DOCSLIB.ORG

The Relationship Between Dntp Pool Levels and Mutagenesis in an Escherichia Coli NDP Kinase Mutant

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Relationship Between Dntp Pool Levels and Mutagenesis in an Escherichia Coli NDP Kinase Mutant The relationship between dNTP pool levels and mutagenesis in an Escherichia coli NDP kinase mutant Jared Nordman and Andrew Wright* Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111 Edited by Jonathan Beckwith, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, and approved May 6, 2008 (received for review March 27, 2008) Loss of nucleoside diphosphate kinase (Ndk) function in Escherichia The human genome contains eight Ndk paralogues, Nm23 coli results in an increased frequency of spontaneous mutation and H1–H8, which have been implicated in multiple cellular pro- an imbalance in dNTP pool levels. It is presumed that the imbalance cesses. For example, human NDP kinase (nm23-H1) was initially in dNTP pool levels is responsible for the mutator phenotype of an identified as a suppressor of tumor metastasis by using meta- E. coli ndk mutant. A human homologue of Ndk and potential static melanoma cell lines (17). Nm23-H2 has been shown to suppressor of tumor metastasis, nm23-H2, can complement the cleave DNA in a mechanism similar to that of the AP lyase family mutagenic phenotype of an E. coli ndk mutant. Here, we show that of DNA repair enzymes, and directly regulate expression of the the antimutagenic property of nm23-H2 in E. coli is independent of c-MYC oncogene (18, 19). Mutational loss of NDP kinase dNTP pool levels, indicating that dNTP pool imbalance is not function in Drosophila leads to developmental defects (20). responsible for the mutator phenotype associated with the loss of Interestingly, restoration of NDP kinase enzymatic activity is ndk function. We have identified multiple genetic interactions necessary but not sufficient to complement this mutant pheno- between ndk and genes involved in the metabolism of dUTP, a type (21). potentially mutagenic precursor of thymidine biosynthesis. We E. coli ndk mutants have an alteration in dNTP pool levels, show that loss of ndk function is synergistic with a dut-1 mutation which is thought to give rise to a weak mutator phenotype and synthetically lethal with the loss of thymidine kinase function. associated with the loss of ndk function (13). Expression of Our results suggest that Ndk prevents the accumulation of dUTP in human nm23-H2 complements the mutagenic phenotype of an vivo. Based on these results and biochemical studies of Ndk, we E. coli ndk mutant (22). Ndk has also been shown to cleave DNA MICROBIOLOGY propose that the mutagenic phenotype of an ndk mutant is caused and functionally interact with the uracil glycosylase, Ung (23, by excess misincorporation of uracil in place of thymidine com- 24). The interaction between Ndk and Ung is reported to lower bined with a defect in the uracil base excision pathway. the Km of Ung for its substrate, uracil containing DNA (23). Ung is responsible for the excision of uracil, which can be misincor- DNA replication ͉ dNTP synthesis porated in place of thymidine (25). Although dUTP is an essential precursor in the de novo synthesis of thymidine, it is n Escherichia coli the DnaA protein initiates bidirectional necessary that its concentration be kept low to prevent such IDNA replication at a unique origin of replication, oriC,ina misincorporation (26). Indeed, because of the action of the cell-cycle dependent manner (1). In addition to its role as the essential enzyme dUTPase, which converts dUTP to dUMP, the initiator of DNA replication, DnaA is a transcriptional regulator, dUTP concentration is estimated to be Ͻ1% of the total dTTP coordinately regulating the expression of numerous genes with concentration (27, 28). respect to the cell cycle (2, 3). One set of genes directly regulated In an effort to better understand the role of Ndk in DNA by the DnaA protein encodes the enzyme ribonucleotide reduc- replication and mutagenesis, we used a human nm23-H2 con- tase, known as NrdAB or RNR (4). Because reduction of struct to determine whether its antimutagenic effect was caused nucleoside diphosphates (NDPs) is the rate-limiting step in the solely by NDP kinase phosphotransferase