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Acari: Syringophilidae: Picobiinae) Parasitising Puffbirds (Aves: Piciformes)

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Acari: Syringophilidae: Picobiinae) Parasitising Puffbirds (Aves: Piciformes) FOLIA PARASITOLOGICA 59 [3]: 229–236, 2012 © Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre ASCR ISSN 0015-5683 (print), ISSN 1803-6465 (online) http://folia.paru.cas.cz/ New genus and three new species of quill mites (Acari: Syringophilidae: Picobiinae) parasitising puffbirds (Aves: Piciformes) Maciej Skoracki, Katarzyna Scibek and Bozena Sikora Department of Animal Morphology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61–614 Poznan, Poland Abstract: Three new species, belonging to the newly proposed genus Pseudopicobia gen. n., inhabiting body quill feathers of puff- birds (Piciformes: Bucconidae), are described: P. nonnula sp. n. from Nonnula frontalis (Sclater) in Colombia, P. malacoptila sp. n. from Malacoptila panamensis Lafresnaye in Colombia and P. hapaloptila sp. n. from Hapaloptila castanea (Verreaux) in Ecuador. The new genus differs from morphologically similar genus Picobia Heller, 1878 by the absence of the genital setae, absence of the genital lobes, solenidia φI represented by microsetae, and by the presence of setiform solenidia σI. Syringophilid mites are recorded from birds of this family for the first time. Keywords: Acari, Pseudopicobia, new genus, ectoparasites, birds, Bucconidae The quill mites of the family Syringophilidae (Acari: most diverse genus Picobia Haller, 1878 includes 19 Prostigmata: Cheyletoidea) are diverse group of perma- species found on Passeriformes, Piciformes, and Upu- nent and highly specialized ectoparasites of birds inhabit- piformes. Ten species of the genus Neopicobia Skoracki, ing the feather quills. They live and reproduce inside the 2011 are associated with bird orders Passeriformes, Psit- flight and body feathers feeding on the soft tissue fluids taciformes, Piciformes, and Columbiformes (Casto 1977, of their hosts by piercing the calamus wall with their long Kivganov and Sharafat 1995, Skoracki 2011). The mono- and flexible chelicerae (Kethley 1971). Transmission of typic genus Rafapicobia Skoracki, 2011 is known only these mites is mainly vertical, from parents to their off- from passerines. All members of the subfamily Picobii- spring, but occasionally horizontal transfer, from one nae occupy exclusively body feathers, except enigmatic adult host to another, is also possible (Nattress 2011). Al- species Calamincola lobatus Casto, 1977 collected from though we have little data on the pathogenicity of these various flight feathers of Crotophaga sulcirostris Swain- mites and their negative impact on condition of birds, son (Casto 1977). some authors suggest that they may play a role as poten- In the current study we propose a new genus of sy- tial enzootic vectors for pathogens (Skoracki et al. 2006). ringophilid mites to accommodate three new species that Syringophilids are mono- or oligoxenous parasites were collected from quill feathers of birds belonging to associated with birds of different orders throughout the the family Bucconidae (Aves: Piciformes). world. To date this family includes more than 269 spe- cies in 53 genera recorded from more than 180 bird spe- MATERIALS AND METHODS cies belonging to 69 families of 21 orders (Skoracki and Specimen collection and preparation. The mite materials O’Connor 2010, Skoracki 2011, Skoracki et al. 2011, used in the present study were collected in the ornithological 2012). collection of the Bavarian State Collection of Zoology, Mu- The subfamily Picobiinae Johnson et Kethley, 1975 is nich, Germany (ZSM) from dry bird skins. Before mounting, a taxonomically diverse group as it was estimated based mites were softened and cleared in Nessbitt Solution at 60 °C on the number of their potential host species (Johnston for 1–2 hours. For light microscope study mites were mounted and Kethley 1973). To date, it comprises only 35 spe- on slides in Faure medium and investigated under the light mi- cies grouped in five genera. Members of this subfamily croscope Olympus BH-2 with differential interference contrast (DIC) illumination. Drawings were made using a drawing at- inhabit a wide spectrum of avian hosts. The monotypic tachment. All measurements are given in micrometres. Meas- genus Calamincola Casto, 1977 is known from cuculi- urements (ranges) of paratypes are given in brackets following form birds. Five species of Columbiphilus Kivganov et data of holotype. Sharafat, 1995 were collected from birds of the orders Terminology. The idiosomal setation follows Grandjean Columbiformes, Galliformes, and Pteroclidiformes. The (1939) as adapted for Prostigmata by Kethley (1990). Nomen- Address for correspondence: M. Skoracki, Department of Animal Morphology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61–614 Poznan, Poland. Phone +48 61829 5684; Fax: +48 61829 5687; E–mail: [email protected] 229 clature of leg chaetotaxy follows that proposed by Grandjean the propodonotal shield is divided longitudinally, form- (1944). The application of these chaetotactic schemes to Sy- ing two narrow shields bearing bases of setae ve, si and