Phase 1A Cultural Resource Survey

Inner Loop East Reconstruction Project City of Rochester, Monroe County

by

Nathan Montague, M.A.

Douglas J. Perrelli, Ph.D., RPA Principal Investigator

Reports of the Archaeological Survey, Volume 45, Number 3 Department of Anthropology, State University of New York at Buffalo

February 2013

Prepared for:

Stantec Consulting Services Inc 61 Commercial Street Rochester, NY 14614

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MANAGEMENT SUMMARY

Project Name: Inner Loop East Reconstruction Project

Phase of Survey: Phase 1A Cultural Resource Survey

Location Information: Location: City of Rochester Minor Civil Division: 05540 County: Monroe County, New York

Survey Area: The project area examined by this study is located along the Inner Loop from I-490 (East of ) to East Main Street. The project area encompasses 11 ha (27 ac).

USGS 7.5 Minute Quadrangle: 1971 Rochester East, N.Y.

Sensitivity Assessments:

Precontact: An analysis of the distribution of previously recorded sites along with other background research data suggests that the project area has a high sensitivity for precontact archaeological sites. Sites have been found in the vicinity of the project area and along the Genesee River, which lies close to the west end of the project area. Site types expected to occur include villages, short-term camps, lithic scatters, and artifact find spots. Sensitivity may be degraded by modern land use including recent utility installations, commercial and residential development, parking lot and sidewalk construction, highway construction, and landscaping. Historic land use patterns indicate that most of the project area has been impacted by development. However, relatively undisturbed precontact deposits may remain in the project area, especially around the perimeter of the project area. Similar deposits could be found buried below fill levels.

Historic: The distribution of previously recorded historic sites near the project area, along with other background research data, suggests that the project area has a high historic sensitivity. Historic land use patterns indicate that development, starting in the early to mid-nineteenth century, impacted much of the project area. Undocumented historic sites dating to the first half of the nineteenth century might be situated within the project limits. Deeply buried deposits may include evidence from the basements of former buildings, as well as refuse pits, middens, and other special purpose agricultural and commercial structures and features.

Recommendations:

In terms of potential subsurface deposits, based on the sensitivity estimates and degrees of prior disturbance in the project area, limited Phase 1B fieldwork is feasible. Phase 1B testing in the form of transects and grids of hand- dug subsurface shovel pits at 7.5 m (25 ft) intervals is recommended for those parts of the project area covered by soil, grass and other penetrable surfaces. Construction monitoring is recommended for impervious areas where Phase 1B testing is not feasible, to assure that any deeply buried sites that might be present are identified within actual impact areas.

Report Authors: Nathan Montague, M.A., Archaeological Survey, State University of New York at Buffalo, Department of Anthropology

Date of Report: February 2013

Prepared for: Stantec Consulting Services Inc 61 Commercial Street Rochester, NY 14614 ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Management Summary i

Introduction 1

Project Description 1 Project Location 1 Environmental Setting 10 Precontact Context 12 Historic Context 13

Recommendations 16

Appendix A References and Interviews 30 Appendix B Correspondence 32

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. Summary of Recorded Archaeological Sites within a 1.6 km (1 mi) Radius of the Project Area. 11

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. General location of the Project Area in State. 2 Figure 2. Location of the Project Area on the 1971 USGS Rochester East, N.Y. 7.5 Minute Quadrangle. 2 Figure 3. Recent aerial photograph of the Project Area. 3 Figure 4. 1820 A map of the Village of Rochester (Fenn 1820). 17 Figure 5. 1822 County of Monroe (Bugbee 1822). 17 Figure 6. 1832 Gill Valentine Map of Rochester (Gill et al. 1832). 18 Figure 7. 1858 Gillette’s Map of Monroe Co., New York (Browne et al. 1858). 19 Figure 8. 1875 City Atlas of Rochester, New York (Hopkins 1875). 20 Figure 9. 1875 City Atlas of Rochester, New York (Hopkins 1875). 20 Figure 10. 1875 City Atlas of Rochester, New York (Hopkins 1875). 21 Figure 11. 1888 Robinson’s Atlas of the City of Rochester, Monroe County, New York (Robinson 1888). 22 Figure 12. 1888 Robinson’s Atlas of the City of Rochester, Monroe County, New York (Robinson 1888). 23 Figure 13. 1900 Plat Book of the City of Rochester, New York (Lathrop 1900). 24 Figure 14. 1900 Plat Book of the City of Rochester, New York (Lathrop 1900). 25 Figure 15. 1918 Plat Book of the City of Rochester, New York (Hopkins 1918). 26 Figure 16. 1918 Plat Book of the City of Rochester, New York (Hopkins 1918). 27 Figure 17. 1935 Plat Book of the City of Rochester, New York (Hopkins 1935). 28 Figure 18. 1935 Plat Book of the City of Rochester, New York (Hopkins 1935). 29 Figure 19. Project Area Map. 39 Figure 20. Project Area Archaeological Potential Map. 47

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LIST OF PHOTOGRAPHS

Photo 1. View of the southwestern end of the Project Area, facing west. 4 Photo 2. View of the Project Area, facing west. 4 Photo 3. View of the Project Area from just east of Monroe Avenue, facing northeast. 5 Photo 4. View of the Project Area between Buena Place and Lafayette Park, facing northeast. 5 Photo 5. View of the Project Area near Gardiner Park, facing north. 6 Photo 6. View of the Project Area at Gardiner Park, facing south. 6 Photo 7. View of the Project Area just south of East Avenue, facing northeast. 7 Photo 8. View of the Project Area just souoth of East Avenue, facing south. 7 Photo 9. View of the Project Area from just north of East Avenue, facing northwest. 8 Photo 10. View of the Project Area near the north end, facing southwest. 8 Photo 11. View of the Project Area near the north end, facing south. 9 Photo 12. View of the Project Area near the north end, facing northwest. 9

INTRODUCTION

In February 2013, the Archaeological Survey, State University of New York (SUNY) Buffalo conducted a Phase 1A Cultural Resource Survey, consisting of background research, historic map analysis and context development for the Inner Loop East Reconstruction Project. This report presents the results of the investigation. The goals of this study are to identify and describe all previously identified archaeological sites within the project limits, to assess precontact and historic site potential, and to make recommendations for archaeological reconnaissance and mitigation where impacts are anticipated. All aspects of this study are performed in accordance with New York Archaeological Council specifications (NYAC 2004) and New State Education Department’s (SED) Work Scope Specifications for Cultural Resource Investigations (2004).

Project Description

Project plans call for the transformation of a portion of the Inner Loop highway system to a community-scale urban boulevard. The section of highway impacted extends from I-490 (East of Genesee River) to East Main Street (Figures 2, 3). The project area encompasses approximately 11 ha (27 ac). Proposed impacts to the project area include demolition and construction of utilities, landscaping, parking lots, vacant lots, and roads throughout the project area. The work scope and limits of the project area were defined in consultation with Stantec Consulting Services Inc., 61 Commercial Street, Rochester, NY 14614.

