet of Baisha Wastewater Treatment Plant 60-6# Liujiang Jinglang pump station 7# -7 0.5 km upstream of outlet of Longquanshang Wastewater Treatment Plant 8#-8# 1 km downstream of outlet of Liujiang Longquanshang Wastewater Treatment Plant 9# -9# 0.5 km upstream of Yanghe Wastewater Treatment Plant 1O0-l10 1 km downstream of outlet of Yanghe Wastewater Treatment PlantI 1 0 -11 1lOkm downstream of outlet of Yanghe Wastewater Treatment Plant because the width of the river is bigger than 50m, there will be three sampling perpendiculars, representing left, middle and right in each section. The water depth is 1-Sm and the sampling point is 0.5m below the water surface for each perpendicular.

®sampling for monitoring at Zhuexi creek and Jiuqu river 12#-12# upstream start cross-section of south branch in Zhuexi creek 13#-13# 0.5 km upstream of convergence of south branch and north branch 14# -14# upstream start cross-section of north branch in Zhuexi creek 15#-154 0.5 km downstream of convergence of south branch and north branch 16#-16# 0.5 km upstream of outlet of Labao Wastewater Treatment Plant (north branch of Jiuqu river) 17#-17# 1 km upstream of outlet of Labao Wastewater Treatment Plant (north branch of Jiuqu river) 18#- 18# 3 km downstream of outlet of Labao Wastewater Treatment Plant Because the width of the river is less than 50m, so sampling point will be 1/3 of surface water width away from the each bank in the sampling section. Water depth is less than Im. Sampling point will be deeper than 0.3m below the surface water and also above 0.3m to the river bed. Monitoring section distribution is in figure 3-3-1

(3)monitoring time and frequency In low water period of Dec. 2003 to Feb. 2004, 3-day monitoring sampling was carried out.

(4)monitoring analysis method Related regulation will take reference of Environmental monitoring technique criterion and water and waste water monitoring analysis method issued by SEPA .

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(5)Assessment method Standard index method of single water quality parameter was used for assessment Standard index of single water quality parameter i at point j:

Sj Cj= Ci standard index of PH[D

SPH. 7 .=-pH pH j 7.0

pH -7.0 pH,, P H5U -7.0 pHj > 7.0

(PHSUis higher limit of standard, PH,dis lower limit of standard) Standard index of water quality is higher than 1, which shows the water quality parameter has exceeded the regulated water quality standard and can't meet the requirement of use. The more the standard index is, the greater the pollution is. The smaller the standard index is, the less the water is polluted. (6)monitoring results The monitoring results of water quality in each monitoring section are in following table 3-3-1, 3-3-2 table 3-3-2 monitoring results of water quality of Zhuexi creek and Jiuqu river

Monitoring items CODcr Permanganate BODs SS Ammonia PH index nitrogen Monitoring poin mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L Zhuexi creek 12# 7.46 39 15.6 12 18 2.70 ZhL]e\l creek I .f 7.62 155 62.0 53 86 9.93 Zhuexi creek I14 7 X,1 130 52.0 43 82 11.4 Zhtie .. Lreek I5# 2 35 14' 56.8 48 60 II.2 Jiuqu river 16# 7.95 7.9 2.8 Id 16.7 0.49

iuqtI ri'. er '# 7.80 C)() 3.6 3.() 36.3 1.84 JlLqulii.er . 7IS# 6.0 24 3.11 1.26 III caJeg,,r, %%aier 6.9 -- n6 •4 •1.0

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Table 3-3-1 monitoring results of water quality of Liujiang river

Monitoring PH Permanganate BOD5 SS Ammonia index mg/L mg/L nitrogen monitoring point mg/L mg/L left 7.55 1.5 Not detected 5 0.34

-1#-I middle 7.57 1.2 Not detected 5 0.35 right 7.56 1.6 Not detected 5 0.35 left 7.93 1.5 Not detected 6 0.45 2#-2# middle 7.93 1.2 Not detected 5 0.40 right 7.93 1.8 Not detected 8 0.52 left 8.00 2.8 2.0 16 0.57 3#-3# middle 7.89 1.5 Not detected 15 0.41 right 7.59 3.1 2.0 18 0.65 Class II water quality 6-9 •4 •3 <0.5 standard left 7.57 1.9 Not detected 28 0.23 4#-4# middle 7.56 1.2 Not detected 18 0.20 right 7.58 1.5 Not detected 20 0.22 left 7.75 5.2 2.1 47 1.37 5#-5# middle 7.78 5.2 2.1 39 1.03 right 7.76 4.4 2.0 35 0.62 left 7.66 2.0 Not detected 36 0.806 6#-6' middle 7.65 1.9 Not detected 10 0.806 right 7.75 2.0 Not detected 11 0.702 left 7.89 2.72 2.0 11 0.506 7#-7# middle 7.81 2.72 2.0 9 0.603 right 7.75 2.4 2.0 14 0.615 left 7.78 2.7 Not detected 14 0.770 8 -8# middle 7.79 3.5 2.2 35 0.980 right 7.81 4.6 3.0 49 1.75 left 7.75 2.2 2.0 21 0.652 9# # middle 7.73 2.3 2.0 30 0.698 right 7.71 2.3 2.0 39 0.705 left 7.75 2.4 Not detected 25 0.632 lo--0l middle 7.74 2.1 Not detected 20 0.650 right 7.73 2.3 2.0 35 0.702 left 7.79 2.2 Not detected 18 0.413 i1l-11 middle 7.72 2.3 Not detected 15 0.423 right 7.74 2.2 2.0 16 0.434 Class III water quality 6-9 •6 •4 •1 l.0 standard

(7) Current water environment assessment

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Use single factor standard index for assessment, the assessment results for each monitoring factor at monitoring point during monitoring period are in flowing table 3-3-3 and table 3-3-4. From tables, by the impact of Lioubei trunk canal (Huilong ditch), Lioushi trunk canal etc., there exist apparent pollution belts along the bank of Liujiang river near each outfall. The major pollution factor is ammonia nitrogen. By the impact of industrial wastewater and domestic wastewater of Labao county, there also exists pollution phenomenon for the water quality of Jiuqu river and Maohe river during the low water season. The major water pollution factor is also ammonia nitrogen. Because of the impact of industrial wastewater and domestic wastewater in the flowing region, there exists serious pollution phenomenon for each monitoring factor in Zhuexi creek. Table 3-3-3 Current water environment assessment results for water quality in the Liujiang

river( pollutant index)

monitoring item PH Permanganate BOD5 SS Ammonia index mg/L mg/L mg/L nitrogen Monitoring point mg/L left 0.28 0.38 0.33 0.25 0.68

1#Il middle 0.29 0.30 0.33 0.25 0.70 right 0.28 0.40 0.33 0.25 0.70 left 0.47 0.38 0.33 0.30 0.90 2#-2# middle 0.47 0.30 0.33 0.25 0.80 right 0.47 0.45 0.33 0.40 1.04 left 0.50 0.70 0.67 0.80 1.14 3#-3# middle 0.45 0.38 0.33 0.75 0.82 right 0.30 0.78 0.67 0.90 1.30 left 0.29 0.32 0.25 0.93 0.23 4#-4# middle 0.28 0.20 0.25 0.60 0.20 right 0.29 0.25 0.25 0.67 0.22 left 0.38 0.87 0.53 1.57 1.37 5#-5# middle 0.39 0.87 0.53 1.30 1.03 right 0.38 0.73 0.50 1.17 0.62 left 0.33 0.33 0.25 1.20 0.81 6#-6# middle 0.33 0.32 0.25 0.33 0.81 right 0.38 0.33 0.25 0.37 0.70 left 0.45 0.45 0.50 0.37 0.51 7#-7# middle 0.41 0.45 0.50 0.30 0.50 right 0.38 0.40 0.50 0.47 0.62 left 0.39 0.45 0.25 0.47 0.77 8#-8# middle 0.40 0.58 0.55 1.17 0.98 right 0.41 0.77 0.75 1.63 1.75 left 0.38 0.37 0.50 0.70 0.65 9#-9# middle 0.37 0.38 0.50 1.00 0.70 right 0.36 0.38 0.50 1.30 0.71 left 0.38 0.40 0.25 0.83 0.63 10#-I On middle 0.37 0.35 0.25 0.67 0.65 right 0.37 0.38 0.50 1.17 0.70 left 0.40 0.37 0.25 0.60 0.41 I Ie middle 0.36 0.38 0.25 0.50 0.42 right 0.37 0.37 0.50 0.53 0.43

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Table 3-3-4 Current water environment assessment results for water quality in Zhuexi creek and

Jiuqu river (pollutant index)

moioing mon itern PH COD Permanganate BODs SS Ammonia Monitorg poit ite PHmCODC,index nitrogen Zhuexi creek 12# 0.23 1.95 2.60 3.00 0.60 2.70 Zhuexi creek 13# 0.31 7.75 10.33 13.25 2.87 9.93 Zhuexi creek 14# 0.26 6.50 8.67 10.75 2.73 11.40 Zhuexi creek 15# 0.18 7.10 9.47 12.00 2.00 10.20 Jiuqu river 16# 0.48 0.40 0.47 0.25 0.56 0.49 Jiuqu river 17# 0.40 0.45 0.60 0.75 1.21 1.84 Jiuqu river 18# 0.38 0.30 0.40 0.53 1.03 1.26

3.4 Current air quality assessment

(1) monitoring items According to the feature of pollutant in the project and ambient environment, the monitoring items for this environmental air quality are H2S, NH3 and concentration of odor, together with normal factors such as TSP, SO2, NO2 and so on.

(2) monitoring points distribution In this status quo monitoring, two sites will be set for two monitoring points respectively in each Component. (See figure 3-4-1, figure 3-4-2 figure 3-4-3, figure 3-4-4 and figure 3-4-5)

(3) monitoring time and frequency Monitoring time is July 1, 2004 to July 5, 2004, 5 days altogether. Sampling time each day is 8:00, 10:00, 12:00 and 14:00, 4 times altogether. At the same time, record temperature, wind direction, wind speed and related data

(4) sampling analysis approach Environmental air quality monitoring will use state standard approach and analysis approach takes reference of table 8 in pollutant discharge standard for municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant (GB 18918-2002).

(5) monitoring results Statistic weather records and monitoring results are in table 3-4-1-3-4-3 during monitoring period.

(6) Current environment assessment Oassessment method use single pollutant index for current air quality assessment, the computation formula is:

p= Ci in the formula: Pi - Cuigle pollutant index of pollutant i; Ci - average concentration of pollutant i (mg/m3') C, - the assessment standard of pollutant i (mg/mi3 )

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(®)assessment results The pollutant index for each monitoring item is in following table 3-4-4. Table 3-4-1 weather data for air quality monitoring date item Air temperature Air pressure Wind direction Wind speed time \ ('C) (hpa) (m/s) 8:00 27 995 E 0.7 July 1, 2004 10:00 30 996 SE 0.6 12:00 32 998 calm 0 14:00 35 997 calm 0 8:00 28 997 N 1.0 July 2, 2004 10:00 29 999 NE 1.2 12:00 30 998 calm 0 14:00 35 998 calm 0 8:00 27 998 S 1.2 July 3, 2004 10:00 32 999 South southwest 0.5 12:00 32 1000 S 0.5 14:00 31 1001 South southwest 1.0 8:00 27 997 South southeast 1.5 July 4, 2004 10:00 30 997 S 1.7 12:00 31 998 South southwest 2.0 14:00 31 997 Calm 0 8:00 25 997 N 1.0 July 5, 2004 10:00 27 998 NE 0.7 12:00 29 998 East northeast 0.7 14:00 30 999 N 1.0 Table 3-4-2 monitoring results of air quality

MontorngS temH NH3 2 3trn itm (average data per hour odor(grade) Monitoringpoint ((averagedata per hour mg/m3) mg/m3 )

Zhuexi creekl# (south branch) Not detected Not detected 3 Zhuexi creek 2# (north branch) Not detected Not detected 3 Longquanshan Wastewater Not detected Not detected I Treatment Plant 2# Longquanshan Wastewater Not detected Not detected 1 Treatment Plant 2# Baisha Wastewater Treatment Not detected Not detected 2 Plant 1# Baisha Wastewater Treatment Not detected Not detected 2 Plant 2# Yanghe Wastewater Treatment Not detected Not detected 0 Plant l# Yanghe Wastewater Treatment Not detected Not detected 0 Plant 2#

Labao TretmentNotastewaer detected Not detected 0 Plant l# Labao Wastewater Treatment Not detected Not detected 1 Plant 2# ______Standard mg/m3 Not detected Not detected 6-Class system

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Table 3-4-3 Monitoring results of air quality

3 3 3 onitoring factor S0 2 (average data each day mg/mr ) NO2 (average data each day mg/m ) TSP (average data each day mg/m ) Monitoring point 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 Zhuexi 1# 0.080 0.070 0.120 0.135 0.052 0.025 0.030 0.042 0.047 0.022 0.102 0.230 0.250 0.170 0.150 Zhuexi 2# 0.110 0.120 0.151 0.100 0.070 0.030 0.041 0.047 0.057 0.032 0.100 0.230 0.305 0.228 0.108 Longquanshan WwTP Longquanshan WwTP 0.070 0.050 0.127 0.070 0.051 0.027 0.030 0.045 0.050 0.021 0.110 0.220 0.270 0.290 0.108 LongquanshanWwTP_ Longquanshan WwTP 0.060 0.051 0.100 0.080 0.060 0.020 0.038 0.050 0.042 0.019 0.120 0.200 0.260 0.280 0.111

BaishaWwTP 1# 0.100 0.090 0.140 0.160 0.110 0.030 0.037 0.050 0.060 0.020 0.202 0.0270 0..310 0.270 0.220 Baisha WwTP 2# 0.120 0.080 0.138 0.151 0.100 0.020 0.030 0.006 0.051 0.021 0.200 0.260 0.280 0.260 0.210 Yanghe WwTP# 0.021 0.036 0.116 0.038 0.031 0.023 0.024 0.025 0.022 0.019 0.274 0.305 0.215 0.280 0.205 Yanghe WwTP 2# 0.020 0.032 0.110 0.035 0.030 0.021 0.022 0.027 0.018 0.026 0.270 0.315 0.210 0.290 0.200 Labao WwTP # 0.020 0.028 0.050 0.032 0.035 0.021 0.027 0.024 0.024 0.021 0.115 0.180 0.185 0.156 0.176 Labao WwTP 2# 0.027 0.022 0.060 0.037 0.030 0.020 0.023 0.027 0.031 0.022 0.110 0.170 0.190 0.161 0.182

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Table 3-4-4 Assessment results of current air quality (pollutant Pi value)

monitoring item ~~~~~~SO 2 NO2 TSP Monitoring point so,int2_TSP Zhuexi creek 1# 0.61 0.28 0.60 Zhuexi creek 2# 0.73 0.34 0.65 Longquanshan Wastewater 0.49 0.29 0.67 Treatment Plant 1# Longquanshan Wastewater 0.47 0.28 0.65 Treatment Plant 2# Baisha Wastewater Treatment Plant 0.80 0.33 0.85

Baisha Wastewater Treatment Plant 0.79 0.30 0.81 2# Yanghe Wastewater Treatment Plant 0.32 0.19 0.85

Yanghe Wastewater Treatment Plant 0.30 0.19 0.86 2# Labao Wastewater Treatment Plant 0.22 0.19 0.54

Labao Wastewater Treatment Plant 0.23 0.21 0.54 2#

From table 3-4-2, each item's H2 S and NH3 are lower the detection limit. Odor concentration is grade-3 along the bank of Zhuexi creek and is easy to be perceived. The odor concentration grade is relatively low at other monitoring points. From table 3-4-4, the pollutant index of SO2 , NO, and TSP all lower than 1 for each monitoring points. The air quality is good.

3.5 Sound quality assessment

(1)monitoring points distribution There will be 5 noise monitoring sites for the arranged Wastewater Treatment Plant in the assessment, which will lie around the WWTP boundary and in the center of the WWTP. The monitoring points distribution is figure 3-4-2, 3-4-3, 3-4-4 and 3-4-50

(2)monitoring factor equivalent continuous a-weighted level

(3)monitoring time and frequency From July 1, 2004 to July 2, 2004, continuous monitoring work was done during these two days, two times each day, daytime and night time respectively. It is done during two time spans of 8:00-11:00 in day time and 22:00-6:00 at night.

(4)monitoring results

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The monitoring results for the environmental noise of arranged Wastewater Treatment Plant is in following table 3-5-1-3-5-4 table 3-5-1 monitoring results for the noise of Longquanshan Wastewater Treatment Plant

onitoring data Daytime LeqdB(A) Night Leq dB(A)

Monitoring point First time Second time First time Second time

I -I # ( WWTP ) 49.6 48.8 42.0 42.3 1-2# ( north side) 71.0 69.6 52.0 53.5 1-3# (west side) 58.0 59.6 43.6 45.0 I-4# (south side) 48.2 46.8 39.2 38.6 1-5# (east side) 57.0 58.6 42.6 44.6 Standard data 60 50 Table 3-5-2 monitoring results for the noise of Baisha Wastewater Treatment Plant

Monitoring data Daytime LeqdB(A) Night Leq dB(A)

Monitoring point First time Second time First time Second time 2-1# (WWTP) 48 46 39 38 2-2# (north side) 52 54 40 42 2-3# ( west side) 52 54 40 42 2-4# (south side) 57 55 41 42 2-5# (east side) 50 53 38 36 Standard data 60 50 Table 3-5-3 monitoring results for the noise of Yanghe Wastewater Treatment Plant

onitoring data Daytime LeqdB(A) Night Leq dB(A)

Monitoring point First time Second time First time Second time 3-1# (WWTP) 43.6 45.2 42.5 41.2 3-2# (north side) 43.2 44.5 42.2 41.0 3-3# (west side) 44.0 45.0 42.4 41.5 3-4# (south side) 43.6 45.0 42.0 41.3 3-5# (east side) 43.5 43.3 42.3 41.0 Standard data 65 55 Table 3-5-4 monitoring results for the noise of Labao Wastewater Treatment Plant

Monitoring data Daytime LeqdB(A) Night Leq dB(A)

Monitoring poi First time Second time First time Second time 4-1# (WWTP) 45.3 46.2 42.2 43.0 4-2# (north side) 44.0 45.2 41.5 42.0 4-3# (west side) 43.8 44.6 41.2 41.0 4-4# (south side) 44.2 45.3 40.8 41.2 4-5# (east side) 45.8 46.2 42.1 41.6 Standard data 60 50

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From table 3-5-1, the daytime and nighttime noise of north boundary for Longquanshan Wastewater Treatment Plant(second term) both exceed the category II of municipal environmental noise standard(G.B3096-93). The major reason for noise over standard is the fist term engineering structure on north side of Longquan wastewater water treatment plant The environmental acoustic quality of Baisha, Yanghe and Labao Wastewater Treatment Plants all can reach the relevant standard of municipal environmental noise standard, so the sound quality is good.

3.6 monitoring of riverbed and WWTP sludge

3.6.1 sediment of Zhuexi creek

(1) Monitoring point Sediment is sampled from upstream/downstream rehabilitation segment and joint (pumping station) of north/south branch of zhuexi creek for monitoring analysis, see Table 3-6-1 and Fig. 3-4-1 for sampling sections and dates. Table 3-6-1 Monitoring point at Zhuexi creek

Sampling point Sampling date South lOOm downstream of Xiang'gui railway, Liangs'hui Viliage (upstream of the Oct. 18, 2004 rehabilitation segment) branch Near Yin'xing Shopping Malls (downstream of rehabilitation segment) June 11, 2004 North 20m downstream of Longtun Bridge (upstream of rehabilitation segment) Oct. 18, 2004 branch Near E'shan Market ( downstream of the modification segment) June 11, 2004 (2)monitoring items Monitoring items include pH, TP, TN, total Pb, total Zn, total Cu, total Cd and total As. (3)analysis method The analysis method is in table 3-6-2.

Table 3-6-2 analysis method for sediment monitoring item Detection method moisture content Analysis method of water and wastewater monitoring pH GB/T6920-1986 glass electrode method TP GB/T11893-1993 ammonium molybdate spectrophotometric method TN GB/T11894-89 potassium persulphate ultraviolet spectrophotometric method Pb, Zn GB/T17138-1997 flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry Cu, Cd GB/T17141-1997 graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry As silver diethyldithiocarbinate spectrophotometric method (5) monitoring results Sediment monitoring results of Zhuexi creek are in following table 3-6-3

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Table 3-6-3 sediment monitoring result of Zhuexi creek *

Monitoring factor Total Pb Total Zn Total Cu Total Cd Total As TP TN Moisture

Monitoring point \ mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg pH content North branch (100m downstream of Xiang'gui 133 303 60.0 0.68 17.6 railway)II South branch(20m 60.2 79.4 16.0 0.08 3.64 downstream of Longtun Bridge) South branch (Yin'xing 140 463 4.3 38.4 15.6 2.21 46.6 7.65 1.39 Shopping Malls) North branch(E'shan III 808 3.8 67.0 16.0 3.45 34.5 7.75 2.38 Market) l 8 3. . 4 53 junction of south branch and junctior o branchputh tatn) 99 538 3.3 57.6 11.7 4.37 55.1 7.81 1.72 north branch(pump station)I Pollutant limnitfor farmland 300 2000 800 5 75 sludge (acid soil) 3 7 *data provided by Liuzhou Institute of Environmental Sciences

3.6.2 Sediment monitoring of Jiuqu River

(1) monitoring points distribution One sampling point will be set to monitor sediment of Jiuqu river. (see figure 3-4-1) (2) sampling time June 11,2004 (3) monitoring items Monitoring items include total Pb, total Zn, total Cu, total Cd and total As. (4) analysis method The analysis method is in table 3-6-2 (5) monitoring results the monitoring results for sediment in Jiuqu river are in table 3-6-4. Table 3-6-4 monitoring results for sediment in Jiuqu river

Monitoring factor Total Pb Total Zn Total Cu Total Cd Total As

Monitoring point mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg mg/kg

Jiuqu river 91 220 1.0 17.7 0.07

Pollutant limit for farmland sludge (acid soil) 300 2000 800 5 75

* Data provided by Liuzhou Institute of Environmental Sciences

3.6.3 Residual sludge of Longquanshan Wastewater Treatment Plant (Phase I)

(1) sampling time July 15, 2004 (2) monitoring items Monitoring items include Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, As, Hg, Ni and total Cr. (3) analysis method Hg, As: atomic fluorescence spectrophotometry;

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Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, Ni and total Cr: flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (4) monitoring results the residual sludge pollution for Longquanshan Wastewater Treatment Plant Phase I is in table 3-6-5 table 3-6-5 monitoring results of pollutants in sludge unit: mg/kg

item As Hg Ni Total Cr Pb Zn Cu Cd Monitoring data 19.72 3.39 124.7 465.2 245.2 5510 871.2 102.0 Pollutant limit for farmnland sludge 75 5 100 600 300 2000 800 5 (acid soil)

* Data provided by Liuzhou Institute of Environmental Sciences From above monitoring results, the heavy metal contents in the sediment of Zhuexi creek, Jiuqu river and Longquanshan waste water treatment plant have far exceeded the farmland standard of sludge. So they are unfit for farmland manure. For sake of safety, they will be disposed for landfill. In this assessment, sludge percolate was also analyzed to determine the toxicity of sludge, analysis method in table 3-6-6 and monitoring results in table 3-6-7. From table 3-6-7, heavy metal contents in sludge percolate are all lower than permitted concentration limit and belong to common solid waste. They can be sent to landfill for disposal. Table 3-6-6 analysis method of pollutant concentration for the leach solution of sediment

item Detection method Hg and mercuric compound (total Hg) Cold atomic absorption spectrophotometry Pb (total Pb) atomic absorption spectrophotometry Cd (Total Cd) atomic absorption spectrophotometry Total Cr Direct flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry sexavalent chrome Diphenyl carbonyl dihydrazine spectrophotometric method Cu and its compound (total Cu) atomic absorption spectrophotometry Zn and its compound (Total Zn) atomic absorption spectrophotometry Beryllium and its compound (total Beryllium) atomic absorption method Ba and its compound (total Ba) atomic absorption method Ni and its compound (total Ni) Direct flame atomic absorption method As and its compound (total As) atomic absorption method Inorganic fluoride (calcium fluoride not included) ion selectiveelectrode method cyanide (CN ) isonicotinic acid-pyrazolone spectrophotometric method

3.6.4 Problems and Countermeasures

Indicated by Table 3-6-2 Analysis Result of sediment of zhuexi creek, heavy metal content of sediment differs greatly between upstream and downstream. Known from field survey and drainage data, there are many enterprises along bank of zhuexi creek, resulting in various drainage. Before dredging sediments from Zhuexi, main discharge outlets of modification segment should be sampled in order to find out the key discharge outlets or discharging units that cause over-standard heavy metal. as well as the corresponding source segment. The sediment containing excessive heavy metal should be transported to Lichonggou landfill; The sediment containing heavy metal in compliance with "national standard of pollutants control of agricultural sludge" can be used as manure for farm or green space.

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Table 3-6-7 Monitoring results of heavy metal content in sludge leachate unit: mg/l Item Hg Pb Cd Total Sexavalent Cu Zn Be Ba Ni As fluoride cyanide Sample point Cr chrome Southbranch of N*D N * D 0.0141 N*D 0.00861 N*D N*D N*D N*D N*D N*D 0.692 N*D Zhuexi creek Northbranch of N*D N*D 0.0158 N*D 0.00506 N*D N*D N*D 0.0486 N*D N*D 0.665 N*D Zhuexi creek

Zhuexi Pumping Station N * D N * D 0.0142 N * D 0.0166 N * D N * D N * D 0.0279 N D N * D 0.692 0.00591 Jiuqu river 0.215 X 10-3 N*D 0.0146 N*D 0.00607 N * D N*D N*D N*D N*D N*D 0.665 N*D Longquanshan WwTP 0.135 X 10-3 N*D N*D N*D 0.0147 N*D 0.0305 N*D 0.0630 N*D N*D 0.640 N*D Detection threshold 0.05 X 10-i 0.069 0.007 0.01 0.002 0.007 0.002 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.004 2 Maximum permitted 0.05 3 0.3 10 1.5 50 50 0.1 100 10 1.5 50 1.0 concentration of leach solution

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4. Project analysis

4.1 General introduction

4.1.1 Project name and components

(1) Project name Liuzhou Environment Management Project - wastewater treatment component (2) Project Legal person Liuzhou municipal wastewater treatment Limited Liability Company (3) Constructing style Rebuilding, extension of building, new building (4) Project investment Total invest for the project is 136680.62 million Yuan RMB. The arranged loan from World Bank will be 8463.37 million $, which is 70245.93 million Yuan RMB (ratio :1:8.3). The loan will be 52.557 of total invest. (5) project component Liuzhou Environment Management Project - wastewater treatment component includes five separate component, covering river channel rehabilitation and ecology construction, wastewater collection, wastewater treatment and so on. The river channel for rehabilitation is 10.8 km. It will newbuid and rebuild all manner of wastewater pipeline( pressure pipeline included) 131.98 km and seven wastewater pump stations(total capactity of pump stations is 26.4X104 m3/d). another 4 Wastewater Treatment Plants will be built (increased wastewater treatment capacity is 40X104m3 /d). engineering sites and constructing scale are in figure 4- 1-1 and table 4- 1- 1.

4.1.2 Schedule and personnel

(1) schedule Liuzhou Environment Management Project - wastewater treatment component will be completed by year 2008. Construction period is 2004-2008, in which 2003-2004 is preparation stage for the project. Implementation plan of each sub project is in table 4-1-2.

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Table 4-1-1 Detail of wastewater treatment component Project Component Type Location Construction scale investment ( 104 Service area Yuan RMB)

Intercepting The engineering lies in Hexi district (Liuxi 13.854km Railway Culvert Of Regional Mine system district) of Liuzhou city, composed of north d300-dl500 Motorsquadron In South Branch To branch and south branch. Junction Of South And North Branches; River channel South and north branch of Zhuexi creek 10.8km Liutie Party School Of North Branch To Zhuexi creek fathering 43919.41 Junction Of South And North Branches; rehabilitation Open ditch South and north branch of Zhuexi creek 5.002 km Junction Of South And North Branches reforming To Sewage Elevating Pump Station Of Landscape South and north branch of Zhuexi creek Zhuexi Creek construction collecting Lies in Liubei peninsula of Liuzhou city, interceptor: 4.085 km system include city zone and Liubei district other sewage pipeline: 10.2 km Service area is Hebei peninsula of Liuzhou To be constructed in north and south of city; in administration, it can be divided 4 3 Baisha WWTP Huilong village, which is to the east of 10X10 /d into Liubei district and peninsula section in wastewater Qianxiang road, enclosed by 4 planning 29761.01 city zone; most of the service areas are old treatment road city zones; planning area is 31.5 km2 plant Up-Baisha pump End of up-Baisha trunk canal 1.0 X104 m3 /d planned population in year 2020 is 320000. station Zinc factory Coal piling site of Liuzhou Zinc factory 0.4 X104 m3/d pump station Beside Liushi trunk canal to the east of Longquanshan sewage treatment plant Longquanshan in Liunan district, enlarging mainly serves west of the city and southern Longquanshan WwTP area to the south of existing sewage treatment 9684.97 district ; it mainly includes Liunan and 3 WwTP plant 15 Xl04m /d Yufeng district in administration; planning area is 60 km2; planned population in year 2020 is 600000;

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Table 4-1-1(continued) Detail of wastewater treatment component Project 4 Project Type Location Construction scale investment ( 10 Service area Yuan RMB) Mainly Hedong district in Jinglang drainage 69.9km Sewage collecting area; Hedong district is composed by old city (include pressure Mainly serves southeast of the city, system zone and new city zone; Yanghe drainage area pipe 4.215km) Liudong district and Yanghe (industrial) is Yanghe new developed area. developing zone; it mainly includes city South of Yanghe developing zone, east of zone and Yufeng district in administration;

Yanghe WwTP Guibei highway, Yanghe village which is to the 12.5 Xl04 m3/d planning area is 58.32 kM2; planned wastewater . . north of Liujiang river population in year 2020 is 460000; treatment Xiangqiao road Xiangqiao road 1.2 XIO4 m3/d 33784.98 plant pump station Jinlan pump West of Jinglang flood drain pump station 10 X104 m3/d station (recent) Gutingsan pump Binjiang road 43 station ______X______4____3______d_ Developing zone Northwest of Yanghe developing zone 7.0 Xl 0 4m/d pump station collecting Lies in Liujiang Labao county, construction 16.35km Mainly serve Liujiang Labao country, i.e. Sewage m and development along both sides of 332 (include pressure Liujiang county; planning area is 25.93km 2 ; Lastewaotert national road, north of Jiuqu river pipe 3.5km) planned population in year 2020 is 120000.

treatment WWTP To be constructed in Shangtun village of Labao 4 3 9530.25

plant wage county, downstream of Jiuqu river 2.5 XlO in/d

station Jilong village 1.8 Total 136680.62

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Table 4-1-2 Construction plan

Component type Description Construction period

Intercepting system Construct wastewater intercepting main for 2006-2007 south and north branches River channel Sediment dredge, brickwork protection, block Thuexi creek rehabilitation... rehabiliation clearing and broadening 2005-2010 Landscape Affectation of both sides of the channel, construction ground paving and decoration Wastewater Rebuild existing dredge trunk canal, newbuild Baisha wastewater treatment collecting system some pipe duct 2005-2008 plant Wastewater New build one Baisha wastewater treatment treatment plant Longquanshan wastewater Wastewater Enlarge Longquanshan wastewater treatment 2006-2009 treatment plant treatment plant Wastewater New build wastewater pipeline and Yanghe wastewater collecting system wastewater elevating pump station 2007-2009 treatment plant Wastewater New build Yanghe wastewater treatment treatment plant(first term New build wastewater pipeline and Intercepting system Labao wastewater treatment wastewater pump station 2007-2009 plant Wastewater New build one Labao wastewater treatment treatment plant (2) personnel Personnel after component completion and implementation are in table 4-1-3 table 4-1-3 Personnel for construction

Number Component person remark 1 Baisha Wastewater Treatment 64 Plant 2 Longquanshan Wastewater 107 Longquanshan WWTP Phase I needs 83 persons, and Treatment Plant another 24 persons for phase 11. 3 Yanghe Wastewater 56 Treatment Plant 4 Labao Wastewater Treatment 56 Plant I_I total 283

4.1.3 major technical and economic data major technical and economic data are in table 4-1-4.

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4.2 Construction plan

4.2.1 construction plan for Zhuexi creek rehabilitation

The component includes three parts, i.e. incepting system, river channel rehabilitation and landscaping.

