DOCSLIB.ORG

Strains, Sprains, and Fractures

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Strains, Sprains, and Fractures healthy living Strains, Sprains, and Fractures Most minor strains and sprains Home treatment for pain can be treated at home, but severe and swelling sprains and fractures need profes- If the injury is to a muscle, liga- sional care. Apply home treatment ment, tendon, or bone, treatment while you wait to see your medical is a two-part process: professional. 1. RICE (rest, ice, compression, You may have a severe sprain or a elevation) to treat the acute pain broken bone if: or injury • The injured area is visibly 2. MSA (movement, strength, swollen. alternate activity) to help the injury heal completely and to • The injured area is twisted or prevent further problems. bent out of shape or a bone is poking through the skin. Begin the RICE process immediately for most injuries. If you suspect a • The injured area is black and fracture, splint the affected limb to Most minor strains and sprains blue. prevent further injury. can be treated at home, but • The pain from the injury If the injury is to a finger or part severe sprains and fractures prevents normal use of the limb, of the hand, remove all rings need professional care. such as walking. immediately. Prevention R - Rest Do not put weight on the injured • Try to keep your hands empty joint for at least 24 to 48 hours. strain is an injury caused when climbing or descending Aby overstretching a muscle. stairs. Having your hands full • Use crutches to support a badly makes it hard to react quickly sprained knee or ankle. A sprain is an injury to the and catch yourself in the event • Rest a sprained finger or toe by muscle and the ligaments, of a fall. taping it to a healthy finger or tendons, or soft tissues around • Make sure that you can always toe next to it. a joint. see where you are walking. Turn Injured muscle, ligament, or A fracture is a broken bone. on the lights and clear the walk- tendon tissue needs time and rest way of objects, such as boxes or to heal. Stress fractures need rest All three types of injuries cause furniture. for two to four months. pain and swelling. Unless a • To avoid falling, use a stepstool I - Ice broken bone is obvious, it may when reaching for high objects. Cold will reduce pain and swelling be difficult to tell if an injury Do not stand on chairs or other and promote healing. Although is a strain, sprain, or fracture. objects. heat feels nice, it may do more Rapid swelling often indicates • Ask for help with carrying heavy harm than good, since it can a more serious injury. or awkward objects. increase swelling after an injury. HEALTH EDUCATION healthy living Strains, Sprains, and Fractures Apply cold packs immediately to is controversial. Some experts the injured part is still healing, prevent or minimize swelling. You think heat will increase swelling; you can begin to phase in regular can also put ice cubes in a plastic others think it may speed heal- exercise that does not place strain bag and wrap it with a thin towel ing. If you use heat, do not on the injured part. before applying to your injury. For apply anything that is uncom- difficult-to-reach injuries, a cold fortably warm. Call Kaiser Permanente if . pack works best. • A bone is poking through the Begin the MSA process as soon as skin, or if a limb below the C - Compression the initial pain and swelling have injury is white, cold, or numb. Wrap the injury with an elastic subsided. This may be in two days (Ace) bandage or compression or up to a week or longer, • You suspect a severe sprain or sleeve to immobilize and compress depending on the location and fracture. After you have stopped the sprain. Don’t wrap it too tightly severity of the injury. Once pain weight-bearing activities, splinted because this can cause more and swelling subside, you can the injury, and applied ice, a swelling. Loosen the bandage if it slowly resume sports and activi- short delay in receiving professional gets too tight. A tightly wrapped ties. Any increased pain may be care will not affect the outcome. sprain may fool you into thinking a sign that you need to rest a • A sprained joint is very unstable, you can keep using the joint. while longer. won’t support your weight, or With or without a wrap, the joint wobbles from side to side. needs total rest for one to two days. M - Movement • You cannot bear weight on a E - Elevation After one to two days of rest, sprained ankle after 24 hours, or begin moving the joint. Move Elevate the injured area on pillows if it hurts to bear weight after your joint gently through its full while you apply ice and anytime three days. range of motion. If an activity you are sitting or lying down. causes pain, stop