Project Location

The project area is located near the Genesee River in the central part of the City of Rochester (MCD 05540), Monroe County, New York. The project centers on the right-of-way for the Inner Loop and Union Street, from I- 490, just east of the Genesee River, to approximately 152 m (500 ft) north of East Main Street. The project includes approximately 457 m (1,500 ft) of right-of-way for the north-bound lane of I-490, approximately 366 m (1,200 ft) of right-of-way for Clinton Street, and includes a triangle-shaped parcel of land in between Clinton, I-490, and the Inner Loop. Figure 2 shows its location on the 1971 Rochester East, N.Y. 7.5 Minute USGS Quadrangle. Figure 3 depicts the project area on a recent aerial photo.

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Figure 1. General Location of the Project Area in Western New York State.

Figure 2. Location of the Project Area on the 1971 USGS Rochester East, N.Y. 7.5 Minute Series Quadrangle. The project area is outlined in yellow. 3

Figure 3. Recent aerial view of the Project Area, outlined in yellow. 4

Photo 1. View of the southwestern end of the Project Area, facing west. Clinton Avenue crosses the project area in the foreground and the Genesee River lies in the background. The 1950s construction of the Inner Loop resulted in the demolition of numerous buildings and the elimination or realignment of a number of streets in the project area. Several tall pre-1964 buildings lie in the viewshed in the right background.

Photo 2. View of the Project Area, facing west. The Inner Loop descends below grade at major intersections like Monroe Avenue. Most of buildings in this view are less than 50 years old. 5

Photo 3. View of the Project Area from just east of Monroe Avenue, facing northeast. A number of pre-1964 buildings lie adjacent to and in the viewshed of the project area, especially along Union Street, in the background.

Photo 4. View of the Project Area between Buena Place and Lafayette Park, facing north. Most of the buildings in the viewshed to the left are post-1963 while many of the buildings along Union Street to the right are pre-1964. The east side of Union Street was not disturbed by the construction of the Inner Loop. 6

Photo 5. View of the Project Area near Gardiner Park, facing north. The highway descends below grade south of the East Broad Street bridge and rises to grade after the East Avenue bridge. Pitkin Street parallels the highway on the left and Union Street parallels the highway on the right. Hundreds of 19th century buildings and several street alignments were eliminated from this area in the 1950s.

Photo 6. View of the Project Area at Gardiner Park, facing south. Most of the project area consists of impervious structures, including paved parking lots, concrete sidewalks, and paved elements of the highway system. 7

Photo 7. View of the Project Area just south of East Avenue, facing northeast. A number of pre-1964 buildings are adjacent to the project area along Pitkin Street between East Avenue and Charlotte Street, to the left.

Photo 8. View of the Project Area from just north of the East Broad Street bridge, facing south. Small pockets of pre-1964 buildings are located in the project area, especially along Union Street, to the left. Two very large precontact archaeological sites are reported in this area (NYSM 7117 and NYSM 7118). 8

Photo 9. View of the Project Area from just north of East Avenue, facing northwest. The Inner Loop ascends to grade just before the East Main Street bridge, in the background.

Photo 10. View of the Project Area near the north end, facing southwest. Charlotte Street lies to the left and far right, bisected by the Inner Loop highway.

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Photo 11. View of the Project Area near the north end, facing south. Richmond Street and a National Register Eligible church are to the far left (USN 05540.006110). The Inner Loop rises to grade in this area.

Photo 12. View of the Project Area near the north end, facing northwest. The East Main Street bridge dominates the view. A National Register Listed school lies in the background to the left, near the end of the project area (90NR01489). This area saw limited historic development and relatively limited construction disturbance. A very large precontact archaeological site reportedly covers this whole area (NYSM 7119, ACP MNRO). 10

BACKGROUND RESEARCH

Environmental Setting

Topography. The project area is within a relatively flat and poorly drained portion of the Erie-Ontario lake plain physiographic province. This province is a product of Pleistocene glaciation, and glacial deposits are found in undisturbed areas. The local landscape consists of a gently sloping area (Buehler and Tesmer 1963; Owens, et al. 1986). Elevations in the project area vary from 149 m (489 ft) to 160 m (525 ft) above mean sea level. The most prominent feature near this landscape is the Genesee River, which lies about 90 m (300 ft) to the west of the west end of the project area.

Soils. The dominant soil type found in the project area is Urban Land (Ub). Urban Land is the dominant soil association in the City of Rochester and is found in nearly level urbanized areas and areas of well drained to poorly drained soils and disturbed soils; on lowland plains, like the Erie-Ontario lake plain physiographic province. Only small areas of the original undisturbed soil remain. Most areas are heavily developed residential blocks, commercial and industrial complexes, streets, and parking lots where 80% or more of land is covered by structures, asphalt, or concrete (Heffner et al. 1973:158).

Vegetation. Prior to European settlement, forest cover consisted of a Northern Hardwoods forest. In wetter areas this forest type was dominated by beech and maple trees. Lesser amounts of oak, chestnut, pine and other species occupied drier areas (Heffner et al. 1973:166). Presently the vegetation is primarily determined by land use.

Drainage. No streams or other naturally occurring water sources are located directly in the urbanized project area. The entire project area lies within the Saint Lawrence watershed. The nearby Genesee River provides the primary drainage for the project area and its immediate environs. It lies about 90 m (300 ft) to the west of the west end of the project area and flows in a northern direction into Lake Ontario.

Current Land Use. Land use within and adjacent to the project area is urban and consists of expressways, parking lots, light industrial, residential, educational, and commercial uses. Most of the project area consists of paved parking lots, streets, and aspects of the above and below-grade Inner Loop Highway. Numerous buildings and structures also lie on the landscape. Other features of the landscape include sidewalks, trees, shrubs, and manicured lawns.

Disturbances. Areas within and adjacent to the project area are disturbed to varying degrees due to road construction, utilities, industrial, commercial, and residential development, parking lots, redeposited fill, sidewalks, and landscaping. The most significant disturbance lies on the alignment of the Inner Loop highway with above and below-grade aspects.

Depth of Cultural Deposits. Disturbances are likely to occur in many, but not all parts of the project area and the depth of cultural deposits is hard to predict. In undisturbed areas, cultural material is expected to be recovered from a depth of about 60 cm (24 in) or less given that the project area consists of urban soils. Where disturbances occur, and multiple episodes of construction and reconstruction have occurred, intact cultural deposits could be buried by well over one meter (3.3 ft) of fill.

Site File Search

Site file searches were conducted at the Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation and the SUNY at Buffalo (UB) Archaeological Survey. Table 1 includes 13 precontact and four historic sites. The search includes precontact sites documented by early investigators of the region (Follett 1956, Parker 1920-22). One site has had a National Register eligibility determination. The Triphammer Ruins is a National Register Listed (NRL) historic site that lies about 1.5 km (0.9 mi) to the west of the project area (A05540.000014).

The site files were also examined for the locations and results of archaeological and architectural reconnaissance studies previously conducted within a 1.6 km (1 mi) radius of the project area. Nineteen studies were noted. Two of these documented three of the sites noted in Table 1, all three historic (Appendix A, Appendix B). The results of the previous studies are discussed in the precontact and historic context sections of this report. 11

Table 1. Summary of Recorded Archaeological Sites within a 1.6 km (1 mi) Radius of the Project Area.