4.2.1.1 rehabilitation area

Zhuexi creek is divided into south branch and north branch. Rehabilitation area is divided into 3 sections: (1) railway culvert of regional mine motorsquadron in south branch-junction of south and north branches (2) Lioutie Party school of north branch-junction of south and north branches (3) junction of south and north branches-wastewater pump station of Zhuexi creek table 4-1-4 major technical and economic data

item unit figure remark

Wastewater treatment 10 / 0Increased wastewater treatment plant 104m3 /d 40 capacity Construction River channel m 10834 scale of the rehabilitation Moisture of sediment for Zhuexi component House dimolition m2 71700 creek rehabilitation is 80%

Dredging m3 33027 Land.ou acquisition 621.29 Include wastewater collecting system Land acquisition mou 621.29 and wastewater treatment plant

Total investment of the component 104 Yuan 135616.45 RMB/Year 104 Power consumption kilowatthour 3448 Power supply annually

Electricity cost RM/ Yuan 1896.4 ______RMB/Year

Chemical cost 10 Yuan 716.70 RMB/Year annual average total cost 104 Yuan 14169.52 RMB

Unit cost for treatment RMB/m3 0.9705

Annual average overhead 10 Yuan 6778.33 RMB Yuan Unit cost of overhead RMB/m3 0.4643 pH 6-9

CODcr mg/A <60

Effluent water BODs mg/I <20 quality Ss mg/i <20

NH3 -N mg/I < 15 TP mg/I < 1.5

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4.2.1.2 Objective

(1) Thoroughly improve the flood prevention and impoundment function of Zhuexi creek, guarantee the normal operation of flood drain pump station at downstream (2) Restore the function of ecology and landscape along the bank, change present dirty, disorder and deficit environment to serve the municipal development and economy construction and thus improve living environment of the residents along the bank. (3) When the Honghua Hydro dam holds water, stability of slope near the bank should be maintained. (4) With Zhuexi creek rehabilitation, wastewater beside Zhuexi creek will all be intercepted and discharged to downstream wastewater pump station. After pumping, the wastewater will be sent to Longquanshan Wastewater Treatment Plant for treatment so as to reach the discharging standard and protect Liujiang water source. At the same time, direct wastewater discharge to Zhuexi creek will be changed to achieve the objective made by Master plan of Liuzhou City and meet the demand of Class III water quality standard in surface water quality standard (GB3838 - 2002)

4.2.1.3 Construction plan

(1) River rehabilitation (XD dredging sediment dredge and block clearing is mainly to remove the sediment and construction or domestic garbage along the bank. In this project, after the completion of wastewater interception, sediment will thoroughly remove during low water season. Construction and domestic garbage will be removed out of creek ditch directly. Block clearing is mainly to dismantle squatter house along the bank and to dismantle construction within the red line to meet the demand of landscape. In the project, the dismantled construction will be 59721m2 . In addition, parts of the construction also need to be rebuilt, such as bridge and culvert. ®)broadening and dredging For some places which can't meet the requirement of flood control, they need to be broadened. Ocutoff For the irregular river channel, there need cutoff to improve flood flow pattem and increase municipal constructing land. (jIriver channel rehabilitation Most of the Zhuexi creek channels are natural ones. In the project, natural channels will be reformed according to regulation, flood protection and landscape. (2) wastewater interception (I)intercepting coefficient in this project, the intercepting coefficient is 1.0. (flood control standard According to master plan of flood control of Liuzhou city, flood control standard of Zhuexi creek will use maximum 24h-rainstorm flowoff every 50 years. (®flood drain standard When there's flood water in Liujiang River and rainstorm at the same time, flood drain standard of Zhuexi creek can drain Liujiang flood water and designed maximum 24h-rainstorm in 20 years. )layout of wastewater intercepting pipe

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According to constructing condition, upstream of north branch maintain combined drainage system, intercepting at the junction area with downstream open ditch. There will set a intercepting main on east side of north branch of downstream, discharging to part of wastewater of combined collecting system downstream. Upstream intercepting wastewater and the pump station water of west river wastewater will be sent to wastewater pump station of Zhuexi creek. South branch uses open ditch, distributing intercepting main to intercept outlets along the bank on both south and north sides.

4.2.1.4 Landscaping design

(1) Landscaping area Red line width upwards south branch refrigerator factory of landscape red line scope is 50m. Red line from refrigerator factory to wastewater elevating pump station is 60m. Red line upwards Heping Bridge of north branch is 35m and red line from Heping bridge to Motan road culvert is 40m. Red line from Motan road to junction of south and north branch is 50m.

(2) design Combining existing and planned constructions within the red line, green corridor, working platform, health platform, walking street, landscape bridge, sculpture and small decoration will be constructed along the bank of the river. Upstream of the river, there will be water shutoff dam, while downstream will introduce Liujiang water source to keep certain water level in the creek. On one side, the water can be used to irrigate green land along the bank. On the other, it can be used for recreation on the water. Through landscaping, the banks of Zhuexi creek will be relaxation and recreation site for citizen, water clean, light brilliant, vegetation elegant and street beautiful.

4.2.2 Construction plan for Baisha waste water treatment plant

4.2.2.1 Drainage system

According to master plan of Liuzhou city, old city zone will use combined system, while new city zone and planning zone will use the separate drainage. Service range of Baisha treatment plant engineering is Hebei peninsula, which belongs to old city zone. So in this area, drainage will maintain combined drainage system.

4.2.2.2 Construction plan for wastewater collecting system

(1) Description of component Collecting system of Baisha drainage area is composed by two parts, i.e. combined collecting system and wastewater intercepting system, in which confluence collecting system has come into being generally. Also recent wastewater intercepting system is now being constructed. So this component only provides supplement and improvement for part of the combined collecting system. (2) intercepting coefficient The designed wastewater intercepting coefficient will be 1.0.

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4.2.2.3 Construction plan for WWTP

(1) Capacity of Wastewater Treatment Plant Wastewater treatment capacity of this drainage area will take reference of wastewater in the south, domestic wastewater and small amount of industrial waste water for Huancun trunk canal. According 3 3 to 213L/cap * d per person, wastewater amount will be 95765 m /d and 106877 m /d in 2010 and 2020 respectively. Because the development of the Hebei peninsula is confined by land utilization, the difference between recent and long term wastewater amount is small, so the wastewater treatment capacity is determined as 10X104m3/d. Layout of Wastewater Treatment Plant is in figure 3-4-2

(2) Wastewater treatment technique wastewater treatment technique is modified A2/O+intermittent chemical phosphorus removal. The technique is to use anaerobic, anoxic and aerobic biology for phosphorus removal and denitrogenation. Besides organic pollutant removal, it can also remove nitrogen and phosphorus in the wastewater. The function of the technique is explicit and it is convenient to handle for each function section. Also it is easy to operate and the production of the sludge is low. There's no sludge bulking problem.

At present, Longquanshan Wastewater Treatment Plant (phase I) in Liuzhou city uses A2/0 micropore aeration techniques. It also provides phosphorus removal and denitrogenation process. The effluent is discharged into downstream of the city. Capacity of Baisha Wastewater Treatment Plant is the same as that of Longquanshan Wastewater Treatment Plant (phase II) and the water quality of incoming water is equivalent. So it can use the process and technique of Longquanshan Wastewater Treatment Plant. Considering the component lies in the upstream of the city, and according to operation result of Longquanshan Wastewater Treatment Plant(phase I) recently, treatment for phosphorus needs to be 2 reinforced. So, this WWTP will use wastewater treatment process of A /O+intermittent chemical phosphorus removal to guarantee standard discharge for TP. Process flow is in figure 4-2-1.

(3) water quality of effluent and influent from Wastewater Treatment Plant the designed water quality of effluent and influent for this WWTP is in table 4-2-1. Table 4-2-1 the designed water quality of effluent and influent for Baisha Wastewater

Treatment Plant * unitE]mg/I, except pH

item pH SS BOD5 CODc NH3 -N TP Influent water 6-8 160 120 300 25 4.0 quality Effluent water 6~-9 20 20 60 15 1.5 quality 6 9 _ 2 0 2_0_60___1_I_. _ * the influent is mixed water of domestic waste water and small amount of industrial wastewater(around 20%);

4.2.3 Construction plan for Longquanshan Wastewater Treatment Plant

Longquanshan Wastewater Treatment Plant Component only contains Wastewater Treatment Plant construction (phase II), wastewater collecting system not included. In south of existing Longquanshan

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Wastewater Treatment Plant, there's land reserved for extension. So extension of Longquanshan Wastewater Treatment Plant will be done in the south of its original site.

4.2.3.1 Drainage system

Established area such as Industrial area, railway hinge, centre of municipal storage and freight, old airport development district and Jilong development district will maintain combined drainage system. Other planning area will use separate drainage system.

4.2.3.2 Construction plan for Wastewater Treatment Plant

(1) prediction of wastewater amount wastewater amount is predicted according to standard of water consumption (640-570 L/cap - d )per person in this area and predicted population. From prediction, the wastewater amount is 28X104m3/d and 30Xl04 m3 /d for year 2010 and year 2020 respectively in Longquanshan drainage area.

(2) construction capacity of Wastewater Treatment Plant According to existing pipeline and completion of recent and long term collecting system, the wastewater amount in year 2010 and 2020 are 25X104m3/d and 30 X104 m3 /d. they will be constructed by stages. At present, the treatment capacity of Longquanshan treatment plant is 10X104m3/d. the extension of the WWTP will be 15X104 m3/d. Long term capacity will take reference of land acquisition of 30 X104 m3/d. Layout of Wastewater Treatment Plant is in figure 3-4-3.

(3) wastewater treatment technique Because land use for phase I is small, the layout is relatively compact, which confined the alteration of phase II in treatment process. But disadvantageous factors such as long term water quality alteration have been considered fully and A2/O treatment process which is familiar in our country, energy saving and operation stable was chosen in phase I. For sake of easy management and reduce construction investment, phase II will fully use the original auxiliary public construction basically and adopt existing A2/O micropore aeration process. Phosphorus removal equipment will be added and according to effluent water quality, Phosphorus removal chemical will be dosed intermittently. The treatment process flow is in figure 4-2-2.

(4) water quality of influent and effluent for Wastewater Treatment Plant The component is the extension of Wastewater Treatment Plant, so the water quality is the same as that of phase I. The actual data are in table 4-2-2.

Table 4-2-2 water quality of influent and effluent for Longquanshan Wastewater Treatment Plant *

unitE] mg/A, except pH item pH SS BODs CODer NH 3-N TP Influent water 6-8 160 140 300 30 3.5 quality Effluentwater 6-9 <20 <20 <60 <15 <1.5 quality _20_ _60__ <__ _ <_ _ _ _ *effluent is the mixed water of industrial wastewater and domestic wastewater(around 50% each);

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4.2.4 Construction plan for Yanghe wastewater treatment plant

4.2.4.1 Drainage system

Service range of Yanghe treatment plant is Jinglang drainage area and Yanghe development zone. Jinglang drainage area belongs to old city zone, most of it are established zone with dense population. combined system have come into being and it's hard to change it into separate drainage system. Combined collecting system is also established. Wastewater will be intercepted by wastewater intercepting pipe along the river. Large part of intercepting pipe along the river has been implemented. In order to use existing facilities fully and reduce construction investment, combined drainage system will be maintained in the region.

Except Gutinsan area, Yanghe development zones are all planned zones. Newbuilding zone will adopt separate drainage system. Combined pipeline of Gutinsan zone will be rebuilt by segments. Intercepting drainage system will be used recently and will be altered to separate system in the future.

4.2.4.2 Construction plan for wastewater collecting system

(1) Description of construction Yanghe collecting system is composed of existing collecting system and newbuilding wastewater collecting system, in which existing collecting system improvement is mainly for Jinglang collecting system and newbuilding system is mainly for wastewater collecting system of Yanghe development zone.

Existing collecting systems include Jinglang pipe duct of combined collecting system for rain water and the wastewater, wastewater intercepting system along the river and corresponding wastewater pump station. Jinglang pipe duct of combined collecting system for rain water and the wastewater has come into being nearly, including interceptors along the river and corresponding wastewater pump station. Only part of the previous facilities and imperfection need improvement.

Newbuilding collecting system is mainly wastewater collecting system of Yanghe development zone. including wastewater pipeline and corresponding wastewater pump station. In addition, combining general design, there will set Jinglang wastewater pump station in south of Jinglang bridge to pump wastewater across the river and enter Yanghe wastewater collecting system, entering Yanghe Wastewater Treatment Plant ultimately.

(2) wastewater intercepting coefficient the designed wastewater intercepting coefficient is 1.0.

4.2.4.3 Construction plan for wastewater treatment plant

(1) Wastewater amount prediction For service zone, domestic wastewater is 61232m3 /d, industrial wastewater 165579m3 /d and total wastewater 226811 m3/d in year 2000. By prediction, domestic wastewater is 139669m3 /d, industrial wastewater 94482 m3 /d and total wastewater 234151 m3 /d in year 2020.

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(2) Construction plan of wastewater treatment plant According to the completion of recent and long term collecting system construction for existing pipeline in Jignglang drainage area and the development in the future of Yanghe area, capacity of wastewater treatment plant in year 2010 and 2020 is 12.5X104 m3 /d and 20 X104m3/d. The construction will be done by stages. Layout of Wastewater Treatment Plant is in figure 3-4-4

(3) Wastewater treatment technique wastewater treatment technique is modified A2/O+intermittent chemical phosphorus removal. The flow chart is in figure 4-2-3.

(4) water quality of influent and effluent for Wastewater Treatment Plant the designed water quality of influent and effluent is in table 4-2-3. Table 4-2-3 the designed water quality of effluent and influent for Yanghe Wastewater

Treatment Plant * unitClmg/I, except pH item pH SS(mg/I) BOD5 CODer _ _ _3-N TP Influent water 6-9 200 200 350 30 4.0 quality Effluent water 6-9 <20 <20 <60 <15 < 1.5 quality *effluent is the mixed water of industrial wastewater and domestic wastewater(around 50% each);

4.2.5 Construction plan for Labao wastewater treatment plant

4.2.5.1 drainage system

According to master plan of Liuzhou city, old city zone will use combined system, while new city zone and planning zone will use the separate drainage system. So, old city zone will maintain combined system and separate system will be used by new city zone and planning development zone.

4.2.5.2 Construction plan for wastewater collecting system

(I) Description of component The construction of Labao wastewater collecting system engineering includes three parts: interceptors of old city zone, proposed wastewater pipe and wastewater pump station in new city zone and proposed wastewater pipe in planning development zone. (O)oldcity zone Old city zone will maintain combined drainage system. Wastewater intercepting pipe will be set in Nanhan road for intercepting of existing combined pipe duct. Wastewater will enter Wastewater Treatment Plant directly, while rain water will be discharged into Jiuqu river nearby by overflow well. (2new city zone Now there're service pipe and branch pipe in new city zone. Corresponding wastewater main and wastewater elevating pump station will be constructed in this project. (®planned development zone

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Planned development zone lies to the south of wastewater treatment plant. The topography is relatively flat. On east and west side, there will set wastewater main, entering wastewater treatment plant directly along Henger street after confluence.

(2) wastewater intercepting coefficient The designed wastewater intercepting coefficient is 1.0.

4.2.5.3 Construction plan for waster water treatment plant

(1) wastewater amount prediction The measured wastewater in 2000 for part of Labao outfalls is 18240m3 /d. Actual wastewater is 3 44,262 m /d. It is suggested that wastewater in 2010 and 2020 are 50,550 m3 /d and 61.082 m3/d respectively.

(2) capacity of Wastewater Treatment Plant Capacity of Labao Wastewater Treatment Plant can be determined by recent and long term situation respectively. The treatment capacity of year 2010 and 2020 are 2.5X104 m3 /d and 5X104m3 /d respectively. They will be constructed by two stages. Recent and long term wastewater treatment percentage can come to 49.46% and 81.86% respectively. Layout of wastewater treatment plant is in figure 3-4-5.

(3) Wastewater treatment technique Because capacity of Labao wastewater treatment plant is relatively small and it is invested and managed by Liujiang County. By contrast of local actual experience and operation experience for wastewater treatment plant of same scale in our country, this WWTP employs Carrousel 2000 oxidation ditch technique. Facilities will be added for chemical phosphorus removal. According to effluent water quality, phosphorus removal chemical will be added intermittently. The process flow is in figure 4-2-4.

(4) water quality of effluent and influent from Wastewater Treatment Plant Designed water quality of effluent and influent is in table 4-2-4 Table 4-2-4 the designed water quality of effluent and influent for Labao Wastewater

Treatment Plant * unit7 mg/I, except pH

item pH SS BODs CODcr NH3 -N TP Influent water 6-9 160 120 300 25 3.5 quality Effluent water 6-9 <20 <20 <60 < 15 < 1.5 q u ality______the influent is mixed water of domestic waste water and industrial waste water( domestic wastewater is around 75%)

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4.3 Pollution analysis

4.3.1 Pollution analysis during constructing stage

Constructing stage for this project is relatively long, planned for 4 years. Constructing sites are scattered and many aspects involved. Construction will to use land, thus will destroy ecological environment. In addition, dredging and landfilling during constructing stage are in great quantity. The constructing noises, dust and waste earth or residue will affect ambient environment to some extent.

4.3.1.1 Noise

Construction process will use constructing machines, the noise of these machines and transportation vehicles can affect some sensitive objects around the constructing sites.

4.3.1.2 dust and odor

Major air pollutants are constructing dust generated by dredging and landfilling of ditch for intercepting works and wastewater treatment plant construction, odor produced by sediment dredging. Constructing site for intercepting pipeline is long and scattered. In case of dry and windy day, constructing dust will affect ambient sensitive objects to some extent. River dredging and sediment storage will produce odor(mainly H2 S ), also they can generate dust.

4.3.1.3 Land acquisition and house demolition

The permanent land use is 621.29 mou (include wastewater collecting system and wastewater treatment plant). Now the land is used for fish pond, vegetable land or wild land. Also it is used for expansion of wastewater treatment plant. Land acquisition and house demolition are in table 4-3-1 and 4-3-2.

70 Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection Liuzhou Environment Management Project - Wastewater Treatment Component

Table 4-3-1 Land acquisition and house demolition Land acquisition (mou) Affected residents Affected enterprises shops Total Farmland Number Number Dismantled Number Number Dismantled Dismantled Number Area occupied area 2 2 2 of person house area ( i ) of person house area (im ) fences and sites (i ) area

Zhuexi creek Intercepting systern, river 214.54 30.54 508 2010 45789 12 324 13432 Fences :2000 36 500 rehabilitation channel fathering and Site: 4130 construction of landscape

Baisha Rebuild existing drain 3 0 116 460 9300 11 0 2000 2000 16 1400 wastewater trunk canal, newbuild treatment plant some pipe duct Baisha WwTP(new build) 133.27 133.27 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Longquanshan Longquanshan WwTP 62 62 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 wastewater (expansion) treatment plant

Yanghe Newbuild sewers and 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 wastewater wastewater pump wastewater____ station treatmnent plant Yanghe WwTP (new 133.05 133.05 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 build)) Labao Newbuild sewer and 1.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 wastewater Pumping Station _ treatrnent plant Labao WwTP (new build) 38.93 38.93 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Jinglang Jinglang wastewater 30 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 wastewater pump station( new build) pump station

Total 621.29 427.79 624 2470 55089 23 324 15432 Fence :5000 52 1900 Site :4130

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In addition, a lot of land will be used temporarily during Zhuexi creek rehabilitation, intercepting pipeline works and wastewater treatment plant construction, which will affect agriculture and bring inconvenience to the residents. Table 4-3-2 type of land that is affected

item Affected area Location Land type Zhuexi creek rehabilitation Xingyun village. Motan village Liounan district I Machang village. Zhue village Liounan district 11 Baisha wastewater treatment Baisha village Lioubei district plant Baisha wastewater collecting Baisha village, several mains Lioubei district, chengzhong system district Longquanshan wastewater Jila village of Yangjiaosan county Yufeng district 111 treatment plant Yanghe wastewater treatment Yanghe village of Yangjiaosan county Yufeng district 111 plant Labao wastewater treatment Sixiang village of Labao county Liujiang county 1ll plant Jinglang wastewater pump Shengguan station of Jinglang village Yufeng district 11 station

4.3.1.4 Solid waste

A lot of construction refuse and sludge will be generated during constructing stage. Disposal of these solid will affect the environment to some extent. In addition, there will be domestic garbage produced by daily production and daily life of constructing workers during constructing stage.

4.3.1.5 Wastewater

Wastewater during constructing stage are mainly domestic wastewater of constructing workers, oily wastewater from constructing machines. Primary pollutant factors are CODc,, ammonia nitrogen, oil and SS.

4.3.1.6 Ecological environment

Impact on the ecological environment during construction stage is due to sediment, waste earth, soil erosion and vegetable destroy.

4.3.1.7 Social impact

2 The area of house demolition along the bank is 9721m , which will cause resettlement. Alteration of population structure and inhabiting environment can bring inconvenience on life and enployment of some residents.

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4.3.2 Pollution analysis during operation stage

4.3.2.1 Benefit analysis

This project includes five components. It is a municipal infrastructure construction project for improvement of water environment. At present, wastewater treatment percentage in Liuzhou city is only 12.5%, far behind the cities with same scale and below state environmental protection demand, which have seriously confined the development of the economy. The increased wastewater treatment capacity is 40XI 04m3/d after the project is finished. It is predicted that wastewater treatment percentage in Liuzhou city will come to 71.2% in year 2010. Water quality, water environment and ecological environment will be improved. Normal operation of basic function of the city will be maintained to harmonize the development of society, economy and environment. People's quality of life will be enhanced. Environmental impact factors in the project are various. The benefit is listed in table 4-3-3. pollutant quantity discharged into surface water and reduction amount are in table 4-3-4. Table 4-3-3 Benefit of Wastewater Treatment Component Component Description Benefit Intercepting system: constructing north and south Intercepting all outlet along Zhuexi creek to intercepting main protect Liujiang water source Riverrehabilitation sedimen dredging,reve Thoroughly improve flood prevention and Zhuexi creek River rehabl sedientm , impoundment function, guarantee the normal rehabilitation , b operation of flood pump station at downstream Landscapingvegetation alon both sidesofri Restore the eco-system and landscape along the Landscapig: vegetaion along both sides of rver, bank, alter dirty, rotten and shabby situation along the bank to benifit the economic development Baisha wastewater treatment plant include of intercepting main and wastewater treatment plant construction. Total length of intercepting main is 18.77 km.

Expandion of Longquanshan wastewater treatment. Construction of intercepting pipes is the The proposed construction capacity is prerequisite for wastewater treatment and 4 3 15XI0 m /d. improving surface water quality. After treatment Wastewater of the Wastewater intercepted, pollutant will be treatment plant reduced to BODs 83.3 90.0%, CODc, 80- Capacity of Yanghe treatment plant is 12.5 85%, SS 87.5-92.0%, NH3 -N 50-86% and TP 4 3 Xl0 m /d. 66.7-75.0%.Therefore, surface water quality is improved.

The short term capacity of Labao wastewater treatment plant is 2.5 Xl0 4m3 /d.

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Table 4-3-4 pollutant discharged into surface water and reduction amount (according to design)

WwTP SS (t/d) BOD5 (Wtd) CODcr (t/d) NH3 -N (t/d) TP (t/d) Before After Before After Before After Before After Before After treatment treatment treatment treatment treatment treatment treatment treatment treatment treatment Baisha 16 <2 12 <2 26 <6 2.5 < 1.5 0.4 <0.15

Longquanshan (include 40 <5 35 <5 75 <15 7.5 <3.75 0.875 <0.375 phase 1) Yanghe 31.25 < 2.5 25 < 2.5 43.75 <7.5 3.75 < 1.875 0.5 <0.1875

Labao 4 <0.5 3 <0.5 7.5 < 1.5 0.625 <0.375 0.0875 <0.0375

Total 91.25 <10 75 <10 152.3 <30 14.38 < 7.5 1.86 <0.75

Removal >81.25 >65 > 122.3 >6.88 > 1.11

4.3.2.2 pollution analysis of Zhuexi creek rehabilitation

Pollution source during operation stage is mainly from wastewater overflow, solid waste on screen and odor; ( 1 ) water pollution source Wastewater overflow mainly takes place during rainstorm. When there's long time rainstorm, and for the wastewater intercepting coefficient is only 1.0, there will be wastewater overflow into Zhuexi creek, which will affect water quality of Zhuexi creek and surrouding environment.

(2) solid waste After completion of Zhuexi creek rehabilitation, solid waste mainly comes from screenings and riverbed sludge. Screenings amount is around 2-5 m3/d and average moisture content is 80%. They will be sent to municipal landfill. After proper dewatering, moisture content of sludge can be reduced to 70-80%, which is non-flowable solid waste and sent to Lichonggou landfill for disposal.

( 3 ) odor Odor source is mainly from screen room. The primary components are H2S, NH3 and methanethiol. For in the screen room of this project, there produce very slight odor only at high temperature, so the impact for the environment is not significant.

4.3.2.3 pollution analysis of wastewater treatment plant

Major pollution source during the operation of wastewater treatment plant are solid waste (including residual sludge, screenings and grit etc.), noise, WWTP's domestic wastewater, process wastewater and odor etc. ( 1 ) pollutant generation from wastewater treatment Pollutabt generation in Baisha treatment plant, Longquanshan treatment plant, Yanghe treatment plant and Labao treatment plant are in figure 4-3-1, figure 4-3-2, figure 4-3-3 and figure 4-3-4 respectively.

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(2) wastewater (Qeffluent discharge according to design, effluent discharge at 4 wastewater treatment plant is in table 4-3-5. Table 4-3-5 effluent discharge (according to design)

Wastewater . .Emergency dischwaerg Pollution Concentration Designed discharge dshrge Component discbarge Pollution of the pollutant amount discharge Remark amount factors (dmg/L) (t/d ) (10 4m3 !/d) CODCr <60 <6.0 26 Baisha BODs <20 <2.0 12 wastewater 10 SS <20 <2.0 16 treatment plant NH3 -N < 15 < 1.5 2.5 TP <1.5 <0.15 0.4 CODc, <60 < 15 75 Effluent Longquanshan BOD5 <20 < 5 35 directly wastewater 25 SS <20 < 5 40 discharged treatment plant (Phase ti) NH3-N < 15 <3.75 7.5 into TP < 1.5 <0.375 0.875 Liujiang CODcr <60 < 7.5 43.75 river

Yanghe BOD5 <20 < 2.5 25 wastewater 12.5 SS <20 <2.5 31.25 treatment plant NH3 -N < 15 < 1.875 3.75 TP < 1.5 < 0.1875 0.5 CODcr <60 < 1.5 7.5 Effluent Labao BODs <20 <0.5 3.0 directly wastewater 2.5 SS <20 <0.5 4.0 discharged treatment plant NH3 -N < 15 <0.375 0.625 into south T______IP < 1.5 <0.0375 0.0875 Jiuqu river ®Process and domestic wastewater Waste water can also be generated during operation of wastewater treatment plant, including domestic wastewater in WWTP and process wastewater. Because wastewater pump stations are scattered, and domestic wastewater amounts generated are small, so they are not included. Wastewater discharge at each wastewater treatment plant is in table 4-3-6.

(3 ) odor pollutant Odor-emitting facilities in wastewater treatment plant include screen, influent pump station, grit chamber, biological reaction tank, sludge thickening tank and sludge dewatering workshop etc. H2 S and NH3 are used for environmental assessment of odor of wastewater treatment plant. Odor source intensity can be determined by analogy method. From the analogy with Tianjing Jingzuanzi wastewater treatment plant, Hangzhou Sibao wastewater treatment plant, Shenzheng Baoanguwu wastewater treatment plant (phase I), the intensity of odor for each wastewater treatment plant in this proposed project is strong. (see table 4-3-7)

(4) noise

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Noise source of wastewater treatment plant is mainly from pump, blower etc. In this project, analogy method will be use for noise source analysis during operation stage. The analogy WWTPs are Gaobeidian and Fangzuan wastewater treatment plants.

(5) solid waste In solid waste from wastewater treatment plant, there's little production at coarse/fine screens and grit chamber. The primary solid waste comes from sludge cake produced by residual sludge thickening which is discharged from secondary sedimentation tank. Table 4-3-6 water pollutant discharge Amount Discharge direction WwTP NO. Wastewater type Wastewater source (m 3 /d) style

I Grit/water separation Grit and water separator 100 continuous

2 Sludge/water Sludge centrifuge concentrator 1301.7 continuous Baisha separation Sludge/water 3 Sludgepaatio Sludge centrifuge extractor 416.5 continuous sepaTation 4 Domestic wastewater Office building 15.36 intermittent 5 Grit/water separation grit and water separator 150 continuous

6 Sludge/water Sludge centrifuge concentrator 2101.7 continuous Longquansha separation n Sludge/water n7 Sludgepaatio Sludge centrifuge extractor 557.3 continuous separation 8 Domestic wastewater Office building 5.76 intermittent Back to Influent 9 Grit/water separation grit and water separator 125 continuous pump station

10 Sludge/water Sludge centrifuge concentrator 1466.7 continuous Yanghe separation Sludge/water 11 dseparation Sludge centrifuge extractor 689.3 continuous

12 Domestic wastewater Office building 13.44 intermittent 1 3 Grit/water separation Grit and water separator 25 continuous Sludge/water 14 .Sludge/waterSludge centrifuge concentrator 376.6 continuous

Sludge/water 15 seaato Sludge centrifuge extractor 116.4 continuous separation 16 Domestic wastewater Office building 13.44 intermittent

Table 4-3-7 analogy analysis of odor source intensity Odor discharge amount WWTP . 11H2S(kg/h) NH3 (kg/h) Baisha wastewater treatment plant 0.0756 0.398 Expansion of Longquanshan 0.1134 0.598 wastewater treatment plant 0.1134 0.598 Yanghe wastewater treatment plant 0.0945 0.498 Labao wastewater treatment plant 0.0189 0.100

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Table 4-3-8 noise analogy analysis of wastewater treatment plant

wastewater treatment plant Monitoring point Noise level dB(A) Indoor of influent pump station 79.7 Gaobeidian Im outside pump station 56.3 Indoor of blower room 83.8 Im outside blower room 49.3 Indoor of influent pump station 79.5 Im outside pump station 59.1 Fangzhuan Indoor of pump station at grit chamber 77 Im outside pump station at grit 66 chamber Indoor of blower room 90 1 m outside blower room 63

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5. Environment impact analysis for construction stage

5.1 Air environment impact analysis

Two major air pollutants in the project are odor and dust.

5.1.1 Odor impact analysis

Odor emitted during river dredging and sludge transport will affect ambient environment. (1 ) Odor intensity Odor intensity is classified as 6 classes based on odor threshold. (table 5-1-1). Normally, Standard Limit is equivalent to odor intensity class 2.5-3.5. If the limit is exceeded, it is considered that odor pollution has taken place and measures should be taken.

Table 5-1-1 Classification of odor intensity

Class Intensity of odor 0 No odor I Hardly noticeable (detectable concentration threshold 2 Weak odor (confirmable concentration threshold) 3 Obvious odor 4 Strong odor 5 Extremely strong odor (2) Odor impact analysis Analogy method will be used to determine odor intensity. (0) Compared with Mudanjiang Nanpaozi dredging project (dry dredging in summer), the odor analysis is in table 5-1-2. Table 5-1-2. Odor intensity from Mudanjiang Nanpaozi dredging project (dry dredging)

distance Intensity of odor Class bank Obvious odor Class 3 30m away from the bank Slight odor Class 2 80m away from the bank Very slight odor Class I Beyond 100m No odor Class 0

(9)Nanning Nanhu lake improvement project employed wet dredging. There's only slight odor near the lake. Beyond 50m from the lake, there's almost no odor. (®)conclusion According to analogy analysis for the project, there will be obvious odor along the river during dredging; the odor intensity beyond 30m is Class 2 - slight odor, which is lower than limit (Class 2.5-3.5). Beyond 50m, there's almost no odor. There're many enterprises and residents along the bank of Zhuexi creek. Some sensitive points within 30m from project site will be affected during dredging. But these impacts are temporary. With the completion of construction, these impacts will end. During public consultation, the residents beside

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Zhuexi creek have suffered greatly the odor problem and hope that the project be carried out as soon as possible. They all stated that odor emission during construction is acceptable. In odor to avoid odor problem during dredging, the sludge and wastes should be sent to Liconggou landfill for disposal. If sludge can not be transferred in short time, it should be put into straw bag for storge so as to minimize dust and odor emission and not affect nearby residents. In addition, sludge transport vehicles should be tightly closed to avoid dirt from escaping during transportation.

5.1.2 Dust impact analysis

House demolition and vehicles will produce or induce dust. There're many enterprises and residents beside Zhuexi creek.(table 1-5-1). Dust pollution during construction should be paid enough attention and measures should be taken to mitigate dust pollution.

During piping and wastewater treatment plant construction, main air pollutant is dust, including dust from earthwork, dust induced by vehicles, dust that spills during transportation etc.. During piping construction, great amount of earth will be excavated. Some will be refilled and the other will be disposal. Normally, the earth will be stored open air for 15-20 days. When this earth become dry, in case of wind, dust will be carried into air. According to analogy study, under condition of strong wind, dust concentration within Im from construction site is 3mg/n 3 ; within 25m, it is 1.53mg/m3. TSP concentration exceeds the standard within 60m leeward the dust source.

During the construction of Baisha wastewater treatment plant, because Huilong village and local medine school are near the construction site, they will suffer dust problem.

Jila village is the nearest village from the proposed longquanshan wastewater plant. The distance is 1 80m. Construction dust has little impact on the village.

Dust produced during construction of Labao wastewater treatment plant will pollute the air in the middle and lower part of Jiangdu village.

5.2 Sound environment impact analysis

(1) Noise source intensity Construction noise is mainly generated by construction machines and transportation vehicles. Noise intensity vary in different construction stages, at different site and with different construction method. Construction machines are various. Because the machines are often operated open air and there are no noise insulation or mitigation measures, the noise can be transmitted far away, influencing a large area. Noise levels generated from some major construction machines are shown in table 5-2-1.

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Table 5-2-1 noise level of major high noise equipments

No. Equipment Noise level dB(A) I Air compressor 110 2 crusher 97 3 excavator 79-83 4 bulldozer 85 5 loader 85 6 elevator 72 7 windlass 97 8 motorlorry (above lot) 79-83 9 crane 76 10 electric saw 90 11 welding machine 78 12 grafter 80 13 road roller 84 14 Pile driver 110 15 Pounding stick 105 16 Concrete pump 85 (2) Noise impact at construction site Noise source at construction site is mainly high noise construction machines which will be used in different constructing stages. The noise level of single equipment is between 76 dB(A) and 110 dB(A). All these construction equipments can't be sheltered and have to be placed open air. With the attenuation of noise during transmission, the noise level can be calculated according to following formula. lgr2 L2 = L1 - 20 log- rl in the formula: L2. L -- noise level at rl and r2 rl. r2 distance from noise source For calculation, rl = lm. Noise attenuation of construction equipments are shown in table 5-2-2.

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Table 5-2-2 noise attenuation of construction equipment

No. Noise source Noise Noise at different distance from noise source intensity 20m 40m 60m 80m I OOm 200m 300m 500m Air compressor 110 84 78 74 72 70 64 60 56 2 crusher 97 71 65 61 59 57 51 47 43 3 excavator 83 57 51 47 45 43 37 - - 4 bulldozer 85 59 53 49 47 45 39 5 loader 85 59 53 49 47 45 39 6 elevator 72 46 40 36 - - - - - 7 windlass 97 71 65 61 59 57 51 47 43 8 motorlorry 83 57 51 47 45 43 37 - - 9 crane 76 50 44 40 38 36 - - - 10 electric saw 90 64 58 54 52 50 44 40 36 11 welding machine 78 52 46 42 40 38 - - - 12 grafter 80 54 48 44 42 40 34 13 road roller 84 58 52 48 46 44 38 - - 14 piledriver 110 84 78 74 72 70 64 60 56 15 Pounding stick 105 79 73 69 67 65 59 55 51 16 Concrete pump 85 59 53 49 47 45 39 - - Construction machines are major noise sources during construction period. Excluding the mitigation function of houses, trees and air, the maximum noise level is 7OdB(A) 1OOmaway from the boundary of the construction site. At the place 500m away from the boundary of construction site, the maximum noise level is 56 dB(A), which can virtually meet the requirement on nighttime noise for construction site. If the mitigation function of houses and trees is taken into consideration, assuming the noise level is reduced by 15 dB, the noise at the place lOOm away from construction site can meet daytime noise requirement. There are many sensitive points around Zhuexi Creek and piping construction site. So the Zhuexi Creek rehabilitation Component will have some impact on environment. Noise generated during construction of Baisha wastewater treatment plant will have impact on ambient sound environment at Huilong village and local medicine school. Jila village is the nearest village from the longquanshan wastewater plant phase II. The distance is 180m. Daytime construction noise is relatively small, but nighttime construction will disturb the residents.

