Energy Efficiency: Queensland's First Energy Resource
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Energy Efficiency: Queensland’s First Energy Resource Report on the economic and environmental potential provided by energy efficiency improvements for households, communities, industry, and government. February 2010 Report No.2 of the Environment and Resources Committee ENVIRONMENT AND RESOURCES COMMITTEE 53rd Parliament Committee Members Mrs Carryn Sullivan MP, Chair Member for Pumicestone Mr Jeff Seeney MP, Deputy Chair Member for Callide Mrs Julie Attwood MP Member for Mount Ommaney Mr Peter Dowling MP Member for Redlands Mr Simon Finn MP Member for Yeerongpilly Mr Chris Foley MP Member for Maryborough Mr Mark Ryan MP Member for Morayfield Secretariat Research Director Mr Rob Hansen Principal Research Officer1 Ms Rachelle Stacey Ms Maureen Coorey Executive Assistant Ms Carolyn Heffernan 1 Under a job share arrangement, Ms Rachelle Stacey and Ms Maureen Coorey share this full-time position on a 80: 20 split. FOREWORD It seems everyone is chasing a bargain these days. Whether it is a new fridge, a car or a house, it is often the lowest asking price that clinches the deal. But there is a second price that can end up costing just as much, or even more. That price is the ongoing running costs that we often forget about. As time goes by, what seemed like a bargain could soon turn into a money-pit. It is time to think about the true cost of our energy use, both economic and environmental, and to cut down on needless waste. Energy efficiency, which is about doing the same or more with less energy input, holds the key. It starts with a simple question, ‘is it energy or fuel efficient?’ All Queenslanders need to ask this question a lot more, and before any other considerations. Some of the answers are in the stars – energy efficiency star ratings that is. Appliances, equipment, cars and homes that are more fuel or energy efficient may cost more initially, but can save you more off your energy or fuel bills in the long run. And they will keep saving you money every single day. After a trebling of energy use in Queensland over the past thirty years, it is time to look forward and change our ways for a better and more sustainable future. This report will help to do this. I would like to take this opportunity to sincerely thank committee members for their efforts to present this unanimous report, conclusions and recommendations. Readers of our report might like to consider this fact when reading the statement of reservations at the back from the Opposition members. This statement was lodged after the report was adopted. I would like to make a special mention of Chris Foley MP, the independent Member for Maryborough, for his efforts to bring new ideas to our inquiry. I also acknowledge the extraordinary dedication and efforts of the committee’s secretariat and other parliamentary staff who assisted us. Finally, I would like to thank the many groups and individuals who shared their ideas for making energy efficiency the highest priority, and Queensland’s first energy resource. Carryn Sullivan MP Chair i ii CONTENTS ENERGY AND POWER TERMS EXPLAINED................................................................. V LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES...............................................................................VII ACRONYMS .............................................................................................................. IX SUMMARY ................................................................................................................ XI SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS..................................................................... XIII CHAPTER 1 ~ THE INQUIRY ...................................................................................... 1 The Environment and Resources Committee ......................................................................1 Inquiry Terms of Reference ..............................................................................................1 Context for the Inquiry .....................................................................................................2 Inquiry Process ................................................................................................................3 Purpose of this Report ......................................................................................................3 Responsibility of Ministers.................................................................................................3 CHAPTER 2 ~ ENERGY AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY .................................................... 5 Energy.............................................................................................................................5 Energy in Australia ...........................................................................................................5 Energy in Queensland.......................................................................................................6 Energy Efficiency..............................................................................................................7 National Initiatives ...........................................................................................................8 National Partnership Agreement on Energy Efficiency .................................................8 The National Strategy on Energy Efficiency ................................................................8 The Smart Grid, Smart City Trial................................................................................9 Queensland Government Initiatives ................................................................................. 10 Opportunities to Improve the ClimateSmart Home Service Program .................................. 13 Follow up contact ................................................................................................... 13 Improving access for low-income households........................................................... 14 Options to assist customers excluded from the program ........................................... 15 Local Government Initiatives........................................................................................... 16 The Benefits of Energy Efficiency .................................................................................... 16 iii CHAPTER 3 ~ BARRIERS AND IMPEDIMENTS......................................................... 27 Market Failures .............................................................................................................. 27 Imperfect information............................................................................................. 27 Information asymmetry .......................................................................................... 28 Split incentives ....................................................................................................... 29 Positive externalities/spillovers ................................................................................ 30 Behavioural, Cultural and Organisational Barriers ............................................................. 31 Financial/Investment Barriers.......................................................................................... 33 Skills and Capacity Barriers ............................................................................................. 34 Other Barriers and Impediments ..................................................................................... 35 Lack of co-ordination across governments................................................................ 35 Problems with software used to rate building energy efficiency ................................. 37 CHAPTER 4 ~ OPTIONS TO ENCOURAGE ENERGY EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTS IN QUEENSLAND............................................................................................ 41 A Queensland Energy Efficiency Strategy ......................................................................... 41 Energy Efficiency Information ......................................................................................... 44 Electricity Tariff Reforms................................................................................................. 45 Energy Efficiency Improvements for Low-Income Households ........................................... 46 Supporting Distributed Energy and Co-Generation Systems............................................... 49 Market-Based Energy Efficiency Incentives ...................................................................... 50 CHAPTER 5 ~ THE CARBON POLLUTION REDUCTION SCHEME .............................. 55 Background ................................................................................................................... 55 Impacts of a CPRS on Energy Efficiency........................................................................... 56 APPENDIX A ~ S 107 OF THE PARLIAMENT OF QUEENSLAND ACT 2001................ 59 APPENDIX B ~ SUBMISSIONS RECEIVED ............................................................... 61 APPENDIX C ~ PUBLIC HEARINGS – LIST OF WITNESSES ..................................... 63 APPENDIX D ~ QUEENSLAND GOVERNMENT POLICIES AND INITIATIVES TO PROMOTE ENERGY EFFICIENCY ............................................................... 65 APPENDIX E ~ LOCAL GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES TO IMPROVE ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND/OR SUSTAINABILITY................................................... 75 STATEMENT OF RESERVATIONS.............................................................................