Site #/ Distance from PA / Distance from Cultural Affiliation/ Dates/ Reference Site Name water / elevation / slope Type/ Testing NYSM 7117/ Lg general area includes PA / 251 m Unidentified Precontact/ ACP ACP MNRO-73B (825 ft) E Genesee River / 152 m (500 Stray/ large mortar ft) +/- NYSM 7118/ Lg general area includes PA / 213 m Unidentified Precontact ACP ACP MNRO-73C (700 ft) E Genesee River Scatter-Stray finds/pipes and other relics found in gravel pit NYSM 7119/ Very lg general area includes PA / +610 Unidentified Precontact ACP ACP MNRO m (2000 ft) E Genesee River Possible trail, possible traces of occupation/No information NYSM 8722 Lg general area 0.1 km (0.06 mi) S / 762 Unidentified Precontact/ burial, HF m (2500 ft) + E Genesee River possible ossuary/ No information NYSM 3923/ Lg general area 0.5 km (0.3 mi) W / E Unidentified Precontact/ ACP ACP MNRO-73A Genesee River/119-152 m (390-500 ft) Village/ No information NYSM 8721 0.5 km (0.3 mi) W / W side Genesee Unidentified Precontact/ Probably River / 156 m (512 ft) Camp/ No information HF A05540.001557/ 0.5 km (0.3 mi) NW / 3.3 m (1 ft) W Late Woodland Iroquois/ HF Follett 366 Genesee River / 152 m (500 ft); gentle Village/No information Bah-na-wau-deh A05540.001393/ 0.75 km (0.5 mi) N / along E bank 1875/Mill Race/Race of wood OPRHP Same site; multiple Genesee River / 152 m (500 ft) +/- and brick lies under Water Street Report 28 locations A05540.001544/ 0.75 km (0.5 mi) W / 457 m (1500 ft) E Historic Native American HF Follett 102/ Genesee River / 163 m (535 ft); gentle Iroquois/Village/ Sibley Tower Investigated 1819 A05540.001550/ 0.75 km (0.5 mi) W / 457 m (1500 ft) W Early-Middle Woodland/Village/ HF Follett 301/ Genesee River / 155 m (510 ft); gentle No information Kimball Site NYSM 0.75 km (0.5 mi) NW / 30 m (100 ft) W Euroamerican/ No Info 2538/Campbell- of Genesee River / 152 m (500 ft) +/- No information/ Whittlesey House No information NYSM 8720 0.75 km (0.5 mi) NW / E side Genesee Unidentified Precontact/ ACP River / 119 m (390 ft) + Camp/No information A05540.001393 1.25 km (0.78 mi) N / 81 m (265 ft) E of 1875/Mill Race/Race of wood OPRHP Water Street Mill Genesee River / 152 m (500 ft) +/- and brick lies under Water Street Report 28 Race A05540.000014/ 1.5 km (0.9 mi) W / adj W Genesee 1818 NRL/Foundry/Some brick OPRHP Triphammer River on banks below falls / 119 m (390 and masonry walls remain Report 37 Building Ruins ft); steep NYSM 7120/ Very lg general area 1.5 km (0.9 mi) N / Unidentified Precontact/ ACP ACP MNRO 914 m (3000 ft) + E Genesee River camps/East of NY Central RR tracks between W. Albany and Karner

Key: ACP – Arthur C. Parker HF – Harrison Follett NYSM – New York State Museum OPRHP – Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation, Field Services Bureau (A02902.) UB – SUNY Buffalo, Archaeological Survey 12

Precontact Context

Settlement Patterns. A site file search revealed that 10 pre-contact archaeological sites are recorded within a 1.6 km (1.0 mi) radius of the project area (Table 1). Three sites are located within the project area and one site is in the general area.

The NYSM 7117 site (ACP MNRO-73B) is described by Arthur C. Parker as “unidentified precontact stray find” that uncludes a “large mortar”. Its site boundaries cover a very large area. Most of the site is located within and adjacent to the project area (Project Area Map Parts 2, 3). Detailed information about the site is lacking and its cultural affiliation or age is unknown.

The NYSM 7118 site (ACP MNRO-73C) covers a large area and most of the project area lies within its boundaries (Project Area Map Parts 2, 6, 7). The site’s western boundary lies about 200 meters east of the Genesee River. The site is described by Arthur C. Parker as an unidentified precontact scatter, including stray finds, pipes, and other relics found in a gravel pit. Detailed information about the site is lacking and its cultural affiliation or age is unknown.

The NYSM 7119 site (ACP MNRO) covers a very large area and the northeastern end of the project area lies within its boundaries (Project Area Map Part 1). The site’s western boundary lies about 610 meters east of the Genesee River. The site is described by Arthur C. Parker as an unidentified precontact possible trail and traces of occupation. Detailed information about the site is lacking and its cultural affiliation or age is unknown. It is not clear whether or not it represents a habitation site.

The NYSM 8722 site is reportedly an unidentified precontact burial, possible ossuary. The project area lies possibly within 100 meters of the northwest corner of this large site (Project Area Map Part 4). Information about possible artifacts unearthed is lacking (Follett).

The other 10 precontact sites identified by the file search include villages, camps, burials, lithic scatters and stray finds (Table 1). All of them lie some distance from the project area. Two sites have identifiable cultural affiliations. The Kimball Site (A05540.001550) is an Early/Middle Woodland village for which detailed information is lacking. The BAH-NA-WAU-DEH site (A05540.001557) is a Late Woodland Iroquois village for which detailed information is lacking. Site types such as camps and lithic scatters are not well defined and are typically considered to represent ephemeral or short term occupations, although such attributions are often based on limited data. Those sites described as villages and base camps tend to have large artifact scatters with occupational debris often associated with longer term occupations. The variety of sites identified by the file search suggests the Genesee River area was used for its diverse resources with associated habitation sites located nearby.

The file search indicated that 19 cultural resource investigations have been previously conducted within a 1.6 km (1 mi) radius of the project area (Appendix A, Appendix B). One study included a portion of the project area (Allen 1983). The project was located at the northeastern end of the current project area. No sites were revealed in the course of a walk-over survey and no subsurface testing was conducted. Two studies were located nearby (OPRHP 337 and OPRHP 399). Information for OPRHP 337 was limited to the size of the study area: 8.8 acres. No information was available for OPRHP 399.

Precontact Site Sensitivity Assessment

An analysis of the distribution of previously recorded sites along with other background research data suggests that the project area has a high sensitivity for precontact archaeological sites. Numerous precontact archaeological sites have been found in the vicinity of the project area and along the Genesee River, which lies about 90 m (300 ft) to the west of the west end of the project area. Site types that may occur in the project area include villages, camps, lithic scatters, and artifact find spots. Sensitivity may be degraded by modern land use including recent utility installations, commercial and residential development, parking lot and sidewalk construction, highway construction, and landscaping. Historic land use patterns indicate that most of the project area has been impacted by development. However, relatively undisturbed precontact deposits may remain in the project area, especially around the perimeter of the project area. Similar deposits could be found buried below fill levels and in undisturbed areas. 13

Historic Context

This section of the report includes the results of the site file search for historic sites, a general history of the City of Rochester, and analysis of the prior development of the project area as documented on historic maps. A search of the OPRHP and SUNY Buffalo site files identified four historic archaeological sites within a 1.6 km (1 mi) radius of the project area (Table 1).

No historic sites are situated in or adjacent to the project area. The Triphammer Building Ruins site is located on the western bank of the Genesee River about 1.5 km (0.9 mi) from the project area. It is National Register Listed (NRL, Table 1). The remaining historic sites represent the locations of nineteenth and twentieth century buildings and structures, including a residence, foundry, mill race, and cemetery (NRL, Table 1).