5.3 Environmental impact of solid waste

(1) Pollution source analysis Solid waste during construction period mainly include sludge and wastes produced from river dredging; muck, root and detritus from earthwork; construction refuse from house demolition; solid waste from material transportation; remaining stone, cement and other material. In addition, construction workers will generate some domestic garbage. (2) Environmental impact analysis

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()Sludge and wastes produced from dredging 33027m3 sludge will be dredged during Zhuexi creek rehabilitation component. Besides natural reasons( wind, rain water flushing and dust fall), the major sources of sediment on Zhuexi creek bed is from industrial wastewater and domestic wastewater. Heavy metals in Zhuexi creek's sludge were monitored in year 2004 by Liuzhou environmental science research institute. The results showed that total Cd in each monitoring point exceeds China pollutant control standard (GB4284-84) of sludge for agricultural use and can't be used in agriculture. So sludge should be sent to Lichonggou landfill for disposal. (details of Liconggou landfill are described in 6.3.3). It is estimated that construction refuse and domestic garbage from Zhuexi creek rehabilitation component will exceed 1300m3 . These garbage will be sent to Liconggou landfill for disposal. ()Constructing refuse 5972 1m2 of houses will be demolished. During construction of wastewater treatment plant, some stone, muck and constructing materials will be rejected. If the construction refuse is not properly disposed, it will degrade the urban landscape. What's more, it can generate dust in windy or dry weather. Earth and construction refuse are all ordinary solid waste which contain no harmful composition, so they can be disposed by foundation refilling, lowland filling or used for river bank landscaping. Other refuse can be sent to Ouyangling landfill or Liconggou landfill for disposal. Generally, disposal for rejected earth produces little adverse impact on environment. (®)domesticgarbage Construction workers will produce some domestic garbage. If the garbage is not disposed in short time, under certain temperature, it will be the hotbed for mosquitoes, generate odor and become the source of pathogen. So, domestic garbage problem should be emphasized by environmental sanitation authority. The garbage should be properly disposed so as not to cause environment problems.

5.4 Water environment impact analysis

(1) Water pollution sources during construction period During constructing period, great amount of wastewater will be produced from cleaning, concrete making, installation etc. In addition, the construction needs a lot of construction workers and they will produce domestic wastewater. Depending on construction quantity and construction period for the wastewater treatment plant, domestic wastewater from construction workers can be calculated. (see table 5-4-1) Table 54-1 domestic wastewater generated during construction stage

Plant Construction workers Water demand (t/d) Domestic wastewater generated (t/d) Baisha wastewater treatment 80 8.0 6.4 plant Longquanshan wastewater 80 8.0 6.4 treatment plant Yanghe wastewater 100 10.0 8.0 treatment plant Labao wastewater treatment 50 5.0 4.0 plant (2) Environmental impact of wastewater during construction period

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(DConstruction wastewater Major pollutants in construction wastewater are inorganic suspended mater(SS) and extremely small quantity of oil. With natual sedimentation and adsorption, pollutants will be soon settled and will have little impact on surface water and groundwater.

(9)domestic wastewater

Primary pollutants in domestic wastewater are COD, BOD5, SS, ammonia nitrogen and oil. According to analogy investigation, the wastewater water quality will be COD 300 mg/I, BOD5 150 mg/l and SS 150 mg/l. Zhuexi creek rehabilitation and piping construction should make best use of existing facilities near the construction site. At construction site of wastewater treatment plant, dry toilet should be built. The dejecta should be collected and transferred away regularly. It can be used as fertilizer for farmland and green space.

5.5 Ecological environment impact analysis

(1) Piping construction Excavation during piping construction will destroy vegetation and affect ecological environment. The construction of river-crossing pipe under Liujiang River will generate SS in the river and change the dissolved oxygen. Also heavy metal in sediment may diffuse in the river and the pH value may change. (DImpact on fishery resources Because of excessive and improper fishing in recent years, fishery resource in the assessment area of Liujiang River has greatly decreased and there's no professional fishmen now. Some former fishmen have changed their jobs into fish farming. At present, fresh fish in the market are mainly from fishpond. To construct river-crossing pipe under Liujiang River has small impact on fishery. ()Impact on aquatic life Construction of river-crossing pipe will employ sinking pipe method. Foundation ditch need to be excavated for sinking pipe. The works will change the flow speed of Liujiang river, which will affect settlement and movement of mud and sand in the river. Also it can affect plankton and bottom fauna.

(2) Ecological environment impact analysis The permanent land use for project is 621.29 mu (include wastewater collection system and wastewater treatment plant). Currently the land is fishpond, vegetable farm or wild land. Also it is reserved for expansion of existing wastewater treatment plant or for new wastewater treatment plants. Land acquisition and house demolition are shown in table 4-3-1 and 4-3-2. All the surface vegetation within permanent project land will be removed during construction period, including crops, trees and natural vegetation. So natural landscape will be reduced and soil erosion will increase. In addition, some land will be used temporarily during construction for construction material storage, earth excavation and waste earth dumping. On these temporary used land, vegetation will be removed and thus affect the ecological environment. After the construction is completed, the land will be reclaimed.

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(3) Impact on landscape The project will cover a large area. During piping construction and river improvement, the construction site will show an unpleasant view. During transfer of earth, some earth may spill out of trucks. It will make roads dirty and cause dust problem, thus degrading the landscape. So cleaning at the construction site is very important. The project's adverse impact on the landscape is temporary and can be restored.

5.6 Soil erosion analysis

Generally, a construction project may cause soil erosion problem in two ways. Excavating will destroy surface vegetation and soil erosion will take place when it rains. Temporary land use will also destroy the original vegetation and accelerate the soil erosion. If the management on material storage and waste earth dumping is no proper, soil erosion will take place. In this project, soil erosion problem will occur mainly during earthwork and construction of wastewater plant. (1) Construction of wastewater treatment plant Baisha wastewater plant lies in the edge of Huilonggou village, where is currently channel and fishpond. Ground elevation is around 74.2-85.9m and vegetation coverage ratio is low at the construction site. The land is mainly vegetable farm and beach. The project will cover about 88846.7m 2 .

Longquanshan wastewater treatment plant lies to the south of existing plant. Currently, the land is 2 vegetable farm and wasteland. Ground elevation is around 75.5-85m and the land area is 41333.5 m . Yanghe wastewater treatment plant lies in Yanghe village to north of Liujiang River. Currently, the land is vegetable farm and wasteland. Ground elevation is around 74.5-84.5m and the land area is 88700 m2.

Labao wastewater treatment plant lies in Jiandu village to southeast of Labao County. Currently, the 2 land is vegetable farm. Ground elevation is around 96.5-97.5m and the land area is 25953 mi . Soil erosion quantity during construction of wastewater treatment plant can be calculated by experimental formula. Soil erosion quantity= soil erosion modulus X area Experimental parameters for soil erosion in different region of china are in following table. Table 5-6-1 Experimental parameters for soil erosion in different region of china region Northeast China North China Hilly land in loessial plateau south China Soil erosion (t/km2 * a) 200 500 1000 1000 Accordingly, the maximum soil erosion in the proposed project can be calculated.

Table 5-6-2 Soil erosion estimation

District Baisha Longquanshan | Yanghe Labao Soil erosion quantity (t/a) 88.8 41.3 88.7 25.9

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Soil erosion quantity is computed on the condition of complete open excavation. As with excavation, some structures will be constructed and ground will be paved. So, actual soil erosion quantity is far less than above data. But vegetation will be destroyed during construction of wastewater treatment plant. If proper preventive measures are not taken, soil erosion quantity of proposed project will increase significantly.

(2) Piping construction Piping works mainly lies in plain area of the city. If management can be enhanced, soil erosion due to piping construction will be greatly decreased. Reasonable storage for earth at construction site should be emphasized. Earth should be placed far enough from sewers and river channel. Construction material and waste earth should be covered by paulin in wind or rain weather.

(3) Borrow Large quantity of earthwork is needed for the project. Earthwork quantity and borrows are shown in table 5-6-3. Table 5-6-3 Earthwork quantity estimation

4 3 Component Earthwork quantity (Xl0 mM) Borrow Baisha wastewater treatment plant 45.6 East side of river Longquanshan wastewater 27.6 Lioushi road treatment plant Yanghe wastewater collection 34.68 East of Yanghe wastewater treatment plan system Labao wastewater collection 3.92 Nearby hill or fishpond system Surface vegetation will be destroyed during excavation at borrows. At the same time, a lot of waste earth will be produced. In case of rain or wind, soil erosion will take place and ecological system will be affected. So, in order to minimize soil erosion, effictive measures should be taken for water and soil conservation. The meausures include concentrated earth acquisition, reclamation of surface vegetation and topsoil after excavation.

5.7 impact on traffic

The construction of project will affect traffic in three ways: O traffic block due to piping construction © traffic block due to earth excavation and earth storage © Additional transportation vehicles for the construction project The traffic impact is primarily the impact on road traffic (Details in table 5-7-1)

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Table 5-7-1 Traffic impacts and solution

Activity Involved component Impact on traffic Solution (®) More traffic flow. (Enhance traffic management. May block traffic Arrange transportation in Material All components (© Leakage of earth, non-peak hours transportation stone or sand. May © Trucks should not overload. cause accident and Avoid material from escaping damage road. out of trucks. Zhuexi creek rehabilitation May damage road or (DConstruct section by section. Piping construction Baisha wastewater collection system block traffic After excavation, refill as soon Yanghe wastewater collection as possible. system ©Build temporary road and set Labao wastewater collection system up alert mark. Dedicated traffic managers are needed. The impact on traffic during sewer construction is obvious. During the construction period, some earth will be piled temporarily which will affect traffic. When a pipe needs cross a road, if open excavation method is employed. the road traffic will be blocked. So if feasible, pipe-pushing method is recommended to decrease the traffic impact. But since the bearing capacity will be reduced, temporarily, heavy trucks will be forbidden to pass. It is estimated that the construction of road crossing pipe needs 20 days. So the traffic impact will last for around 20 days.

Large quantity of raw material (sand stone, cement and so on) and waste earth will be transported. But because they can be transported gradually and transported at night, the material transportation have small impact on urban traffic.

5.8 health and safety

The Wastewater Treatment Component is a large project. Many construction workers will be employed. They will come from different regions. Because housing and sanitation for workers are weak and unsatisfied, there will be risk of epidemic. In order to guarantee the health of workers, all the workers should receive physical examination. Those who have contagious disease should be restrained to enter into the construction site. Physical examination for the food service staff should be performed regularly. If a food service employee develops epidemic disease, he/she should be treated immediately and leave his/her position. Water supply facilities should be provided and the water needs to be disinfected and monitored. There should be adequate medical and sanitary facilities at the construction site. The health and safety of construction workers should be well protected to ensure smooth construction.

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6. Regional Environmental Impact Predication and Assessment

6.1 Water Environmental Impact Predication and Assessment

The EIA report summarizes water environmental impact prediction. For the details, please see "the water environment impact assessment fascicule of "Liuzhou Environment Management Project - WastewaterTreatment Component"

Depending on the current water environmental situation of Liuzhou City and existing problems, the purpose of the Wastewater Treatment Component are: 0 Zhuexi Creek rehabilitation (intercepting wastewater, dredging sediments and the landscaping). To improve the water quality of Zhuexi Creek and the surrounding environmental situation ,meanwhile, mitigating pollution at water source of Liunan Water Plant and Liudong Water Plant. (0 Labao Wastewater Treatment Plant. To improve the water environmental situation of Jiuqu River, Maohe River and Xiangshuihe River. ©) Baisha Wastewater Treatment Plant (including Huandao wastewater interception). To solve the problem that the inappropriate wastewater discharge at Huandao pollutes the water source of Liuzhou City. (A) Yanghe Wastewater Treatment Plant. To treat the wastewater intercepted at east side of river and the wastewater generated during construction of Yanghe Industrial Development Zone. The implementation of Liuzhou Environment Management Project - Wastewater Treatment Component will improve the water environmental situation of Liuzhou City. However, What will be the result? Can the project achieve goals? After the implementation of the project, will effluent cause new environmental problems? Answers to these questions are one of the most important issues to be discussed in this assessment.

6.1.1 Water quality prediction

The implementation of the project will greatly change the situation that polluted water discharge into rivers directly. Also the outlet location and pollutant quantity will be changed .The assessment will predict the improvement of the water quality of relevant water reaches of Liujiang River, Jiuqu River and Zhuexi Creek after the completion of Baisha, Longquanshan (2nd phase), Yanghe and Labao Wastewater Plants. And the assessment will predict the pollution contribution of each Wastewater Treatment Plants to all the relevant river reaches of Liujiang River, Jiuqu River. The concentration of pollutants in these river reaches will be predicted.

6.1.2 Prediction factors and models

6.1.2.1 Prediction Factors

The factors for predicting and assessing the impact on water environmental are CODcr, BOD5 and NH3 -N.

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6.1.2.2 Prediction model (1) Model for Liujiang River assessment For non- permanent pollutant:

2 X j CpQp q2 ( (2Qh- q) C(x,q) = EXP(-K, 86400u)'- 7 EXP EX4MXP 4M-|] + Ch

q = huy M =h2UM

In the formula: C (x, q) - Pollutant concentration at projection point (mg/1) X-the vertical coordinates of projection point (m)

3 q- the accumulative flowrate at projection point (m /s) , q= -Qh

3 Cp . Qp -the wastewater concentration and discharge quantity ( mg/l. m /s)

h-the average depth of river ( m )

u-the average flow speed of river (m/s)

My-the diffusion coefficient (m2 /s)

k1 -the degradation rate of pollutant ( 1/d), the coefficients of degradation rate of

BOD5 and CODcr. NH3 -N are respectively kb. k,. kn

B-the width of river (m)

Ch-the background concentration of pollutants (mg/1)

The horizon diffusion coefficient:

M y = (0.058 h + 0.0065 B) ghi

After the complement of Liujiang Honghua Hydro Dam, the flowrate at lower reach is 192.3m3/s at least. Therefore, in this assessment and prediction for water environmental situation, it is assumed that the flowrate of 192.3m3/s for calculation. The hydrological parameters for calculation are also on the basis of flowrate of 192.3 m3/s. (2) The assessment model for Jiuquhe river and Zhuexi Creek

CI =CO *EXP(- kIx ) 86400u

In the formula:

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CT. CO stand for the concentration of pollutants at prediction cross-section and the beginning cross-section (mg/1) The worst environmental impact on Jiuqu River will take place in dry season. So in this water environmental impact prediction and assessment, flowrate and hydrological parameters in dry season will be used.

6.1.3 Prediction period

(1) Jiuqu River, Zhuexi Creek

Year 2009, when Labao wastewater treatment plant is put into service and the Zhuexi Creek wastewater interception is completed.

(2) Liujiang River OAfter the Honghua Hydro Dam is completed, and before the Baisha wastewater treatment plant, the Longquanshan wastewater treatment plant phase II and Yanghe wastewater treatment plant are put into use. ®After the Honghua Hydro Dam is completed, and after the Baisha wastewater treatment plant, the Longquanshan wastewater treatment plant phase II and Yanghe wastewater treatment plant are put into use.

6.1.4 Prodiction on water quality improvement in Zhuexi Creek

6.1.4.1 South branch

Based on the modeling result, to ensure that the water quality at beginning cross-section (Niu-Ba-He cross section) comply with the standard, over 80 thousand tons per day of wastewater from more than 10 outlets will be intercepted. The quantity of COD, BOD5 , NH3 -N and TP discharged into creek will be reduced by 16.72, 5.78, 1.35 and 0.14 tons per day respectively. The water quality in south branch can meet the Class III of Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard (GB3838-2002).

6.1.4.2 North branch

Based on the modeling result, to ensure that the water quality at beginning cross-section (Long-Tun-Qiao cross section) comply with the standard, over 35 thousand tons per day of wastewater from about 10 outlets will be intercepted. The quantity of COD, BOD5, NH3 -N and TP discharged into creek will be reduced by 5.64, 2.16, 0.52 and 0.05 tons per day respectively. The water quality in north branch can meet the Class III of Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard (GB3838-2002).

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6.1.5 Prediction on water quality improvement at Jiuqu River

Jiuqu river is divided into two branches: the north one and the south one, they are jointed at the location of proposed Labao Wastewater Treatment Plant (railroad bridge). The south branch receives water from Sandou reservoir and Gongnong reservoir. The flow speed is 0.36m3/s. According to the survey about the current situation, the concentration of CODcr. BOD5. NH3-N are small, the water quality is relatively good (the concentration of CODcr. BOD5. NH3-N is 5.06 mg/L. undetectable. 0.49 mg/L respectively)

The north branch receives water from Labao sugar factory, Bechun, Xingtian, Hejia, Zhangmu, Jiandu and other drains. The concentrations of COD, BOD5, NH3-N exceed the standard a lot. The purpose of Labao Wastewater Treatment Plant is to treat wastewater from above-mentioned sources. The treated wastewater then will be discharged into Jiuqu River. By doing so, the water quality of reach from Bocun Village cross-section to Labao Wastewater Treatment Plant, about 10 kilometers long, will be changed greatly and can meet Class III of Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard (GB3838-2002).

6.1.6 Water Environmental Impact Prediction and Assessment for Liujiang River

According to the location of outlet of the wastewater treatments plants and Liuzhou Wastewater Management Plan, water environmental impact predictions for 4 individual water bodies are performed in this EIA.

6.1.6.1 The first water body

The first water body is a reach of Liujiang River from 1 kilometer upstream of the intake of Liubei Water Plant to the convergence of Huilong canal and Liujiang River. The total length is 17.5 kilometers. The key reach is the Grade I water source (between 1 kilometer upstream of the intake of Liubei water plant and 200 meters downstream of the intake of Liudong water plant).

After the completion of construction of Liuzhou Water Environmental all the wastewater outlets in the area of drinking water source will be closed, and the wastewater will be intercepted into Longquanshan and Baisha Wastewater Treatment Plant. The treated wastewater can be discharged into Liujiang River. By doing this, the pollution in drinking water source in Liujiang River will disappear, The water quality of intakes of Liunan and Liudong Water Plants will meet the Class II of Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard (GB3838-2002).

The reach from 200m downstream of the intake of Liudong water plant to the convergence of Huilong canal (Liubei trunk canal) and Liujiang River is 5.9 kilometer long. The water quality in this reach can meet the standard Class II of Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard (GB3838-2002) because all discharge outlets are closed (wastewater of Hedong area will be treated and discharged to lower reach).

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6.1.6.2 The second water body

The river reach is between the convergence of Huilong Canal and the convergence of Liushi trunk canal. The total length is 34.3km. The project is for environmental protection. So the project will improve Liuzhou's water environment. It should be predicted that whether the effluent at new outlets will pollute the water in lower reach.

(1) Effect of Baisha Wastewater Treatment Plant on Liujiang River Environment (the reach where wastewater is intercepted) (DThe wastewater will be intercepted and transported to the lower reach. More than 20 discharge outlets will be closed. As a result, the amount of wastewater discharged into the drinking water source of Liuzhou City will be reduced by about 0. lmillion tons per day. The discharge quantity of pollutants will be reduced by 47.6 tons daily. Among pollutants, the reduction of BOD5 is 10 tons per day, reduction of CODcr is 24 tons per day, SS 12 tons per day and NH3 -N around 1.6 tons per day. (© More than 20 pollution 2 area will be eliminated (the water area is about 400 thousand m ). Therefore, the water quality of the drinking water source is greatly improved ( it will meet Class II of Surface Water EnvironmentalQuality Standard (GB3838-2002)). (O)The landform of river bed is a protruding bank type. Shallow beaches are often exposed in dry season. The sludge and pollutants from drains and channels are deposited in the shallow beaches. The overspreading of dirty water and the effluvial smell greatly degrade the eco-environment and scenery along the river. Liuzhou is named as "Pot City". The City is like a natural potted landscape. And it's always famous for the beautiful scenery and peculiar landscape. This river reach is included in tourism and sightseeing area. However, the current environment situation cannot satisfy this requirement. Fortunately, such a situation will be total eliminated after the wastewater interception, and the environment in the 50 thousand-m2 areas will change greatly.

(2) Effect of Jinglan trunk canal interception component on Liujiang River environment After the wastewater beside Jinglan Trunk Canal is intercepted and transported into Yanghe wastewater Treatment Plant, the water quality of the original polluted reach (between the dock of 434 factory and the effluent outlet Longquanshan Wastewater Treatment Plant, about 10km long) will be improved. As a result, pollution caused by the wastewater discharged from Liushi Trunk Canal (the effluent from Longquanshan Wastewater Treatment Plant) will be mitigated greatly.

(3) Predication and assessment on the impact of pollution sources on the water environment of receiving river reach In the reach, apart from the pollution sources flowing into Baisha wastewater plant, there are other three major pollution sources that are related to the concentration of BOD5, CODcr and NH3-N in assessment area: Huilong canal (Liubei Trunk Canal), Xianglan River and Liujiang Paper Mill. Under the condition of normal operation of Baisha wastewater treatment plant, pollutants in the effluent of the WWTP are very small. In the case of accident discharge, the pollutants from the WWTP account for about 20% only. Since Honghua Hydro Dam will be put into use before the completion of LZEMP, two predictions for two phases are performed in this assessment: Before completion of LZEMP and After completion of LZEMP

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(OBefore completion of LZEMP Large volume of pollutants is discharged from the three discharge outlets in the control area, especially Huilong Canal and Liujiang Paper Mill. According to the prediction results, before completion of LZEMP, the maximum concentrations of CODcr, BODS and NH3-N at Luo-Bu cross-section (12.5Km downstream of Huilong Canal) are 0.91,1.38,0.38 times greater than the standard limits. The flowrate going through polluted water zone accounts for 20% the flowrate going through the whole cross-section. The polluted water area is beyond the mix area and transition area. (9)After completion of LZEMP Large volume of pollutants is discharged from the three discharge outlets in the control area, especially Huilong Canal and Liujiang Paper Mill. According to the prediction results, before completion of LZEMP, the maximum concentrations of CODcr, BOD5 and NH3-N at Luo-Bu cross-section (12.5Km downstream of Huilong Canal) are 0.41, 0.41, 0.04 times greater than the standard limits. The flowrate going through polluted water zone accounts for less than 10% the flowrate going through the whole cross-section. And the polluted water is in a limited area, which will not affect the function of water body.

Under accidental discharge of Baisha Wastewater Treatment Plant, the concentrations of CODcr, BOD5 and NH3-N of Luo-bu cross-section are 0.91, 1.38 and 0.38 times more than the standard limit. The flowrate going through polluted water zone accounts for 20% the flowrate going through the whole cross-section. The polluted water area is beyond the mix area and transition area.

6.1.6.3 The third water body

The river reach is between the convergence of Liushi trunk canal and the outlet of wastewater from Lichonggou landfill. The total length is about 20km. (1) The main pollution sources: ()The effluent from Longquanshan Wastewater Treatment Plant (2)Xiangshui River (®)Theeffluent from Yanghe Wastewater Treatment Plant

(2) Predication and assessment on the impact of pollution sources on the water environment of receiving river reach During assessment period of this project, the main pollution sources in this river reach are Liushi trunk canal, Xiangshui River and Yanghe Wastewater Treatment Plant. Two predictions for two phases are performed in this assessment: (O)Beforecompletion of LZEMP Large amount of pollutants is discharged from the three outlets into the river reach. According to the prediction, before Baisha Wastewater Treatment Plant, Longquanshan Wastewater Treatment Plant, Yanghe Wastewater Treatment Plant and Labao Wastewater Treatment Plant are completed, pollution in lower reach of the outlet of Liushi trunk canal is very serious. The polluted water area is far beyond the mix area and transition area. (At present, the flowrate from upper reach is small. Generally, when Liujiang River's flowrate is large, the pollution is not so serious). ()After completion of LZEMP Large amount of pollutants is discharged from the three outlets into the river reach. But the pollutant concentrations are greatly reduced. According to the prediction result, under normal operation of

92 Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection Liuzhou Environment Management Project - Wastewater Treatment Component

Baisha Wastewater Treatment Plant, Longquanshan Wastewater Treatment Plant, Yanghe Wastewater Treatment Plant and Labao Wastewater Treatment Plant, The flowrate going through polluted water zone accounts for less than 10% the flowrate going through the whole cross-section. The pollution of BOD5 is a bit more significant. The flowrate going through BOD5 polluted water zone accounts for less than 10% the flowrate going through the whole cross-section. However, the polluted water zone in lower reach of the three discharge outlets is controlled within the mix area and transition area. Under failure of Baisha Wastewater Treatment Plant, Longquanshan Wastewater Treatment Plant, Yanghe Wastewater Treatment Plant, Labao Wastewater Treatment Plant, pollution in lower reach of the outlet of Liushi trunk canal is very serious. The polluted water area is far beyong the mix area and transition area. (At present, the flowrate from upper reach is small. Generally, when Liujiang River's flowrate is large, the pollution is not so serious). According to the prediction results, after the Honghua Hydro Dam is put into use, the water depth in the reservoir area (river-type reservoir) is over ten times more than before. The flow speed will decrease greatly and the movement and diffusion of pollutants are reduced. The pollutants concentrates near the banks, forning a narrow and long pollution zone. The width of pollution zone is narrower than before, but the concentration of pollutants in pollution zone is greater. Under normal operation of Baisha Wastewater Treatment Plant, Longquanshan Wastewater Treatment Plant, Yanghe Wastewater Treatment Plant, Labao Wastewater Treatment Plant, the flowrate going through polluted water zone accounts for less than 10% the flowrate going through the whole cross-section downstream of the pollution sources. After Honghua Hydro Dam is put into use, the width of Liujiang river will increase from about 300 meters to 600 meters, twice as large as previous width. In the dam, the flow speed will change greatly. Some areas in reservoir will become dead water area. In calculation for environmental impact, the flowrate in dead water area is 0. The dead water area will accumulate pollutants, and pollutants in dead water area are difficult to diffuse and flow to lower reach, which is the main reason of water quality deterioration in reservoir. The dead water areas in reservior are not the environmental sensitive areas, so they will not cause any new environment problem.

6.1.6.4 The fourth water body

The fourth water body is the reach of Liujiang River between the outlet of wastewater from Lichonggou landfill and the Honghua Hydro Dam. The length is about 7 km. The prediction results show that under normal operation of Lichonggou landfill Wastewater Treatment Plant, the pollution zone near the discharge outlet is very narrow (excluding the dead area); under accidental situation, the flowrate going through BOD-polluted water zone accounts for more than 30% the flowrate going through the whole cross-section. The pollution zone almost reaches the dam. But there is no sensitive site near the pollution zone.

6.1.7 Impact of wastewater overflow on environment

Because it is difficult to make sure the original conditions such as hydrological conditions, the concentration of pollutants, the water quality of influent and boundary conditions, it is difficult to

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection 93 Liuzhou Environment Management Project - Wastewater Treatment Component calculate quantitively the impact of wastewater overflow on environment. Here is just the qualitative analysis.

After the implementation of the project, most of overflow wells will be set up at Zhuexi Creek interception piping, the pumping station at Liuxi trunk canal, the pumping station at Zhuexi Creek, the pumping station at Huafengwan, Hebei peninsula interception piping and Hedong interception piping. Downstream of the overflow wells at Hebei peninsula interception piping and Hedong interception piping, there are no intakes for water supply. Therefore, if we properly design the overflow wells, they can ensure that the early rain water be collected and transferred into Wastewater Treatment Plants for treatment. So the water quality of related waters will not deteriorate.

If the overflow wells at Zhuexi Creek interception piping, the pumping station at Liuxi trunk canal, the pumping station at Zhuexi Creek, the pumping station of Huafeng port are not designed properly, they can not ensure the early rain water be collected and transferred into Wastewater Treatment Plants. Wastewater overflow will directly flow into Zhuexi Creek or the Grade I drinking water source in Liuchou city. Because the flowrate of Zhuexi Creek is small and the intakes of Liudong water plant and Liunan water plant are not far from overflow wells, the water quality of Zhuexi Creek and water sources for Liudong water plant and Liunan water plant will be polluted. The pollutants such as NH3-N, fecal coliformn BOD5, CODcr will exceed the standard. However, for this project, the purpose of wastewater interception is to improve water quality of Zhuexi Creek and to protect water quality of water supply. Therefore, the design should ensure enough capacity of overflow wells, making sure that the early rain water be intercepted and transported into wastewater treatment system. In addition, the flowrate of Liujiang river increases greatly in rainy season. Therefore, as long as the early rain water is intercepted, the later wastewater overflow will have limited impact on the river's water quality.

6.2 Biological and landscape impact assessment

6.2.1 The Zhuexi Creek rehabilitation

(1) landscaping analysis Zhuexi Creek is divided into two parts: south branch and north branch. At north branch, downstream of the Shangyou road, all wastewater will be discharged through culverts. At south branch, vegetation will be enhanced, serving as a natural barrier for the urban area. Original natural environment and landscape will be upgraded. At the same time, the impact of industrial zone on natural eco-environment will be mitigated. Combined with the long history cultural, taking Zhuexi Creek as the chain, connecting various squares near water , romantic grasslands, all kinds of bridges, the crook road, making a beautiful , natural landscape.

(2) Biological and landscape impact assessment (O) Impact of dredging project on aquatic life Dredging project will damage the habitation of aquatic life. Most of the aquatic animals/plants who live in the Creek will be removed. The original biological system will be totally destroyed. At present,

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection 94 Liuzhou Environment Management Project - Wastewater Treatment Component

the aquatic biological system of Zhuexi Creek is a polluted one. The aquatic lives are mainly resistant to pollution, and there is no species which need to be protected. After the completion of the dredging project, the biological environment will be improved, and the aquatic lives that are adaptive to clean environment will dominant. For example, the diatom will become prosperous, on the contrary, blue algae will been hardly seen. After dredging, the lake will be clearer and more transparent, and the smelly odor will be eliminated. Therefore, the tourism value will increase. A beautiful scene that "yachts float in the lake and fish swim in the water" will become real. A benign biological cycle will be established. (©) Impact on terrestrial eco-system The project will upgrade the original natural environment and landscape, mitigating the impact of industrial zone on natural ecological environment. The project will also enhance vegetation in the city, upgrade urban landscape, and increase the biological diversity. In summary, the implementation of the project is important for the improvement of biological environment.

6.2.2 Wastewater treatment plants

Mainly, the construction of wastewater treatment plants will have positive impact on the urban ecological environment. The adverse impact is primarily the impact on aquatic eco-system near discharge outlets. The impacts on terrestrial eco-system are small. (1) The impact on aquatic life After the completion of interception project, all main drains will be intercepted, and pollution zones will decrease greatly. The water quality in Liujiang River will be improved gradually. Liujiang River will be suitable for fish and other aquatic animals/plants. The project will help keep balance of water eco-system in Liujiang River. The species of plankton will change. The diversity and quantity of benthon will increase. The environment will be suitable for aquatic animals lives.

(2)The impact on the water eco-system near discharge outlets The wastewater is intercepted and then discharged after treatment. But a lot of suspended matters will be discharged into the river. And the sediment near discharge outlets will have some impact on the benthon. Since large amount of effluent will be discharged, a pollution zone will appear downstream of the discharge outlets. The original environment for aquatic animals will be destroyed, and the biological diversity will decrease. Whereas, pollution-endurable aquatic lives will increase. Because the flow speed in Liujiang River is fast, although there is pollution in some areas, there is no severe impact on water environment. Therefore, treated wastewater discharge will have little impact on fish and other aquatic lives.

(3) The methods for mitigating adverse impact Treatment process should be properly selected to effectively remove phosphorus and nitrogen. At the same time, the monitoring on the water quality near discharge outlets should be emphasized. Wastewater Treatment Plants should strictly follow the requirement in Water Quality Standard for the Wastewater Discharged into the Sewers (CJ3082-1999) and Pollutant Discharge Standard for Urban Wastewater Treatment Plant (GB 18918-2002) . Industry wastewater, especial wastewater containing

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection 95 Liuzhou Environment Management Project - Wastewater Treatment Component heave metals and other harmful materials, should be stringently controlled so that the effluents from Wastewater Treatment Plants can meet the standard.

6.3 Environmental impact of solid wastes

6.3.1 The output of solid waste during operation

The solid waste of Wastewater Treatment Plant is mainly debris on screen, sediment in grit chamber, dewatered sludge and the workers' domestic garbage. Under certain temperature and humidity, especially in muggy weather, these wastes are easy to decay with the activity of microorganism. The dewatered sludge has most significant impact on surrounding environment. The main characteristics of dewatered sludge are as follows: Ohighmoisture ( 0 %) ; (2)fine grain and poor water permeability; (®)easyto become the hotbed of mosquito and flies and the source of pathogen; i)easy to produce leachate; the pollutants in leachate will pollute surface water and underground water . During the operation of the proposed WWPT, the outputs of solid wastes are shown in table 6-3-1.

6.3.2 Impact of the solid waste disposal on environment

6.3.2.1 Environmental impact of sludge treatment in the plant

(1) The Environmental impact of sludge dewatering Generally, before dewatering, sludge need to be thickened. The thickening tanks usually generate smelly odor. Especially, in hot summer, there is often floating sludge on the surface of thickening tank, where is a hotbed for mosquito and flies. When dewatering the thickened sludge, the dewatering machine will produce smelly odor. If sludge spills out of trucks during transportation, it will result in environmental pollution.