and give the • Pain is still severe after two days Try to keep the injury at or above joint more rest. Gentle stretching of home treatment. the level of your heart to minimize will prevent scar tissue (formed as • A sprain does not improve after swelling. the injury heals) from limiting four days of home treatment. • Aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, or movement later. Orudis may help ease inflam- mation and pain. Do not use S - Strength Other resources drugs to mask the pain while Once the swelling is gone and • Connect to our Web site at kp.org you continue to use the injured range of motion is restored, begin to access health and drug ency- joint. Do not give aspirin to clopedias, interactive programs, gradual efforts to strengthen the health classes, and much more. children or teens under age 20. injured area. This may require Review aspirin guidelines. • Contact your Kaiser Permanente specific exercises. Health Education Center or • The use of heat (hot water Department for health information, bottle, warm towel, heating pad) A - Alternate activities programs, and other resources. after 48 hours of cold treatments After the first few days, but while This information is not intended to diagnose health problems or to take the place of medical advice or care you receive from your physician or other health care professional. If you have persistent health problems, or if you have additional questions, please consult with your doctor. If you have questions or need more information about your medication, please speak to your pharmacist. Kaiser Permanente does not endorse the medications or products mentioned. Any trade names listed are for easy identification only. © 2008, The Permanente Medical Group, Inc. All rights reserved. Regional Health Education. 011061-199 (Revised 11-10) RL 7.2.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Shoulder Sprain a Sprain Is a Stretch And/Or Tear of a Ligament, a Strong Band of Connective Tissue That Connect the End of One Bone with Another
    INDUSTRYADVANTAGE THERAPY UPDATE April 2016 A Courtesy Publication for the Monett area HR/Safety Community Sprains & Strains: What’s the difference? Does seeing the term “shoulder injury” at a glance make you cringe? In the work comp world, shoulder injuries can turn into costly claims involving surgery and long-term rehabilitation. Often times, shoulder injuries begin as sprains or strains and can be treated with conservative, non-operative treatment. In this month’s Industry Update, we’ll review sprains and strains as well as other factors that can contribute to shoulder injuries in the workplace. Shoulder Sprain A sprain is a stretch and/or tear of a ligament, a strong band of connective tissue that connect the end of one bone with another. In the shoulder complex, common sprains involve the supporting ligaments of the joint between the end of the collar bone and the shoulder blade - the acromioclavicular (AC) joint. Shoulder sprains can occur during repetitive reaching or lifting activities, or with falls onto the shoulder. Treatment for mild sprains includes RICE (Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation) and exercises to improve muscle balance, preserve joint mobility, and provide support for ligaments. Shoulder Strain A strain is an injury to a muscle and/or tendons. Tendons are fibrous cords of tissue that attach muscles to the bone. Typical symptoms of a strain include pain, muscle spasm, muscle weakness, swelling, inflammation, and cramping. Strains are common when a pushed, pulled, or lifted object suddenly gives way. They can also be wear-and- tear injuries or a result from reaching out during a fall.
    [Show full text]
  • The 7 Step Shin Splints Treatment System
    The Step SShhiinn SSpplliinnttss Treatment System By Brad Walker TM The 7 Step Shin Splints Treatment System Fix Your Shin Splints Once and For All and get back to Pain Free Running Quickly and Safely. Walker, Bradley E., 1971 7 Step Shin Splints Treatment System™ Copyright © 2012 The Stretching Institute™ All rights reserved. Except under conditions described in the copyright act, no part of this publication may in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, micro copying, photocopying, recording or otherwise) be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted without prior written permission from the copyright owner. Inquires should be addressed to the publisher. Disclaimers The exercises presented in this publication are intended as an educational resource and are not intended as a substitute for proper medical advice. Please consult your physician, physical therapist or sports coach before performing any of the exercises described in this publication, particularly if you are pregnant, elderly or have any chronic or recurring muscle or joint pain. Discontinue any exercise that causes you pain or severe discomfort and consult a medical expert. Cover picture/s supplied by iStockphoto. The Stretching Institute has purchased the non-exclusive, non-transferable, non-sub licensable right to reproduce the cover picture/s an unlimited number of times in online and electronic publications, and web advertisements. Exercise graphics used with permission from the Physigraphe V2 Pro Clip Art CD-ROM available at ExRx.net. Copyright