The file search indicated that 19 cultural resource investigations have been previously conducted within a 1.6 km (1 mi) radius of the project area (Appendix A, Appendix B). Two of these documented three of the sites noted in Table 1 (OPRHP 28 and OPRHP 37). All three are historic sites. One investigation included a portion of the project area (Allen 1983). That investigation was conducted at the northeastern end of the current project area (Project Area Map Part 1). No sites were revealed in the course of a walk-over survey and no subsurface testing was conducted. Two studies were located nearby (OPRHP 337 and OPRHP 399). Information for OPRHP 337 was limited to the size of the study area: 8.8 acres. No information was available for OPRHP 399.

National Register eligible (NRE) and listed (NRL) properties and districts are associated with the project area. NRE or NRL properties lying within, adjacent to, or within the viewshed of the project area include: 200 University Avenue (NRL, 90NR 01489), 62 North Union Street (NRE, USN 05540.00610), 320 East Avenue (NRE as part of an NRE district, USN 05540.00354), 7 Lafayette Park (NRE as part of an NRE district, USN 05540.003597), 8 Lafayette Park (NRE as part of an NRE district, USN 05540.003598), 1 Mt. Hope Avenue (NRL, 90NR01519), and 75 Woodbury Boulevard (NRL, 90NR1498).

Historic Trends and Themes. Several historic texts were used for this section (Peck 1908, City of Rochester 2013, Grasso 2010, McIntosh 1877, McKevitz et al. 2000, and McKelvey 1945, 1949, 1956, and 1961). At the time of first contact between the local Native American population and Europeans in the 1600s, the area comprising the City of Rochester was in the possession of the Senecas, a powerful nation within the Iroquois Confederacy. At the end of the American Revolution various treaties with the Senecas caused most of the Senecas to move to reservations south along the Genesee River and farther west around the Buffalo and Salamanca. Rochester was part of the 1787 Phelps and Gorham Purchase which included 2,600,000 acres in central and western New York. Euroamerican settlement of the Rochester area began in earnest in the 1790s.

The first development of Rochester occurred in 1789 on the west bank of the Genesee River near the waterfalls. Ebenezer Allan built a saw and grist mill for the benefit of the remaining Senecas who lived nearby. Allan moved away in 1791, the mills fell into disrepair, and by 1802 the property was purchased by . The hamlet was named Rochester by 18 11 and development began east of the river, north of the project area. The community expanded rapidly in the 1810s as more mills were erected and a stage coach to Canandaigua was started. The Village of Rochesterville was incorporated in 1817 with a population of 1,049 people in 1818.

The Genesee River had been the most important transportation route in the region before the was built. Farmers floated their grain north to Rochester to have it milled. Construction of the Erie Canal began 1817 at Rome, New York. The east side of the Genesee River in Rochester was reached in 1822. The first aqueduct to carry the Erie Canal across the Genesee River was completed in 1823. Once the entire canal was completed in 1825, shipping costs fell dramatically and canal ports like Utica, Rome, Syracuse, Buffalo, and Rochester grew rapidly.

The village expanded at an even greater rate than many other canal ports because of the canal-river intersection and nearby waterfalls. These features in close proximity to one another made the manufacturing and distribution of goods very profitable. Rochester came to be known as the Flour City because of its large and prosperous flour mills. The village was incorporated as a city in 1834 with a population of 12,252.

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Notable events in Rochester’s early history included Charles G. Finney’s Great Awakening religious revivals of 1830, 1842, and 1856. He is credited with converting about one third of the city’s population. Noted abolitionist Frederick Douglass moved to Rochester in 1847. There he began publishing the North Star, an influential antislavery newspaper.

The 1840s saw infrastructure improvements like new aqueducts and bridges across the Genesee River and the expansion of the Genesee Valley Canal toward Olean, its eventual goal. By the 1880s, canal traffic was waning and railroads were in the ascendancy. The portion of the Erie Canal through the city was operated until 1920, soon after the New York State Barge Canal was routed south of the city.

Rochester’s Central Business District experienced a rapid industrial and population growth in the early part of the twentieth century. Companies like and Delco were thriving in the core of the city. Other industries followed and the city developed with residential, commercial, and other structures going up at a fast pace. Retail and office buildings, ever-larger educational buildings, banks, and municipal buildings were erected, creating a densely built-up Central Business District. A subway system was built and operated in the old Erie Canal bed from 1921 to 1956 to serve the downtown area (McKevitz et al. 2000:128).

Development in Rochester slowed during the Great Depression and the city declined like other northeastern cities after World War II. The inner city began to decay as the population moved out to the suburbs. Many downtown areas, including around the project area, became vacant or declined, or were transformed dramatically by urban renewal projects like large scale commercial and civic development and highway construction.

The project area passes through a number of neighborhoods in the City of Rochester: South Marketview Heights, Central Business District, Atlantic-University, East Avenue, and Pearl-Meigs-Monroe. Marketview Heights began to see significant development in the late 19th century. It is named for the public market that has been operating in the neighborhood since 1905. “Its earliest residents were laborers who followed the new trolley lines to rent simply constructed wooden homes for their families in area area bounded on the west by North Street, on the east by North Goodman Street, on the north by Clifford Avenue and south at East Main Street” (City of Rochester 2013). The northeastern end of the project area lies adjacent to the southern boundary of the neighborhood.

The western half of the project area lies adjacent to the eastern boundary of the Central Business District. The history of the Central Business District is described above. The Atlantic-University and East Avenue neighborhoods lie on the eastern boundary of the northern portion of the project area. East Avenue forms the central axis of the neighborhood. East Avenue is roughly on the alignment of a precontact Native American trail and was developed early in the history of Rochester. The portion of East Avenue in the project area was described as “Main Street” in the first half of the 19th century. Between the middle of the 19th and 20th centuries, the area developed as primarily a residential neighborhood with a mix of light industry and commercial businesses, especially along Union Street.

The northern boundary of the Pearl-Meigs-Monroe neighborhood lies adjacent to the southern boundary of the project area. The northern half of the neighborhood was developed by the 1880s, before the electric street car lines extended out from the Central Business District. Development along the Erie Canal, which forms the western boundary of the neighborhood, started in the 1820s, when the canal was built.

In the late 1940s, the New York State Department of Transportation and the City of Rochester developed plans for a series of boulevards and expressways to deal with automobile traffic congestion in the city. Demolition of buildings and street alignments and construction of at-grade and below-grade highways and ramps took place in the 1950s and 1960s. The I-490 highway is a segment of the Eisenhower Interstate System that was built at the same time and that connects with the Inner Loop at the west end of the project area (historic resources survey, p 129-130).