(2) Environmental impact during the sludge storage The dewater sludge should be transported in short time or properly stored. The dewatered sludge is easy to become muddy when it meets water. In rain weather, sludge may be carried away by rain water, polluting surface water and groundwater. Therefore, dewatered sludge should be stored where leakage-proof layer and rain-proof shelter are provided. In addition, Dewatered sludge is not stable. Anaerobic digestion will occur in long-term storage. Odorous matters such as H2S will pollute air. The dewatered sludge dump can also be hotbed for mosquito and flies. Therefore, the dewatered sludge should be transferred in short time and not be stored in the plant for a long time.

(3) Environmental impact during sludge transportation Although sludge has been treated in WWTP, it also contains a lot of pollutants. In this project, the sludge of Wastewater Treatment Plants is merely thickened and dewatered, and is not stabilized and

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection 96 Liuzhou Environment Management Project - Wastewater Treatment Component

disinfected. In the sludge, there are a lot of unstable organic matters and pathogen microorganisms such as coliform and the eggs of bellywormn. Therefore, the environmental problems during sludge transportation are of great significance. At present, most of sludge is transported trucks. If sludge adhere to the trucks or the wheels during loading and unloading, or if the trucks is not tightly closed, sludge may drop or spill from trucks, and pollute roads. Therefore, the sludge should be properly transported to avoid sludge spill and odor emission. Dedicated closed trucks should be used to prevent water and sludge from spilling. In addition, sludge should be transported in non-peak hours. In short, the sludge transportation is a very important issue.

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection 97 Liuzhou Environment Management Project - Wastewater Treatment Component

Table 6-3-1 The output of solid waste during WWTP operation Type of the solid waste Remarks Plant Debris on screen Sediment Residual sludge domestic Amount water content Amount (m 3/d) water content Amount water content garbage 3 (m 3 /d) (%) (%) (m /d) (%) (kg/d) The sludge amount 3 Baisha wastewater is 66 m /d with treatment plant 6.0 85-90 3.0 60 48.4 75 dephosphorization

______~~~~~~~~~~~~~~process Longquanshan wastewater The sludge amount 3 treatmentplant 15 85-90 7.5 60 127 75 107 is 153 m /dwith (including the dephosphorization first project) process

The sludge amount 3 Yanghe wastewater 7.5 85-90 3.75 60 72 75 56 is 94 m /d with treatment plant dephosphorization process The sludge amount 3 Labao wastewater is 16 m /d with treatment plant dephosphorization

______~~~~~~ ~~~~process 3 3 Total 30 m 3/d 15 n /d 259.3 m /d 283 kg/d 329 mr/d

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6.3.2.2 Sludge treatment in different Wastewater Treatment Plants

Sludge is a kind of product during the wastewater treatment. It is also an important part of wastewater treatment. The purposes of sludge treatment are reduction of water content and volume, and stabilization. So the treated sludge is more easily handled for disposal and utilization. The general process flow is 'thickening - dewatering - disposal' or 'thickening - digestion - dewatering - disposal'.

According to the feasibility study report for this project, biological denitrogenation and dephosphorization processes will be used for wastewater treatment. Because the sludge age is long, and the sludge is stable, the digestion can be omitted. And if digestion process is employed, digestion tanks, constructions and equipments for heating, stiring and marsh gas ultilization will be built or purchased. The investment will increase. In addition, the area of the WWTP is limited. According to economic and technical analysis and actual condion of Liuzhou city, the sludge treatment process flow for Baisha Wastewater Treatment Plant, Longquansha Wastewater Treatment Plant,Yanghe Wastewater Treatment Plant,Labao Wastewater Treatment Plant will be "Thickening - dewatering - transter - landfill".

According to 3.6.3 section - the monitoring result of residual sludge from Longquanshan Wastewater Treatment Plant phase I, the content of heavy metal exceeds the standard for agricultural use. Therefore, Sludge is not suitable to be used as fertilizer, and should be landfilled.

According to 3.2.3 section - analysis on pollution sources in catchment, similar with Longquanshan Wastewater Treatment Plant phse I, in the catchment of Longquanshan Wastewater Treatment Plant phse II and Yanghe Wastewater Treatment Plant, there are some heavy industries too. With the analogy analysis, the residue sludge of these two Wastewater Treatment Plants is not suitable for agricultural use, and should be landfilled. The influent of Baisha Wastewater Treatment Plant and Labao Wastewater Treatment Plant is primarily domestic wastewater. After the completion of the project, examinations should be made for the residue sludge. If residue sludge meets the standard for agricultural use, it can be used. Otherwise, it will be disposed in landfill.

6.3.2.3 The disposal of debris and sediments

Debris on screen and the sediments in the grit chamber are solid waste of Wastewater Treatment Plants. They must be properly stored, packaged and transported. It is recommended that debris and sediments be transferred with domestic garbage to Lichonggou Lanfill for disposal. Relevant standard and regulation should be followed. Although the amount is not much, if we do not pay enough attention, it may pollute environment. The light packaging material such as Plastic bags may be carried by wind to the surroundings of the Wastewater Treatment Plants. The sediment or floating residue must not be stored for a long time; otherwise, they will become smelly and decay, becoming the hotbed for mosquito, flies and smelly odor.

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection 99 Liuzhou Environment Management Project - Wastewater Treatment Component

6.3.2.4 Environmental impact of domestic garbage disposal

The output of domestic garbage of Wastewater Treatment Plants is small. They can be transported with debris on screen and the sediment in grit chamber. However, they should not be stored for a long time. Otherwise garbage dump will becomes a hotbed for the mosquito and flies, and have a bad effect on surrounding environment. The transportion must be proper managed, avoiding the pollution caused by spilling.

6.3.3 General introduction of Lichonggou Solid waste landfill

(1) The general introduction of the landfill Lichonggou solid waste landfill is built using the loan of a Japanese fund. The landfill is a component of an acid rain control & environment management project. The construction of the landfill is still going on. It will be completed by end of 2004. Lichonggou landfill is located at Yibu village, LiYong Town, Liujiang County which is to the southeast of Liuzhou city. The topography is mountain area. To the east is Daxie Mountain; to the west is Nailuo Mountain, to the south is Gaopo Mountain. The landform is hilly. There is a dendritic channel. The landfill is 12 kilometers (direct distance) away form the central square of Liuzhou city (public square). The road from urban center to the landfill is 23 km. All solid waste will be transferred by trucks. The geographical location is shown in figure 6-3-1 and the current situation of the landfill is shown in figure 6-3-2 (photo), and the layout is shown in figure 6-3-3. The landfill can dispose domestic garbage of 600 tons per day. The capacity is 7,960,000m3, and its lifetime is 17 years. The main facilities are solid waste landfill, Wastewater Treatment Plants, the anti seepage layer, leachate collection system, the gas emission system, flood control channel, manure plant, the environmental monitoring station, the leachate monitoring unit, the scale room, the repaire workshop, the car-washing station and the electric, water or communication systems.

(2) Methods for environmental protection Lichonggou landfill employs advanced technologies. It has a large disposal capacity. The methods for anti seepage and environment protection include: (0) The landfill uses HDPE membrane for seepage control. Dynamic monitoring will be emplyed and many flood interception channels will be constructed. 4) A Wastewater Treatment Plants will be set up in Lichonggou landfill, the leachate will be treated, and discharged into Liujiang River. The effluent can meet the "primary standard for wastewater discharge GB8978-1996". The capacity of leachate treatment is 600m3/d and the volume of equalization tank is 45000 m3. (M) The residual sludge produced during wastewater treatment will be thickened and stored, finally, disposed in landfill. (X) Vertical stone cages for gas emission and leachate collection are set up in the landfill. The service radius of gas emission pipes is 25 meters. These pipes are capable of controlling horizontal gas movement, and can collect gas to burners for buring or ultilization.

(3) Personnel

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection 100 Liuzhou Environment Management Project - Wastewater Treatment Component

After the landfill is put into operation, it will need 67 workers. Most of them will be allocated in landfill, Wastewater Treatment Plants, dormitory and so on. Except wastewater treatment plant with three shifts, other facilities will be operated in one shift. The workdays in one year are 365, and the work hours in every day is 8 hours.

(4) The treatment of sludge 3 The total amount of sludge dredged from Zhuexi Creek rehabilitation component is 33027 m . After the completion of the Wastewater Treatment Plant, the sludge production is 259.3m3/d. The maximum sludge production (with chemical dephosphorization) is 329m3/d (about 120 days). Lichonggou solid waste landfill can dispose all the solid waste produced by this project. ESB of Liuzhou city has agreed to receive and dispose the solid waste produced by this project. Because the sludge of Wastewater Treatment Plants is different from domestic solid waste, it should be landfilled separately. In order to avoid the leachate from clogging gas/wastewater system, the landfills should be located at upstream of the gas/wastewater system. With nigotiation with ESB, specific area for disposal of rivebed sludge and WWTP sludge is determined and shown in Fig. 6-3-3.

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection 101 Liuzhou Environment Management Project - Wastewater Treatment Component

7. Environmental impact prediction and assessment for individual

components

7.1 Baisha wastewater treatment plant

7.1.1 Prediction and assessment on impact on air

7.1.1.1 Meteorological characteristics

Liuzhou city is located in the subtropical zone and lies in the southeast of East Asia, which is famous for the monsoon climate. The warm and humid ocean air mass prevails in summer. The cold and dry land air mass prevails in winter. The climate has the characteristic of subtropical zone monsoon climate. The climate is mild, and the rain is abundant. Summer is long and rainy while winter is short and dry. According to the meteorological statistical data of many years, analysis of regional Meteorological characteristics has been made, and servers as the basic data for the calculation of regional air pollutants diffusion.

(1) Air temperature The annual mean temperature is 20.4°C. The daily mean temperature is the highest in July, 27.2'C, and the lowest in January, 10.2°C. The annual average daily temperature range is 8.0°C, with the highest in October 9.2°C and the lowest in March 6.6°C.

(2) Rainfall According to the meteorological data statistics since 1934, the average rainfall for many years is 1487.0mm. The rain season is from April to August, accounting for 70.05% rainfall of the whole year. Rainfall has a change cycle of 13 years, 17 years and 25 years. The minimum rainfall is 993.2mm (1884), and the maximum rainfall is 2026.3mm (1951).

(3) Wind direction (WD) and wind speed The statistical result of frequency of wind directions in 2001 is listed in Table 7-1-1 and Figure 7-1-1. Table 7-1-1 The statistical result of frequency of wind directions.

WD NW NNW N NNE NE ENE E ESE SE SSE S SSW SW WSW W WNW C firequency 4.25 14.48 5.83 3.16 7.73 3.34 0.81 1.48 3.54 3.92 6.85 3.16 1.54 0.79 0.66 0.89 36.39

Type Northward wind Southward wind frequency 35.45 19.01 Liuzhou is located in the subtropical zone, to the south of Nanling Mountains, to the north of the Liujiang River plain. The monsoon climate is obvious. Topography has great impact on climate. There are mountains to the east and west of the city. The south and north winds are prevailing and east and

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south winds are less frequent. Table 7-1-1 shows that in the whole year the frequency of Northward wind is 35.45%, and the frequency of Southward wind is 19.01%. The NNW wind is the most frequent (14.48%) and the W wind is the least frequent (0.66%). Besides, the frequency of E, WSW and WNW wind is small. The frequency of the static wind is high (36.39%). The annual average wind speed in Liuzhou city is 1.6mi/s.

N

Nr\E

W- > _ . 0-t E

VE, ESE

SSI SSE S

Figure 7-1-1. Wind rose in 2003

7.1.1.2 Environmental impact of odorous pollutants

( 1 ) Concentration at the plant's boundary Prediction model In this project, the main pollutants are odorous pollutants, such as H2S and NH3 . The area of emission 2 source is less than 1km . According to The Guide Principle for the Technology of Environmental Impact Assessment-Atmospheric Environment (HJ/T2.2-93 ) , area source diffusion model is used for prediction of the downwind pollutants diffusion. Area source is assumed as a point emission source. After proper correction of diffusion parameters, point source model can be employed for calculation of area source diffusion. The diffusion formula of point source model is as follows:

c(x,Y) = Q expl- _2__ F

=k ep (2nh - He - Z)2 r (2nh + He - z)2 11 F = 2 - ]+ ex[ 2 fe

In the formula: C(x, y)-the concentration of pollutants at ground surface, mg/Nm3 ;

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection 103 Liuzhou Environment Management Project - Wastewater Treatment Component

Q-the discharge amount per unit period, mg/s; X-the downwind horizontal distance to the emission source, m; Y-the perpendicular distance of the point to the wind direction axis plane, m; U-average wind speed at the source height, m/s; He-source height, m; h-height of the mix layer; n-times of reflection (generally n=4) ay-horizontal diffusion parameter, m; oz-vertical diffusion parameter, m; Correction for ay and az in area source model:

v7y=rX'al + a

'Tz = r2 Aa2+ H 2.15 In the formula: X--the distance between the point and the center of the area source;

ay -- the length of the area source in Y direction;

H -- the average emission height of area source; © Selection of model parameters The diffusion parameters and the height of the mix layer are recommended in The Guide Principle for EnvironmentalImpact Assessment Technology-AtmosphericEnvironment (HJ/T2.2-93) (a) Prediction The hourly concentrations of the downwind pollutants at average wind speed, with different stabilities. (A) Prediction result and impact assessment The prediction results of hourly concentrations of the downwind H2S and NH3 at average wind speed with different stabilities are listed in Tables 7-1-2 and 7-1-3. The results show that: 3 the The maximum concentration of H2S at Baisha Wastewater Treatment Plant is 0.0417mg/Nm , and 3 maximum concentration of NH3 is 0.2196mg/Nm . Concentration of pollutant is maximum beside the 2 the treatment unit (60m, the area of the surface source is lOOxlOOm); the hourly concentrations of can comply with the limit H2S and NH3 at the boundary of the plant, 130m away from the plant center, value of The Pollutant Discharge Standards for Urban Wastewater Treatment Plant 3 ( GB18918-2002 ) (the concentration of H2 S <0.06mg/Nm and the concentration of NH3 <1.5mg/Nm3 ).

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Table 7-1-2 The prediction of hourly concentration of downwind H 2 S at average wind speed with various stabilities. (rmg/Nm3 )

pollutant distance (i) A B C D E F sources 0 0.0081 0.0084 0.0089 0.0084 0.0078 0.0069 20 0.0115 0.0123 0.0131 0.0133 0.0126 0.0113 40 0.0138 0.0154 0.0163 0.0178 0.0176 0.0161 60 0.0109 0.0154 0.0163 0.0254 0.0364 0.0417 80 0.0074 0.0112 0.0119 0.0198 0.0308 0.0372 100 0.0053 0.0085 0.0091 0.0158 0.0263 0.0331 120 0.0040 0.0067 0.0072 0.0130 0.0227 0.0296 Baisha 140 0.0031 0.0055 0.0058 0.0109 0.0199 0.0266 Wastewater Treatment Plant 160 0.0025 0.0045 0.0048 0.0092 0.0175 0.0240 180 0.0021 0.0038 0.0041 0.0080 0.0156 0.0218 200 0.0017 0.0033 0.0035 0.0069 0.0140 0.0199 220 0.0015 0.0028 0.0030 0.0061 0.0126 0.0183 240 0.0013 0.0025 0.0026 0.0054 0.0115 0.0169 260 0.0011 0.0022 0.0023 0.0049 0.0105 0.0156 280 0.0010 0.0020 0.0021 0.0044 0.0096 0.0145 300 0.0008 0.0018 0.0019 0.0040 0.0088 0.0135

Table 7-1-3 The prediction of hourly concentration of downwind NH3 at average wind speed with

various stabilities. (mg/Nm3 )

pollutant distance (m) A B C D E F source 0 0.0425 0.0444 0.0471 0.0442 0.0409 0.0366 20 0.0604 0.0647 0.0688 0.0698 0.0663 0.0597 40 0.0727 0.0810 0.0860 0.0936 0.0927 0.0847 60 0.0573 0.0810 0.0861 0.1336 0.1917 0.2196 80 0.0388 0.0590 0.0626 0.1040 0.1622 0.1959 100 0.0280 0.0449 0.0477 0.0833 0.1386 0.1744 120 0.0211 0.0355 0.0377 0.0683 0.1197 0.1558 Baisha 140 0.0165 0.0288 0.0306 0.0571 0.1046 0.1400 Wastewater Treatment Plant 160 0.0133 0.0239 0.0254 0.0486 0.0923 0.1265 180 0.0109 0.0202 0.0214 0.0419 0.0821 0.1150 200 0.0091 0.0173 0.0183 0.0366 0.0736 0.1050 220 0.0077 0.0150 0.0159 0.0322 0.0665 0.0964 240 0.0066 0.0131 0.0139 0.0286 0.0604 0.0888 260 0.0057 0.0116 0.0123 0.0256 0.0551 0.0822 280 0.0050 0.0103 0.0110 0.0231 0.0506 0.0763 300 0.0044 0.0093 0.0098 0.0209 0.0466 J 0.0711

(2) Calculation of the protection distance Prediction of protection distance

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According to the control method of the protection distance stipulated in The Technological Approach for the Fornulation of Local Emission Standard of Air Pollutants (GB/T13201-91), protection distance of the Wastewater Treatment Plant is calculated. The protection distance for industrial enterprises can be calculated as follows:

Qc I (BLc +0.25y2 )oSOLD Cmn A

In the formula: Qc -the control level of gas pollutant from industrial enterprise, kg/h; Cm- standard concentration limit, mg/Nm3 ; L-the protection distance needed for the industrial enterprise, m; y-the equivalent radius of pollution source is calculated depending on the area S(m2 ) of the production unit, -y(S/irf) 5 ; A. B. C. D-parameters for calculation of protection distance

(9Parameters selection and calculation result The determination of emission source intensity: the emission source intensity of Wastewater Treatment Plant: H2 S: 0.0756kg/h, NH3 : 0.398kg/h. The standard concentration limit: the maximum allowable concentration at residential area stipulated in The Sanitary 3 Standard for Industrial Enterprise Design (TJ36-79) is 0.20mg/Nm for NH3 and 3 O.Olmg/Nm for H2S. 2 The area of emission source: IOOOOm . Parameters A. B. C. D: According to GB/T13201-91, choose that A is 400, B is 0.01, C is 1.85 and D is 0.78. According to the calculation, the protection distance for the Baisha Wastewater Treatment Plant is listed in Table 7-1-4.

Table 7-14 the calculation result of protection distance for Wastewater Treatment Plant

Pollutant source Pollutant Protection distance (im)

Baisha Wastewater Treatment Plant H2 S 308

NH3 71 Table 7-1-4 shows that the place to be protected around Baisha Wastewater Treatment Plant are Huilonggou Village and Liuzhou Health School, which are respectively 55m and 98m away from the odor-generating unit in the plant. According to the above-mentioned result, it can be calculated that the protection distance for Baisha Wastewater Treatment Plant is 310m. Therefore, Huilonggou Village and the Health School are both within the protection distance for the Wastewater Treatment Plant and will be affected by odor when the plant is in operation. The playground of Health School is close to the office and meadow, about 98 meters away from the odor-generating unit. The dormitories and classrooms are about 160 meters away from odor-generating unit.

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The Construction Standard of Urban Wastewater Treatment Facility stipulates that the wastewater/sludge treatment facilities which give off odor "should be far from the residential area and meet the national relative regulation; otherwise, the distance between the residential area and the odor-generating facility should be at least 501- I00m." The distance between Huilong Village and the odor-generating facility in Wastewater Treatment Plant is 55m, which can meet the lower limit (>50m) but can not meet the upper limit (>lOOm) .

In order to reduce the impact of WWTP on Huilong Village, green plant area should be set up for mitigating pollution (The width should be 1Om; The green plants area to the north of the factory boundary should be wider and denser.) Planting the flowers, grasses and trees around the WWTP can mitigate the pollution of odorous pollutants. In addition, according to the urban development plan, if possible, Baisha Village or partial area of Baisha Village can be moved out of the pollution area so that peasants can live in a new and better environment without pollution.

7.1.2 Predition and assessment on sound environment

7.1.2.1 Prediction model

(1 ) Model for calculation of sound environment Calculation of attenuation of point noise source: LA(r)= LA(ro)-201g(r/ro) In the formula: LA(r) the A noise level at r (m) away from the source (dB) LA(rO) the A noise level at rO (m) away from the source (dB) r. rO -distance (im) (2) Superposition of sound pressure level

LP=l OLog(1OLP" 'O+1 0LP21I0 +. + OLPn/Io)

LX.- superposition of sound pressure level, dB(A); L 1 -the sound pressure level derived from the first noise source, dB(A); 4 - 2 the sound pressure level derived from the second noise source, dB(A);

L.pn-the sound pressure level derived from the n-th noise source, dB(A); Based on the Table 3-3-10, in Wastewater Treatment Plant, the major noise source is the blower room with indoor noise of 90 dB(A). The noise at lm outside the room is 63 dB(A). The outdoor noise at the influent pump station is 56.3-59.1dB(A). The outdoor noise at the blower room is 49.3-63 dB(A). For prediction, we assume that the outdoor noise at the blower room and pump station are 60 dB(A).

7.1.2.2 Location of prediction points

In this assessment, we select 4 points at the boundary of Baisha Wastewater Treatment Plant for noise prediction (See Figure 3-2-1).

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7.1.2.3 Prediction result and assessment

Refer to Table 7-1-5 for the noise prediction result at each assessment point. The calculation shows that the noise at the plant boundary is in accordance with Class II of "the Plant Boundary Noise Standards of Industrial Enterprise " (GB 12348-90) , which is 60dB (A) in daytime and 50dB (A) at night. According the superposition result, the equipments in the Wastewater Treatment Plant cause little increase of noise level at the plant boundary. Therefore, the equipment noise generated during WWTP operation has little impact on the surroundings. -Table 7-1-5 Noise prediction result at Baisha Wastewater Treatment Plant of noise, WwTP No. Noise source Forecast location distance Prediction Superposition (im) result dB(A) dB(A) Daytime Night I Influent pump station East boundary 20 34 50.1 38.1 41 Baisha 2 Influent pump station South boundary 18 35 57 52 WwTP 3 blower room West boundary 222 13 70 4 blower room North boundary 146 17 52 40

7.2 Expansion of Longquanshan Wastewater Treatment Plant.

7.2.1 Prediction and assessment on impact on air

7.2.1.1 Meteorological characteristics

Same with Baisha Wastewater Treatment Plant.

7.2.1.2 Impact of odorour pollutants

(1) Concentration at the plant boundary The prediction model of odor pollutants, the oarameters selected and the prediction items are the same with those in assessmenf for the Baisha Wastewater Treatment Plant.

The prediction of the hourly concentration of downwind H2S and NH3 at average wind speed with different stabilities is listed in Table 7-2-land Table 7-2-2. The results show that:

Plant is The maximum concentration of H2 S in Expansion of Longquanshan Wastewater Treatment 3 3 0.0399mg/Nm , and the maximum concentration of NH3 is 0.2106mg/Nm . The pollutant 2 concentration is maximum beside of the treatment unit (80m, the area source is 15Ox150m ); the the center of the hourly concentration of H2S and NH3 at the boundary of the plant, 1OOmaway from plant, complies with the limit value of The Pollutant Discharge Standards for Urban Wastewater 3 Treatment Plant (GB18918-2002) (the concentration of H2S <0.06mg/Nm and the concentration of 3 NH3 <1.5mg/Nm ).

the In conclusion, the concentration of H2S and NH3 at the boundary of the plant generated by Longquanshan Wastewater Treatment Plant (stage II) comply with the limit value of The Pollutant Discharge Standards for Urban Wastewater Treatment Plant (GB18918-2002) (the concentration of 3 3 ). H2 S <0.06mg/Nm and the concentration of NH3 <1.5mg/Nm

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Table 7-2-1 The prediction of hourly concentration of downwind H2 S at average wind speed with different stabilities (mg/Nm33)

Pollutant source distance (m) A B C D E F 0 0.0081 0.0088 0.0093 0.0096 0.0092 0.0083 20 0.0095 0.0107 0.0114 0.0126 0.0126 0.0115 40 0.0105 0.0122 0.0130 0.0151 0.0159 0.0148 60 0.0112 0.0135 0.0143 0.0173 0.0190 0.0181 80 0.0090 0.0132 0.0140 0.0224 0.0337 0.0399 100 0.0066 0.0103 0.0109 0.0182 0.0292 0.0360 120 0.0051 0.0082 0.0087 0.0152 0.0256 0.0326 Expansion of Longquanshan 140 0.0040 0.0068 0.0072 0.0129 0.0226 0.0296 Wastewater 160 0.0033 0.0057 0.0060 0.0111 0.0202 0.0270 Treatment Plant 180 0.0027 0.0049 0.0052 0.0097 0.0182 0.0248 200 0.0023 0.0042 0.0045 0.0085 0.0164 0.0228 220 0.0019 0.0037 0.0039 0.0076 0.0150 0.0211 240 0.0017 0.0032 0.0034 0.0068 0.0137 0.0196 260 0.0015 0.0029 0.0031 0.0061 0.0126 0.0182 280 0.0013 0.0026 0.0027 0.0055 0.0116 0.0171 300 0.0011 0.0023 0.0025 0.0051 0.0108 0.0160

Table 7-2-2 The prediction of hourly concentration of downwind NH3 at average wind speed with

different stabilities. (mg/Nm3 )

Pollutant source distance (m) A B C D E F 0 0.0427 0.0462 0.0491 0.0508 0.0487 0.0439 20 0.0501 0.0564 0.0599 0.0662 0.0663 0.0609 40 0.0554 0.0645 0.0685 0.0798 0.0836 0.0782 60 0.0592 0.0710 0.0755 0.0914 0.1002 0.0957 80 0.0474 0.0695 0.0738 0.1179 0.1777 0.2106 100 0.0349 0.0541 0.0574 0.0962 0.1541 0.1899

Expansion of 120 0.0268 0.0434 0.0461 0.0801 0.1350 0.1717 Longquanshan 140 0.0212 0.0357 0.0379 0.0680 0.1194 0.1560 Wastewater 160 0.0172 0.0300 0.0319 0.0586 0.1065 0.1423 Treatment Plant 180 0.0143 0.0256 0.0272 0.0510 0.0957 0.1305

200 0.0120 0.0221 0.0235 0.0450 0.0867 0.1202 220 0.0103 0.0193 0.0205 0.0400 0.0789 0.1112 240 0.0089 0.0171 0.0181 0.0358 0.0722 0.1033 260 0.0077 0.0152 0.0161 0.0323 0.0664 0.0962 280 0.0068 0.0136 0.0144 0.0293 0.0614 0.0899 300 0.0061 0.0123 0.0130 0.0267 0.0569 0.0843 (2) Calculation of protection distance (DThe model for prediction of protection distance is the same with that of Baisha Wastewater Treatment Plant

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©)Parameters selection and calculation result The determination of emission source intensity: the emission source intensity of Wastewater

Treatment Plant: H2 S: 0.1134kg/h, NH3 : 0.598kg/h. The standard concentration limit: the maximum allowable concentration of residential area stipulated 3 in The Sanitary Standard of Industrial Enterprise Design (TJ36-79) is 0.20mg/Nm for NH3 and 3 0.01mg/Nm for H2 S. The area of emission source: 22500m2 . Calculation parameters A. B. C. D: According to GB/T13201-91, choose that A = 400, B = 0.01, C =1.85 and D = 0.78. According to the calculation, the protection distance for the Longquanshan Wastewater Treatment Plant is listed in Table 7-2-3. Table 7-2-3 Calculation result of protection distance for Wastewater Treatment Plant

Wastewater Treatment Plant Pollutant Protection distance (m)

Longquanshan Wastewater Treatment Plant (stage 11) H2 S 343

NH3 72 The main place to be protected near Longquanshan Wastewater Treatment Plant is Jila village, 195m away from the odor-generating unit. Since the protection distance for the plant is 350m, the odor from the plant has some impact on the residents of Jila Village.

The Standards for the Construction of Urban Wastewater Treatment Facilities stipulates that the distance between the residential area and the odor-generating facilities is at least 50- 100m. Since the odor-generating facility in the Longquanshan Wastewater Treatment Plant (stage II) is 180m away from Jila village, it meets the standard.

In order to reduce the impact of Wastewater Treatment Plant on Jila Village, green plant protection area should be set up (The width should be 10m; The green plant protection area to the south of the factory boundary should be wider and denser.) Flowers, grasses and trees should be planted around the WWTP to mitigate the pollution.

7.2.2 Impact on sound environment

7.2.2.1 Prodiction model

The formula of attenuation of point acoustic source is used. For calculation, we assume that the outdoor noise at the pump station and the blower room are 60 dB(A).

7.2.2.2 Location of prediction points

In this assessment, the noise source nearest to the plant boundary was selected for prediction and assessment. One point was selected for prediction of the noise at the boundary of the Longquanshan Wastewater Treatment Plant. (Figure 3-4-3).

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7.2.2.3 Prediction result and assessment

Refer to Table 7-2-4 for the prediction result of the noise at each assessment point. The calculation shows that the noise at the boundary of Longquanshan Wastewater Treatment Plant comply with Class II of "the Plant Boundary Noise Standards of IndustrialEnterprise " (GB 12348-90) , which is 60dB (A) in daytime and 50dB (A) at night. According to the superposition result, the noise from equipments of the Wastewater Treatment Plant cause little increase onto the noise level at the plant boundary. The noise level superposition complies with Class II of "The Urban Regional Environmental Noise Standards" (GB3096-93). Therefore, the noise of the plant's equipments has little effect on the surroundings.

Table 7-2-4 Noise prediction result at Longquanshan Wastewater Treatment Plant

WwTP Noise source Prediction location distance Prediction Superposition dB(A) (m) result dB(A) Daytime Night Longquanshan WwTP Sludge pump station East boundary 90 21 57 42.6

7.3 Yanghe wastewater treatment plant

7.3.1 Impact on air environment

7.3.1.1 Meteorological characteristics

Same with Baisha Wastewater Treatment Plant.

7.3.1.2 Environmental impact of odor pollutants

(1) Concentration at the plant boundary The prediction model of odor pollutants, the Parameters selected and the prediction items are same with those of the Baisha Wastewater Treatment Plant.

The hourly concentration prediction for the downwind H2S and NH3 at average wind speed with different stabilities is listed in Table 7-3-land Table 7-3-2. The results show that:

3 The maximum concentration of H2S at Yanghe Wastewater Treatment Plant is 0.0521mg/Nm , and the 3 maximum concentration of NH3 is 0.2748mg/Nm . Pollutant concentration is the maximum beside the treatment unit (60m, 2 the area source is 100XlOOm ): the hourly concentration of H2 S and NH3 at the boundary of the plant, 90m away from the center of the plant, comply with the limit value of The Pollutant Discharge Standardsfor Urban WastewaterTreatment Plant (GB 18918-2002)

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Table 7-3-1 The prediction of hourly concentration of downwind H2S at average wind speed with

different stabilities. (rmg/Nm3 )

Pollutant sources distance (im) A B C D E F 0 0.0101 0.0105 0.0112 0.0105 0.0097 0.0087 20 0.0143 0.0154 0.0163 0.0166 0.0157 0.0142 40 0.0173 0.0192 0.0204 0.0222 0.0220 0.0201 60 0.0136 0.0192 0.0204 0.0317 0.0455 0.0521 80 0.0092 0.0140 0.0149 0.0247 0.0385 0.0465 100 0.0066 0.0107 0.0113 0.0198 0.0329 0.0414 120 0.0050 0.0084 0.0089 0.0162 0.0284 0.0370 Yanghe 140 0.0039 0.0068 0.0073 0.0136 0.0248 0.0332 WwTP 160 0.0031 0.0057 0.0060 0.0115 0.0219 0.0300

180 0.0026 0.0048 0.0051 0.0100 0.0195 0.0273 200 0.0022 0.0041 0.0044 0.0087 0.0175 0.0249 220 0.0018 0.0036 0.0038 0.0076 0.0158 0.0229

240 0.0016 0.0031 0.0033 0.0068 0.0143 0.0211 260 0.0014 0.0027 0.0029 0.0061 0.0131 0.0195

280 0.0012 0.0024 0.0026 0.0055 0.0120 0.0181 300 0.0011 0.0022 0.0023 0.0050 0.0111 0.0169

Table 7-3-2 The prediction of hourly concentration of downwind NH 3 at average wind speed with

different stabilities. (mg/Nm 3 )

Pollutant Distance (im) A B C D E F source 0 0.0532 0.0555 0.0590 0.0553 0.0512 0.0458 20 0.0755 0.0810 0.0860 0.0874 0.0829 0.0747

40 0.0909 0.1014 0.1077 0.1172 0.1160 0.1060 60 0.0717 0.1014 0.1077 0.1671 0.2398 0.2748 80 0.0486 0.0738 0.0783 0.1301 0.2030 0.2451 100 0.0350 0.0562 0.0597 0.1042 0.1734 0.2182

Yanghe 120 0.0264 0.0444 0.0472 0.0855 0.1498 0.1950 Wastewater 140 0.0206 0.0360 0.0383 0.0715 0.1309 0.1752 Treatment 160 0.0166 0.0299 0.0317 0.0608 0.1155 0.1583 Plant 180 0.0136 0.0252 0.0268 0.0524 0.1028 0.1439

200 0.0114 0.0216 0.0229 0.0457 0.0921 0.1314 220 0.0096 0.0187 0.0199 0.0403 0.0832 0.1206 240 0.0083 0.0164 0.0174 0.0358 0.0755 0.1111 260 0.0072 0.0145 0.0154 0.0320 0.0690 0.1028 280 0.0063 0.0129 0.0137 0.0289 0.0633 0.0955 300 0.0056 0.0116 0.0123 0.0261 0.0583 0.0889

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In conclusion, the concentration of H2 S and NH3 at the boundary of the plant generated from the Yanghe Wastewater Treatment Plant comply with the limit value of The Pollutant Discharge

Standards for Urban Wastewater Treatment Plant (GB18918-2002) (the concentration of H2S 3 3 <0.06mg/Nm and the concentration of NH3 <1.5mg/Nm ). (2) Calculation of protection distance O)The model for calculation of protection distance is same with that of Baisha Wastewater Treatment Plant (©) Parameters selection and calculation result The determination of emission source intensity: the emission source intensity of Wastewater

Treatment Plant: H2 S:0.0945kg/h, NH3 :0.498kg/h. The standard concentration limit: the maximum allowable concentration in residential area stipulated 3 in The Sanitary Standard of Industrial Enterprise Design (TJ36-79) is 0.20mg/Nm for NH3 and 3 O.Olmg/Nm for H2 S. The area of emission source: IOOOOm2. Parameters A. B. C. D: According to GB/T13201-91, choose that A = 400, B = 0.01, C = 1.85 and D = 0.78. According to the calculation, the protection distance for the Yanghe Wastewater Treatment Plant is listed in Table 7-3-3.