activity. Here, we production of dNTPs, regulated expression of RNR with respect show that human nm23-H2 is able to complement the mutagenic to initiation of DNA replication ensures sufficient dNTPs will be phenotype of an E. coli ndk mutant without restoring dNTP pool produced during the replication period (5). levels. This finding provides definitive evidence that the dNTP dNTP pools are limiting for DNA replication, their levels in pool imbalance associated with loss of ndk function is not the cell being only Ϸ1% of the amount necessary for a single responsible for its mutator phenotype. Furthermore, we show round of chromosomal replication (1, 6). Furthermore, reducing that ndk genetically interacts with dut and tdk, two genes the concentration of a single dNTP can cause a decrease in the specifically involved in dUTP/dUMP metabolism, and provide rate of replication fork progression in vivo (7). Improperly evidence that increased mutagenesis in an ndk mutant is likely regulated synthesis of dNTPs by altered expression and/or occurring from misincorporaton of uracil in place of thymidine. activity of RNR in Saccharomyces cerevisiae can be mutagenic Based on these results, we propose that Ndk functions to prevent and affect cell-cycle progression (8, 9). excess dUTP accumulation in vivo and that E. coli Ndk and We have previously shown that mutations in ndk, which human Nm23-H2 possess DNA repair activities specific to uracil encodes nucleoside diphosphate kinase (Ndk), decrease the base excision repair. relative rate of replication fork progression in vivo, suggesting an important link between proper regulation of dNTP synthesis and replication fork elongation (10). NDP kinases are a broad and Author contributions: J.N. and A.W. designed research, performed research, contributed well conserved family of enzymes present in all domains of life. new reagents/analytic tools, analyzed data, and wrote the paper. In vitro, NDP kinases are capable of generating all (d)NTPs from The authors declare no conflict of interest. their corresponding (d)NDPs through a well characterized phos- This article is a PNAS Direct Submission. photransferase reaction (11). Based on the ability of NDP kinase Freely available online through the PNAS open access option. to generate all (d)NTPs in vitro it is assumed to be the major *To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected]. enzyme involved in dNTP synthesis in vivo. But NDP kinases This article contains supporting information online at www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/ from many organisms are dispensable; their loss has little or no 0802816105/DCSupplemental. effect on cell growth (12–16). © 2008 by The National Academy of Sciences of the USA www.pnas.org͞cgi͞doi͞10.1073͞pnas.0802816105 PNAS ͉ July 22, 2008 ͉ vol. 105 ͉ no. 29 ͉ 10197–10202 Downloaded by guest on September 24, 2021 initiation of DNA replication. Furthermore, we showed that loss of Ndk function results in a decreased rate of replication fork progression, which is likely responsible for the suppression of overinitiation (10). To test whether mutagenesis has a role in this novel phenotype associated with loss of Ndk function in E. coli, we introduced the pnm23-H2 plasmid into a dnaA(cos) ndk double mutant to ask whether nm23-H2 could complement the double mutant and restore cold sensitivity. As shown in Fig. 1B, the pnm23-H2 construct did not restore cold sensitivity to the dnaA(cos) ndk double mutant. This finding suggests that Nm23-H2 lacks an activity associated with E. coli Ndk function. Loss of Ndk in E. coli results in an imbalance in dNTP pool levels, which is thought to give rise to the mutator phenotype. Specifically, the level of dCTP was reported to increase Ϸ20-fold and the level of dGTP Ϸ7-fold with only modest changes in dATP and dTTP when compared with WT cells (13). However, the fluctuation in dNTP pool levels and their role in mutagenesis became unclear when it was reported that strain background differences affected dNTP pool levels, but not the frequency of Fig. 1. Human nm23-H2 does not fully complement an E. coli ndk mutant. spontaneous mutagenesis in an ndk mutant (29). Furthermore, (A) Frequency of spontaneous Rif resistance in four to seven independent mutational bias in an ndk mutant is