Historic Maps Analysis. Historic maps dealing with structure locations were examined for evidence of such locations and alignments of early roads in or adjacent to the project area. These include the Map of the village of Rochester in 1820 (Fenn 1890), 1822 County of Monroe (Bugbee 1822), 1832 Map of Rochester from a correct survey (Gill et al. 1832), 1858 Gillette’s Map of Monroe Co., New York (Browne et al. 1858), 1875 City Atlas of Rochester, New York (Hopkins 1875), 1888 Robinson’s Atlas of the City of Rochester, Monroe County, New York (Robinson 1888), 1900 Plat Book of the City of Rochester, New York (Lathrop 1900), 1918 Plat Book of the City of Rochester, New York (Hopkins 1918), and 1935 Plat Book of the City of Rochester, New York (Hopkins 1935). 15

The Map of the village of Rochester in 1820 shows where buildings and roads were in the village before the Erie Canal was built (Figure 4). At that time, the small village was mostly on the western side of the Genesee River. The map does not include most of the project area but, from what the map does illustrate, it can be inferred that the project area was largely untouched before 1820. A number of roads cut through the project area and there were probably a few scattered farmsteads in the neighborhood.

The Erie Canal reached the eastern side of the Genesee River in 1822. The 1822 County of Monroe map shows the alignment of the canal just south of and adjacent to the southernmost point of the project area and just west of the westernmost point of the project area (Figure 5). The small scale of the map makes plotting the project area difficult. The project area was probably near the eastern and southern edge of development in the village. Three major roads appear to leave the village through the project area: South Road (South Street), State Road to Canandaigua (Pittsford Road, Monroe Avenue), and Main Road to Pittsford (East Avenue).

The 1832 Map of Rochester from a correct survey (Figure 6) is a large scale map that illustrates well the southern and western portion of the project area. The northern and eastern portion of the project area was not drawn so only inferences can be made about development in those areas. Two buildings are depicted at the far western end of the project area. They represent the first two Map Documented Structures (MDS) to appear on historic maps within the project area.

The Village of Rochester became the City of Rochester in 1834. By 1858, development in the growing city had extended well beyond the project area’s boundaries. The 1858 Gillette’s Map of Monroe Co., New York shows the entire project area (Figure 7). All of the major street alignments were in place by 1858. Around 60 buildings are depicted in the project area. Development appears to have concentrated in the western and northern ends of the project area, with no development in the southern and northern tips and light development in the middle of the project area. It cannot be ascertained from the map what the building functions were.

The 1875 City Atlas of Rochester, New York is a large scale map that shows a great deal of useful information (Figures 8-10). Details include building footprints, whether the building is made of brick or wood, property lines, property owner names, streets, and streets with horse-drawn streetcar lines. By 1875, the project area contained about 200 primary buildings. The heaviest concentration of buildings exists in the southern third of the project area and most of them are constructed of brick. The middle third of the project area is less densely developed than the southern third and the top third is the least developed, with very little building density at the northern tip of the project area. Most of the buildings in the top two thirds of the project area are constructed of wood.

A chronological review of historic maps from the 1888 Robinson’s Atlas of the City of Rochester, Monroe County, New York to the 1918 Plat Book of the City of Rochester, New York shows that the project area saw limited additional development beyond what occurred before 1875 (Figures 11-16). The most notable change in the project area was the reconstruction and rerouting of the Erie Canal in the 1910s. The rebuilt canal was rerouted south of Rochester and the canal system was renamed the Barge Canal.

By 1918, some of the earlier buildings were being replaced by larger buildings. The density of buildings in the bottom third of the project area remained fairly constant. Building density in the middle third increased marginally. Building density increased dramatically in the portion of the project area north of Main Street. From the 19th century to well into the 20th century, the project area generally consisted of a mix of commercial, industrial, and residential development.

By 1935 a number of taller and larger buildings were erected in the project area, mostly at or near major intersections like Union Street and Court Street, Howell Street and St. Paul Street, and Denning Street and the canal bed (Figures 17, 18). The number of buildings in the project increased from about 200 in 1875 to about 300 in 1935. The 1935 map represents the project area at its peak in terms of the number of buildings in the project area. A subway was built and operated in the old Erie Canal bed from 1921 to 1956 to serve the downtown area. The project area’s building inventory and street alignments underwent significant changes in the 1950s as construction began on the highway system now in place. 16

Historic Sensitivity

An analysis of historic maps and textual evidence suggests that the historic sensitivity is high in the project area, especially in those areas around historic building and structure locations. Numerous buildings more than fifty years old remain in and adjacent to it. Historic land use patterns indicate that development beginning by the 1820s impacted portions of the project area, especially in the southern half. The entire project area was substantially developed by the end of the nineteenth century. It is possible that historic sites dating to the first decade of the nineteenth century might also be situated within project limits. Numerous residential, industrial, and commercial buildings and structures were situated in or adjacent to the project area. Some of these archaeological deposits would form a rich, varied record of the growth and development of Rochester.

Situated in a part of the City of Rochester that has been urbanized since the mid-nineteenth century, only limited areas have been the subject of systematic archaeological investigations in the recent past. While the full extent of historic sites in the project area is presently unknown, the results of other investigations suggest evidence of the buildings and other structures documented by the background research are likely to be encountered. The extent to which these deposits might remain intact is unknown. Deeply buried deposits may include evidence from the basements of refuse pits, buildings, middens, and other special purpose commercial structures and features.

Recommendations

In terms of potential subsurface deposits, based on the assessment of a varying degree of prior disturbance in the project area, some Phase 1B fieldwork is feasible. The recommended testing strategy for the Phase 1B investigations includes a pedestrian survey of the project area to determine areas suitable for conducting subsurface testing. Particular attention should be paid to areas with low prior disturbance like the perimeter of the project area, the front yards of properties on surviving historic street alignments like North and South Union Street, and in the several areas historically used as park space.

A subsurface examination should be conducted with a series of shovel test pits (STPs) placed at 7.5-15 m (25- 50 ft) intervals in all relatively undisturbed areas. Greater testing intervals can be used in areas where disturbance is expected but needs to be documented. Construction monitoring is recommended to ensure that no deeply buried historic deposits are located within impact areas covered by impervious structures such as conctrete and pavement.

The Project Area Archaeological Potential Map (Figure 20) provides a graphical summary of Phase 1A information and Phase 1B recommendations for the project area overlaid on the Project Area Map (Figure 19). Areas on the map are colored red, yellow, or green based on precontact, historic and modern land use and degree of prior disturbance. The historic map analysis and other information were used to determine where, what kind, and how many construction and demolition events occurred on each property in the project area.

The color green is used to depict areas of low prior disturbance and therefore high archaeological potential. Some of the areas shaded green appear to have remained green space or never experienced construction and demolition of buildings. Disturbances in these areas are typically associated with parking lots and landscaping, both of which are not necessarily deep disturbances.

The color yellow is used to depict areas of moderate prior disturbance. A moderate disturbance is associated with a single building or demolition event, such as where an original building was removed leaving a vacant lot or a surface parking lot. These areas probably include landscaping and buried utilities disturbances.

The color red is used to depict areas of high prior disturbance. These areas were subject to multiple episodes of construction and demolition, including the construction and demolition of large buildings or historic street alignments. A large portion of the project area was highly disturbed during the construction of the Inner Loop highway. Much of the Inner Loop’s alignment descends below grade into the bedrock and therefore has very low archaeological potential.

17

Figure 4. Map of the village of Rochester in 1820 (Fenn 1890).

Figure 5. 1822 County of Monroe (Bugbee 1822). 18

Figure 6. 1832 Map of Rochester from a correct survey (Gill et al. 1832).

19

Figure 7. 1858 Gillette’s Map of Monroe Co., New York (Browne et al. 1858).