Table 7-3-3 Calculation result of protection distance for Wastewater Treatment Plant

Wastewater Treatment Plant Pollutant Protection distance (im)

Yanghe Wastewater Treatment Plant H2 S 376

NH3 93 In conclusion, the protection distance for Yanghe Wastewater Treatment Plant is 380m. There is no sensitive site such as residential area within the protection distance. Therefore, the odor of the plant has little impact on the surroundings.

7.3.2 Impact on sound environment

7.3.2.1 Prediction model

The formula of attenuation of point acoustic source is used. For calculation, we assume that the outdoor noise at the pump station and the blower room are 60 dB(A).

7.3.2.2 Location of prediction points

In this assessment, four points were selected for prediction of noise at the boundary of the Yanghe Wastewater Treatment Plant. (Figure 3-4-4).

7.3.2.3 Prediction result and assessment

Refer to Table 7-3-4 for the prediction result of the noise at each assessment point. The calculation shows that the noise at the boundary of Yanghe Wastewater Treatment Plant is in conformity with Class III standard of "the Plant Boundary Noise Standardsof IndustrialEnterprise" (GB 12348-90),

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection 113 Liuzhou Environment Management Project - Wastewater Treatment Component which is 65dB (A) in daytime and 55dB (A) at night. According to the superposition result, the noise of equipments in the Wastewater Treatment Plant cause little increase onto noise at the plant's boundary. The superposition of noise complies with Class III standard of "The Urban Regional EnvironmentalNoise Standards"(GB3096-93). Table 7-34 Noise prediction result at Yanghe WastewaterTreatment Plant

Wastewater No. Noise source Prediction point Distance Result Superposition of noise Treatment Plant (im) dB(A) dB(A) Daytime Night I Influent pump station East boundary 125 18.1 43.5 42.3 Yanghe WwTP 2 blower room south boundary 110 19.2 43.6 42.0 3 blower room west boundary 160 16.0 44.0 42.4 4 Influent pump station north boundary 12 38.4 44.4 43.7

7.4 Labao wastewater treatment plant

7.4.1 Impact on air environment

7.4.1.1 Meteorological characteristics

Same with Baisha Wastewater Treatment Plant.

7.4.1.2 Environmental impact of odor pollutants

(1) Concentration prediction at the plant boundary The concentration prediction model for odor pollutants, the Parameters selected and the prediction items are same with those of Baisha Wastewater Treatment Plant.

The hourly concentration prediction of the downwind 112S and NH3 at average wind speed with different stabilities is listed in Table 7-4-land Table 7-4-2. The results show that:

The maximum concentration of 112S of Labao Wastewater Treatment Plant is 0.0177mg/Nm3 , and the 3 maximum concentration of NH3 is 0.0935mg/Nm . The pollutant concentration is maximum beside the 2 treatment unit (40m, the area source is 60x60m ); the hourly concentration of 112S and NH3 at the boundary of the plant, 40m away from the center of the plant, comply with the limit value of The Pollutant Discharge Standards for Urban Wastewater Treatment Plant (GBI 8918-2002)

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Table 7-4-1 The prediction of hourly concentration of downwind H2S at average wind speed with

different stabilities. (mg/Nm 3 )

Pollution source distance (im) A B C D E F 0 0.0026 0.0028 0.0030 0.0026 0.0025 0.0022 20 0.0056 0.0059 0.0062 0.0058 0.0054 0.0048 40 0.0058 0.0078 0.0083 0.0121 0.0162 0.0177

60 0.0034 0.0051 0.0054 0.0088 0.0133 0.0157 80 0.0023 0.0036 0.0038 0.0067 0.0110 0.0136 100 0.0016 0.0027 0.0028 0.0052 0.0092 0.0119 120 0.0012 0.0021 0.0022 0.0042 0.0078 0.0104 Labao Wastewater 140 0.0009 0.0016 0.0017 0.0034 0.0067 0.0092 Treatment Plant 160 0.0007 0.0013 0.0014 0.0029 0.0058 0.0082

180 0.0006 0.0011 0.0012 0.0024 0.0051 0.0074 200 0.0005 0.0010 0.0010 0.0021 0.0045 0.0066 220 0.0004 0.0008 0.0009 0.0018 0.0040 0.0060

240 0.0003 0.0007 0.0008 0.0016 0.0036 0.0055 260 0.0003 0.0006 0.0007 0.0014 0.0033 0.0050 280 0.0003 0.0006 0.0006 0.0013 0.0030 0.0046 300 0.0002 0.0005 0.0005 0.0012 0.0027 0.0043

Table 7-4-2 The prediction of hourly concentration of downwind NH 3 at average wind speed with

different stabilities. (mg/Nm 3 )

Pollution source distance (im) A B C D E F

0 0.0137 0.0149 0.0158 0.0139 0.0130 0.0118 20 0.0297 0.0310 0.0329 0.0309 0.0285 0.0255 40 0.0306 0.0412 0.0437 0.0643 0.0857 0.0935 60 0.0182 0.0270 0.0286 0.0468 0.0705 0.0828 80 0.0120 0.0190 0.0202 0.0353 0.0580 0.0721 100 0.0084 0.0141 0.0150 0.0276 0.0484 0.0629 120 0.0062 0.0109 0.0116 0.0221 0.0410 0.0552 Labao Wastewater 140 0.0048 0.0087 0.0092 0.0182 0.0352 0.0488 Treatment Plant 160 0.0038 0.0071 0.0076 0.0152 0.0306 0.0435

180 0.0031 0.0059 0.0063 0.0130 0.0268 0.0390 200 0.0026 0.0050 0.0053 0.0112 0.0238 0.0352 220 0.0022 0.0043 0.0046 0.0097 0.0212 0.0319 240 0.0018 0.0038 0.0040 0.0086 0.0191 0.0291 260 0.0016 0.0033 0.0035 0.0076 0.0172 0.0267 280 0.0014 0.0029 0.0031 0.0068 0.0157 0.0246 300 0.0012 0.0026 0.0028 0.0061 0.0143 0.0227

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In conclusion, the concentration of H2S and NH3 at the boundary of the Labao Wastewater Treatment Plant comply with the limit value of The Pollutant Discharge Standards for Urban Wastewater 3 Treatment Plant (GB 18918-2002) (the concentration of H2S <0.06mg/Nm and the concentration of 3 NH 3 <1.5mg/Nm ).

(2) Calculation of protection distance OThe model for calculation of sanitary protection distance is same with that of Baisha Wastewater Treatment Plant (>Parameters selection and calculation result The determination of emission source intensity: the emission source intensity of Wastewater

Treatment Plant: H2S: 0.0189kg/h, NH3 :0.I00kg/h. The standard concentration limit: the maximum allowable concentration in residential area stipulated 3 in The Sanitary Standard of Industrial Enterprise Design (TJ36-79) is 0.20mg/Nm for NH3 and 3 O.Olmg/Nm for H2S. The area of emission source: 3600m2 . Parameters A. B. C. D: According to GB/T13201-91, choose that A = 400, B = 0.01, C = 1.85 and D = 0.78. According to the calculation, the protection distance for the Labao Wastewater Treatment Plant is listed in Table 7-4-3. Table 74-3 Calculation result of protection distance for Wastewater Treatment Plant

Wastewater Treatment Plant Pollutant Protection distance (m)

Labao Wastewater Treatment Plant H2 S 115

NH3 24 The protection distance for Labao Wastewater Treatment Plant is 120m. The main places to be protected are the lower part and middle part of Jiandu Village. Middle Jiandu Village is close to the multi-functional building of the plant and odor will have little impact on it. Lower Jiandu Village is 56m away from the odor-producing unit and odor will have some impact on it.

Although the distance from Xiatun of Jiandu Village to the odor-producing unit meets the requirement of " construction criterion of city wastewater treatmentfacilities ", In order to reduce the impact on Huilong Village by the Wastewater Treatment Plant, green plant protection zone should be set up (The width should be lOm; The green plant protection zone in the north of the plant's boundary should be wider and denser.) Flowers, grasses and trees should be planted around the plant for mitigating pollution. In addition, Wastewater Treatment Plant can change the layout of plant. The odor-producing unit can be placed near the railway so as to reduce the impact on residents.

7.4.2 Impact on sound environment

7.4.2.1 Prediction model

The formula of attenuation of point acoustic source is used. For calculation, we assume that the outdoor noise at the pump station and the blower room are 60 dB(A).

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7.4.2.2 Location of prediction points

In this assessment, four points were selected for prediction of noise at the boundary of the Labao Wastewater Treatment Plant. (Figure 3-4-5).

7.4.2.3 Prediction result and assessment

Refer to Table 7-4-4 for the prediction result of the noise at each assessment point. The calculation shows that the noise at the boundary of Labao Wastewater Treatment Plant comply with II type standard of "the Plant BoundaryNoise Standards of IndustrialEnterprise" (GB12348-90) , which is 60dB (A) in daytime and 50dB (A) at night. According to the superposition result, the noise from equipments in the Wastewater Treatment Plant cause little increase onto noise level at the plant's boundary. Therefore, the noise from equipments in the plant has little impact on the surroundings. Table 7-4-4 Noise prediction result at Labao Wastewater Treatment Plant

Wastewater No. Noise source Prediction point distance Prediction Superposition of noise Treatment (im) result dB(A) Plant dB(A) Daytime Night I Wastewater pump East boundary 15 36.5 46.3 43.2 Labao WwTP station

2 Sludge pump station South boundary 37 28.6 44.3 41.1 3 Wastewater pump West boundary 63 24.0 43.8 41.3 station

4 Wastewater pump North boundary 62 24.2 44 41.5 station

7.5 Environment impact of pumping station

The main environment impacts of wastewater pumping station are noise and odor. The noise source intensity of the wastewater pump is generally between 80-9OdB. In order to guarantee that the noise at plant's boundary can reach the standard, low noise wastewater pump should be selected. The noise source intensity of such wastewater pump is less than 85 dB. The wastewater pumps are placed underground and seldom run at night. With the function of wall of pump station, the noise at the plant's boundary can virtually reach the standard and have a little impact on surrounding sound environment. According to the calculation, the noise level at 40m away from the pump station can meets the requirement.

7 pump stations will be built in the project: Shangbaisha wastewater pump station , Zinc product factory pump station , Xiangqiao Road pump station , Jianglan pump station , Gutingshan pump station, pump station of the development zone and Labao pump station. See Fig. 4-1-1 for the location of pump stations.

On the south of the Shangbaisha wastewater pump station and Zinc product factory pump station, residential buildings are under constructon. See Fig. 7-5-1 for surrounding situation.

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There are dwellings in the northeast of Jinglan wastewater pump plant. The distance between screen room and the nearest dwelling is about 98 meters.

There are a lot of dwelling around the Gutingshan pump station, see Fig.7-5-1. According to the local residents, because the road near the pump station needs to be widened, the Liuzhou municipal government has a plan to move them to another place.

Around the other three pump stations have no sensitive sites. In order to reduce the impact on the residents who live near pump stations, the pump stations should be laid out properly. The distance between a pump station and residential building should be above 40 meters. Wastewater pump should be place at a underground lever. Soundproof walls and soundproof windows should be employed to reduce noise impact.

Green plant protection zone should be set up outside the plant. Evergreen arbors, shrub and flowers should be planted for absording odor. Tall trees should be planted outside the plant as a barrier against odor. The area of green plants should over more than 30% area of the plant. The green plants should be diverse ranging from grass, bush to tree

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8. Environment protection measures

The Wastewater Treatment Component is an important measure to improve the environment quality in the city. It will play an important role to environment management and the water quality improvement in Liuzhou. However, the gas, noise and sludge of this Component will have adverse impact on environment. Some measures should be taken to mitigate the impact.

8.1 Environment protection measures during construction stage

8.1.1 Measures for air pollution control

The main air pollutants of the Component are odor and dust. (1) Measures for odor pollution control (OThe dredging should be performed in low water season after wastewater interception project is completed. The sludge and garbage should be transported to Lichonggou landfill field for disposal. (If the sludge and garbage can not be transported in short time, they should be stored in straw bags to prevent the dust and the odor from emission. In this way, the impact of sludge and garbage on nearby residents are mitigated. (®)Thesludge should be transported in closed trucks to avoid spilling. (I)Ensure safety of workers.

(2) Measures on dust pollution control (o) The construction should be properly managed. Load and unload materials gently. Remove the sludge that is attached on the trucks before they leave the constuction site. Trucks should be covered by canvas when transporting lime, sand, stone, cement and coal ash. OZThe dust derived from construction and transpotation can be controlled by sprinkling and cleaning. The dust can be reduced by 70-80% by means of sprinkling water. But the dust removal can be over 90% with cleaning ahead of sprinkling. Experiments show that if the sprinkling is carried out four to five times per day, the pollution extent can decrease to 20 - 50m. It is recommended that water-sprinkler be employed at each construction site. In addition, the lime and sand should not be stored open air. If they have to be stored open air, sprinkle water on them to raise the surface water content and control dust. ®) Choose a qualified contractor. Use quality cement and closed trucks. (a) Cement mix plant should be far away from the residential buildings. (5)Waste earth should be transported to landfill for disposal. (®)Vegetation should be recovered after the land will not be used any longer to prevent soil erosion. Construction site of Zhuexi Creek Rehabilitation Component and the piping construction are mostly in urban area and towns where there are many enterprises and residents. So emphasis must be made on dust pollution control during construction stage. Around wastewater treatment plants, there are also some residential areas. Emphasis should be made on dust pollution control during construction stage.

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8.1.2 Measures for noise control

According to the sound environment analysis, during the construction period, the noise from construction sites has great impact on surroundings. There are sensitive sites in all construction sites. So the construction contractors should take effective noise control measures to reduce the noise impact on environment.

A practical construction plan should be worked out to avoid using high-noise equipments simultaneously. In addition, high-noise equipments should be used during daytime. If possible, do not use them at night.

( 1 ) Rational construction plan Rational construction plan should be prepared to aviod using a lot of high noise equipments at the same time. In addition, if possible, use high noise equipments in the daytime. Minimize the use of high noise equipment at night.

(2) Rational layout at construction sites Avoid using high noise equipments at the same place. Avoid that the local noise level is too high.

(3) Reduce the noise level of equipment (D Choose low noise equipment. For examples, replace oil burning machines with hydraulic pressure machines and choose high-frequency vibrator. (g) For fixed machinery, such as navvy and bulldozer, noise can be reduced by using exhaust muffle and providing shield for vibrating parts. ( Noise level will if vibration parts become loose or the muffle fails. So the machinery should be repaired and maintained regularly. T Spare equipment should be deenergized. Transportation trucks should slow down when entering the construction sites. Minimize the use of horn.

(4) Reduce artifical noise (o Machines should be operated according to regulations. When disassembling baffles and support, procedures should be observed to reduce collision noise. 4) Do not frequently use whistles, bells and beeper. Modem low-noise equipment is recommended.

(5) Temporary noise barrier Fixed machinery should be operated in the shed if possible. Otherwise, noise barrier should be provided. Apart from above noise reduction measures at construction sites, it is also important maintain a good relationship with nearby enterprises and residents. Contractor should notify the invloved enterprises and residents in advance before construction. Construction progress and measures taken for noise control should be available to involved enterprises and residents. Compensation should be paid to those seriously disturbed. Moreover, hot line should be set up for complaints about noise during construction period. Complaints should be handled in a positive manner.

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8.1.3 Measures for solid waste pollution control

(1) Sludge should be transported out of the construction site as soon as possible in order not to disturb the nearby residents. If the sludge cannot be transported in short time, it should be filled in straw bags to reduce dust and odor pollution. Sludge should be transported in closed trucks to prevent the dirt from spilling. (2) Sludge should be transported to the Lichonggou landfill. Leachate should be properly treated to ensure the conformity with discharge standard. (3) Waste earth and construction refuse should be landfilled or backfilled. The disposal site will not be utilized in near future. Vegetation should be planted on disposal site to avoid soil erosion. (4) The waste or surplus sand, stone, building materials, steel and packing materials should be collected and managed. Clean the construction site and do not allow any trouble unsolved.

8.1.4 Measures for soil erosion control

During construction stage, large quantity of earth will be excavated and vegetation will be destroyed. Soil erosion will increase dramatically if proper measures will not be taken. So environment protection measures should be taken to effectively control soil erosion. (1) Earthwork should not be performed in Rainy season; (2) Earthwork should be properly planned. Use excavated earth for backfilling. Use waste earth excavated during construction of piping and Wastewater Treatment Plant for backfill and landscaping use at other construction site or sent to landfill for disposal. (3) Choose a flat field for temporary storage of materials. Vegetation should be recovered when the land is no longer used; (4) The project should be constructed by stages and by segments. Do not construct the project (especially piping) throughout the whole construction area at the same time. Measures should be taken for soil erosion control on bare soil. (5) Green plants can help prevent soil erosion. If possible, treatment units in Wastewater Treatment Plants can be constructed one by one. Once a treatment unit is completed, green plants should be planted according to planning so as to prevent soil erosion. (6) Earth should be properly stored at the construction sites. Earth should be placed far away from sewers and waters so that soil is less possible to enter sewers and waters. Straw bags should be placed surrounding the sand and stone dump. Drains should be built for discharge water on the material dump.

8.1.5 Measures for water pollution control

(1) Construction contractor should build a sedimentation tank during construction stage. With sedimentation treatment, rain water and construction wastewater are clarified to an acceptable level for discharge.

(2) Temporary services will be built at WWPT construction site, including dining hall and toilet. The wastewater of the dining hall should be pretreated by oil separator firstly, then mix with the domestic

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wastewater. Mixed wastewater should be treated in a septic tank and discharged. The effluent should meets the secondary standard of Comprehensive Discharge Standard of Wastewater.

(3)The workers for Zhuexi Creek rehabilitation component and piping construction may use existing sercives near the construction sites. The contractors should take all necessary measures to prevent untreated wastewater from flowing into river and existing irrigation channels.

(4)Strengthen the management at the construction site; maintain a flat filed. Earth and sand should be properly stored preventing them from entering nearby river.

(5) Construction of river-acrossing pipe and discharge outlet for the Yanghe wastewater treatment plant should be properly planned. Avoid excavation in river.

(6) Oil or chemicals etc. should not be placed near the water body. They should be placed far from the river. These material should be coverd with canvas so as to avoid entering into the waters in wind and storm weather. Environment management should be strengthened. To prevent water pollution caused by the oil leakage or waste oil discharge, the leakage oil from the construction machinery should be collected.

8.1.6 Mitigation of impact on society

According to the policy for land acquisition, house demolition and residents resettlement regulations of the state and local government, villagers who lose their land or dwelling will receive compensation and resettle in a new place. Emigrants' opinions should be paid enough attention. Their employment and living conditions should not get worse than ever. The emigrants should be provided with larger housing and adequate public service including schools, hospitals, kindergartens, stores and public transportation.

(2) Piping and riverways should be constructed by stages. Excavation and backfill should be done as soon as possible. Temporary sidework should be built near public services like hospitals, schools and bus stations. Traffic warning marks should be set up. At rush hour, the policemen should manage the traffic. Construction materials should not be transpoted during peak hours to reduce traffic flow.

(3) Educate managers and workers. Emphasize the significance of historic site protection. According to field survey, no historic site has been found in the project area so far. Once any historic site is found during construction, immediately inform the local historic site protection authority. Construction will not be restarted until the historic site has been under proper protection.

(4) Minimize transportation of building materials or waste earth during rush hours or at night, so as to reduce traffic jam and the impact on nearby residents.

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8.2 Environmental protection measures during operation period

After the Liuzhou Wastewater Treatment Component is completed, the pollution will be mainly caused by the odor pollutant, effluent discharge, noise and sludge. Measures should be taken to reduce pollution.

8.2.1 Measures for air pollution control

The main air pollutant is the odor from wastewater treatment and sludge storage. Environment protection measures should be taken for odor pollution control. (1) Determine protection distance according to the standard to prevent nearby residential area from being affected by the odor; (2) Plant green vegatation around the WWTP for absorbing odor; (3) Strengthen the management on sludge storage, transportation and disposal; (4) Avoid accidents. Establish emergency procedures.

8.2.2 Measures for noise control

The main noise source of the wastewater treatment nose is the noise from the equipments in Wastewater Treatment Plant and wastewater pump station, including wastewater pumps and blowers. The following measures can be taken for noise control: Choose low-noise wastewater pumps and blowers; Install mufflers at the air intake and outlet of blowers; Build soundproof room to reduce noise; Measures such as vibration reduction, noise insulation and underground air transport, could be used for aeration tank and blower room; Control for blower room can be integrated in the Central Control Room so that the operators do not need to work in the blower room.

8.2.3 Measures for water pollution control

After Wastewater Treatment Component is completed, the water quality in the urban area of Liuzhou will be greatly improved. In order to ensure the normal operation of Wastewater Treatment Plant, guarantee water quality of Liujiang River and ensure the water supply safety, the following measures should be taken during WWTP operation: (1) For enterprises that have caused serious pollution and cannot be improved, they should be closed, stopped, mergered, transfered or removed.

(2) In order to ensure the normal operation of Wastewater Treatment Plant, and ensure that the water quality of discharge can reach the national standard, water quality of inflent should be in compliance with requirement.

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(3) The industrial wastewater with high pollution load must be pretreated in the factory. Emergency tank should be built to avoid highly-polluted influent from entering the wastewater plant, which may affect treatment efficiency and effluent water quality.

(4) In order to avoid accidents, the WWPT should be properly designed and managed. Emergency procedures should be established.

(5) Strengthen water pollution monitoring, including influent/effluent water quality monitoring, and water quality monitoring at the downstream of discharge outlet and underground water monitoring where sludge is stored, treated and disposed.

(6) Specify personnel's responsibility for the operation and management of the Wastewater Treatment Plant. Strengthen staff training and set up technical examination files. The unqualified staffs are not allowed for operation.

(7) When accidents occur, if possible, go on the normal operation of screen and grit chamber to reduce the SS and COD. At the same time, investigate the major pollution sources in catchment. The pollution-generating factory should take emergency measures to reduce the discharge of harmful substance. Once force majeure occurs, for example, dual-circuit power fails or the natural disaster takes place, wastewater cannot be treated. In this case, factories in the catchment will be required to not discharge wastewater to pretect the water body.

8.2.4 Measures for sludge problem control

(1) Sludge bulking Sludge bulking is a tough problem in Wastewater Treatment Plant. It occurs mainly at the secondary sedimentation tank. Sludge bulking occurs due to the overgrowth of filamentous microorganism. Filamentous microorganism disturbs the characteristics of sludge, leading to the sludge bulking. During wastewater treatment, if the pollutant concentration in influent is too high or aeration time is too short, activated sludge treatment will overload. When sludge is deteriorated, odor will occur. The activated sludge tends to float at the secondary sedimentation tank, forming foams or filamentous organism. The mix liquid is difficult to separate. The efficiency of wastewater treatment decreases. The major measures to solve sludge bulking problem: (O) Reduce sludge return and remove remaining sludge to encourage the formation of the fresh sludge in the aeration tank. (2) Increase air supply. (©) Divert some wastewater from bypass to reduce load. (0) Add chlorine in the return sludge. (0) Add hydrogen peroxide in return sludge. (b Add nutrient if the content of nitrogen and phosphorus is not enough (O) Change the operation mode into intermittent aeration. ® Add flocculation agent like ferric chloride into the secondary sedimentation tank. © Temporarily stop discharging digester supematant to aeration tank.

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(2) Sludge thickening and dewatering There are advantages and disadvantages for mixed treatment of primary sludge and secondary sludge. When the sludge is being thickened, fermentation often occurs. The fermented sludge is diffcult to be compressed and the supematant is turbid. Secondary sedimentation sludge is easy for dewatering. In order to prevent the fermentation of sludge during thickening, chemical can be added to enhance sludge stability.

(3) Landfilling of sludge, debris and sediment The sludge, debris on screen and sediment will be sent to the landfill for disposal. The requirements for landfilling are as follows: O The sludge, debris and sediment should be placed in closed containers to prevent secondary pollution on the road; © Transport them in certain period and through certain route. For landfilling sludge, debris and sediment, following requirements should be followed: (D The sludge should be covered with earth everyday to reduce odor and pollution; (®) Mixing the sludge and garbage is favorable for anaerobic decomposition.

(4) Monitor the soil and groundwater at sludge dump regularly. If pollution occurs, stop landfilling and take remedy to prevent further pollution.

(5) Air pollution and secondary pollution of underground water should be prevented during sludge storage and transportation. Closed trucks should be used for sludge transportation. Do not transort sludge during rush hours.

(6) Avoid secondary pollution of heavy metal Sludge of the Wastewater Treatment Plant should be regularly monitored. If the content of heavy metal exceeds the limit, notify the landfill immediately. Then, sludge and domestic garbage should be landfilled separately, and strict anti-seepage measures should be taken. The leachate should be sent to the Wastewater Treatment Plant for treatment and then be discharged.

8.3 Liuzhou action plan for Industrial pollution control

In order to protect the water source of Liuzhou, and prevent the river from pollution, Liuzhou carry out the industrial pollution control plant to the key enterprises with heavy pollution. The main measures includes: (1)The enterprises with heavy pollution in urban area will move to the more suburb or the new industrial development zone at downstream of Liujiang River; (2)New enterprises with heavy pollution are forbidden; (3) Policy of pollution emissinon/discharge charge; (4)Management on wastewater tariff, (5)Strengthen the inspection of the wastewater discharge. Enterprises with serious pollution should install the automatic online monitoring equipments. 'The equipments should be connected directly with the information centre of the Environmental Protection Agency.

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The action plan for the industrial pollution control are shown in Table 8-3-1, Table 8-3-2and Table 8-3-3.

Table 8-3-3 Plan of on-line monitoring

Enterprise Schedule Pollutant Paper mill of Liujiang River Has installed COD Liuzhou steel works Has Installed COD Liuzhou railway maintaining station Has Installed COD Liuxing sugar refinery Has Installed COD Longcheng chemical plant Has Installed PH value(Cd, Zn, Pb) Wuling automobile factories To be Installed in 2004 COD Zinc product factory 2004 PH value(Cd, Zn, Pb) Labao sugar refinery To be Installed in 2004 COD Lida chemical group 2005 COD Longzhou chemical plant 2005 NH3 Longquanshan Wastewater Treatment 2005 COD Plant Paper mill (in Luzhai) 2005 COD Two sugar refinery in Liucheng 2005 COD sugar refinery in Rongshui 2005 COD The industrial pollution control action will be finished at the end of 2005. At that time, the industrial wastewater will be recycled or treated to an acceptable level for discharge. When the industrial pollution control plan ends, heavy metal discharge will meet the primary standard of "national wastewater discharge standard". After industrial pollution control is finished, the water quality of influent and effluent of the Wastewater Treatment Plants can be assured. The water quality of Liujiang River will be improved.

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Table 8-3-1 Heavy metal pollutants discharged by the key enterprises in Liuzhou urban area in 2003 *

6 Enterprise Wastewater Wastewater Treatment Hg Cd Pb As Cr+ amount Amount Percentage Amount Percentage Amount Percentage to Amount Percentage Amount Percentage (ten thousand (kg) to the total (kg) to the total (kg) the total (kg) to the total (kg) to the total ton) amount amount amount amount amount Liuzhou steel 5040.0 Biochemical treatment for wastewater 2160 39.8 works from coking process; Sedimentation for wastewater from smelting process; Oil seperation treatment for rolling process Longzhou 4817.0 Biofilter Biochemic 867 44.6 Chemical al Industrial Group treatment Liuzhou Zinc 150.9 Treatment for heavy Chemical 14 2.5 7444 98.1 1211 22.3 1053 54.2 Products Co., Ltd. metal wastewater treatment Liuzhou 131.0 oil removal treatment; Physical 1.3 0.8 industrial active sludge treatment method machinary Biochemic Limited Company al method Liuzhou 116.1 Pollutant treatment Sedimentat 3.5 2.2 locomotive and station ion and air coach wagon flotation factory Longcheng 88.6 Pollutant treatment Chemical 549 97.5 138 1.8 1993 36.7 14 0.7 chemical plant station method Electroplating 58.8 flocculation and 121.56 75.2 industry sedimentation Total 563 100 7582 99.9 5364 98.8 1934 99.5 126.36 78.2 *Note: After the pollution control measures are implemented at the end of 2005, the zinc product factory will be relocated. The heavy metal discharge of other enterprises will reach primary standard of nationa discharge standard

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Table8-3-2 Action plan for the industrial pollution control in Liuzhou Enterprise Wastewater Discharge COD discharge (t) Measures Finish Predicted (ten thousand ton) time decrement Amount Percentage to the amount Percentage to total amount the total amount

Liuzhou Wastewater treatment Percentage of water recycling: 95% 5040.0 27.9% 1512 2.0% 2006 Pecnaeowtrrcylg:9% Steel Works

Longzhou Chemical Wastewater resue The decrement of the wastewater 4817.0 26.6% 4094.5 10.2% 2004.9 Industrial Group discharge :4700t/h Treat the wastewater to acceptable Polluttant decrement: COD: 10389t/a; BOD: Liujiang paper mill 3223.6 17.8% 21726.1 53.9% 2004.9 level 5184t/a: SS: 18360t/a Liuzhou cement plant 791.3 4.4% 613.470 1.5% Wastewater recycling system 2005

connect the cooling-water ducts to the The decrement of the wastewater Labao sugar refinery 183.1 4.2% 780.2 3.5% 2005 interception system at Zhuexi Creek discharge:4000t/d Reuse of wastewater The decrement of the wastewater discharge: Liuxing sugar refinery 190.9 1.1% 4565.7 1.5% 2005 6701 Ot/d Liuzhou industrial Clean technology; zero discharge of Oil collection: 15t/a, Pollutant decrement: machinary Limited 131.0 0.72% 39.23 0.10% wastewater 2005 COD: 39.2t/a: SS: 42kg/a Company

Liuzhou Zinc product Relocation Pollutant decrement: Pb: 2.6t/a, Cd: 0.94t/a 150.9 0.83% 111.4 0.28% 2005 factory As: 1.64t/a Zn: 164.2t/a Liuzhou locomotive and Recycling of wastewater The amount of the recycled water is 16000 116.1 0.64% 25.6 0.06% 2006 coach wagon factory t/year Longcheng chemical plant 88.6 0.49% 5.3 0.01% Recycling of cooling-water Planning Recycled water accounts for 60% of the total Dongfeng chemical plant 62.0 0.34% 22.4 0.06% relocation 2006 Total 15368.9 85.02% 33495.9 89.24%

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9. Residents resettlement and social impact

9.1 Environmental impact of residents resettlement

(1) Concerned residents and enterprises According to the construction plan, the land use of Wastewater Treatment Component is 621. 29 mu.A survey at the construction sites shows that there are 624 families with 2470 people to be moved and 33 enterprises and 52 stores affected. The total area of houses to be demolished is 71700m2 , including 55089 m2 of residence. The compensation for the resettlement is listed in Table 9-1-1. Table 9-1-1 Compensation for land acquisition and resettlement

Component Compensation for land acquisition Compensation for the resettlement (ten thousand yuan) (ten thousand yuan) Zhuexi Creek rehabilitation 6353.07 10200 Baisha wastewater treatment plant 6352.80 1905.0 Longquanshan Wastewater Treatment Plant 3595.5 0.0 Yanghe wastewater treatment plant 6480.0 0.0 Labao wastewater treatment plant 1430.0 0.0 Total 24211.37 12105 (2) Environmental impact of resettlement The construction of component will inevitably bring out house demolition and migration, which lead to inconvenience for residents in life quality and enployment.

In the Liuzhou Environment Management Project-Wastewater Treatment Component, the related resettlement plan has been made while feasibility report was made. Based on emigrants' opinion and related compensation measures of the state and local governments, settlement cost are allocated from the total budget of the Component to guarantee that the living and employment conditions of emigrants will be improved or at least not worse than current level. There are two choices for resettlement. One is total cash reimbursement and the other is property right exchange. The residents to move may choose different plans or resettlement locations according to their own will and economic conditions.

According to the survey, in the project area, the average house area per family is about 96.6 sq. m. and the average area per person is 24.2 sq. m. It belongs to the vast and sparsely populated area. The houses are basically built of bricks and tiles and a few are mixed structure of bricks and earth. Most of the affected houses are two-layer brick houses, bungalows and sheds temporarily put up with earth and bricks. In such areas, especially remote villages and emigrants-dense areas, living conditions are poor. There are little home appliance except power and water supply. Besides insulated from modernized communication information, even the toilets are extremely simple. There are no dredging and discharging system. The toilets also serve as garbage station and are often built near the residence.

The three districts planned for resident resettlement (Beixing Mingyuan, Huayangnian District and Jixiangyuan) are all newly built. The houses are of mixed structure of brick and concrete. There are

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independent sanitation facilities, kitchens and water supply and sewer system. The communication, entertainment and living conditions are good. People will have a more comfortable life there. With high vegetation coverage, good environment quality and beautiful scenery, the communities have perfect supplementary facilities and convenient traffic network. Hospitals, schools, banks, supermarkets and entertainment places are located in the neighborhood. It is an ideal place to live in.

The feedback from the questionary shows that the majority of the residents think the living conditions in the new communities are better than before. The quality of life has been improved. They are satisfied with the resettlement plan.

(3) Employment and income Those farmers who lose the land will get one-time economic compensation and be resettled according to related regulations. For example, those who use the compensation to do business will be provided with information on shop and will be granted preferential policies in certificate transacting; those participating in employment training will be offered free training to learn some craft, in order to establish a business by themselves or participate the job opportunities offered by the labor Service Company or employment service center for reemployment.

The economic status of the resettled residents will be generally better than the existing condition. However, since farmers do not have high education and technology level, they may be not adaptable to new working environment, or exposed to the risk of unemployment. Thus the technical training and the time and expense for the training should be put as priority for resettlement plan.

In addition, as the consumption level is relatively higher in the new communities and property management fees increase, the net income of residents may probably reduce as their total income has not increased much.

The above-mentioned problems should be considered carefully in the resettlement plan to avoid complaint and adverse social effect.