    [Show full text]
  • Shoulder Conditions Diagnosis and Treatment Guideline
    Shoulder Conditions Diagnosis and Treatment Guideline TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Review Criteria for Shoulder Surgery II. Introduction III. Establishing Work-Relatedness A. Shoulder Conditions as Industrial Injuries B. Shoulder Conditions as Occupational Diseases IV. Making the Diagnosis A. History and Clinical Exam B. Diagnostic Imaging V. Treatment A. Conservative Treatment B. Surgical Treatment VI. Specific Conditions A. Rotator Cuff Tears B. Subacromial Impingement Syndrome without a Rotator Cuff Tear C. Calcific tendonitis D. Labral tears including superior labral anterior-posterior (SLAP) tears E. Acromioclavicular dislocation F. Acromioclavicular arthritis G. Glenohumeral dislocation H. Tendon rupture or tendinopathy of the long head of the biceps I. Glenohumeral arthritis and arthropathy J. Manipulation under anesthesia K. Diagnostic arthroscopy VII. Post-operative Treatment and Return to Work VIII. Specific Shoulder Tests IX. Functional Disability Scales for Shoulder Conditions X. References 1 Hyperlink update September 2016 I. REVIEW CRITERIA FOR SHOULDER SURGERY Criteria for Shoulder Surgery A request may be AND this has been done If the patient has AND the diagnosis is supported by these clinical findings: appropriate for (if recommended) Surgical Procedure Diagnosis Subjective Objective Imaging Non-operative care Rotator cuff tear repair Acute full-thickness Report of an acute Patient will usually have Conventional x-rays, AP and May be offered but not rotator cuff tear traumatic injury within 3 weakness with one or true lateral or axillary view required Note: The use of allografts months of seeking care more of the following: and xenografts in rotator Forward elevation AND cuff tear repair is not AND Internal/external MRI, ultrasound or x-ray covered.
    [Show full text]
  • Elbow Rehab UCL Sprain Non Operative.Pages
    Conservative Treatment Following Ulnar Collateral Ligament Sprains Of the Elbow Phase I Immediate Motion Phase Post-Injury days 0 - 7 Goals 1. Increase ROM 2. Promote healing of ulnar collateral ligament 3. Retard muscular atrophy 4. Decrease pain and inflammation 5. 1 week post-injury initiate cardiovascular conditioning program with modifications for injury per the ClevelandIndians Physical Development Program (start at Week 1 in manual) Activities 1. Brace (optional) - non-painful ROM (20 →90 degrees) 2. AAROM, PROM elbow, wrist and shoulder (non-painful ROM and no shoulder ER stretching) 3. Initiate Isometrics - wrist and elbow musculature, gripping exercises 4. Ice, compression 5. Initiate shoulder strengthening ( no internal rotation ) - CAUTION: avoid stressing medial elbow Phase II Intermediate Phase Post-Injury Weeks 2 - 4 Goals 1. Increase ROM 2. Improve strength and endurance 3. Decrease pain and inflammation 4. Promote stability 5. 2 weeks post-injury initiate upper/lower body strength program with modifications for injury per the Cleveland Indians Physical Development Program (start at Week 1 in manual) Criteria to Progress to Phase II 1. No Swelling 2. Acute pain is diminished Activities 1. ROM exercises - gradual increase in motion ( 0 → 135 degrees) • 5 degrees of extension, 10 degrees of flexion 2. Initiate isotonic exercises • wrist curls • wrist extension • pronation/supination • biceps/triceps 3. Advance shoulder strengthening • external rotation • internal rotation (Week 3) • supraspinatus 4. Ice, compression Phase III Advanced Strengthening phase Post-Injury Weeks 5 - 6 Criteria to progress to Phase III 1. Full AROM 2. No pain or tenderness 3. No increase in laxity 4. Strength 4/5 in the elbow flexors/extensors Goals 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Bone Edema After Ankle Sprain and Update