20

Figure 8. 1875 City Atlas of Rochester, New York (Hopkins 1875).

Figure 9. 1875 City Atlas of Rochester, New York (Hopkins 1875). 21

Figure 10. 1875 City Atlas of Rochester, New York (Hopkins 1875). 22

Figure 11. 1888 Robinson’s Atlas of the City of Rochester, Monroe County, New York (Robinson 1888). 23

Figure 12. 1888 Robinson’s Atlas of the City of Rochester, Monroe County, New York (Robinson 1888). 24

Figure 13. 1900 Plat Book of the City of Rochester, New York (Lathrop 1900). 25

Figure 14. 1900 Plat Book of the City of Rochester, New York (Lathrop 1900). 26

Figure 15. 1918 Plat Book of the City of Rochester, New York (Hopkins 1918). 27

Figure 16. 1918 Plat Book of the City of Rochester, New York (Hopkins 1918). 28

Figure 17. 1935 Plat Book of the City of Rochester, New York (Hopkins 1935). 29

Figure 18. 1935 Plat Book of the City of Rochester, New York (Hopkins 1935). 30

APPENDIX A: REFERENCES CITED

Allen, Kathleen M. 1983 Cultural Resources Investigation for the Proposed Extension of the Scio Street Ramp from the Rochester Inner Loop (Route 490T), City of Rochester, Monroe County, New York. Reports of the Archaeological Survey 15(17), Department of Anthropology, State University of New York at Buffalo.

Browne, P. J., Gillette, J. E., & Stone, C. K. 1858 Gillette's map of Monroe Co., New York: From actual surveys. John E. Gillette, Philadelphia.

Bugbee, A. S., & Balch, Rawdon & Co. 1820 County of Monroe. Rawdon & Co., New York.

City of Rochester 2013 Northeast Neighborhoods – Marketview Heights. Electronic Document, accessed January 10, 2013: http://www.cityofrochester.gov/article.aspx?id=8589942097.

Fenn, H. N. 1890 Map of the village of Rochester in 1820: As drawn by the publisher from actual survey. Rochester, N.Y: Peerless Co. Follett, Harrison 1956 Archaeology of the counties of Monroe, Ontario, Livingston and Genesee, New York, 1894-1930. Unpublished manuscript, on file at the Rochester Museum. Rochester, New York.

Gill, V., Child, J., & Morin, J. F. 1832 Map of Rochester from a correct survey. Electronic Document, accessed January 15, 2012: http://photo.libraryweb.org/rochimag/rpm/rpm00022.htm

Grasso, Thomas X 2010 The Erie Canal and Rochester: Past, Present, and Future. Electronic Document, accessed January 15, 2013: http://www.rochester.lib.ny.us/~rochhist/v72_2010/v72i1.pdf.

Heffner, Robert L. and Seymour D. Goodman 1973 Soil Survey of Monroe County, New York. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. Government Publications Office, Washington, D.C.

Hopkins, G.M. 1875 City Atlas of Rochester, New York. Philadelphia: G.M. Hopkins, C.E. 1918 Plat Book of the City of Rochester, New York. Philadelphia: G. M. Hopkins Co. 1935 Plat Book of the City of Rochester, New York: From Official Records, Private Plans and Actual Surveys. Vol. 1 and 2. Philadelphia: G. M. Hopkins Co.

Lathrop 1900 Plat Book of the City of Rochester, New York. J.M. Lathrop & Co., Philadelphia

McIntosh, William H. 1877 History of Monroe County, New York, 1783-1877. Everts, Ensign & Everts, New York, New York.

McKelvey, Blake 1945 Rochester: The Water-Power City, 1812-1854. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts. 1949 Rochester: The Flower City, 1855-1890. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts. 1956 Rochester: The Quest for Quality, 1890-1925. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts. 1961 Rochester: An Emerging Metropolis, 1925-1961. Christopher Press, Inc., Rochester, New York.

31

KcKenna, Gloria J. and Frances R. Pickin 1987 Cultural Resource Survey for PIN 4NEW.91, St. Paul Street, Lowell Street to Avenue D, City of Rochester, Monroe County, New York. Reports of the Archaeological Survey 19(07), SUNY Buffalo.

McKevitz, Mark et al. 2000 Historic Resources Survey 2000: A Report on the Built Environment of 1936-1950. City of Rochester.

Nagel, Brian Lee 1982 Cultural Resources Investigation for the East Main Street Bridge Replacement Project, City of Rochester, Monroe County, New York, PIN 4750.86. Reports of the Archaeological Survey 14(22), Department of Anthropology, State University of New York at Buffalo.

New York Archaeological Council 1994 Standards for Cultural Resources Investigations and the Curation of Archaeological Collections. New York Archaeological Council, Albany. 2005 Phase 1 Archaeological Report Format Requirements.

New York State Education Department 2004 Work Scope Specifications for Cultural Resource Investigations on NYSDOT Projects. New York State Museum, Albany.

Parker, A. 1920 The Archeological History of New York. New York State Museum Bulletin, Nos. 238-239. New York State Museum, Albany.

Peck, William Farley 1908 History of Rochester and Monroe county, New York, from the earliest historic times to the beginning of 1907. The Pioneer Publishing Co., New York, New York.

Pickin, Frances R., and Gloria J. 1987 Cultural Resource Survey for PIN Upper Falls Boulevard (East-West Arterial) Hudson Avenue to Niagara Street, City of Rochester, Monroe County, New York. Reports of the Archaeological Survey 19(30), Department of Anthropology, State University of New York at Buffalo.

Robinson, E. 1888 Robinson's Atlas of the City of Rochester, Monroe County, New York: Compiled from Official Records, Private Plans & Actual Surveys under the Direction of E. Robinson. New York: E. Robinson.

United Stated Geological Survey (USGS) 1971 Rochester East, N.Y. 7.5 Minute Series Quadrangle. United States Geological Survey. Washington D.C.

Gill, V., Child, J., & Morin, J. F. 1832 Map of Rochester from a correct survey. Unknown publisher,

32

APPENDIX B: CORRESPONDENCE

33

CONFIDENTIAL; Not for Public Release NYS OFFICE OF PARKS, RECREATION AND HISTORIC PRESERVATION Field Services Bureau Files Search

DATE: October 2011 CONDUCTED BY: B Ross Project: Rochester Intermodal, Amtrack Station, 320 Central Avenue Minor Civil Division (MCD): City of Rochester (05540) County: Monroe USGS Quadrangle: Rochester East

1. Archaeological Sites (within 3.2 km / 2 mi radius):

Refer to attached table. Parker, Arthur C, “History of the Archaeology of New York State,” NYS Museum Bulletins 238- 239: 1920-22. Follett, Harrison C “Archaeology of the Counties of Monroe, Ontario, Livingston and Genesee, New York, 1894-1930,” 1956. Unpublished manuscript on file at Rochester Museum and Science Center.

2. Surveys and Reports within immediate or adjacent MCDs: (all within 1.6 km):

OPR Report #28. Stage IB Cultural Resource Survey for Combined Sewer Overflow Abatement Project, City of Rochester, Monroe County, NY, C-36-745, Ecology and Environment, 8/81. Historic site A05540.001393 (Item 1: Sites 1-2) lies within 1.6 km. AND Addendum, 12/81, no sites for Muck Disposal Site at Lyell-Broad Industrial Park.