9.2 Social impact analysis

9.2.1 benefit analysis

Through the river rehabilitation and the construction of the interception pipelines and the Wastewater Treatment Plants, the project will enhance the Liuzhou wastewater treatment capacity greatly, increase the availability of water, improve the drinking water quality and increase the utilization of clean water. The remarkable social benefits of the project are as follows: (1) Enhanced wastewater treatment capacity will create better condition for Liuzhou citizen Currently the Zhuexi Creek has been seriously polluted. The water cannot be used as water source. After the project, Zhuexi Creek will become the water source for Liuzhou, mitigating the urban water use shortage. Tap water will be used more widely in countryside and make life more convenient. Now some surface water is severely polluted and cannot be used either for drinking or irrigation. The

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection 130 Liuzhou Environment Management Project - Wastewater Treatment Component wastewater treatment will transform the river and Creek into water sources for irrigation so as to increase agricultural productivity.

(2) Improve the environment near the Zhuexi Creek, which is good to commercial development. The pollution of Zhuexi Creek has limited local trade development and affected the investors' enthusiasm. It is expected that after the project is completed, the improved environment will attract investment not only for shopping, but also for comprehensive consumption project such as catering and entertainment. This will enhance the investors' confidence and promote the trade development of the neighboring area, creating a golden business zone for shopping, catering, leisure and entertainment.

(3) The compensation to enterprises for relocation will help upgrading their production technique and optimizing their product structure. There are 19 enterprises along the Creek affected by the project, including such trades as metallurgy, machinery, cement, paper making, transportation. Since business competition is so fierce at present, every enterprise need to invest in upgrading production technique and optimizing their product structure.

(4) The increase of materials demand for the project will stimulate the production of related enterprises. The steel, building materials and cement demanded for the project will be purchased mostly in local area. Not only enterprises along the river will be benefited but also the ones around Liuzhou city.

(5) The labor force needed in the project will increase job opportunities. The whole project will be constructed by stages and will last 10 years. During this period, a number of labors are needed, which will provede many jobs for Liuzhou and nearby region.

(6) Construction of wastewater system will reduce the wastewater treatment construction cost of individual enterprise, which is advantageous to the construction and development of the economic & technological development area.

(7) Migration of some residents and enterprises is helpful for industrial structure adjustment for city planning.

(8) Land requisition and removing in countryside enable farmers to do non-agricultural work and accelerate the progress of urbanization.

(9) Migration of residents will promote friendly intermingle and integration of different areas and peoples of Liuzhou.

9.2.2 Adverse social impact

Although the project is an environment improvement project, the implementation will still bring some unwanted social effect.

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(1) After wastewater treatment, enterprises will have to pay more for wastewater discharge fees and water charges, which increases their production cost. (2) The charge of water supply increases and people will burden more expenditure. Current charge of 1.5 yuan / cubic meter has already been quite a burden for some poor people. The rising price will aggravate their poverty. (3) Enterprises may stop their business entirely or partially, which may affect their development. (4) The change in neighborhood and living environment may bring inconvenience to people's life and work. (5) If there is no adequate profession training before the farmers give up farming, this may cause difficulty for them to find new jobs. If they cannot find jobs for a long time, they may idle around and pose potential risk to social stability. (6)If the people coming from other places cannot find cheap house to live, they may become a social instability factor and be harmful to local society.

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10. Environment risk analysis

10.1 Potential accident risk

The environment risk of the Wastewater Treatment Component exists in the every Wastewater Treatment Plant. The possible reasons that may cause accident and related effect are as follows: (1) Equipment failure If the wastewater or sludge treatment equipment breaks down, wastewater treatment capacity will be lower, the water quality may decrease or and the sludge can not be thickened and dewatered in time. This will result in sludge fermentation and odor emission.

(2) Quality of the influent The sudden increase of the pollutant load in influenct caused by abnormal wastewater discharge or poisonous matter flowing into the pipe by accident, may cause the activity of microorganism in the aeration tank reducing or poison the microorganism, affecting wastewater treatment efficiency.

(3) Extemal accident Because some irresistible extemal reasons appear, such as power off, sudden natural calamity, causing the wastewater treatment facilities to stop running, a large number of unprocessed wastewaters may be discharged directly. This is the worst condition for abnormal discharge of Wastewater Treatment Plant.

(4) Flood impact on the safety of Wastewater Treatment Plant Great flood took place many times in Liuzhou in history. So the flood impact on Wastewater Treatment Plant must be considered. The main flood impacts include: destroy facilities, silt underground facilities and damage buildings. The Wastewater Treatment Plant cannot operate and the wastewater is discharged directly to Liujiang River. This will bring serious pollution to the water body.

(5) Accident in normal operation Since the wastewater system accidents are unpredictable, it bring great damage to maintenance personnel and even endangering their lives.

10.2 Environment accident impact

10.2.1 Environment risk of abnormal wastewater discharge

According to the mechanism of wastewater biological treatment and practice in domestic Wastewater Treatment Plants, the reasons for the leakage of untreated wastewater in municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants are as follows:

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Poor quality of wastewater treatment equipment or facilities and inadequate maintenance may lead to failure of equipment and facilities, causing decreased treatment efficiency or even discharge of untreated wastewater.

(2) Power off in the Wastewater Treatment Plant may directly lead to discharge of untreated wastewater. The above two conditions will pose impact on the water quality in Liujiang river (please refer to the water quality prediction in the report).

10.2.2 Sludge impact

The amount of sludge generated by the four WwTPs is 10.3 X 10 4m3/a. There are some organic, pathogenic bacteria and pollutant in the sludge. If the sludge is not disposed timely and properly, it will give off odor or flow into the surface water body with runoff, causing secondary pollution to the environment and being harmful to people's health.

Moreover, if sludge thickening and dewatering is not processed timely, large amount of sludge will be stored in the tank. Sludge will ferment if stored for a long time, bringing about foaming and odor problem, etc. What's more, the capacity of the sludge tank is limited. When the sludge is not thickened and dewatered for a long time, the tank will be full and sludge will spill over.

10.2.3 Risk analysis of inadequate pretreatment of industrial wastewater

The treatment effect of municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant is greatly affected by the variation of such parameters as quantity and quality of influent wastewater.

Labao Wastewater Treatment Plant mainly treats domestic wastewater while the other three will carry out centralized treatment of the industrial wasterwater (the industrial wastewater accounts for 17% for Baisha Wastewater Treatment Plant, 50-60% for Longquanshan Wastewater Treatment Plant and 50-60% for Yanghe Wastewater Treatment Plant). According to the Environmental Protection Law, the industrial wastewater discharged by enterprises must be pretreated and cannot be discharged unless certain requirements have been met.

If the impact load of aste water into the plant is too great (mainly caused by abnormal discharge within the wastewater interception area), exceeds the range of PH value 6-9 and has more non-degradable organic poison (discharged mainly by chemical, medical and dyeing sectors) than required, the activity of the microorganism of the Wastewater Treatment Plant will decrease and the biota may even be destroyed. Sludge bulking will finally result in water quality deterioration, exceeding the national discharge requirement and damaging water environment and ecosystem.

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10.2.4 Impact on people's health

When environment accident occurs, staffs' health and safety of the Wastewater Treatment Plant will be affected first. If facility of the wastewater system has failure, problems must be solved. This requires the maintenance staff to go to the sewers, or wastewater tank, where may generate or accumulate poisonous gas like H2S. If no protection measures are taken, workers will feel dizzy or stuffy for breathing in poisonous gas. Some may even die.

There are various pathogenic bacteria and parasitic ovum in the wastewater and sludge. If no attention is paid to sanitation measures after treating wastewater or sludge, the operators may contract intestinal and parasitic disease.

10.3 Countermeasures against accident

10.3.1 Control measures against abnormal discharge of wastewater

(1) Emergency measures against unstable flowrate should be considered in the design to solve the problem; (2) Emergency tank should be built for certain industrial enterprises causing serious pollution; (3) Management over power station should be strengthened to guarantee normal operation of power supply facility and circuit; (4) Strengthen the monitoring of water pipelines to find out and solve problems timely; (5) Establish Wastewater Treatment Plant management and operation responsibility system; strengthen the staff training and set up technical examination records. Unqualified workers are not allowed to work; (6) Pay more attention to maintenance and management of equipment and facilities. Spare equipment should be prepared for key machines to ensure dual-circuit power supply.

Once the accidents occur, the following measures should be taken: (1) Try to guarantee the normal operation of screen and grit chamber to reduce the SS and COD in the water; (2) Try to find out the reason from the main pollution sources of the water shed. Relevant plants should take emergency measures to control the discharge volume of substance that do harm to microorganism. (3) Once irresistible external reasons occurs such as dual-circuit power cut or accidental natural disasters, wastewater will be discharged without being treated. Demand the plants that connecting their pipes partially or totally stop discharging wastewater to the pipes to ensure the water body function safe. (4) When the accident takes place or is being handled, a warning sign should be hung near the outlet to remind related departments to take prevention measures.

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10.3.2 control measures against the impact of sludge discharge

The sludge should be cleared immediately after dewatering and should be transported in an closed vehicle to avoid odor and being scattered around, which will pollute the environment.

The Wastewater Treatment Plants should repair the equipment in time once an abnormal sludge discharge occurs. Try to solve the problem before the sludge exceeds the capacity of the tank. Medicament like lime should be added to prevent the sludge from ferment and reduce the discharge of odor.

10.3.3 Control measures against the flood impact on Wastewater Treatment Plant

(1) The flood impact should be given full consideration in the design. According to the state's regulations, the year of designing and the year for checking should be incorporated.

(2) Flood dam could be built around the Wastewater Treatment Plant. To sum up, there are certain environment risks in the wastewater treatment projects including the pollution to Liujiang river, the impact on air and underground water and even damage to people. Potential accidents and necessary measures should be considered in the design. Management should be strengthened in operation to prevent and deal with the accidents timely so that environmental impact and economic loss might be reduced.

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11.Comparison between different options

11.1 Analysis of project zero

11.1.1 Significance of the project

The improvement of urban water environment is an important issue related to the social and economic development. It is also very important for urban sustainable development. The Wastewater Treatment Component has already become an important part of the infrastructure, which has significance to improve the ecological environments of the city and surrounding areas, ensure the normal operation of the city and accelerate the combined development of society, economy and environment. According to the policy of No.36 document of the State Council "notice on strengthening urban water supply, water saving and water pollution control", the percentage of wastewater treated in cities should be no less than 60% by 2010, and the percentage of wastewater treated in major or key cities should be no less than 70%. So according to present situations, the percentage of wastewater treated in Liuzhou can not meet the national requirement for environment protection. Implementation of the Wastewater Treatment Component is a key measure to realize the objective of water pollution control in the master plan of Liuzhou.

Constructing urban Wastewater Treatment Plants is a necessary measure to protect environment, recover the eco-system. and maintain social and economic sustainable development. The project will reduce the total amount of pollutant, control the deterioration of local environment, and improve the urban ecological environment. So the construction of urban Wastewater Treatment Plant is imperative.

11.1.2 Comparison of options

(1) Option 1: Wastewater Treatment Component (2) Option 2: Zero project The comparison of the two options are shown in table 11-1-1.

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Table 11-1-1 Comparison of the two options

Option one Option two 1. improve water environment, ecological environment of the city and surrounding areas, improve the environmental quality, maintain the sustainable development of Liuzhou: 2. raise the percentage of wastewater treated in Liuzhou, reach the requirement for " notice on strengthening urban water supply, water saving and water pollution control"; Realize acceptatle water quality in river reach at Mao'er 1. Maintain current situations of dwelling Advantage mountain; and land use, avoid adverse impact during 3. according to requirements in master plan of Liuzhou, it is construction and operation. an important measure for water pollution control; 4. increase the construction investment of the infrastructure, stimulate the related industries, offer more employment positions, accelerate economic development; 5. majority of the citizens support this project. The project will benefit publics. 1. with the constant increase of municipal wastewater quantity, a large amount of untreated wastewater is discharged into Liujiang River directely. The water pollution 1. produce the pollutions, such as a small amount of will aggravate continuously, especially when airborne dust, wastewater, noise, solid waste and so on Honghua Hydro dam is completed. Liuzhou during construction period, destroy vegetation, cause soil reach of Liujiang River will become a part of erosion ; raise the traffic load, and degrade the landscape on reservoir. Flow speed will slow down. construction site; self-cleaning ability will be weakened. Shortcoming 2. wasterwater treatment plant, pump stations and other Water quality will deteriorate. Water source constructions use some land permanently; many pollutant, will face pollution problem. Citizen's life such as wastewater, noise, odor, sludge and so on are quality and economic sustainable produced during the operation of wasterwater treatment development will be affected; plant; 2. Percentage of wastewater treated is low, 3. increase the wastewater treatment expenses, raise the which cannot meet the state requirements for costs fur industrial and domestic water use; environmental protection and hold back the development of urban economy; Water quality in river reach at Mao'er mountain cannot meet standard; 3. Can not meet requestments in master plan. According to table 11-1-1, if option one is implemented, although there wll be some environmental impacts during construction and operation, the impact is limited can be eliminated or minimized by many measures. The project will not cause adverse impact on large area. Furthermore, the implementation of option one can impove the water environment in Liuzhou, ensure the conformity of wastewater discharge, improve the local ecological environment, upgrade citizens' lives, facilitate the sustainable development of Liuzhou, and also benefit the public. Thus option one is the proper choice.

11.2 Comparison of options of Wastewater Treatment Plant

Wastewater treatment capacity in each catchment is shown in table 11-2-1. Four options of Wastewater Treatment Plant Configuration are proposed according to Liuzhou master plan, wastewater treatment capacity in each catchment, and land use and existing conditions. Details are shown in table 11-2-2.

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3 Table 11-2-1 Wastewater treatment capacity in each catchment (2000-2020) (m Id)

NO. Catchment Type 2000 (current data) 2010 2020

1 Baisha catchment Wastewater treatment capacity 0 100,000 100,000

2 Longquanshan catchment Wastewater treatment capacity 100,000 250,000 300,000

3 Jinglan catchment Wastewater treatment capacity 0 100,000 150,000

4 Yanghe catchment Wastewater treatment capacity 0 25,000 50,000

5 Labao catchment Wastewater treatment capacity 0 25,000 50,000

6 Total Wastewater treatment capacity 100,000 500,000 650,000 3 Table 11-2-2 Wastewater Treatment Plant configuration (ten thousand m /d)

Proposed Wastewater Treatment Plant Short term ( 2010) Long term ( 2020) Baisha WwTP 10.0 0

Longquanshan WwTP 25.0 5.0

Jinglan WwTP 10.0 5.0 Option one Yanghe WwTP 2.5 2.5 Labao WwTP 2.5 2.5 Total 50.0 15.0

Baisha WwTP 10.0 0

Longquanshan WwTP 25.0 5.0

Option two Yanghe WwTP 12.5 7.5 Labao WwTP 2.5 2.5 Total 50.0 15.0

Baisha WwTP 10.0 0

Longquanshan WwTP 35.0 5.0

Option three Yanghe WwTP 2.5 7.5 Labao WwTP 2.5 2.5

Total 50.0 15.0

Baisha WwTP 0 5.0

Longquanshan WwTP 35.0 0

Option four Yanghe WwTP 12.5 7.5 Labao WwTP 2.5 2.5

Total 50.0 15.0 Option one: it is the original option, building Baisha, Longquanshan, Jinglan, Yanghe and Labao five Wastewater Treatment Plants respectively.

Option two: Build Baisha, Longquanshan, Yanghe and Labao Wastewater Treatment Plants. Cancel Jinglan Wastewater Treatment Plant and transport wastewater in Jinglan catchment to Yanghe Wastewater Treatment Plant.

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection 139 Liuzhou Environment Management Project - Wastewater Treatment Component

Option three: Build Baisha, Longquanshan, Yanghe and Labao Wastewater Treatment Plants. Cancel Jinglan Wastewater Treatment Plant and tranport wastewater in Jinglan catchment to Longquanshan Wastewater Treatment Plant.

Option four: Build Longquanshan, Yanghe and Labao Wastewater Treatment Plants. Cancel Baisha and Jinglan Wastewater Treatment Plants, and transport wastewater in Jinglan catchment to Yanghe Wastewater Treatment Plant, transport wastewater in Baisha catchment to Longquanshan Wastewater Treatment Plant. Comparison of investment and operation cost of four options is shown in table 11-2-3.

Table 11-2-3 Comparison of investment and operation cost in short term (Unit: yuan)

Component Option I Option 2 Option 3 Option 4 Zhuexi Creek rehabilitation 462,331,811 43919.41 462,331,811 462,331,811 Baisha wastewater treatment plant 279,025,938 29761.01 279,025,938

Longquanshan wastewater treatment plant 157,153,957 19684.97 302,483,587 531.346,773 Investment Labao wastewater treatment plant 79,335,794 9530.25 79,335,794 79,335,794 estimate Jinglan wastewater treatment plant 199,894,338

Yanghe wastewater treatment plant 179,300,986 33784.98 179,300,986 352,081,136

Total 1,357,042,824 136680.62 1,302,478,115 1,425,095,514

Electric power 16,469,960 18,266,050 17,085,960 23,111,980

Chemial 7,825,300 7,825,300 7,825,300 7,825,300 Operation. Operaiost Labour 7,566,000 7,195,500 7,396,000 5,616.000 cost Other 38,263,500 38,279,700 37,183.900 41,268,700

Total 70,124,760 71,566,550 69,491,160 77,821,980

The comparison of advantages and shortcomings of four options is shown in table 11-2-4.

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Table 11-24 Comparison of advantages and shortcomings

Advantages Option one Option two Option three Option four and shortcomings 1. Separate 1. Investment is less; 1. the investment is the configuration. The there is scale advantage. lowest; there is scale project is easy to be the labour cost is advantage. the labour 1. The scale advantage is approved. The electric relative low; it uses less cost is relative low, it the most; the labour cost power consumption is land; will use less land in is the lowest, and it uses Advantage relative low; 2.Can reduce investment short term, the electric the least land; 2. no river acrossing risk of Yanghe power consumption is 2. Can reduce siphons will be Wastewater Treatment relative low; investment risk of constructed.; Plant; 2. Can reduce Yanghe Wastewater 3. Current Baisha 3. Current Baisha investment risk of Treatment Plant. wastewater collection wastewater collection Yanghe Wastewater system can be utilized. system can be utilized. Treatment Plant. 1. Investment is the highest. Electric power I.The piping will go consumption is high; the through the land for total operation cost is military use. It is the most; difficult to implement 2. Current Baisha the project; wastewater collection 2.In the long term, when system cannot be I.Investment is relative Need to build the river wastewater quantity in utilized; high; acrossing siphons. The Longquanshan 3. In the long term, Shortcoming 2. there are many construction and catchment reaches the when wastewater Wastewater Treatment maintenance of river predicted flowrate, the quantity in Plants. the management crossing siphon is excessive wastewater Longquanshan is complicated. difficult. needs to be transported catchment reaches the from Jinglan WWTP to predicted flowrate, Yanghe WWTP. The Baisha Wastewater scale advantage will Treatment Plant will be disappear. The built. The scale investment is not advantage will efficient. disappear. The investment is not efficient. According to the comparison above, the option two is recommended, i.e. build four Wastewater Treatment Plants: Baisha Wastewater Treatment Plant (1OO,000m3/d), Yanghe Wastewater Treatment Plant (125,000m3 /d), Labao Wastewater Treatment Plant (25,000m3 /d) and expand Longquanshan Wastewater Treatment Plant (150,000m3 /d).

11.3 Site selection and WWTP layout

11.3.1 Site selection analysis

(1) Baisha Wastewater Treatment Plant This Wastewater Treatment Plant will be located to north of Huilong Village, to south of Huilongchong, to west of Qiangxian Road. (OThis area covers 133.27 mu which are larger than 105mu (land use for WWTP) and the site selection are in compliance with the city's master plan;

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection 141 Liuzhou Environment Management Project - Wastewater Treatment Component

2)The land is currently fishponds, vegetable farms and wasteland. No building needs to be demolished. The area is large with much vegetation. The environment is pleasant; )According to the data, there is no instable geology in this area; )The land is near the end of interception pipes, which facilitates input of wastewater. Investment is low; )It is at downstream of urban water source. Emergency discharge will not endanger the source for the water supply. And the land is near flood pump station in Huilongchong. So it costs less for effluent discharge. There is no need to build new effluent pump station; (®)Double-circuit power supply consists of onelOkV circuit from Baisha transformer substation and the other lOkV circuit from Beique transformer substation, which guarantees reliable operation of Wastewater Treatment Plant; (3Water Company will provide reliable water supply for process use and domestic use; ®Roads will be built around the area. The traffic is convenient. According to the analysis above, this site is feasible for Wastewater Treatment Plant.

(2) Longquanshan Wastewater Treatment Plant There is reserved land in the south areas of current Longquanshan Wastewater Treatment Plant. The expansion of WWTP will be built in this area. Total capacity will be 350,000m3 /d. (OThe land is for long-term use of Longquanshan Wastewater Treatment Plant with total usable area of 220 mu (including current area of 102.8 mu). It is enough for extension of WWTP. The site selection is in compliance with the city's master plan; (2)The land is currently vegetable farms and wasteland. No buildings will be demolished; (®)Accordingto data, there is no unstable geology in this area; )The land is near the outlet of collection system (Liushi trunk canal), which facilitates input of wastewater. Investment is low; (f)It is at downstream of urban water source. Emergency discharge will not endanger the source for the water supply. And the land is near flood pump station in lengshuichong. So it costs less for effluent discharge. There is no need to build new effluent pump station; (©)TheWastewater Treatment Plant has one 1OkV power supply at present. The extension construction will input another lOkV power supply from Jianpan Mountain transformer substation as spare power supply. @)Water Company will provide reliable water supply for process use and domestic use; ®)The traffic is convenient; According to the analysis above, this site is feasible for Longquanshan Wastewater Treatment Plant.

(3) Yanghe Wastewater Treatment Plant This WWTP is planned to build in Yanghe Village on the north of Liujiang River. It will be located in the south of Yanghe development zone, to the east of Guibei express way. It is to the south of a proposed roads and to the west of Guibei Mountain. This area has a strip form. It is curently vegetable farms and wasteland. cDThe land covers 180mu. It is enough for use of Wastewater Treatment Plant. Site selection is in compliance with city's master plan; (OThe land is currently vegetable farms and wasteland. No buildings will be demolished; (®)According to data, there is no unstable geology in this area;

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(A)The land is near the outlet of collection system, which facilitates input of wastewater. Investment is low; (t)It is at downstream of urban water source. Emergency discharge will not endanger the source for the water supply. And it is near Liujiang River. So it costs less for effluent discharge. There is no need to build effluent pump station because the outlet is higher than river's water level; ®)Double-circuit power supply consists of onelOkV circuit from Baisha transformer substation and the other lOkV circuit from Beique transformer substation, which guarantees reliable operation of Wastewater Treatment Plant; (!)Water Company will provide reliable water supply for process use and domestic use; ®Roads will be built near the sit. The traffic is convenient. According to the analysis above, this site is feasible for Wastewater Treatment Plant.

(4) Labao wastewater Treatment Plant Labao Wastewater Treatment Plant will be located in Zhongtun Village in the southeast of Labao Town. The land is at lower reach of Jiuqu River. (OThe land covers 69.17mu. Short-term land use is 38.93mu. It is enough for use of Wastewater Treatment Plant. The site selection is in compliance with the city's master plan; (9)The land is currently farmland. No buildings will be demolished in short term. The long-term construction will follow the requirement of protection distance; ®)According to data, there is no unstable geology in this area; (A)The land is located at downstream of service area; Wastewater is easy to flow into WWTP. The operation cost is low. Since the land is near Jiuqu River, the discharge of effluent is convenient. ()It is at downstream of urban water source. Emergency discharge will not endanger the source for the water supply. And it is near Jiuqu River. So it costs less for effluent discharge. There is no need to build effluent pump station; (®)It is between the planning area and constructed area which facilitate construction by stages. The investment of current project is low. And it is convenient for input of wastewater in the future; )Double-circuit power supply consists of onelOkV circuit from Baisha transformer substation and the other lOkV circuit from Beique transformer substation, which guarantees reliable operation of Wastewater Treatment Plant; ®Water Company will provide reliable water supply for process use and domestic use; ®)This site has convenient traffic. Cost for wastewater transportation, piping maintenance and management can be reduced. There is enough space for protection zone. The WWTP will has no impact on urban environment. According to the analysis above, this site is feasible for Wastewater Treatment Plant.

11.3.2 WWTP Layout analysis

(1) Baisha Wastewater Treatment Plant The Wastewater Treatment Plant is to the south of Huilongchong and at the end of wastewater interception mains. And it is to the west of Qiangxian Road beside Liujiang River. On the north, it is near Huilongchong flood pump station. And proposed roads will be built to the south and west. The WWTP can be divided into six parts. The southwest comer in the WWTP is the prozone, including the multi-function building, gate reception room and central green space; there are pump station, grit

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection 143 Liuzhou Environment Management Project - Wastewater Treatment Component chamber, dewaterer house and sludge dump in the southeast corner, where the odor problem is significant. This part is located in the leeward of prevailing wind direction in summer. In the north of three parts of area are used for sedimentation tank, A2/O oxidation ditch, secondary sedimentation tank and sludge pumping. In the south of plant center, there are blower house, repair workshop and warehouse. The area is rationally divided. The land for green space is abundant. The enviromnent is pleasant.

(2) Longquanshan Wastewater Treatment Plant The WWTP can be divided into three large parts. The first part lies in the north, which has already been built and put into service, including the multi-function building, gate reception room and other accessory buildings. The second part lies in the middle part, where there are three groups of combined tanks (the primary sedimentation tank, biological treatment tank and secondary sedimentation tank are combined together). A grit chamber is on the west of the combined tanks and a sludge pump station is on the east. The third part is for tertiary treatment facilities and expansion, which is in south. Each part has a specific function. The layout is reasonable.

(3) Yanghe Wastewater Treatment Plant The WWTP can be divided into four parts in short term. The northwest corner is the prozone, including the multi-function building, gate reception room and central green space. There are pump station, grit chamber, dewatererr house and sludge dump in the southeast corner, where the odor problem is significant. This part is located in the leeward of prevailing wind direction in summer. In the northeast corner, there are primary sedimentation tank, A2/O biological tank, secondary sedimentation tank and other process facilities. The sludge pump station, sludge thickening and dewatering workshop, UV sterilization tank and so on are located in the southeast corner. Each part has a specific function. The layout is reasonable.

(4) Labao Wastewater Treatment Plant The WWTP can be divided into four parts. The first part is the prozone in the northernmost, including the multi-function building, gate reception room and central green space; the second part is for pump station, grit chamber, power supply control room, and WVsterilization tank. The third part is for process facilities, such as modified oxidation ditch, secondary sedimentation tank, sludge pump station and so on. The forth part is in the south where sludge thickening and dewatering workshop is located. Each part has a specific function. The layout is reasonable. The land for green space is abundant. The environment is pleasant.

11.3.3 Comparison of different wastewater treatment techniques

(1) Baisha Wastewater Treatment Plant Option one: Anaerobic treatment + Carrousel 2000 type oxidation ditch Carrousel oxidation ditch was developed in Holand in 1960's, which are widely used at present. With anaerobic tank before the original Carrousel oxidation ditch, it is referred to as anaerobic Carrousel oxidation ditch (A/C). This technique may enhance sedimentation of activated sludge and prevent the activated sludge bulking. It also provide biological treatment for dephosphorization and denitrogenation.

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Option two: A2/O technique A2/O is the abbreviation of Anaerobic-Anoxic-oxidation, which was developed by American experts in 1970's on the basis of Anaerobic-Oxidation technique. This technique has the function of denitrogenation and dephosphorization at the same time. It adds an anoxic tank into the Anaerobic-Oxic process. Part of mixture in oxic tank is returned to anoxic tank in order to achieve denitrogenation. Comparison of the above two options is shown in table 1-3-1. Table 11-3-1 Comparison of different wastewater treatment technique

Option one Option two Item Anaerobic treatment + Carrousel 2000 type A2/0 oxidation ditch Effluent water quality Excellent Excellent Advanced, practical, widely Description of technique Advanced, practical used Process flow Simple Complicated

Operation, management and maintenance Simple Complicated

Reliability and flexibility High Relative high

Land use Relative large Relative small

Quantity of equipment Small Great

Sludge discharge great Small

Odor discharge Small Great

Energy consumption Relative high Relative low

Investment(ten thousand yuan) 30175.78 29761.01

3 Operating cost (yuan / m ) 0.447 0.437

According to table 11-3-1, in both cases, the effluent water quality is good. Two techniques are both advanced and practical. Although the process flow of the option one is simple and the operating reliability and flexibility are high, it has many shortcomings, such as the land use is large, the energy consumption is high, the investment and operation cost is high and so on. Thus, after comprehensive analysis and comparison, A2/O technique is recommended for Baisha Wastewater Treatment Plant.

(2) Longquanshan Wastewater Treatment Plant The Longquan Mountain Wastewater Treatment Plant Phase I has a compact layout. It uses small area of land. The WWTP phase I employs practical and reliable A2/O technique with good performance of energy-saving. In order to facilitate management and reduce investment, the extension of WWTP will still employ A2/O technique. Exsisting facilities will be fully used. Modification will be made if necessary. There is no other option for comparison.

(3) Yanghe Wastewater Treatment Plant Option one: A2/O technique Option two: Anaerobic treatment + Carrousel2000 type oxidation ditch Comparison of the two options are shown in table 11-3-2.

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According to table 11-3-2, in both cases, the effluent water quality is good. Two techniques are both advanced and practical. Although the process flow of the option one is simple and the operating reliability and flexibility are high, it has many shortcomings, such as the land use is large, the energy consumption is high, the investment and operation cost is high and so on. Thus, after comprehensive analysis and comparison, A2/O technique is recommended for Yanghe Wastewater Treatment Plant. Table 11-3-2 Comparison of wastewater treatment technique

Option one Option two Item A2/0 technique Anaerobic treatment + Carrousel2000 type oxidation A2/Otechnique ~~~~~~ditch Effluent water quality Excellent Excellent Advanced, practical, widely Description of technique Advanced, practical used

Process flow Complicated Simple

Operation, management and maintenancemaintenance Complicated Simple Reliability and flexibility Relative high High

Land use Relative small Relative large

Quantity of equipment Great Small

Sludge discharge Small great

Odor discharge Great Small

Energy consumption Relative low Relative high

Investment (ten thousand yuan) 33784. 98 33587. 08

3 Operating cost (yuan / m ) 0.446 0.465 (4) Labao Wastewater Treatment Plant Option one: Anaerobic treatment + Carrousel2000 type oxidation ditch Option two: UNITANK technique Comparison of the two options is shown in table 11-3-3. According to table 11-3-3, in both cases, the effluent water quality is good. Two techniques are both advanced and practical. Process flow of the option one is simple and the reliability and flexibility are high. Compared to option 2, option 1 uses less energy with lower operation cost. With comprehensive analysis and comparison, anaerobic treatment + Carrousel2000 type oxidation ditch is recommended for Labao Wastewater Treatment Plant.

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Table 11-3-3 Comparison of different wastewater treatment technique

Option one Option two Item Anaerobic treatment + Carrousel2000 UNITANK processing type oxidation ditch Effluent water quality Excellent Excellent

Description of technique Advanced, practical Advanced, practical

Process flow Simple Relative complicated

Operation, management and maintenance Simple Relative complicated

Operating reliability and flexibility High Relative high

Quantity of equipment Small Great

Energy use efficiency Relative low Relative high

Spare equipments No Many

Energy consumption Relative high Relative low

Investment (ten thousand yuan) 9530. 25 9672.49

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12. Benefit and cost analysis

Liuzhou Environment Management Project-Wastewater Treatment Component is an important part of the urban infrastructure, which has significance to improve the ecological environment of the city and surrounding areas, guarantee the normal function of the city and improve the harmony development of society, economy and environment.

Liuzhou has built Longquanshan Wastewater Treatment Plant phase I with the capacity of 100,000 m3/d, and the percentage of municipal wastewater treatment is only up to 12.5%. Because the infrastructure for municipal wastewater management in Liuzhou is far behind its urban development, a large amount of untreated wastewater flow into Liujiang River through the ditches or drains, causing the river pollution. The implementation of this project will increase the percentage of wastewater treatment in Liuzhou. The most important is the image and quality of the city will be improved effectively by managing the environment and improving the water environment quality. At the same time, the residents' life quality will be also improved. All of these help the future sustainable development of Liuzhou.

12.1 Environmental and social benefits of Zhuexi creek rehabilitation

Zhuexi creek rehabilitation includes three parts: interception of wastewater system, riverway management and sight construction. The technological scheme adopted by this project has successful precedents at home and abroad and is dependable on technology level. The implementation of this project will achieve anticipative goals. And its trouble-free implementation must bring significant environmental, social and economic benefits.

12.1.1 Environmental benefits

Zhuexi Creek recieves lots of industrial and life wastewater as one main drain outlet in Liuxi. The wastewater from former airport development area and paper mills is discharged into Liujiang River directly, which menaces the fetching water quality safety of the water supply plant seriously and destroys the landscape of the river and banks. It brings local area satisfying environmental benefits after the completion of the comprehensive management project, including direct environmental benefits and indirect ones. (1) The direct environmental benefits of this project presents in: OThe improvement of the Zhuexi Creek water quality When the interception of wastewater project is completed, the capacity of COD, BODS, NH3-N and TP in the south branch will reduce by 16.72 tons, 5.78 tons, 1.35 tons and 0.14 tons respectively; the capacity of COD, BOD5, NH3-N and TP in the south branch will reduce by 5.64 tons, 2.16 tons, 0.52 tons and 0.05 tons. When the water quality at the starting cross-section meet the standard, the water quality of Zhuexi creek will reach the Class III of GB3838-2002 "Environmental quality standard for surface water". ()It adopts the ways of planting and lighting to form longshore landscape within the red lines in the management area and disposes proper vista. When these projects have been completed, the ecological

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection 148 Liuzhou Environment Management Project - Wastewater Treatment Component environment situations of the reach in Zhuexi Creek will be improved so greatly that sight of Zhuexi Creek as one of the "eight sights in Liuzhou" will reappear to be an entertainment place for the residents to relax. Zhuexi longshore sight after the projects is shown in figure 12-1-1. Q)The rural ecological environment of the upper reach will be improved, the utilization percentage of the resources will be increased, and the soil and water loss will be reduced. (!)The ecological environment of Liujiang River will be improved, which has accelerating effects on ecological sights of Liujiang River.