    ISSN: 2574-1241 DOI: 10.26717/BJSTR.2019.13.002435 M Ballester. Biomed J Sci & Tech Res Mini Review Open Access Bone Edema After Ankle Sprain and Update M Ballester*1, G Lucar1 and Shahdad Saeedi2 1Consorci Sanitari del Maresme Hospital de Mataró, Barcelona, Spain 2MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, US Received: January 23, 2019; Published: January 25, 2019 *Corresponding author: M Ballester, Consorci Sanitari del Maresme Hospital de Mataró, Barcelona, Spain Mini Review sustaining an ankle sprain is made on a T2-weighted image which Acute ankle sprains are one of the most common musculoskeletal shows increased signal intensity and decreased signal intensity injuries. Studies in both the United States and European countries on a T1-weighted image. The location and pattern of the osseous have shown that 30% of all athletic injuries involve ankle sprains injury has been studied by Labovitz being most frequently found in [1]. Patients often present to their primary care physician or the medial talar dome. emergency department from the lateral ankle pain and instability With appropriate treatment following an ankle sprain the that at 1-year follow-up after conservative treatment, 5% to 33% clinical prognosis of bone edema is usually favorable. The initial after a plantarflexion inversion injury. A systematic review showed treatment algorithm after an ankle sprain can be superior to making the patient non-weightbearing and allowing them to bear weight of the patients still experience pain and instability, 34% of patients incomplete recovery from their initial injury [2]. It is critical for us to reduce joint stiffness. The actual evidence does not show that reported at least one recurrent sprain and 15% to 64% reported bone marrow edema after an ankle sprain is a prognostic factor for lateral ankle sprain such as peroneal tendon tears, osteochondral recovery [3].
    [Show full text]
  • Ankle Sprain, Acute
    Dr. S. Matthew Hollenbeck, MD Kansas Orthopaedic Center, PA 7550 West Village Circle, Wichita, KS 67205 2450 N Woodlawn, Wichita, KS 67220 Phone: (316) 838-2020 Fax : (316) 838-7574 ANKLE SPRAIN, ACUTE Description An acute ankle sprain involves the stretching and tearing of one or more ligaments in the ankle. A two-ligament sprain causes more disability than a single-ligament sprain. Sprains are classified into three grades: In a first-degree sprain, the ligament is not stretched or lengthened but is painful. With a second- degree sprain, the ligament is stretched but still functions. With a third-degree sprain, the ligament is torn and does not function. Lateral ankle sprains: There are three ligaments of the outer (lateral) ankle. These are the most common sprains. Medial ankle sprains: There is one large triangular ligament of the inner (medial) ankle, which is stronger and more compact than the outer ligaments, making injuries to it less likely. Syndesmosis (“high ankle”) sprains: This is the ligament that connects the two leg bones just above the ankle. This ligament is usually injured when the sprain to the ankle is very severe. Common Signs and Symptoms Pain, tenderness, and swelling in the ankle, starting at the side of injury, that may progress to the whole ankle and foot with time Pop or tearing sensation at the time of injury Bruising that may spread to the heel Impaired ability to walk soon after injury Causes Stress on the ankle that temporarily forces or pries the ankle bone (talus) out of its normal socket Stretching
    [Show full text]
  • Ankle Sprain
    PATIENT EDUCATION Ankle Sprain What Is an Ankle Sprain? An ankle sprain is an injury to one or more ligaments in the Anterior ankle, usually on the outside of the ankle. Ligaments are talofibular ligament Posterior bands of tissue – like rubber bands – that connect one bone talofibular to another and bind the joints together. In the ankle joint, ligament ligaments provide stability by limiting side-to-side movement. Calcaneofibular ligament Some ankle sprains are much worse than others. The severity of an ankle sprain depends on whether the ligament is stretched, partially torn, or completely torn, as well as on the number of Symptoms ligaments involved. Ankle sprains are not the same as strains, The symptoms of ankle sprains may include: which affect muscles rather than ligaments. • Pain or soreness Causes • Swelling Sprained ankles often result from a fall, a sudden twist, or a blow that forces the ankle joint out of its normal position. • Bruising Ankle sprains commonly occur while participating in sports, • Difficulty walking wearing inappropriate shoes, or walking or running on an • Stiffness in the joint uneven surface. These symptoms may vary in intensity, depending on the Sometimes ankle sprains occur because a person is born with severity of the sprain. Sometimes pain and swelling are absent weak ankles. Previous ankle or foot injuries can also weaken the in people with previous ankle sprains. Instead, they may simply ankle and lead to sprains. feel the ankle is wobbly and unsteady when they walk. Even if there is no pain or swelling with a sprained ankle, treatment is crucial.