ringophilidae was recently provided by Bochkov et al. (2008). se; the hysteronotal shield is absent; setae 1a–1a are coa- Morphological terminology follows Skoracki (2011). The scien- lesced; the apodemes I are parallel and with thorn-like tific names of the birds follow Clements (2007). protuberances in middle part; the legs have a full com- Abbreviations. Specimen depositories and reference plement of solenidia. Females of this new genus differ numbers are cited using the following abbreviations: AMU – A. Mickiewicz University, Department of Animal Morphol- from females of Picobia by the following characters: in ogy, Poznan, Poland; IPCAS – Institute of Parasitology, Biol- females of Pseudopicobia gen. n., genital setae are ab- ogy Centre of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, sent; genital lobes are absent; differentiation between České Budějovice, Czech Republic; ZSM – Bavarian State Col- physogastric form and non-physogastric form is difficult; lection of Zoology, Munich, Germany; ZISP – Zoological Insti- solenidia φI are represented by microsetae, solenidia σI tute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia. are setiform. In females of Picobia, a pair of genital setae is present, genital lobes are present, physogastric forms RESULTS are vermiform in outline and are about 2–3 longer than Family: Syringophilidae Lavoipierre, 1953 non-physogastric form; solenidia φI are not reduced to Subfamily: Picobiinae Johnston et Kethley, 1973 minute structures, solenidia σI are bulb-like. Genus: Pseudopicobia gen. n. Habitat, host range and distribution. Mites of this Type species: Pseudopicobia nonnula sp. n. genus inhabit quills of body feathers and are associated with puffbirds (Piciformes: Bucconidae) in the Neotropi- Diagnosis cal region. Female. Medium to large-sized syringophilids (total body length 485–845). Gnathosoma: Hypostomal apex Pseudopicobia nonnula sp. n. Figs. 1–13 rounded. Lateral hypostomal teeth absent. Peritremes M-shaped, with clearly visible chambers in each branch. Female, holotype. Total body length 700 (605–680 Movable cheliceral digits edentate. Stylophore rounded in four paratypes). Gnathosoma: Infracapitulum sparsely posteriorly. Idiosoma: Dorsal propodonotal setae beaded. punctate. Movable cheliceral digit 115 (115) long. Each Six pairs of propodonotal setae present, arranged 2–1–1–2. medial branch of peritremes with 3–4 chambers, each Propodonotal shield divided longitudinally, forming two lateral branch with 5–6 chambers. Stylophore 160 (155– narrow shields bearing bases of setae ve, si and se; un- 165) long. Idiosoma: Two narrow propodonotal shields paired shield between these shields absent. Hysteronotal sparsely punctate near bases of setae si. Length ratio of shield absent. Hysteronotal setae long. Setae d1 situated setae vi : ve : si 1 : 1.1–1.3 : 1.2–1.4. Bases of setae vi closer to e2 than to d2 or located equidistant between d2 situated posterior to level of setae ve. Setae vi, ve and and e2. Pygidial shield present or absent. Terminal setae si lightly beaded, other idiosomal setae smooth. Setae f1, f2 short, setae h2 long. Bases of setae 1a–1a coalesced, se situated posterior to level of setae c1. Hysteronotal 3a–3a not coalesced. Pseudanal series represented by two shield absent. Setae d2 slightly (1.1–1.2 times) longer pairs of setae. Genital setae absent. Aggenital series with than d1 and e2. Pygidial shield present. Setae f2 1.6–1.8 three pairs of setae. Aggenital plate absent. Genital plate times longer than f1. Setae h1 2–3.5 times longer than present. Genital lobes absent. Legs: Legs I and II thicker f1. Aggenital setae ag1 situated anterior to level of setae than III and IV. Apodemes I parallel with thorn-like protu- ag2. Length ratio of setae ag1 : ag2 : ag3 1.9–2 : 1 : 2.2. berances in middle part. Legs with full complement of so- Genital plate present. Both pairs of pseudanal setae sub- lenidia, solenidia φI represented by microsetae, solenidia equal in length or setae ps2 slightly longer than ps1. All σI setiform. Antaxial and paraxial members of claw pair coxal fields well sclerotized, I densely punctate, II sparse- of legs III and IV unequal in size and shape. ly punctate, III and IV apunctate. Setae 3c about twice Male. Features as in females except: small-sized mites as long as 3b. Legs: Setae l’RIII reach to tarsus. Setae (total body length 300); hypostomal apex rounded; pro- tc’ and tc” of legs III and IV subequal in length. Lengths podonotal setae arranged 2–1–1–2; hysteronotal shield of setae: vi 130 (100–115), ve (120–130), si 155 (120– present, not fused to pygidial shield; hysteronotal setae 145), se 200 (180–195), c1 220 (180–205), c2 (150–160), d2 long; setae d1 and e2 short; pseudanal series repre- d1 140 (150–155), d2 170 (160–165), e2 130 (125–140), sented by two pairs of setae; genital series with two pairs f1 50 (50–55), f2 80 (80–90), h1 140 (110–170), h2 (335), of setae; aggenital series with two pairs of setae. ag1 130 (125), ag2 65 (65), ag3 140 (140–145), ps1 20 (20), ps2 (20–30), tc’III–IV and tc”III–IV (50–60), l’RIII E t y m o l o g y : The name of the new genus reflects its resem- 60 (60–70), l’RIV (45), 3b 50 (45–50), 3c 100 (90–100).
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