Comparative Study on Energy Demand
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3sCE417P3 Introduction of Regional Energy Concepts COMPARATIVE STUDY Energy demand analysis of nine concept regions under the framework of CENTRAL EUROPE Programme Action 3.2.2 publicity public June 2014 internet print non public This project is implemented through the CENTRAL EUROPE Programme co-financed by the ERDF The sole responsibility for the content of this publication lies with the authors. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the European Communities. The European Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein. Table of Contents Methodology ........................................................................................................................................... 4 1. General description of the current situation of the regions ............................................................... 5 1.1 Description of the Concept Regions .............................................................................................. 5 1.2 Demographic situation and development .................................................................................. 11 1.2.1 Demographic situation of the concept regions ................................................................... 11 1.2.2 Migration ............................................................................................................................. 15 1.2.3 Households .......................................................................................................................... 17 1.3 Economic situation and trends ................................................................................................... 20 1.3.1 General description of the economic situation of the concept regions .............................. 20 1.3.2 Detailed description of the industry and trade sector ........................................................ 24 1.3.3 Detailed description of the situation of the energy sector ................................................. 27 1.4 Situation of the public sector ...................................................................................................... 33 1.5 Situation of the transportation sector ........................................................................................ 36 2. Legislative situation ........................................................................................................................... 39 3. RES situation ...................................................................................................................................... 44 4. Analysis of energy demand ............................................................................................................... 50 List of references ................................................................................................................................... 78 3sCE417P3 – 3.2. Comparison of the baseline situations Introduction of Regional Energy Concepts 1 List of figures Figure 1: Population of the concept regions ......................................................................................... 11 Figure 2: Trends of population density ................................................................................................. 14 Figure 3: General government output (% of GDP) ................................................................................ 33 Figure 4: Total energy demand of the concept regions ........................................................................ 55 Figure 5: Total energy demand and GDP (current market prices) of the concept regions ................... 56 Figure 6: Energy demand per capita in the concept regions (MWh) .................................................... 57 Figure 7: Energy demand per capita and GDP per capita of the concept regions ................................ 58 Figure 8: Total energy demand of the concept regions by types (MWh) ............................................. 59 Figure 9: Total energy demand of the NUTS 2 concept regions (MWh) by sectors (%) ........................ 61 Figure 10: Total energy demand of the NUTS 3 concept regions (MWh) by sectors (%) ...................... 62 Figure 11: Energy demand per capita by sectors in the concept regions ............................................. 64 Figure 12: Renewable energy demand of the households per capita in the concept regions .............. 65 Figure 13: Renewable energy demand of the public sector per capita in the concept regions ........... 66 Figure 14: Renewable energy demand of the economic sector per capita in the concept regions ..... 67 Figure 15: Renewable energy demand of the transport sector per capita in the concept regions ...... 68 Figure 16: Total energy demand of the concept regions divided by type of demand .......................... 69 Figure 17: RES demand per capita and GDP per capita of the concept regions ................................... 71 Figure 18: Share of RES demand of the total energy demand and GDP per capita of the concept regions ................................................................................................................................................... 72 Figure 19: Share of RES and other source of energy in the total energy demand, 2011 ...................... 73 Figure 20: Renewable energy demand of the concept regions (MWh) by source of renewable energy (%) .......................................................................................................................................................... 74 Figure 21: Share of district heating in the concept regions .................................................................. 76 3sCE417P3 – 3.2. Comparison of the baseline situations Introduction of Regional Energy Concepts 2 List of tables Table 1: Area of the concept regions in square kilometre, 2012 ............................................................ 7 Table 2: Trends of population density ................................................................................................... 13 Table 3: Gross domestic product (GDP) at current market prices by concept regions ......................... 20 Table 4: Enterprises in Südburgenland by line of business ................................................................... 25 Table 5: Share of energy from renewable sources (in % of gross final energy consumption) .............. 44 Table 6: Increase in the share of energy from renewable sources (in % of gross final energy consumption) between 2004 and 2012 in percentage points .............................................................. 46 Table 7: Total energy demand of the concept regions by types ........................................................... 60 Table 8: Total energy demand of Friuli-Venezia Giulia Region by sectors ............................................ 62 Table 9: Total energy demand of the NUTS 3 regions by sectors ......................................................... 63 Table 10: Data on the concept regions’ energy consumption in MWh ................................................ 64 Table 11: Energy demand per capita by sectors in the concept regions .............................................. 65 Table 12: Renewable energy demand of the households in the concept regions in MWh .................. 66 Table 13: Renewable energy demand of the public sector in the concept regions .............................. 67 Table 14: Renewable energy demand of the economic sector in the concept regions ........................ 68 Table 15: Total energy demand of the concept regions divided by type of demand ........................... 70 Table 16: Data on the GDP, population, and the energy demand of the concept regions ................... 71 Table 17: Renewable energy demand of the concept regions (MWh) by source of renewable energy (%) .......................................................................................................................................................... 75 Table 18: District heating systems in the countries of the concept regions (national level) ................ 76 3sCE417P3 – 3.2. Comparison of the baseline situations Introduction of Regional Energy Concepts 3 Methodology The aim of the comparative study is to provide a complex and comprehensive report for the future investors and local governments on the energy demand in general. At the initial phase, the project partners collected data on energy demand for each concept region. Questionnaires were sent to the relevant stakeholders in each concept region and the received information was integrated into separate studies. However, in certain cases, the collected territorial data on energy consumption (including electricity, gas, and heat) were not entirely sufficient for a regional comprehensive analysis. Thus, following the first phase, information was gathered through additional channels, such as the Eurostat and the different national statistical offices of the concept regions. Other sources were also used, which are referred in the study. Furthermore, residential energy demand can be deeply analysed using top-down approach. In case of the analysed regions, it is very difficult to provide particular data for industrial-commercial and public sectors since the existing databases do not operate with these kinds of categories. Therefore, top-down investigation can provide a detailed overview of non-residential demand but in order to understand the differences among the sectors, data