    [Show full text]
  • Knee Meniscal Cartilage Injuries
    Knee Meniscal Cartilage Injuries In the knee, there are areas of cartilage tissue which act like shock absorbers in the joint - these are called menisci. There are also areas of cartilage covering the ends of the long bones at the knee joint - these are called articular cartilages. The meniscal cartilage may become damaged or torn causing significant problems for patients. The knee joint The diagram right illustrates the knee joint. Femur Each knee joint contains an inner and outer meniscus (medial and lateral meniscus). These are thick rubber-like pads of cartilage tissue. They are C-shaped and become thinner towards the middle of the joint. The meniscal cartilages sit between the thin layer of articular cartilage which covers the bottom of the femur and the top of the tibia. Lateral Medial Meniscus Meniscus The menisci act like shock absorbers to absorb the impact of the upper leg on the lower leg. They also help to improve smooth movement and stability of the knee. Tibia When people talk about a cartilage injury to a knee, they usually mean an injury to one of the meniscal cartilages. Meniscal cartilage injuries The knee is commonly injured in sports, especially rugby, football and skiing. You may tear a meniscus by a forceful knee movement whilst you are weight bearing on the same leg. The classical injury is for a footballer to twist (rotate) the knee whilst the foot is still on the ground - for example, whilst dribbling round a defender. The meniscus may tear fully or partially. How serious the injury is depends on how much is torn and the exact site of the tear.
    [Show full text]
  • Case of Acute Concomitant Rupture of Anterior Cruciate Ligament and Patellar Tendon of Knee: Surgical Decision Making and Outcome
    Case Report Journal of Orthopaedic Case Reports 2017 May‑Jun: 7(3):5‑8 Case of Acute Concomitant Rupture of Anterior Cruciate Ligament and Patellar Tendon of Knee: Surgical Decision Making and Outcome Jithin Orville Lobo1, Joe Joseph Cherian1, Arnav Sahu1 What to Learn from this Article? To not miss concomitant ligamentous injuries in a knee and the subsequent management of these injuries. Abstract Introduction: Acute concomitant rupture of both anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and patellar tendon is a rare injury. The diagnosis of either of the injuries may be missed on clinical examination in the emergency room. A high index of suspicion is necessary when active extension is absent, and necessary investigations like ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) should be done to confirm the diagnosis. There are no fixed treatment protocols in these injuries. The options include immediate repair of patellar tendon with either simultaneous or delayed reconstruction of ACL. Case Report: We present a case of 30‑year‑old man with simultaneous ACL and patellar tendon injury sustained in a RTA, riding pillion on a bike. The mechanism of injury was a direct blow on his flexed right knee followed by landing on the ground, on his foot with a twisting valgus thrust. Following clinical examination and radiographs, MRI was done which showed complete patellar tendon mid substance rupture and ACL tear. A staged procedure was planned, and the patient was taken up for immediate patellar tendon repair. This was followed by 5 weeks of cast immobilization. After 6 weeks, the knee was mobilized and ACL reconstruction was done using hamstring graft.