OPR Report #35. Stage IA/B Cultural Resource Investigations for PIN 4750.86, East Main Street Bridge, City of Rochester, Monroe County, NY, University Buffalo, 12/82 for DOT. No sites. Note: survey lies near proposed project area.

OPR Report #37. Stage IA Cultural Resource Survey for Brown’s Race Area, Rochester Gas and Electric Hydroelectric Project, City of Rochester, Monroe County, NY, Clune and Johnson, 3/83 for FERC. One historic site, A05540.000014 (Item 1, Site 6) lies within 1.6 km.

OPR Report #69. Stage IA/B Cultural Resource Investigations for PIN 4NEW.91, St. Paul Street, Lowell Street to Avenue D, City of Rochester, Monroe County, NY, University Buffalo, 3/87 for DOT. No sites within 5.1 acres.

OPR Report #109. Stage IA/B Archaeological Survey for Proposed Northeast Middle School, City of Rochester, Monroe County, NY, Clune and Johnson, 11/91 for CD. No sites within 5.5 acres.

OPR Report #123. Stage IA/B Cultural Resource Investigations for Recreational Enhancements and Relicensing, Rochester Gas and Electric Corporation Station No. 26, City of Rochester, Rochester, NY, Rochester Museum, 7/92 for FERC. No sites within one acre. AND Addendum, 6/92; 92PR1095 for Station No. 2; no sites.

OPR Report #152, 92PR2323. Stage IA/B Cultural Resource Investigations for Proposed Sports Facility, City of Rochester, Monroe County, NY, Rochester Museum, 5/95 for UD. No sites within 16.4 acres.

OPR Report #157, 95PR1187. Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey for PIN 4002.98, Route 490, City of Rochester, Monroe County, NY, Binghamton University, 1/95. No sites within 3.3 acres. 34

Page 2. NYSOPRHP Site File/Structure Inventory/NR Search for Rochester Intermodal Project, City of Rochester, Monroe County.

OPR Report #208, 98PR3290. Stage IA/B Cultural Resource Investigations for Proposed West Square Manor Development along Prospect Street, City of Rochester, Monroe County, NY, Rochester Museum, 6/00 for HUD. No sites within 0.5 acres.

OPR Report #210, 00PR2735. Stage IA/B Cultural Resource Survey for Proposed William Communications, Inc., Rochester Metrobuild, City of Rochester and Towns of Henrietta and Brighton, Monroe County, NY, Gray and Pape, 7/00 for FCC. No sites within 33.9 acres.

OPR Report #225, 01PR3032. Cultural Resource Survey Site Visit and Limited Stage IB Investigation for Proposed Clifford Avenue Commercial Facility, City of Rochester, Monroe County, NY, Commonwealth Cultural Resource Park, 1/01 for FCC. No sites within 0.1 acres. Note; survey lies close but not adjacent to proposed project area.

OPR Report #275, 03PR2742. Stages I and II Cultural Resource Report for The Proposed Paetec Park, City of Rochester, Monroe County, NY, Rochester Museum, 12/03 for DEC. Two historic sites, A05540.007734-7735 (Rochester West; just beyond 1.6 km) within 18 acres.

OPR Report #337, 08PR1197. Stage IA Cultural Resource Management Report for Proposed Midtown Development Bounded by East Main Street, South Clinton Avenue, East Broad Street, Chestnut Street, Elm Street, Atlas Street and Euclid Street, City of Rochester, Monroe County, NY, Rochester Museum, 5/08 for ESDC. Survey area of 8.8 acres.

OPR Report #338, 08PR2581. Stage IA Cultural Resource Management Report for Proposed Terminal Site Development Bounded by West Broad Street, South Plymouth Avenue and South Fitzhugh Street, City of Rochester, Monroe County, NY, Rochester Museum, 5/08 for SEQRA.

OPR Report #373, 06PR1003. Stage IA Cultural Resource Investigations for Proposed State Street Development, City of Rochester, Monroe County, NY, Rochester Museum, 8/06 for HUD. AND Addendum, Stage IA Literature Search for State South Parcel, 7/07.

OPR Report #399, 08PR2612. Stage IA Cultural Resource Survey for Proposed Canadaigua National Bank, Alexander Street Adjacent to Former Genesee Hospital, City of Rochester, Monroe County, NY, Rochester Museum, 7/08 for CDC.

3. National Register Eligible and Listed Properties within, adjacent or within view shed of project area:

City of Rochester has numerous NRL properties. Numerous exist within 1.6 km of proposed project area – those the closest, although most likely beyond view shed if masked by other building, are described below. In addition, a general list of all those within 1.6 km follows. There is one NRL site – it lies within the Brown’s Race Historic District, 90NR3133 (‘L’ on attached map). The Triphammer Building Ruins, A05540.000014 (Item 1, Site 6) which lies 0.3 km west of the project area.

NRL properties in proximity to proposed project area:

A. 90NR01472, 05540.001838, Leopold Street Shule, 30 Leopold Street. Located 317 m (1040 ft) northeast of project area.

B. 90NR1469, 05540.000267, Eastman Dental Center, 800 East Main Street. Well beyond view shed.

C. 10NR1474, 05540.001801, Old East High School, 410 Alexander Street. Well beyond view shed.

D. 90NR1468, East Avenue Historic District. Multiple buildings and side streets beyond view shed. 35

Page 3. NYSOPRHP Site File/Structure Inventory/NR Search for Rochester Intermodal Project, City of Rochester, Monroe County.

E. 91NR0159, 05540.000517, German United Evangelical Church, 60-90 Bittner Street, 230 Franklin Street. Located 168 m (550 ft) south-southwest.

F. 90NR1516, St. Paul-North Water Street Historic District. Multiple structures as close as 244 m (800 ft) southwest.

G. 90NR1520, 05540.000529, Rochester Fire Department Headquarters, 185 North Street, 352 m (1155 ft) southeast.

H. 90NR1493, 05540.001863, Jewish Young Men’s and Women’s Association, 400 Andrews Street. Located 366 m (1200 ft) southeast.

I. 90NR1471, 05540.000248, St. Joseph’s Roman Catholic Church and Rectory, 108 Franklin Street. Located 366 m (1200 ft) south.

J. 90NR1494, 05540.001866. Kirstein Building, 242 Andrews Street. Located 280 m (920 ft) southwest.

K. 90NR1506, 05540.001413, Andrew’s Street Bridge. Located 378 m (1240 ft) southwest.

L. 90NR3133, Brown’s Race Historic District, Holley System Pump Station. Includes archaeological site of Triphammer ruins. Located 469 m (1540 ft) west to southwest.