(2) The indirect environmental benefits of this project presents in: OLiujiang River pollution situations will be released which will help to improve the water quality of Liujiang River. And it also has active accelerating effects on improving the water quality at water slot of Liunan water supply plant and Liudong water supply plant in the lower reach to guarantee the safety of water supply. )It is prescribed in the Gui-Development No.62 document issued: Liuzhou city takes charge of the downstream zone of Liuzhou with the intersection point of Maoershan section, and should try to make the water quality reach the Class III standard (GB3838-2002). The cooperation with wastewater treatment project will have positive effects on realizing the standard.

12.1.2 Social Benefits

Zhuexi Creek Rehabilitation is the project of protecting environment and building the urban image of civilization and sanitation. It is the comprehensive public utilities project of bringing benefits to descendants also. Its social benefit is quite remarkable and embodied mainly: (1) With Zhuexi Creek rehabilitation, the city basic establishment along the Zhuexi creek was improved directly, and the urban investment environment was ameliorated. These have quite important function on the sustainable development of the city. (2) After the project is implemented, ensuring the people's health by improving environmental sanitation and cleaning the water body. These play a great role to stable people's lives and make social orders normal. (3) After Zhuexi creek rehabilitation and environment management was executed, soil erosion has been avoided and the ground became more flat. The land can be used for dwelling construction or other real estate development along creek bank. Some section of creek can support people amusement, recreation, and gymnastic, etc. as opened park, and make people's life abundant. (4) After Zhuexi creek environment management was executed, residents benefit from clean water areas and beautiful environment. This can improve the people's environmental consciousness. (5) Having improved the capacity to withstand floods, and guarantee national wealth and residents' life safety.

12.1.3 Economic Benefits

This project does not have remarkable direct investment benefits; however, its indirect economic benefits are comparatively remarkable. It includes the following aspects mainly:

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection 149 Liuzhou Environment Management Project - Wastewater Treatment Component

(1) The landscaping of Zhuexi creek sides may help the development of trade and business around there. (2) After the Zhuexi creek rehabilitation, environment becomes more beautiful and benefits to the development of real estate. (3) Enterprises obtained the removal compensation; this can help upgrading production technology and optimizing enterprise's product structure. (4) Project construction increases the input in funds, increases the goods and materials demand, can spur the production of relevant enterprises. (5) Project construction needs workforce's input, can increase the work positions, alleviate the employment pressure.

12.1.4 Measure and suggestion

The Zhuexi creek rehabilitation is not a making-profits project. In order to guarantee the normal running of this project and playing its role, implementing the system of drainage charge and making the water resource utilization rationally is planned. According to the relevant regulation made by Liuzhou city, making a proper charge policy to ensure the agricultural used water in surrounding area and promote the rational utilization and protection of the water resource. At the same time, there should set up a set of scientific supervision mechanisms, including operation and maintenance measures, environmental control measures, and organizing control measures, etc. After the management project is finished, controlling the pollution type of second and third industries in the surrounding area of Zhuexi creek, in order to ensure the whole ecological benefits of the project.

12.2 Wastewater treatment plants

12.2.1 Environmental Benefits and Social Benefits of proposed WWTP

The environment benefits and social benefits of each proposed WWTP are showed in the table 12-2-1.

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Table 12-2-1 Environmental and social benefits of wastewater treatment plants

Items Environmental and social benefits Baisha wastewater The serving area is the north peninsula of Liuzhou River, administrative division treatment plant is the peninsula district in the middle of city and Liubei district. The service district is the old town mostly. Planning area is 31.5km2; planned population is 320,000 in 2020. Longquanshan Longquanshan wastewater disposal project serves west and southern areas of wastewater main city; administrative division is mainly Liunan district and Yufeng area, Servi'ce area treatment plant planning area is 60km2 , planned population is 600,000 in 2020. Yanghe wastewater It serves mainly the southeast areas of main city, Liudong area and the Yanghe treatment plant (industry) development area; administrative division is center district of the city and Yufeng area. It is 58.32km2 to be planed in the whole area. Planned population is 460,000 in 2020. Labao wastewater Serving Labao town in Liujiang county mainly, namely the county town of treatment plant Liujiang. The planning area is 25.93km2 , and planned population is 120,000 in 2020. Baisha wastewater Disposal ability is I 00,000m3 /d, remove CODcr2Ot/d. treatment plant Longquanshan Disposal ability is 250,000m3 /d (including first stage of the project), remove Wastewater wastewater CODcr6Ot/d. treatment plant treatment. Yanghe wastewater Disposal ability is 125 000m3 /d, get rid of CODcr36.3t/d. treatment plant Labao wastewater Disposal ability is 25,000m3 /d, get rid of CODcr6t/d. treatment plant The total cThition It is significant to reduce water pollutants. contribution

Health Improve the living condition of residents of the service area, reduce the disease that the wastewater caused, and improve the local hygiene situation. Landscape Improve the water quality of a section of Liujiang River in urban area of Liuzhou, and strengthen the aesthetic feeling of the urban environment. Employment Offering a lot of long-term employment opportunities and a large number of short-time jobs. Citydevelopment Improve the infrastructure of the urban area of Liuzhou, and strengthen the motive force of sustainable development of Liuzhou Baisha wastewater Takes up an area of nearly 8.885 hectares for ever; the land be confiscated is the treatment plant area for planning, there has not pulled down in the range of land occupation. Longquanshan The phase II takes up an area of 7.99 hectares for ever; it is the area that Landausewastewater.streatment plan specified future date for Longquanshan wastewater treatment plant. * ~~~~~~~Landuse treatment plant Yanghe wastewater Takes up an area of 12 hectares for ever, 8.69 hectares in the near future, have treatment plant not pulled down in occupation of land range. Labao wastewater Takes up an area of 4.611 hectares for ever, 2.595 hectares in the near future, treatment plant have not pulled down in occupation of land range. Economical stimulation and It is significant to implement the total emission of pollutants and promote the social social sustainable development of economy in Liuzhou city. development

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12.2.2 Organic load reduction and environmental benefit on surface water

After the Wastewater treatment component is implemented, each component will reduce the load of CODcr 44639.5t/a which entered the water body in the earth's surface totally. It is significant to implement the total emission of pollutants and promote the local social sustainable development of economy.

Organic load reduction and environmental benefit on surface water after this project is finished are shown in table 12-2-2.

Table 12-2-2 Environmental and social benefits of wastewater treatment plant

Reduction of Environmental benefits on WWTP organic load (t/a) surface water CODcr BOD, TN TP Baisha wastewater treatment plant 7300 3650 365 91.25 Reduce the direct wastewater Longquanshan wastewater treatmnentplant 21900 6570 821.25 82.13 amount of Liujiang, and improve the water quality of Yanghe wastewater treatment plant 13249.5 8212.5 684.38 114.06 Liujiang in the reach of Liuzhou urban area.

Labao wastewater treatment plant 2190 912.5 91.25 18.25 Improve the water quality of Jiuqu river. Total 44639.5 19345 1961.88 305.69

12.2.3 Economic Benefits Analysis

According to the relevant regulations about "the temporary rules of collecting fees of paid-used draining equipment" executed by national Ministry of Construction, with consulted the experience of other cities and combined the actual conditions of this project, collecting the fees of discharging wastewater to make this project have certain economic benefits.

There are no remarkable direct investment benefits in each wastewater disposal project, but the indirect economic benefits are comparatively remarkable. It shows mainly through reducing the emission of wastewater and the social economic losses, its forms of expression are as follows: Industrial enterprise: it can reduce the investment and manage expense which is each industrial enterprise take wastewater disposal individually, and lighten enterprise's burdens of environmental protection; Because project construction includes the construction of the wastewater treatment system of the whole Liuzhou city, there are low cost advantage of project amplification after the project is built up, and reduces construction cost of wastewater treatment plants in individual enterprises. This is favorable to the enterprises' construction and development of the whole city, especially the Yanghe economic and technological development area.

(2) Urban water supply: the wastewater is sent to the Wastewater Treatment Plant after it is dammed, reduce the pollution of water source of water works, and reduce the expenses of water treatment(for instance, reduce chlorine dosage, etc.).

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(3) Agriculture, graziery and fishery: The water pollution may cause the output of the cereal crops, livestock produce, aquatic products to drop, and cause the economic losses. After this project is implemented, it can be alleviated.

(4) Health: After the project is finished, local hygiene situation can be improved, and the incidence of disease will be decreased. These can reduce the expenses of medical care and raise labor productivity.

12.3 Cost-benifict analysis for construction and operation

(1) Financial appraisal Cost-benefit analysis of each component is shown in table 12-3-1. Table 12-3-1 Construction and operating cost of each component (2010)

Component Construction Total cost Operating cost Income investment (ten thousand (ten thousand (ten thousand yuan) yuan) yuan) Zhuexi creek rehabilitation 43919.41 3890.94 1109.41 Baisha wastewater treatment plant 29761.01 2958.82 1596.55 Wastewater Longquanshan wastewater treatment 19684.97 2841.33 1573.59 treatment will gain plant 160,709,500 yuan Yanghe wastewater treatment plant 33784.98 4101.79 1921.49 in 2010 and will Labao wastewater treatment plant 9530.25 1130.77 514.66 gain 173,740,000 Total 136680.62 14923.65 2436.15 yuan in 2020. 3 Total cost for wastewater treatment (yuan / m ) 1 .11

3 Operating cost for wastewater treatment (yuan / m ) 0.50 Through the financial analysis, it can be known that this project can't maintain operation in itself on the current condition. After the project is built up, Liuzhou will adjust the wastewater expenses standard in good time. It will meet the requirement of this project normal running and repay the loan when the time comes; the project is feasible financially.

(2) Analysis of national economy The project which is planed to be built is a good public project of protecting the environment and benefiting the people. Indirect economic benefits and direct economic benefits of this project are very remarkable. This project can improve the river quality of Liujiang River, meliorate the environmental situation of the project location, and make the land potential appreciation in the region, etc. Thus, the implementation of this project has certain incomes to national economy.

12.4 Measures to guarantee benefits

In order to make the project give full play to the anticipated benefits after completion, there need to take some guarantee measures in project implementation and operation:

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection 153 Liuzhou Environment Management Project - Wastewater Treatment Component

(1) Reforms of administrative structure The core of administrative structure reforms about pollution discharging is to change organization's characters. In order to meet the needs of draining of water and development of wastewater treatment plants in cities, there propose setting up a urban wastewater company, which is responsible for the construction and operation of drainage system in the whole city and Wastewater Treatment Plant in full-time. In order to implement independent accounting and profit-and-loss responsibility, the economic organization which have a qualification of juridical person adopt economy and regulation means to manage, and go on progressively the path of "unified planning, centralized management, comprehensive administration and raising by itself', in order to guarantee the repaying abilities of the loan.

(2) Auditing, monitoring and management of the wastewater treatment service area Registered and managed the discharge amount, water quality and pretreatment situation of wastewater which is discharged by all draining units in each sub-project service district. The Wastewater Treatment Plant signs the wastewater treatment contract with the unit be served, and charge to deal with according to wastewater amount and wastewater quality. In order to guarantee that all wastewaters in the serving district can enter the Wastewater Treatment Plant and give full use of the utilities of the Wastewater Treatment Plant, there need set up verifying system of wastewater discharge. To all wastewater discharge units, confirming its discharge amount according to its process, water consumption, and coefficient of discharging. If an enterprise which its displacement> 5OOm3/d and other sensitive wastewater discharge enterprise should set up online monitoring instruments to guarantee wastewater accords with the requirement of discharge standard after pretreatment. When wastewater discharge amount and water quality changed, the unit should be verified again and registered. The municipal government should make relevant policies, carry out the standard of wastewater discharge strictly, and make the expenses standard of discharge wastewater to guarantee the normal running of wastewater disposal plant. The environmental protection department supervises the wastewater discharge enterprises strictly and makes its waste water discharge accord with into discharge wastewater standard and don't discharge at will.

(3) Measure of wastewater charges It is the essential measure of ensuring the Wastewater Treatment Plant to operate effectively that the wastewater charges. The expenses standard of wastewater disposal fee in Liuzhou is relatively low at present, only it is 0.5 yuan/cubic meter, and differs greatly with calculating financial benefits used 1.28 yuan /cubic meter. For the condition with normal running of wastewater treatment, Liuzhou municipal government should consider increasing the expenses standard of the wastewater treatment fee progressively.

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13. Pollutant quantity control and clean production

13.1 Pollutant quantity control

13.1.1 Policy and requirement for pollutant quantity control

The pollutant quantity control is one of basic principles to implement the responsibility system of environmental management which pays attention to target, it is the policy that our country begins to be pursued especially during "Ninth Five-Year Plan ", practice has proved it is a set of effectual means that our country improves environmental quality of the present stage, so our country will strengthen the pollutant quantity control policy further during the "Tenth Five-Year Plan". There has been confirmed the discharge limit of the waste water and its different pollutants in "Liuzhou Tenth Five-Year Plan of the environmental protection" according to "the Tenth Five-Year Plan of national environmental protection", they can be seen in table 13-1-1. Table 13-1-IThe control limit of Wastewater and pollutants in Liuzhou during the "Tenth Five-Year Plan" Year 2000 2005 2015 Factors The total quantity of wastewater in whole city ( ten thousand tons per year) 30000 35296 41953 Wastewater treatment quantity in whole city ( ten thousand tons per year) 18561 32385 40828 Wastewater treatment percentage of the whole city (%) 60 79.4 100 Quantity of industrial wastewater in whole city ( ten thousand tons per year) 19538 20741 19451 quantity of industrial wastewater which reach the standard ( ten thousand tons per year) 18000 20741 19451 The percentage of discharged wastewater which reach the standard (%) 95 100 100 Quanity of urban domestic wastewater (ten thousand tons per year) 10462 14555 22502 Quanity of treated domestic wastewater (ten thousand tons per year) 0 11644 21377 Percentage of treated domestic wastewater ( %) 0 80 95 COD quanity ( tons per year) 81121 35616 32952 Cd (tons per year) 32 18.8 15 Pb (tons per year) 34.65 25 20 As (tons per year) 4.5 4.5 4.5

13.1.2 The decrease of total quantity of pollutants

According to the population development plans, the rate of industrial increase, and draining plans, the CODcr quantity is predicted that it will be about 60351 t/a in domestic wastewater and industrial wastewater in Liuzhou 2010. After this project is built up, the urban wastewater treatment capacity in Liuzhou reaches 500,000m3/d (including the phase I of Longquanshan WVV'TP),and CODcr will be reduced to 44639.5t/a, in other words it will treat the 74% of CODcr in Liuzhou 2010. It will bring out

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important realistic meanings to implement the plan of control total amount of pollutants and promote the development of local economy and society.

13.1.3 Measures for pollutant quantity control

(1) Strengthening the pollution control of the heavy enterprise, managed within a definite time period and discharged with limited amount; (2) Enterprises, which arranged with unreasonable, polluted seriously and had not the conditions of reconstruction on the spot, should be closed, stopped, merged and shifted, and moved firmly. (3) Strengthening management and enterprise's technological transformation, and digesting pollution in process of production to the maximum extent. (4) Carrying out the discharge license system, and strengthening the changing from the density control to pollutant quantity control, and promoting enterprises' pollution administration on control management.

13.2 Clean production

Carrying out clean production in the wastewater treatment plants, which can makes the production process get adequate pollutant prevention and cuts down the source, is the essential measure to prevent secondary pollution and accident in this project

Clean production emphasize that prevents pollution in many aspects, such as production process, products life cycle and service, etc., and cuts down the source. Therefore, carrying on the analysis of clean production while carrying on environmental appraisal, not only can prevent the environmental pollution after the project being built up, but also can prevent the pollution that this project emerges itself. This will greatly reduce pollution with the effective and economical way.

According to several suggestions of cleaning production be carried out by State Environmental Protection Administration, analysis from several respects, such as cleaning energy, cleaning materials and auxiliary materials, cleaning production process, cleaning products and energy-conserving measure, etc.

13.2.1 Clean energy

The power of each wastewater treatment plant planed to build in this project stems from the network of supplying power in the city. The power of Labao wastewater treatment plant comes from the network of supply power in Labao town, accord with the demands for clean energy.

13.2.2 Clean production process

In order to the water quality of wastewater treatment according with the national primary discharge standard, Longquanshan wastewater treatment plant employ the wastewater treatment technique of

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection 156 Liuzhou Environment Management Project - Wastewater Treatment Component

A2/O, Baisha wastewater treatment plant, Longquanshan wastewater treatment plant and Yanghe wastewater treatment plant all use A2/O technique, Labao wastewater disposal plant plan to use the craft of Anaerobic treatment + Card Roussel 2000 types oxidize ditch. Above-mentioned techniques have result that remove the phosphorus and nitrogen, the sludge load of water treatment is of the low load category, there is less sludge produced, the residual sludge has already ripened and is relatively more steady, the gas production in anaerobic treatment is low, comprehensive economy benefits is poor, so there have not the sludge digestion system, but thicken and dewater directly.

Moisture content is up to 99.2% in the sludge which discharged from the secondary sedimentation tank. After thickening and dewatering the sludge becomes solid which moisture content is smaller than 80%, and its volume is only 1/30 of the original sludge. The sludge plans to be transported to Lichonggou landfill.

The sludge of Labao wastewater treatment plant is treated by the thickener and filter press. Because this plant is located in the farmland area, it is the sugarcane ground all around, the sludge after dewatering is priority for agricultural use with considering factors, such as freight, etc., but the sludge should comply with the relevant regulations of "the standard of pollutant controls in the agricultural used sludge" which is effective in our country currently. If the pollutant exceeds standard, the sludge still be transported to Lichonggou landfill for disposal.

13.2.3 Energy-saving measures and effects

13.2.3.1 energy-saving measures

(1) Baisha, Longquanshan, and Yanghe wastewater treatment plants The wastewater treatment plant of Baisha, Longquanshan, and Yanghe all use A2/O technique, its energy-saving measures embody in the following aspects mainly: © Through investigating the water quality of influent in the wastewater treatment plant all over the country and analysis the current situation of water quality in Liuzhou, putting forward the rational design parameters. If the parameters' value is too high, it will make the structures and equipment too big, and waste the energy. As to the thing that the high density influent in short-term, taking shock-resistant load solve it, and do not regard entering water in high density as the basic design data to prevent the equipment from being too big. ()To meet the changing of water quality seasonality, dividing the biological treatment structures two groups. Changing the operation ways to economize the energy, for instance, that A2/O tank is operated in the way of conventional aeration can reduce a group of biological tanks. (Using micropore aeration, the utilization percentage of oxygen rises to 25%, power efficiency brings up to 2.6kgO2/degree (brush aeration is only 1.6-1.8 kgO2/degree). The air-blower is the centrifugal turbine air-blower, and the air demand can be regulated with the leaf blade according to the dissolved oxygen in biological tank. This can avoid wasting and economize the energy. (A)It prohibits adopting the obsolete products that the country announced in the equipment selecting, and select the equipment of high efficiency and low energy consumption. (®)The structures are fixed up compactly, reduce the loss of pipes and canals.

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(2) Labao wastewater treatment plant Labao wastewater treatment plant use the technique of Anaerobic treatment + Card Roussel 2000 types oxidize ditch. Its energy-saving measures embody in the following aspects mainly: (DThrough analysis the current situation of water quality in Liuzhou, propose the rational design parameter of water quality about entering water. (2)It prohibits adopting the obsolete products that the country announced in the equipment selecting, and select the equipment of high efficiency and low energy consumption. (The structures are fixed up compactly, reduce the loss of pipes and canals.

13.2.3.2 Energy-saving effects

The power consumptions of four wastewater treatment plants can be seen from table 13-2-1.

Table 13-2-1 Power consumption of wastewater treatment plants

WWTP Unit power consumption (kwh/m3) Annual total power consumption (ten thousand degrees) Baisha WwTP 0.194 709 Longquanshan WwTP 0.22 1027.6 Yanghe WwTP 0.22 1004 Labao WwTP 0.24 220 At present, it is 0.25kwh/m3 of power consumption for secondary wastewater treatment in China. We can know form tablel3-2-1 that the unit power consumption for wastewater treatment in all wastewater treatment plants is lower than Chinese average level.

13.2.4 Clean production and Environmental Management

In recent years, the work, that Intemational Standards Organization pursues IS014000, already launches on the range of the world. ISO14000 standard has been accepted by the extensive contents and general suitability since it introduced China in 1996, and has obtained the remarkable achievement in practice of China. ISO 14000 is a management system of a kind of structurization; it involves 17 key elements, and emphasizes pollution prevention and continuous improvement; it has stipulated one management mechanism of negative feedback which characterized a core of opened ring which spiral rose as a order of plan - -Implementation - -Check and correct - -Improve (PDCA); and it is a new trend of modem enterprise's environmental management.

The environmental management of enterprises should reflect the thought of cleaning production and realize that the whole course in cycle of life of the products is controlled. We can see from analysis of the above, this project has already adopted this principle basically, and should be still substantiated constantly in the project operation period. The economic benefits can get better embodiment too while stressing the environmental management.

We suggest to carry on the certification of ISO14000 Environment Management for the proposed project; the certification of ISO 14000 Environment Management is a new trend of modem enterprise's environmental management.

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14. Public consultation

14.1 Purpose of public consultation

According to the relevant provisions of " Regulation of Environmental Protection Management for the Construction Project " (No. 253 orders of the State Council) and the EIA guideline, reflecting the open and fair principle, there have a public investigation be planed to carry out in the area where may influenced by the project, in order to offer basis on decision-making and management in this project.

This project is a wastewater management project, will improve the water environment of Liuzhou after the project is completed, and will settle solid foundation for sustainable development of Liuzhou. But during the construction and operation period, this project may cause environmental impact to surrounding area, and directly relate to the vital interests of villages and towns near the project. Let corporations, the public understand project construction and environmental impact which might bring near the each project through the way of public consultation; let them suggest ways and means for project construction actively and feedback various kinds of opinions at the same time, in order to perfect the design plan and minimize environmental impact.

14.2 Description of public consultation

According to the relevant regulations of our country and the requirement of World Bank's operational policies, and use the successful experience of the domestic similar project for reference, this assessment plans to launch the public participate activities, use the forms of granting the public questionnaire, holding the forum and information issuance in this time, solicits the suggestion and requirement to the public, especially the public influenced directly by the project planned to build, answers the knotty problem that the public puts forward, answers the alleviation measures of solving the environmental problems.

In order to fully understand the view that the public influences to the project and the satisfaction of the environmental impact alleviation measures, this assessment has carried on two public consultations and an information issue, see table 14-2-1 and 14-2-2. 14-2-2 Information publication

Time Content Place Policy basis

2004 first draft of Environmental OPM of Liuzhou investment & The 26th of imenta Poftuiuo investment & " Environment Protection Law of the People October Rmepaocrt constructon Development Co., Ltd Republic of China ", first draft of " Law of the People's Republic of China on the 2004 Environmental Liuzhou Municipal Planning Environmnental Impact Assmn The 28th of iment CoMmicion weanite World Bank OP4.01 and annex October impact Commission website October______Report

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Tablel4-2-1 Public consultation

Data Content Place Questioner Population Policy basis Southern Branch and Northem Branch of method on Environmental Protection Zhuexi; Huilong CeSino-Japan Friendship of the People's Republic of China ", Village; Regional Center for Environmental The crowd affected by environmental impact evaluation 200.1.3-2004.1.11 The EIA outline Health School; Jila protection; the project directly or HealthLizhou chool; Enironmetalila indrectlyassessment of the People'sRepublic of Village; Liuzhou Enviro:nental indirectly China " Jiandu Village ; scence Insttute World Bank OP4.01 and enclosure Liuzhou urban area;

Southen Branch and i"method on Environmental Protection Northern of Zhuexi; Sino-Japan Friendship of the People's Republic of China ", The first draft of Huilong Village; Center for Environmental The crowd affected by of environmental impact evaluation 2004.10.9-2004.10.15 the Environmental Regional Health protection; the project directly asessmentot Peple' epulictof impact Report School; Jila Village; EMP office of ICDC in indirectly China " Jiandu Village ; Liuzhou World Bank OP4.01 and enclosure Liuzhou urban area;

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14.3 First public consultation

14.3.1 Method

The first round of public consultation is carried out to rely mainly on granting the form of the questionnaire mainly; the quantity of the questionnaire is different according to the characteristic of areas. The form of the questionnaire is like table 14-3-1. Table 14-3-iThe questionnaire of first stage

Home address: District (county) (the township, town) Village Name Sex Age Nationality Job Schooling Office: Family's population Please answer the following questions, and tick in the item ( which is you admit. (I) The number of years that you live in this area is: ()Within 10 years; ()Within 20 years; ()Within 30 years; ()More than 30 years (2) The distance from project to your residence is: ()Within lOOm; ()Within 500m; ()Within O000m; ()Beyond lOOOm (3) Whether you are satisfied with the local environmental current situation. ( ) Satisfied ( ) Unsatisfied ( ) Can't make it clear (4) If does not implement this project, will your life and production be affected? ( ) Exert a tremendous impact ( ) Do not affect it quite ()Have not impact ( ) Not clear (5) Do you think whether this project is important? ( ) It is very important ( ) It is important (It is not important () Do not know 6)Do you agree with that this project take up the farmland or the fishpond? ( ) Agree ( ) Disagree () Do not know (7) Do you agree in the removal that will be implemented to this project? ( ) Agree ( ) Disagree () Do not know (8) What do you think this greatest negative effect of project is? ( ) Noise ( ) Stench ( ) Constructat night ( ) Wind-bornedust ( ) Constructionsafety ( ) Convenience of going out () Impact on historical relic or vegetation ( ) Impact on the traffic ( ) Pull down and find a room for (9) Are you satisfied with the alleviation measure of the environmental impact that is already made? ( ) Satisfied ( ) Unsatisfied ( ) Not sure ( ) Do not understand about the measure (10) Do you think whether this project could improve local water environmental quality and cityscape? ( ) Obviously improve () Can be improving ( ) Function is not big ( ) Not clear (11) Where do you think the interests and drawback produced of this project are big? ( ) The advantages outweigh the disadvantages ( ) The disadvantages is greater than the advantages ( ) Pros and cons is similar ( ) Can't make it clear (12) Your suggestion on selecting site in the Wastewater Treatment Plant? ( ) Agree ( ) Oppose ( ) There is no idea (13) Which respect is the impact on this area of construction of this project in general? ( ) Positive ( ) Negative ( ) Not clear (14) What opinions or suggestions do you have to this project? (15) For the adverse effect that may be produced by this project, do you have any suggestions, which concrete measures should he taken?

Annotations: Brief introduction of each sub-project overview

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14.3.2 Statistic result

(1) Result In order to make the public consultation reflect the public's opinion on the whole drafted project and meanwhile, investigated target representative, this investigation was separately carried out in the south and north of Zhuexi creek and four Wastewater Treatment Plant locations with the form of questionnaire. Where, 150 forms were granted in Yanghe Wastewater Treatment Plant and 100 shares to each of the other plant. On the total forms of 650 sent out, 490 forms were taken back. And the investigated target includes personages of various circles of society such as cadres, peasants, workers and teachers, etc. of different ages, sexes and peoples, in which, 152 people were from the national ethnic minority which accounted for 31 % of the investigated population. Table 14-3-2 shows the detailed investigated information.

Table 14-3-2 Basic information on the investigated population

Item Sex Age Schooling Occupation

Male Female Below 30-50 Above Above Junior Below Cadre Teacher Office Farmer

30 50 junior college senior clerk

Result college high

school

Number of 239 251 140 243 107 83 107 300 43 59 159 229 people

Percentage 49% 51% 28% 49% 23% 17% 22% 61% 9% 12% 32% 1 47%

In the participated 490 people, 441 people which are 90% of the investigated population support the construction of Wastewater Treatment Component and consider it important. While other 49 people think it unimportant or unclear which account for 10%.

Among the investigated population, 77% think the current situation of living environment is relatively bad, especially, residents along the of Zhuexi Creek unanimously reflect that the current polluting situation has already seriously influenced their normal life and the problems of stench and mosquitos and flies have already influenced residents' life quality. Besides, in dry season, the groundwater of Liangshui Villiage will also be polluted by Zhuexi Creek.

In addition, the public participating in investigating generally think that this project is of great importance in protecting the environment, preventing and curing the pollution, and meanwhile, it is of great significance in improving the water quality of drinking water and preventing pollution on Liujiang River. In a word, it is a major issue of benefiting the descendants. Meanwhile, the construction of the project plays a positive push role in promoting the development of social economy in Liuzhou.

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(2) Public concern While supporting to this project, the public has also put forward their concern on the environmental problems. (Dlt may bring some impact on historical relic or distributions of vegetation and change the ecological environment if we excavate the cut dirty project, clear the river silt and construct the views. And meanwhile, it will produce a large amount of foul smell in the course of excavating the river which, as a result, will affect the people's daily life. What's more, more than 25% of the people think that the engineering construction will influence the traffic, and change the past trip modes. ()During the construction period, stench , multiplied mosquitos and flies, wind-borne dust and noise pollution will influence the residents' life quality, and effective measures are hoped to been taken to solve them. (®)Theproject occupation of land and compensation setting measures must be put in place, and carried out according to the national regulation. (!)During the running of Wastewater Treatment Plant, prevention and cure of the stench and noise pollution is also the problem which attracts the people's attention. On the basis of first citizen's participation, and in allusion to the suggestions the public put forward, the Environmental Assessment (EA) company have complete the environmental impact report, meanwhile, they have paid great attention to the publics' suggestions and reflected them accurately, and in addition, they have also put forward the effective environmental protective measures and launched the second public consultation in October of 2004.

14.4 The second public consultation

14.4.1 Method

This public consultation goes on by way of connecting the public testimonial session with granting the questionnaires, and the form of the questionnaire is showed as Tablel4-4-1. Besides, brief introduction of project is enclosed which introduced the main conclusions of Environmental Assessment, issues the public cared about in the first public consultation and environmental protection measures taken in detail to the investigated participates.

14.4.2 Public testimonial session

Article 21 of chapter three of " Law of the People's Republic of China on the Environmental Impact Assessment " stipulates: "Except the secret situation regulated by the nation, as to the construction projects which may cause great influence, and should be worked out of the environmental impact report, the construction unit should hold the discussion, testimonial session or take other forms to solicit the suggestions from the relevant enterpirse, experts and the public before the approval of the environmental impact report of the construction project. According to the requirement of the World Bank operational policies, and based on the Environmental Assessment laws, the Environmental Assessment workgroup held a public testimonial session in the areas which suffered heavy impact. (1) Survey of public testimonial session

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection 163 Liuzhou Environment Management Project - Wastewater Treatment Component

Name: Liuzhou Environment Management Project-Wastewater Treatment Component environmental impact public testimonial session Time: October 12, 2004 Place: Labao Government Organizers: Sino-Japan Friendship Centre for Environmental protection Liuzhou Urban Investment Construction and Development Co., Ltd.

(2) Participants Zhongtun Village, Jiandu Village, Labao Town 10 people, Xiatun Village, 12 people, Labao Government 3 people

(3) Main Content a. Project origin and its significance introduction by the construction contractor. b. EA company introduces the environmental impact of the project and it mainly contains the survey of the draft project, its component, polluting segment analysis (wastewater, exhaust gas and solid waste), pollutant release analysis and the drafted environmental protecting measures etc. And this introduction makes the public roughly know about the project.

(4) Opinion feedback The participants of the meeting all considered the project to be of much importance and required it to be implemented as soon as possible in order to benefit the local people and meanwhile, they put forward some suggestions on project construction which contained the following: (OConsider the peasants' existing problems and solve the life problems caused by the land occupation (2)Do well with greening inside the Wastewater Treatment Plant and reduce the pollution (®)Solve the problems of dustproof and noise reduction work during the construction. The vehicles should have special roads and do not influence the normal cultivation of local peasants. And try best to shorten the construction time.

14.4.3 Public consultation

100 questionnaires are distributed and 78 are regained, where, 29 people are from the ethnic minority and 32 people have participated in two investigations. The investigation result is much representative. And the detailed information shows in table 14-4-2.

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Table 14-4-1 The questionnaire of public consultation

Home address: District (county) (the township, town) Village

Name Sex Age Nationality Job Schooling

Office: Family's population

Please answer the following questions, and tick in the item ( which is you admit.

(I) The number of years that you live in this area is:

()Within 10 years; ()Within 20 years; ()Within 30 years; ()More than 30 years

(2) The distance from project to your residence is:

()Within lOOm; ()Within 500m; ()Within lOOOm; ()Beyond 1000m

(3) Are you satisfied with the existing local environmental.

()Satisfied ( ) Unsatisfied ( ) Can't make it clear

(4) If does not implement this project, will your life and production be affected?

()Exert a tremendous impact ( ) Do not affect it quite ()Have not impact ()Not clear

(5) Do you think whether this project is important?

() It is very important ( ) It is important ( ) It is not important ()Do not know

(6)Do you agree with that this project take up the farmland or the fishpond?

()Agree () Disagree () Do not know

(7) Do you agree in the house demolition that will be implemented to this project?

()Agree () Disagree () Do not know

(8) Where do you think the interests and drawback produced of this project are big?

The advantages outweigh the disadvantages ( ) The disadvantages is greater than the advantages ( ) Pros and

cons is similar ( ) Can't make it clear

(9) Are you satisfied with the measures for reducing the environmental impact that have already planned?

()Satisfied ( ) Unsatisfied ()Can't make it clear ()Do not know

(10) Are you satisfied with the compensation plan for the land acquisition and house demolition

in the project?

( ) Satisfied ()Unsatisfied ()Can't make it clear ()Do not know

( 1) Do you think what measures should also be taken in the project construction besides this?

(12)What opinions or suggestions do you have to this project?

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Table 14-4-2 Basic information about the investigated population

Item Sex Age Schooling Occupation

Male Female Below 30-50 Above Above Junior Below Cadre Teacher Office Farmer

30 50 junior college senior clerk

Result college high

school

Number of 45 33 20 32 26 16 9 53 11 15 7 45 peopleI I

Percentage 58% 42% 26% 41% 33% 20% 12% 68% 14% 19% 9% 58%

In the 78 people investigated, 73 people which was 94% of the total supported the construction of water environmental comprehensive administration project and considered it to be important, while the rest 5 considered it to be unimportant or unclear which accounted for 6%.

86% were satisfied with measures taken in the EA report, and 6% only knew about it and another 6% thought it can still have impact on the life and work.