    [Show full text]
  • Standard of Care: Meniscal Tears Conservative Management of the Patient with a Meniscal Tear
    Department of Rehabilitation Services Physical Therapy Standard of Care: Meniscal Tears Conservative management of the patient with a meniscal tear. ICD 9 Codes: 717.4 derangement of the lateral meniscus 717.3 derangement of the medial meniscus 836.0 lateral meniscus tear 836.1 medial meniscus tear Case Type / Diagnosis: Functional Anatomy: The menisci are semi lunar shaped cartilages on the medial and lateral sides of the knee joint. The medial meniscus is semicircular in shape and the lateral meniscus is almost a complete circle.3,10,14 The menisci are held in place firmly to the knee joint capsule by ligaments surrounding the meniscus complex. The medial meniscus is connected to the lateral meniscus anteriorly by the transverse ligament and connected to the patella by the patellomeniscal ligament (a thickening of the anterior capsule) and held in place posteriorly by the semimembranosus muscle, which can affect movement in the medial meniscus as it contracts. The anterior horn of the medial meniscus receives fibers from the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and the posterior horn receives fibers from the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL). The lateral meniscus is connected to the medial meniscus by the transverse ligament anteriorly, and to the patella by the patellomeniscal ligament. The lateral meniscus is also anchored posteriorly to the popliteus muscle and the PCL and to the medial femoral condyle via the meniscofemoral ligament. Muscular contractions of the popliteus muscle affects the movement of the lateral mensicus.11 The medial meniscus is less mobile than the lateral meniscus secondary to its attachments to the MCL, allowing 2 to 5 mm of translation; this attachment to the MCL may be a contributor to the increased incidence of medial meniscal tearing.
    [Show full text]
  • Oct 22 Morning Walton Last Speaker.Pdf
    10/20/2020 Objectives Michigan Center for Human Athletic Medicine and Performance • Understand clinical presentation, radiographic evaluation and Update On Sports Foot and Ankle Injuries management pearls and pitfalls: – Ankle sprain or Inversion related injuries – Osteochondral Lesion of Talus – High Ankle Sprains – Lisfranc Injuries – Achilles Tendon Ruptures – Stress Fractures David Walton MD Assistant Professor Orthopedic Surgery Division of Foot and Ankle University of Michigan 2 1 2 Low Ankle Sprain History • Acute inversion plantar flexion injury • Previous ankle sprains? Inversion Injuries Physical examination • Tender anterolateral ankle (Anterior talofibular ligament) ATFL 3 4 3 4 Ankle Sprain Radiology Ankle Sprain Treatment • Radiographs are Revised Ottawa Rules • Acute phase • Subacute Phase indicated • R.I.C.E. • Physical Therapy – According to Ottowa Rules • Immobilization – ROM • Bony Tenderness over Malleoli • Crutches PRN – Peroneal Strengthening • Inability to bear weight –Proprioception – Midfoot tenderness • Prophylactic bracing • MRI is not indicated acutely • 80-95% effective – ATFL tear is not indication for surgery 5 6 5 6 1 10/20/2020 Ankle Sprain Treatment When its not a just a sprain • OPERATIVE TREATMENT • Occult fractures – Only for chronic instability – Sx > 6 months • Subtalar “sprain” • Failed appropriate rehab – Restore lateral ankle • Tarsal coalition ligament stability • ATFL and CFL • Occult Syndesmotic – Anatomic Repair – injury Brostrom • Peroneal pathology – Allograft reconstruction weave if fails
    [Show full text]
  • ANKLE SPRAIN Home Exercises
    ANKLE SPRAIN Home Exercises An ankle sprain occurs when the strong ligaments that support the ankle stretch beyond their limits and tear. Ankle sprains are common injuries that occur among people of all ages. They range from mild to severe, depending on how much damage there is to the ligament(s). Most sprains are minor injuries that heal with home treatments, like rest and applying ice. However, if your ankle is very swollen and painful to walk on, or if you are having trouble putting weight on your ankle at all, be sure to see your doctor. Without proper treatment and rehabilitation, a more severe sprain can weaken your ankle—making it more likely that you will injure it again. Repeated ankle sprains can lead to long-term problems, including chronic ankle pain, arthritis, and ongoing instability. Normal anatomy of the foot and ankle An ankle sprain is an injury to one or more of the ligaments that stabilize the ankle. A twisting force to the lower leg or foot can cause a sprain. The lateral ligaments on the outside of the ankle are injured most frequently. Description Ligaments are strong, fibrous tissues that connect bones to other bones. The ligaments in the ankle help to keep the bones in proper position and stabilize the joint. Sprains can range from tiny tears in the fibers that make up the ligament to complete tears through the tissue. If there is a complete tear of the ligament, the ankle may become unstable after the initial injury phase passes. Over time, this instability can result in damage to the bones and cartilage of the ankle joint.
    [Show full text]