NRL Properties within 1.6 km but well beyond view shed:

Southwest of project; east of Genesee River:

90NR0160 90NR1462, , 40 Franklin Street 90NR1470, First Universalist Church, South Clinton Avenue 90NR1484, Bridge 90NR1485, Adam Brown Block, 480 East Main 90NR1486, Chamber of Commerce, 55 St. Paul Street 90NR1495, Lehigh Valley Railroad Station, 99 Court Street 90NR1496, Little Theatre, 240 East Avenue 90NR1497, Michaels-Stern Building, 87 North Clinton Street 90NR1498, Naval Armory-Convention Hall, 75 Woodbury Boulvard 90NR1500, 90NR1501, Sibley Triangle Building, 20-30 East Avenue 90NR1502, University Club, 26 Broadway 90NR1503, HH Warner Building, 72-82 St. Paul Street 90NR1508, Court Street Bridge 90NR 1511, Edwards Building, 26-34 St Paul Street 90NR1512, Granite Building, 124-130 East Main 90NR1513, Grove Place Historic District, 123-125 Gibbs 90NR1514, Main Street Bridge 90NR1515, National Company Building, 159 East Main 90NR3277, Eastman Historic District 91NR0155, English Evangelical Lutheran Church, 111 North Chestnut 91NR0156, Our Lady of Victory, 10 Pleasant Street 91NR0158, Christ Church, 141 East Avenue 93NR0460, Baptist Temple Building, 14 Franklin Street 00NR1608, Lindsay Sibley and Curr Building, 228 East Main 36

Page 4. NYSOPRHP Site File/Structure Inventory/NR Search for Rochester Intermodal Project, City of Rochester, Monroe County.

00NR1610, Hallman Chevrolet, 200 East Avenue 04NR5339, Yawman and Erbe Building, 41 Chestnut Street

Southwest of project; west of Genesee River

89NR0002, Jonathan Child House, 130 Spring Street 90NR1027, Ebenezer Watts House, 47 South Fitzhugh Street 90NR1461, Campbell-Whittles Building, 123 Fitzhugh 90NR1464, , 16 West Main 90NR1467, Federal Building, North Fitzhugh Street 90NR1475, Third Ward Historic District, 105 South Washington 90NR1477, Ely Hervey House, 138 Troup Street 90NR1483, City Hall Historic District, Fitzhugh Street 90NR1488, Court Exchange Building, 142 Exchange Street 90NR1490, First National Bank, 35 State Street 90NR1492, Gannett Building, 55 Exchange Street 90NR1504, Washington Street Rowhouse, 30 North Washington 90NR1505, Wilder Building, 1 East Main 90NR1507, Bridge Street Historic District, 212-224 West Main 90NR1510, Duffy Powers Building, 50 West Main 90NR1517, State Street Historic District 90NR1522, First Presbyterian Church, 101 South Plymouth Avenue 90NR1523, Madison Square-West Main Street Historic District 91NR0157, Brick Presbyterian Church, 121 North Fitzhugh Street 04NR05337, Arcade Mill, 26-32 Aqueduct Street

NRE: Several NRE on Joseph Avenue but far enough north of project area. One NRE on Central at 444 Central Avenue and Ormond Street (no form, no map); Karle Lithographic Company.

4. Inventoried Structures within, adjacent or within view shed of project area:

Possible that 05540.006354, Central Avenue Dam (not eligible) and Karle Lithographic Company (NRE) at 444 Central Avenue and Ormond Street are within view shed. Neither have forms on file. None of the structures on adjacent Joseph Street are within view shed and none on Clinton Street have been inventoried.

5. National Register Staff comments and concerns:

Noted that the rock-faced 1880 viaduct is still extant near the railroad station. It is also possible that some of the platforms from the original 1913 railroad station are still extant. These are not necessarily individually NRE (to be determined) but should be noted if they are extant. Also, the dedicatory plaques that were placed at the original station are in the current station. These should be preserved/moved prior to any demolition.

CONFIDENTIAL; not for public release NYSOPRHP Site File Search Results (sites within 1.6 km / 1 mi radius from project area) October 2011

Item 1. Archaeological Site Table. Rochester Intermodal Project, City of Rochester, Monroe County (05540). Rochester East Quadrangle. Map # Site # Site Name Distance from PA / Distance from Cultural Type Testing Reference water / elevation / slope Affiliation/Dates 1 A05540.001393 Water Street Mill 0.4 km (0.2 mi) W-SW / 81 m (265 ft) E 1875 Mill race Race of wood and brick lies C-36-745 Race Site of Genesee River / 152 m (500 ft) +/- under Water Street 2 A05540.001393 Same site; 0.4 km (0.2 mi) SW / along E bank 1875 Mill race Race of wood and brick lies C-36-745 multiple locations Genesee River / 152 m (500 ft) +/- under Water Street 3 A05540.001544 Sibley Tower 0.5 km (0.3 mi) S-SE / 457 m (1500 ft) E Historic Native Village Investigated in 1819 Documented by Follett 102 Genesee River / 163 m (535 ft); gentle American Iroquois Harrison Follett 4 A05540.001550 Kimball Site 1.1 km (0.7 mi) SW / 457 m (1500 ft) W Early/Middle Village No information “ Follett 301 Genesee River / 155 m (510 ft); gentle Woodland 5 A05540.001557 BAH-NA-WAU- 1 km (0.6 mi) SW / 3.3 m (1 ft) W Late Woodland Village No information “ Follett 366 DEH Genesee River / 152 m (500 ft); gentle Iroquois 6 A05540.000014 Triphammer 0.5 km (0.3 mi) W / adj W Genesee 1818 Foundry Some brick and masonry walls Stage IA Brown’s Race Building Ruins River on banks below falls / 119 m (390 NRL remain Hydo Project, Johnson, ft); steep 3/83 7 NYSM 2538 Campbell- 0.8 km (0.5 mi) SW / 30 m (100 ft) W of Euroamerican No information No information No information Whittlesey House Genesee River / 152 m (500 ft) +/- 8 NYSM 3889 ACP MNRO-39 1.3 km (0.8 mi) NW / 152 m (500 ft) E Unidentified prehistoric Village No information Documented by Parker Genesee River / 158 m (520 ft) +/- 9 NYSM 8721 General area 1.1 km (0.7 mi) SW / W Unidentified prehistoric Camp No information Probably Follett side Genesee River / 156 m (512 ft) 10 NYSM 3923 ACP MNRO-73A Lg general area includes PA / east side Unidentified prehistoric Village No information Documented by Parker Genesee River / 119-152 m (390-500 ft) 11 NYSM 7117 ACP MNRO-73B Lg general area 0.6 km (0.4 mi) S / 251 Unidentified prehistoric Stray find Large mortar “ m (825 ft) E Genesee River / 152 m (500 ft) +/- 12 NYSM 7118 ACP MNRO-73C Lg general area 0.6 km (0.4 mi) S / 213 Unidentified prehistoric Scatter/stray finds Pipes and other relics found in “ m (700 ft) E Genesee River gravel pit 13 NYSM 7119 ACP MNRO Very lg general area 0.4 km (0.2 mi) E / Unidentified prehistoric Possible trail, possible No information “ +610 m (2000 ft) E Genesee River traces of occupation 14 NYSM 8720 Lg general area 122 m (400 ft) + W / E Unidentified prehistoric Camp No information “ side Genesee River / 119 m (390 ft) + 15 NYSM 8722 Lg general area 1.4 km (0.9 mi) SE / 762 Unidentified prehistoric Burial, possible ossuary No information Documented by Follett m (2500 ft) + E Genesee River 16 NYSM 7120 ACP MNRO Very lg general area 1.3 km (0.8 mi) N / Unidentified prehistoric Camps East of NY Central RR tracks Documented by Parker 914 m (3000 ft) + E Genesee River between W. Albany & Karner Rochester West Quadrangle 17 NYSM 2539 Western Cemetery 1.6 km SW 1800s-1965 Cemetery No information No information