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Home , American Civil War, Ostend Manifesto, Texas annexation

IMPACT OF CIVIL ON By: Andrew Conticelli Period 6 LATIN AMERICA - Latin American Relations

• First the U.S.A wanted to protect and expand its economic and strategic interests in the region. • Inter America relations were expressed in universal, humanitarian terms, nonetheless the U.S. incorporated its distinct political, economic, and strategic interests. • U.S. leaders justified U.S. policy, by showing the region as helpless and in need of American guidance. • Reasons- save the people from the ravages of barbarism, and promote the creation of democratic republics based on American logic. START OF MEXICAN AMERICAN WAR

• VIDEO CLIP- HTTP://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH? LIST=PL4FB761427E3E310F&FEATURE=PLAYER_DETAILPAGE&V=6SP-NEZ7I1O EVENTS LEADING UP TO THE

• ANNEXATION • MEXICAN AMERICAN WAR • • • FUGITIVE SLAVE ACT OF 1850 • -In the United States in the 19th , Manifest Destiny was the widely held that American settlers were destined to expand across the continent. -This idea was used to justify getting into and acquiring territories.

• In 1825 President allowed the U.S. minister to , to negotiate the purchase of Texas. • 1830’s U.S. settlers came into Texas and found discontent with Mexican authorities. • 1836 settlers rebelled and defeated Mexico in a short war. • Texas remained an independent nation because of the on the extension of . • Eventually Texas was annexed into the U.S. in 1845. Mexican- American War 1846-1848

• “The Invasion of Mexico” An armed conflict between the United States and Mexico. • Mexico did not want to give up Texas or cede any more land to America. • President Polk from America sought war to tract the lands north of the river. • were intrigued by the idea of “Manifest Destiny and supported the war. • Whigs in the North opposed the war in fear of the rise of a “ ”

-The territories Mexico gave up to the U.S. in 1848 in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo which ended the Mexican-American War (1846 – 1848). -, , , most of , half of , about a quarter of , less than half of the southwest of Wyoming.

How did the Mexican American War effect Mexico politically?

• On , 1845, President Polk authorized his secret representative to pay $25 to $30 million in exchange for the Rio Grande border in Texas and Mexico’s provinces of and Santa Fe de Nuevo México. • Mexico was not able to decline or negotiate. In 1846, the Presidency changed hands four times, the war ministry six times, and the finance ministry sixteen times. • Mexican opinion and most political groups agreed that selling territories to the United States would destroy the national honor. Joaquín de Herrera and others who opposed direct conflict with the United States, were looked down on as traitors. WILMOT PROVISO

• The Wilmot Proviso introduced by a congressman named , would have banned slavery in any territory to be acquired from Mexico in the Mexican war or in the future, including the area later known as the Mexican Cession. • Effort by the North to prevent slavery from spreading to newly acquired territories. • Passed by the House in 1846, but the Senate opposed the bill. • Passed again by the House in 1847, but once again the Senate was strongly against the bill. • The opposition of the bill by John C. Calhoun of , was a big reason why the Wilmot Proviso never passed. -The OSTENDOstend Manifesto wasMANIFESTO an attempt by the United States to purchase Cuba from Spain and if there was resistance war would be necessary. -The Southerners wanted the island to become a possible new slave state. -In October of 1854, three , the Minister to Spain Pierre Soulé met with the Minister to Great Britain and Minister to France John Y. Mason at Ostend, . These gentlemen composed a document on Cuba and called it the Ostend Manifesto, claiming the island belonged "naturally to the great family of the states...".

-The Ostend Manifesto caused embarrassment to President 's administration, after it became public. Spanish did not support slavery and wanted the sugar-cane industry to keep float because it was highly profitable. Many citizens in the North were angered that the South was willing to start a war with Spain to extend more slave holding states.

FUGITIVE SLAVE ACT OF 1850

• The fugitive slave law or fugitive slave act was passed by the United States on , 1850, as part of the compromise of 1850 between southern slave-holding interests and Northern free-soldiers • This act was very controversial because it increased the Northern fears of a "slave power conspiracy". • It declared that all runaway slaves were, upon capture, to be returned to their masters. • Free slaves returned- $5, Unfree slaves- $10 COMPROMISE OF 1850 • The Compromise of 1850 was a package of five bills passed in the U.S. in September, which defused a four-year confrontation between the slave states of the south and the free states of the north regarding the status of territories acquired during the Mexican-American War. • The compromise, drafted by Whig Senator of and brokered by Clay and democrat Stephen Douglas, avoided or civil war and reduced sectional conflict for four years. • California is admitted undivided as a free state, denying southern expansion to the • Texas trades some territorial claims for debt relief • New Mexico and Deseret are denied statehood and become and Utah territory with slavery left to popular . North Gets South Gets California admitted as a free state No slavery restrictions in Utah or New Mexico territories Slave trade prohibited in D.C. Slaveholding permitted in Washington D.C. Texas loses boundary dispute with New Mexico Texas gets $10 million Fugitive Slave Law THE END OF THE CIVIL WAR

• The came to an end with a victory for the Union on , 1865. Over the next couple months, the Confederate forces surrendered in different parts of the country. • Soon after the war, President being the commander in Chief of the Army and issued the Emancipation Proclamation which declared the of all slaves in the Confederate states of America. • It took over 100 years for blacks to have the same equal rights as . Three amendments to the U.S. Constitution helped blacks have the same opportunities as whites and have the same right to vote. • The South was in debt much more than the South because of the decision to print more money when the industry failed. PRIMARY SOURCE DOCUMENT • Origin- This primary source document is a picture of the of Buena Vista which was fought at Puerto de la Angostura, on -23, 1847. The battle was between Mexico and the United States. • Purpose- The purpose of this primary source document is to show the horrific warfare that went on during the Mexican-American War. The artist wanted to portray the as being enormous and the United State’s Army equal in size. • Value- The value of the primary source document is that I believe it is a good representation of how the happened during the Mexican-American War. Also, how the Americans had superior compared to the Mexicans. • Limit- I believe the artist is a little bias by showing the American Army as more superior than the Mexican Army. For example, there are more dead bodies on the ground from the Mexican side than the American side. The picture may not show enough of how the Americans had a huge advantage with technology and strategy. Also, how the Mexicans were at a disadvantage but instead the picture depicts both sides of the battle as being equal. BIBLIOGRAPHY

• "The U.S.-Mexican war (1846-1848)." The U.S.-Mexican war (1846-1848). N.P., N.D. Web. 07 Nov. 2013.

• "The U.S.-Mexican war (1846-1848)." The U.S.-Mexican war (1846-1848). 07 Nov. 2013 .

• Berliner Yvonne, Leppard Tom, Mamaux Alexis, Rogers. D Mark, Smith David, 2011. of the . PRINT.

• Keen, Benjamin, Mark Wasserman, and Benjamin Keen. A History Of Latin America. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1988. PRINT.

• Stanchak, John e. Civil War. : Dorling Kindersley Pub., 2000. PRINT.

• "The American Civil War Home Page." The American Civil War Home Page. N.P., N.D. Web. 07 Nov. 2013.