As to the listed compensating schemes of the house demolition, 77% were satisfied and 16% were dissatisfied with the fear of the government's implementation force and the resolution of handling affairs according to the regulation, and still 7% thought the moving and land collective problems had nothing to do with them and showed no concern about them.

The participants gave good ideas and suggestions to the EA report and completed it according to the practical situations. (1) The masses involved in the land collection and house demolition thought they must be compensated and settled down according to the national regulation (2) The Zhuexi creek rehabilitation must accord with the actual conditions and properly diminish the greenbelt areas in order to reduce the units' land collection areas such as schools. (3) After the establishment of the Wastewater Treatment plant, the public and students should be organized to visit it in order to enforce the masses' environmental protection consciousness.

14.5 Information publication

(1) Newspaper information issuance In October 27, 2004, this project issued an announcement on "Liuzhou daily", and released the EA report and other documents of the project in PMO in order to facilitate the citizens' reading. Meanwhile, the hot line of the telephone service was opened for the public opinions and suggestions. The announcement content is showed in Fig.14-5-1.

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection 166 Liuzhou Environment Management Project - Wastewater Treatment Component

(2) Information issued in the website The first draft of the report was issued in public in the Liuzhou Government website(http://www.liuzhou.gov.cn) in order to solicit the public's opinions and suggestions on the project construction. And the public can feed back their opinions to the EA company and the charge departments in the form of leaving messages. The announcement content is showed in Fig. 14-5-2.

14.6 Conclusions

This public participated research is widely investigated and the method is proper. And the investigated subjects cover the major affected villagers around the project which are highly representative. Besides, most of the questionnaires are called back. Consequently, the investigating result is object and just. (1) After two rings of investigations, the questionnaire recovery is up to 76%, and agreement rate on the project construction is 90. 5%. (2) As to the harmful effects brought by the construction, most residents express their understanding and acceptance, and meanwhile, they also put forward some requests that the construction contractor should not construct at night, be careful of the security, transport vehicle take designated route and airtight trucks be used to clear the mud etc. (3) As to the farmland taken up by the project and the houses demolition, the masses express they should be compensated and settled according to the national regulations. (4) Most masses think that the construction of this project is positive to the regional environment which shows that the local residents grievously suffer from the water pollution and are dissatisfied with the current environmental situations. They strongly support the construction of this project because they think the pollution problem urgently needs to be solved.

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection 167 Liuzhou Environment Management Project - Wastewater Treatment Component

15. Environmental management and monitoring plan

Since the United Nations environment and development meeting, the environmental management issue has attracted the attention from various countries. It has already become a globle trend to strengthen the environmental management. Environmental management and monitoring plan can serve as a procedure for assessment on environment-related. The implementation of the plan is a effective measure for environment protection. What's more, it can help correct the error in the management.

15.1 Environmental management

15.1.1 Management structure

The management in construction and operation stages is very different. Separate managerial offices should be established for each stage. After the construction is completed, the managerial office for construction stage will expire and the managerial office for operation stage will start. Actually the managerial office for operation stage will start at a short time before the managerial office for construction stage expires. ( 1 ) Environmental management office for construction stage In order to guarantee effective and fair environmental management, the environmental management office should be independent from the construction contractor and has no interest relation with the project. Its employees should have adequate qualification and experience. It is suggested that the managerial office for Labao wastewater treatment plant is set up separately. Other Components will be under control of another managerial office. Table 15-1-1 is the management structure. TablelS-1-1 Structure of environmental management office for construction stage

Personnel Labao wastewater Other treatment plant Component Head (number of people) 1 1 Air pollution supervisor (number of people) 1 2 Noise supervisor (number of people) 1 2 Solid waste supervisor (number of people) 1 2 Hotline receptionist (number of people) 1 1 (2) Environmental management office for operation stage Environmental management during operation stage is a long-term and complicated work. Each Wastewater Treatment Plant should establish environment management department with 2 full time employees. Also, environmental monitoring department will be established with 6-8 employee.

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection 168 Liuzhou Environment Management Project - Wastewater Treatment Component

15.1.2 Duties of environmental management

15.1.2.1 Construction stage

The environmental management office should work out the detailed plans for management according to the construction plans. Then examine them per month and make some necessary amendment.

The head should make report to the project manager regularly, identify problems and propose the countermeasures.

The air pollution/noise/solid waste supervisors should inspect the implementation of the environmental protection measures according to the plans. Besides, they should be responsible for the monitoring management. They should submit inspection and monitoring result monthly to the head of managerial office.

The hotline receptionist is responsible to listen and record the complaint calls, and report them to the head. In addition, he/she should respond the complaints.

15.1.2.1 Operation stage

(1) Environmental management department Responsible to develop environmental protection procedures and supervise its implementation. The duty includes: a. Publicize, and observe the governmental policies and regulations for environment protection. Assisst the local environment protection authority. b. Follow environment protection regulations issued by the the superior. c. Regularly inspect and maintain the equipments in the Wastewater Treatment plant in order to ensure normal operation. Supervise the implementation of the environmental protection measures involved in the EA report. d. Manage the environmental monitoring during the operation period (consist of the abnormal operation period) and set up the monitoring files. e. Register the quantity and quality of wastewater from all enterprises that discharge wastewater. Supervise the operation of their wastewater pretreatment facilities. f. Investigate and handle the pollution accidents and complaints. g. Carry out the environment protection education, technical training and academic communications in order to enhance the personnel knowledge and employ the advanced techniques and experience.

(2) Monitoring station (O) Duty Monitoring station is responsible to develop the monitoring plans, collect, archive and report the data. The duties include: a. Carry out the environmental monitoring and prepare the monitoring report. b. Occasionally inspect the quantity and quality of wastewater discharged from major discharge source.

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection 169 Liuzhou Environment Management Project - Wastewater Treatment Component

c. Take part in the investigation on polluting accident. d. Maintenance, repair and calibration of monitoring equipments. (©) Configuration of monitoring equipments Below is the monitoring equipments for Wastewater Treatment Plant.

Table 15-1-1 Monitoring equipment for WastewaterTreatment Plant

Number Equipment Quantity I Atom absorption spectrophotometer 1 2 Electrical thermostatic water bath 3 3 Electrical thermostatic dryer 3 4 Electrical thermostatic incubator 2 5 BOD incubator 2 6 BOD meter 1 7 Spectrophotometer 2 8 Acidimeter 2 9 Dissolved oxygen meter 3 10 Moisture meter 2 11 Gas analyser 3 12 Precision scale 2 13 Physical scale 2 14 Microscope 1 15 Ion exchanger 2 16 Refrigerator 2 17 Electrical centrifuge I 18 Vacuum pump 2 19 Sterilizer I 20 Magnetic stirrer 2 21 Computer 1 22 COD meter 2 23 Gas chromatogram I 24 TOC meter I 25 Air sampler 2 26 Dust sampler 2 27 Sound level meter 2 28 Others Some

15.2Environmental management plan

15.2.1 Environmental management plan for feasibility study stage

The major environment protection task in feasibility study stage is the environmental impact assessment. In order to implement the environmental protection measures proposed in the environmental impact report and mitigate the potential adverse environmental impact, the environmental management plan is prepared with discussion with the EA organization, design institute and construction contractor.

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection 170 Liuzhou Environment Management Project - Wastewater Treatment Component

15.2.2 Environmental management plan for design stage

(1) Wastewater treatment plant (O) Choose the wastewater treatment technique with denitrification and dephosphorization and denitrogenation. And the effluent from the Wastewater Treatment Plant should meet primary standard B of "pollutant discharge standard for urban Wastewater Treatment Plant" (GBl8918-2002) . (Z The green space in the Wastewater Treatment Plant should be more than 30%.Big trees should be planted outside the WWTP in order to improve the landscape. (a) According to the environmental impact assessment, employ measures for the prevention of noise, oder, sludge. (!)Properly lay out the WWTP. Meanwhile, the dense-poplulated area such the office buildings etc. should not be arranged at downwind of the wastewater treatment facilities. (O)Specify the permanent land use. Properly use the land properly. Minimize the use of farmland. (©)The design institute must properly design the treatment of residual sludge. The construction contractor should carry out ultilization in sludge treatment, sending the sludge to the Lichngogou landfill. Besides, employ pollution control measures so as to diminish the environmental impact of the storage and disposal of sludge.

(2) Zhuexi Creek rehabilitation (o Design the necessary measures for the control of noise, odor, sludge and pollutant ) Landscaping. ( The design should emphasize landscaping, plant green plants along the Zhuexi River. Plant diverse plants to improve the coverage of green space and increase the biological diversity. ( Emphasize the flood discharge design. Build passages and bridges for the convenient traffic. (0) Carefully investigate the roads for the traffic of riverside residents. Design enough passages and bridges for the convenient traffoc. (d) River rehabilitation should match the surrounding environment. Minimize the house demolition and use of farmland. (O) The design institute must properly design the treatment of residual sludge. The construction contractor should carry out ultilization in sludge treatment, sending the sludge to the Lichngogou landfill. Besides, employ pollution control measures so as to diminish the environmental impact of the storage and disposal of sludge. ®)Take measures to avoid soild erosion.

15.2.3 Environment management plan for construction stage

During the construction stage, the contractors are responsible to environment protection. Item 19.1 of the contract ordinance of civil work assessment in FIDIC regulates: " In the whole process of construction, completion and amending the deffects, the contractor should take measures to protect the local and near environment, avoid the personal and property damage and minimize disturbance on residents from the pollution, noise and other impact." (1) Air pollution control

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection 171 Liuzhou Environment Management Project - Wastewater Treatment Component

(X) According to the construction plans, take the measures for dust pollutant control such as baffle, sprinkling, transporting waste earth, cleaning the trucks' wheels and covering trucks with canvas etc. And meanwhile, avoid loading and unloading the materials and demolishing houses in wind weather. (2Regularly inspect the construction sites and monitor the TSP of the sensitive site. If there is polltion problem, solve the problem in a limited time. (jPunishment should be made if disobey the construction procedure or don't solve the pollution problems.

(2) Water pollution control (D Forbid the discharge of untreated industrial and domestic wastewater. (9Strengthen the management at the construction site. Prevent the earth and construction materials etc. from entering into the nearby river. (I The Yanghe wastewater treatment plant should select a reasonable plan for the construction of river-acrossing pipe and WWTP discharge outlet and minimize the excavation at river.

(3) Noise control (o Take the advanced low-noise construction technology instead of the traditional high-noise construction technology. (9) Bulldozer, excavator, muller and loading and unloading vehicles should slow when entering or exiting the construction site. Strengthen the maintenance of the mechanical equipments and transportation trucks. Q)Reasonably arrange the construction schedule. Avoid the impact of high-noise machines on the surrounding residents. (A)Operate the equipment according to the procedures . Minimize the collision noise and the use of whistle. (f)If the constructions site is near the sensitive sites such as school, hospital and residential area etc., the temporary noise barrier (wall) should be set up if necessary. For the construction near the school, contractor should consult with the school in order to prevent the construction noise from disturbing teaching. ®)Regularly inspect the noise level at the sensitive sites. Take some treatment measures for the polluted sites.

(4) Protection on eco-system (DSome green space will be used for construction of pipings and pump stations. The green plants should be planted in other places. After backfill of the waste earth, vegetation must be planted so as to prevent the soil erosion. And when the construction is complete, the temporary used land must be reclaimed. For example, remove the temporary facilities, clean the ground, loosen the compacted soil, backfill the lowland, plant trees and minimize the soil erosion. (9)As to the temporary land use, the original surface soil should be stored aside, and after the construction, backfill original earth. There should be vegetation recovery plans during the storage of the sludge. Trees should be planted which can not only prevent the soil erosion, but also are beneficial for the trees and grass. In a word, it is good for the environment protection and riverbed sludge control.

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection 172 Liuzhou Environment Management Project - Wastewater Treatment Component

®)Strengthen the education for construction personnel, promote the appropriate construction and protect the wild animals and plants within the construction areas.

(5) Solid waste control (O) Construction refuse and waste earth should be disposed according to the relevant regulations of the local authority. The domestic garbage is collected by the Sanitation Department and then landfilled. OFence and channel should be built around the waste earth dump for water discharge. Avoid the overflow of the rainwater. (®)Dispose the construction refuse and waste earth. Reduce and the storage time at construction site.

(6) Guarantee on the social environment O According to the state and local policies about house demolition and residents resettlement, reasonably compensate and resettle the residents whose land is use and whose house is demolished, carefully listen to the migrations' opinions and guarantee that the emigrants' living and working conditions are no worse than the current situation and the housing areas is expanded. The new place should have public services such as school, hospital, nursery, shop and convenient traffic. © Construct the piping and river rehabilitation by segment. Do the excavation and backfill as soon as possible. If it is close to the public services such as hospital, school and stations etc, it is of great necessity to build the temporary pavement and set up traffic warning signal. In the rush hour, the traffic police should manage the traffic in order to guarantee transportation for construction. Materials transportation should not be arranged in the rush hour so as to reduce the traffic load. (a) Strengthen the education and training on historic site protection to the management and construction personnel. Once the historic objects and sites are found, immediately notify the local conservation department of historic objects and sites and protect the site. Don't construct until the historic objects and sites have been properly protected.

15.2.4 Environmental management plan for operation stage

Environmental management in the operation stage is aimed at the environmental management in each wastewater treatment plant. The plant mainly consists of the following aspects: Strengthen the control on the industrial pollution source within the service region. The key companies with the daily water discharge more than 500m3 must install the online monitoring instrument and carry out the occational inspection. Regulation for reporting of industrial pollutant discharge should be carried out.

(2) Normative operation management and procedures should be established in the Wastewater Treatment plant. Equipment should be well-maintained and electric power should be supplied in two circuits. If the untreated water discharged due to accident, factories within the service area should stop discharging wastewater and put on sign for warning so as to remind the relevant parties to take the preventive measures.

(3) Plant green plants outside WWTP and select the effective species for the absorption of odor. Regularly monitor the odor in the WWTP and at its surrounding sensitive sites. If pollution exists, take the necessary control measures.

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(4) Regularly visit the residents and listen to their opinions.

(5) Regularly monitor the noise in WWTP and at the surrounding sensitive sites. If pollution exists, find the reasons.

(6) Close the windows when the wastewater pump house is in operation in order to ensure the noise within the WWTP does not exceed the standard.

(7) Minimize the odor impact of the pumping station. Close the collection well and pump the wastewater into the municipal sewers and then transport to the Wastewater Treatment Plant. The dewatered debris should be transported in short time. Strengthen the plantation of green plants.

(8) Separately collect rain water and sewage within the service area of Yanghe Wastewater Treatment plant. Avoid the untreated wastewater from overflowing in strom weather.

15.2.5 Training for environmental protection

In order to ensure the smooth and effective implementation of the environmental management, the employees must be trained. Specific training will be given to different positions. Table 15-2-1 shows the training plan.

15.2.6 Information exchange

The environmental management demands the necessary exchange between the different sections and different posts in an organization. The organization also has to report the relevant information to the public.

The internal information exchange can be performed by means of meeting or briefing. But there must be one formal meeting monthly and all the information should be recorded and archived. The external information exchange should be carried out once per half year or one year and the exchange with the cooperation parties should be recorded and archived.

15.2.7 Record

For the effective execution of the environmental management system, the organization must set up a recording system. The following information should be recorded: (1) Requirement of laws and regulations; (2) Approvals; (3) Environmental factors and relevant environmental impact; (4) Training; (5) Activities of inspection and maintenance; (6) Monitoring data; (7) Incomformity;

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection 174 Liuzhou Environment Management Project - Wastewater Treatment Component

(8) Correction and preventive measures; (9) Information of relevant parties; (10) Auditing; (1 1) Appraisal. In addition, these records need proper management, consisting marking, collection, catalogue, archiving, storage, management, maintenance, enquiry, expiry and disposal etc.

15.3 Environmental monitoring plan

Table 15-3-1 is the environmental monitoring plan.

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Table 15-2-1 Environmental protection training

Expenditure Component Stage Personnel Number of people Total Time (ten thousand yuan) Environmental management personnel in liuzhou urban investment construction Project management I person 1 2.0 and development co., ltd.

Construction Environmental management personnel Zhuexi Creek management 2 2 2004 2.0 ZhuexiCreek ~~~~~~~~~~~~persons Zhuexil Creek Environmental monitoring and Contractor and urban investment 2.0 rehabilitation management engineer company I person respectively

Emergency personnel I person I 1.0 Operation Environmental management personnel Zhuexi Creek management person 1.0 Total 7 8.0 Construction Environmental management personnel in Project management and liuzhou urban investment construction environmental management 4 8 10.0 and development co., ltd. persons respectively 2004 Environmental monitoring and Contractor and urban investment 2 2.0 management engineer company I person respectively Operation Baisha wastewater treatment 5 15.0 Wastewater plant 5 persons After treatment plant Environmental management personnel in Longquanshan wastewater 3 completion of 9.0 wastewater treatment plant and ESD treatment plant 3 persons wastewater personnel Yanghe wastewater treatment 5 treatment 15.0 plant 5 persons plants Labao wastewater treatment plant 15.0 5 persons

______T otal ______18 ______66 .0 Total Total 25 _74.0

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Table 15-3-1 Environmental supervisoin plans

Stage Supervision organization Supervision items Supervision purpose SEPA Municipal government 1. Ensure a complete EA, properly arrange the content Municipal l.audit the EA outline and highlight the emphases Design stage MWBA 2. audit the environmental impact report 2. Include the important and potential problems. Liuzhou Government 3. audit EMP 3. Include a detailed and feasible plan for the measures Liuzhou EPA for matigating the environmental impact

I .Audit the elementary design of environmental protection and EMP I. Simultaneously design, construct and operate 2. Inspect the reclaimation of the temporary land use and recovery of pollution control facilities vegetation and environment. ~~~~~2.Ensure the temporary land use meet the requirement SEPA vegetation and environment. o nioretlpoeto Municipalgovrnmnt 3. Inspect the measures for dust and noise control and decide the construction of environmental protection Municipal government schedule. 3. Diminish the impact of the construction on the MEPA shdl.surrounding environment and follow the relevant the Construction stage MEPo 4.1nspect emission of the air pollutant Liuzhou Government 5.Inspect the treatment and discharge of the domestic wastewater and laws and regulations of environmental protection. Liuzhou EPA oInta t n r wastewaterh i 4.Prevent the river from being polluted Liuzhou CRA ose wastewath 5.Prevent landscape and land resources from being 6.Dispose waste earth destroyed and avoid soil erosion. 7.Disposeriverbed sludge 6Poel ips lde 8.1Inspectwhether there is underground historic object and site 6.Properly dispose sludge. ______~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~7.Protect historic object and site Municipal Construction Inspect the implementation of EPA in construction period Department 2.Inspect the implementation of monitoring plans 1.Carry our EMA Liuzhou Construction 3.1nspect the sensitive sites which need the further environmental protection 2. Carry out the monitoring plans Operationstage Committee measures (for potential environmental problems) 3.PTotct the environent Liuzhou EPA 4.Inspect whether the environment quality of sensitive sites meets the relevant 4.Strengthen the environmental management and Liuzhou Police and Fire standard protect the citizens' health Control Division 5.strengthen the monitoring, avoid the accident, design the countermeasures 5.Meet the wastewater discharge standard for emergency

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15.4 Environmental monitoring plans

15.4.1 Monitoring purpose

Environmental monitoring will be carried out in two stages - construction stage and operation stage. The purpose of monitoring is to obtain pollution information and the local environment quality, and report the information to relevant authority. The monitoring is a basis for environmental management.

15.4.2 Monitoring implementation

According to the prediction of environmental impact, the environmentally sensitive site will be selected for monitoring. And based on the polluting situations during the construction and operation stages, monitoring involves sound environment, air environment and surface water environment. The monitoring items are selected according to the pollution factor in the project analysis. The monitoring analytical methods follow "Environmental Monitoring Technical Criterion" issued by SEPA. The environment assessment standard follows the national standard.

(1)The environmental monitoring plans during construction stage and operation stage According to the characteristics of project and environment, monitoring items during construction stage and operation stage are showed in Table 15-4-1.

(2)The environmental quality monitoring The environmental quality monitoring tasks can be handed over to the local environmental monitoring station. The monitoring includes the Liujiang River downstream of effluent outlet of Wastewater Treatment plant (2-3 monitoring cross-sections, once a month, normal monitoring items), noise around the Wastewater Treatment plant and Wastewater Pump station, groundwater quality in the landfill and odor pollution outside WWTP.

15.4.3 Monitoring equipment and cost

The monitoring equipments belong to the monitoring station. Owners of Component should pay for monitoring. Table 15-4-2 shows the monitoring cost for each Component.

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Table 154-1 Environmental monitoring plan

Monitoring responsible supervisory Component Stage Element Monitoring site Monitoring item Monitoring frequency . . .e. organization organization organization

Ambient residential area near the One period every two months; 2 Odor, TSP air construction sites days per period; 2 times per day Construction Noise boundary of the construction Leq Occationally, once every day and stage sites night South Branch and North of once per year Sediment As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Cr, organic matter Zhuexi Creek Riverside of the South Branch One period per season; 2 days per Ambient air and North Branch of Zhuexi NH3, H2 S period; 4 times per day Liuzhou Riverway Creek Environmental management EPA, of Liuzhou Zhuexi Creek South Branch and North Branch CODMn, BOD5 , NH3-N, total nitrogen, One period per month; 3 days per Monitoring office rehabilitation Surface of Zhuexi Creek total phosphorus, oil period; 2 times per day Station Zhuexi

Operation water PH, SS, CODc, oil, BOD5 , NH3-N, once per season catch pit of pumping station stage TP. wastewater quantity One period per season; 2 days per Noise Leq period; 4 times per day; once station every day and night South Branch and North Branch once per year Sediment . As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Cr, organic matter of Zhuexi Creek

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Table 15-4-1(continued) Environmental monitoring plan l ~ ~~~~Monitoring Monitoring responsible supervisory Component Element Monitoring site Monitoring item Monitoring frequency Morniztion rornsizt organizon period organizabon orgamzation organzation residential area near the One period every two months; Ambient air construction site, sides of TSP 2 days per period; 2 times per Construction the construction road day boundary of the Occationally, Noise construction sites Leq once every day and night

Plant boundary One period per month; 2 days Ambient air NH3 > H2 S per period; 4 times per day

500m upstream of the One period in April, July and

outlet, discharge outlets; CODMn BOD5 , NH3 -N, total December each Environmental

Wastewater 500m downstream of the phosphorus, oil 2 days per penod Liuzhou Protection treatment Division of the project.Surface water the outlets project Surface water of the major To be determined according to the Occationally, ( no less than monitoring wastewater Liuzhou Operation enterprises characterisfic of the wastewater once a month) stabon treatment plant period the inlets of the wastewater plant

the outlets of the PH, SS, CODc, oil BOD5 , NH 3-N, automatic online monitoring at wastewater plant TP, wastewater quantity the outlets Boundary of plant or One period per season; 2 days Noise pump station Leq per period; 4 times per day; once every day and night

Sediment As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Cr, organic matter Once a year

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Table 154-2 Monitoring cost estimate

unit: ten thousand yuan

Component Monitoring cost during Monitoring cost during Reserve for emergency situation construction operation Zhuexi Creek rehabilitation 10 20 5 Baisha wastewater treatment 20 40 5 plant Longquanshan wastewater 10 20 5 treatment plant Yanghe wastewater 20 40 5 treatment plant Labao wastewater treatment 10 20 5 plant Tota 70 140 25

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16. Conclusions and Suggestion

16.1 Conclusion

(1) Significance of the project The Liuzhou Environment Management Project-Wastewater Treatment Component is a project that combines municipal construction with the management of water environment. The implementation of the project will play an important role in strengthening construction of municipal infrastructures, improvement of water quality in Liujiang River at Liujiang city which is major source for drinking water, safeguarding water supply, ensuring compliance of water quality at Maoershan Reach of Liujiang River and improvement of urban sanitation. It will further provide a solid base for Liuzhou in ensuring sustainable social and economic development.

(2) The project accords with Liuzhou urban planning The project fits well with the urban planning, wastewater planning and environmental protection planning in Liuzhou. After the project is implemented, the total reduction of CODcr Load to surface water will reach 44639.5t/a. This has important practical value to the implementation of Plan for Total Amount Control of Pollutant in Liuzhou and achieving the objectives specified in the "Tenth Five-year Plan for Environmental Protection in Liuzhou. Wastewater treatment plants to be set up are far away from the urban area. Locations of treatment plants are carefully chosen to enable convenience in wastewater discharge and feasibility in terms of technical and economic concerns.

(3) Location selection of the project Areas selected for wastewater treatment site are at current either vegetable fields and wasteland or have already been planned for construction of wastewater treatment plants. Sites chosen are located at the end of the wastewater pipelines so that wastewater can directly enter treatment facilities, which has helped to save cost and improve cost-effectiveness. All WWTP to be set up are located in the lower reaches of the source for urban drinking water so as to ensure that safety of drinking water is not affected by emergency discharges. Selection of site location fits well in the urban master planning.

(4) Feasibility analysis of the process The wastewater interception method and sludge treatment technique is rational. The wastewater treatment technology is capable for removal of nitrogen and phosphorus. Advanced technique is applied in sludge disposal which has effectively alleviated the environmental impacts of sludge. Pollution of odor and noise are given full consideration in designing the layout, where percentage of green space reaches 30%. The process design, energy conservation, and equipment selection all embody the concept of clean production.

(5) Environmental impact acceptability The wastewater treatment component in Liuzhou area serving as one major measure for improvement of urban environmental quality will play an important role in urban environmental management and improvement of water quality in Liujiang River. However, the effluent, odor, noise and sludge of the project will bring negative impacts on the surrounding environment quality, as well as the wastewater,

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection 182 Liuzhou Environment Management Project - Wastewater Treatment Component waste gas, noise and solid waste during the construction does. Enhanced management and relevant environmental protection measures would be taken in the project to eliminate or alleviate the negative impacts to an acceptable extent.

16.2 Conclusion of separate assessment

16.2.1 Current environment quality assessment

(1) Air environment

The concentrations of H2S and NH3 around Component site are lower than the detection limit. The odor concentration beside Zhuexi Creek is Class III and easy to be smelt. In other monitoring points,

the odor levels are lower. The pollution index of SO2, NO2 and TSP in all monitoring points are lower than 1. The ambient air quality is good.

(2) Sound environment In the north of the reserved land of the Longquanshan Wastewater treatment Plane (Phase II), the noise exceeds the standard. This is mainly caused by the construction of WWTP Phase I. The existing monitoring values of the acoustic environment of the Baisha, Yanghe and Labao Wastewater Treatment Plant can meet the relevant standard. The sound environment status is good.

(3) Water environment Affected by ZhueXi Creek, Guangya trunk canal, Liubei trunk canal (Huilonggou), Liushi trunk canal, there are obvious pollution area at the riverbank near all discharge outlets. The major pollution factor is nitrogen and ammonia. Similarly, the situation of pollution also exists in Jiuqu River, Maohe River during low water season under the affection of industrial wastewater and domestic wastewater of Labao County. The major pollutants are nitrogen and ammonia. All monitoring items at Zhuexi Creek greatly exceed the standard limit affected by the industrial wastewater and domestic wastewater.

(4) Sediment It can be seen from the monitoring results that the heavy metal content in the sediment of Zhuexi Creek, Jiuqu River and Longquanshan far exceeds the sediment standard for agricultural use and cannot be used as farming manure. According to the monitoring result of heavy metal contents in the sludge elutriant, we can find the heavy metal contents in the sludge filtrate are lower than the allowable concentration limit specified in "Standard for Hazardous Waste Identification(GB5085.1-1996). So the sedimentis classified as normal solid waste and can be sent to landfill for landfill disposal.

16.2.2 Conclusions of environmental impact assessment

16.2.2.1 Water environment

(1) Reducing the CODcr pollution load.

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection 183 Liuzhou Environment Management Project - Wastewater Treatment Component

According to the population growth planning, industrial growth rate and drainage planning of Liuzhou, it is predicted that the discharge amount of CODcr in domestic wastewater and industrial wastewater will be about 60351 t/a in Liuzhou in 2010. After this project is completed, the urban wastewater treatment capacity of Liuzhou will reach to 500,000m3/d (including the Phase I of Longquanshan WWTP), and the amount of CODcr will be reduced by 44639.5t/a, accounting for 74% of the total amount of the CODcr discharged in Liuzhou in 2010. This has important practical significance to the implementation of Plan for Total Amount Control of Pollutant and the facilitation of local economic development.

(2) Zhuexi Creek Rehabilitation Component Under the condition that the water quality at beginning cross-section comply with the standard, over 80 thousand tons per day of wastewater from more than 10 outlets will be intercepted in South Branch. The quantity of COD, BOD5 , NH3 -N and TP discharged into creek will be reduced by 16.72, 5.78, 1.35 and 0.14 tons per day respectively. The water quality in south branch can meet the Class III of Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard (GB3838-2002).

Under the condition that the water quality at beginning cross-section comply with the standard, over 35 thousand tons per day of wastewater from about 10 outlets will be intercepted in North Branch. The quantity of COD, BOD5, NH3-N and TP discharged into creek will be reduced by 5.64, 2.16, 0.52 and 0.05 tons per day respectively. The water quality in north branch can meet the Class III of Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard (GB3838-2002).

(3) Environmental improvement at Jiuqu River. The construction of s Labao wastewater treatment plant will greatly improve the water quality of about 10 kilometers reach of Jiuquhe River, Maohe River and Xiangshuihe River.

(4) Wastewater treatment plant [jEnvironmental improvement After wastewater treatment component is completed, all polluted zones in the class I protection zone of the drinking water source of Liuzhou will disappear. The water quality of intake of the Liunan water plant and Liudong water plant can reach the Class L]of "environment quality standard of surface water " (GB3838-2002).

In the 5.9Km long reach from 200 meters downriver of the intake to the Huilonggou (Liubei trunk canal) convergence, all wastewater outlets are closed. The water quality at intakes of the Liunan water works and Liudong water works can reach the Class n- of "environment quality standard of surface water " (GB3838-2002).

In the 34.3Km long reach from Huilonggou convergence to Liushi trunk canal convergence, more than 20 wastewater outlets are intercepted. This will greatly improve the water quality of Liujiang River and improve the environment of the sediment area of 50,000m2 at the same time.

The wastewater of Jinglan trunk canal will be intercepted into Yanghe Wastewater Treatment Plant and discharged. The water quality of the original receiving water body will be improved. The pollution

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection 184 Liuzhou Environment Management Project - Wastewater Treatment Component area caused by the wastewater discharged by the Liushi trunk canal (the effluent outlets of Longquanshan Wastewater Treatment Plant) will be reduced.

(5)The impact of WWTP effluent on the Liujing River water quality In case of normal operation of wastewater treatment plants, the width of the contaminated zone is generally 10% of the flowrate of the whole section. The polluted zone is within mixing zone and transition zone. If four wastewater treatment plants all operate abnormally, the contaminated zone at the downriver of the Liushi trunk canal outlet will be very serious. The contaminated zone will exceed the mixing zone and transition zone and cause serious impact on water body. This situation is equivalent to not building wastewater treatment plant. Therefore, Wastewater Treatment of the Liuzhou Environment Management Project is imperative.

16.2.2.2 Air environment

There are sensitive sites such as residential area around Baisha, Longquanshan and Labao Wastewater Treatment Plant. Though the distance from the odor-producing facilities to the sensitive sites can't meet the requirement of the predicted protection distance of the Wastewater Treatment Plants, it can meet the requirement for "Urban wastewater treatment project construction criterion "(odor-producing facilities should lie in the leeward of summer leading wind direction. It should be far away from the residential region outside the WWTP, and accord with the relevant regulations of the country. When it cannot meet the requirement, the distance from the odor-producing facilities to the residential area should not be smaller than 50-100 meters). In order to improve the environment, reduce pollution and protect citizens' health, the green plants zone should be built outside the WWTP to prevent the pollution from diffusion.

16.2.2.3 Sound environment

The noise at the boundary of each plant complies with relevant standard in the "Plant Boundary Noise Standards of Industrial Enterprises"(GB12348-90). According the superposition result, the equipments in the Wastewater Treatment Plant cause little increase of noise level at the plant boundary. Therefore, the equipment noise generated during WWTP operation has little impact on the surroundings.

16.2.2.4 Solid waste

4 3 The maximum amount of sludge generated in the operation of the treatment plants is 10.3 X 10 m /a, 3 the debris and sludge is 1.6 X 104m /a and the domestic waste is 103.3t/a. The solid waste generated from Wastewater Treatment Plants is sent to Lichougou Landfill for landfilling. Lichonggou Landfill has advanced anti seepage facilities and wastewater treatment station with the daily capacity of 600 tons. All solid waste generated in this project can be disposed.

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection 185 Liuzhou Environment Management Project - Wastewater Treatment Component

16.2.3 Environmental protection measures

The environmental protection measures in the project involve both the construction stage and operation stage, including alleviation measures for water environment impacts, measures for ecological conservation, measures for the water environment protection, measure for the atmospheric environment protection, measures for noise control and measures for soil protection.

Environmental protection is well considered in the selection of the site locations and piping arrangement. Environmental protection concept is incorporated in the overall design.

16.2.4 Environmental benefit analysis

After the implementation of the Wastewater Treatment Component, the total reduction of the CODcr Load in surface water will reach 44639.5t/a. This is of great practical value in implementing the total pollutant discharge plan in Liuzhou city and the facilitating the local economic and social development. The existing pollution in urban reach of Liujia River and Jiuquhe River shall be primarily controlled and the water quality can reach the requirement for surface water function.

16.2.5 Conclusions of public consultation

The most public think that the existing mainstream and branches of Liujiang River are in the great need of improvement. The project has won wide public recognition in its necessity, urgency and importance, and strong public support.

Project constructions have been of common concern of nearby residents. People have different concems due to different interests. Good solutions and alleviating measures for major public consideration have been proposed in the report.

In a word , the Liuzhou Environment Management Project-Wastewater Treatment Component accords with the general planning of Liuzhou. The site selection of every Component and process flow are rational. The project has remarkable social , economic and environmental benefits. Adverse environmental impact may be caused during the construction and operation of the project, but it can be acceptable through taking the corresponding environmental measures. From the point of view of environmental protection, the project is feasible.

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection 186 Liuzhou Environment Management Project - Wastewater Treatment Component

17. Appendix

Appendix L: The trust deed for assessment

Appendix Fl: A letter for receiving sludge from Wastewater Treatment Plant.

Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection 187

4 4 A.

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