inconsistent with the notion cultures for each strain tested. Median and interquartile ranges are presented. that changes in dNTP pool levels, specifically an increase in The median values are 2.5, 38.46, 1.38, and 2.10 for WT, ndk, ndk/pndk, and dCTP and dGTP, are responsible for mutagenesis (22). ndk/pnm23-H2, respectively. (B) Cells of a dnaA(cos) or dnaA(cos) ndk double mutant harboring the indicated plasmid were grown to log phase at 42°C, 10- To address these issues, dNTP pool levels were assayed in WT fold serially diluted, and incubated at 42°C or 30°C for 18 or 24 h, respectively. and ndk mutant cells complemented with either E. coli ndk or nm23-H2. As shown in Table 1, loss of ndk function gives rise to a modest change in dNTP pool levels, with Ϸ2- to 3-fold Results increases in dCTP, dTTP, and dGTP and a Ϸ4-fold decrease in dNTP Pool Imbalances Are Not Responsible for Increased Mutation dATP. These values are consistent with results reported by Shen Frequency in an ndk Mutant. To gain further insight into the role et al. (29) and support the notion that dNTP pool measurements of Ndk in DNA replication and mutagenesis, we fused the human are affected by strain background differences. Imbalances in ndk homologue, nm23-H2,totheE. coli ndk promoter and dNTP pool levels could be corrected by providing E.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Differential Control of Dntp Biosynthesis and Genome Integrity
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Diferential control of dNTP biosynthesis and genome integrity maintenance by the dUTPase Received: 6 November 2015 Accepted: 12 June 2017 superfamily enzymes Published online: 20 July 2017 Rita Hirmondo1, Anna Lopata1, Eva Viola Suranyi1,2, Beata G. Vertessy1,2 & Judit Toth1 dUTPase superfamily enzymes generate dUMP, the obligate precursor for de novo dTTP biosynthesis, from either dUTP (monofunctional dUTPase, Dut) or dCTP (bifunctional dCTP deaminase/dUTPase, Dcd:dut). In addition, the elimination of dUTP by these enzymes prevents harmful uracil incorporation into DNA. These two benefcial outcomes have been thought to be related. Here we determined the relationship between dTTP biosynthesis (dTTP/dCTP balance) and the prevention of DNA uracilation in a mycobacterial model that encodes both the Dut and Dcd:dut enzymes, and has no other ways to produce dUMP. We show that, in dut mutant mycobacteria, the dTTP/dCTP balance remained unchanged, but the uracil content of DNA increased in parallel with the in vitro activity-loss of Dut accompanied with a considerable increase in the mutation rate. Conversely, dcd:dut inactivation resulted in perturbed dTTP/dCTP balance and two-fold increased mutation rate, but did not increase the uracil content of DNA. Thus, unexpectedly, the regulation of dNTP balance and the prevention of DNA uracilation are decoupled and separately brought about by the Dcd:dut and Dut enzymes, respectively. Available evidence suggests that the discovered functional separation is conserved in humans and other organisms. Proper control of the intracellular concentration of deoxyribonucleoside-5-triphosphates (dNTPs), the building blocks of DNA, is critically important for efcient and high-fdelity DNA replication and genomic stability1, 2.
    [Show full text]
  • DUT (NM 001948) Human Tagged ORF Clone Product Data
    OriGene Technologies, Inc. 9620 Medical Center Drive, Ste 200 Rockville, MD 20850, US Phone: +1-888-267-4436 [email protected] EU: [email protected] CN: [email protected] Product datasheet for RC221635 DUT (NM_001948) Human Tagged ORF Clone Product data: Product Type: Expression Plasmids Product Name: DUT (NM_001948) Human Tagged ORF Clone Tag: Myc-DDK Symbol: DUT Synonyms: dUTPase Vector: pCMV6-Entry (PS100001) E. coli Selection: Kanamycin (25 ug/mL) Cell Selection: Neomycin ORF Nucleotide >RC221635 representing NM_001948 Sequence: Red=Cloning site Blue=ORF Green=Tags(s) TTTTGTAATACGACTCACTATAGGGCGGCCGGGAATTCGTCGACTGGATCCGGTACCGAGGAGATCTGCC GCCGCGATCGCC ATGCCCTGCTCTGAAGAGACACCCGCCATTTCACCCAGTAAGCGGGCCCGGCCTGCGGAGGTGGGCGGCA TGCAGCTCCGCTTTGCCCGGCTCTCCGAGCACGCCACGGCCCCCACCCGGGGCTCCGCGCGCGCCGCGGG CTACGACCTGTACAGTGCCTATGATTACACAATACCACCTATGGAGAAAGCTGTTGTGAAAACGGACATT CAGATAGCGCTCCCTTCTGGGTGTTATGGAAGAGTGGCTCCACGGTCAGGCTTGGCTGCAAAACACTTTA TTGATGTAGGAGCTGGTGTCATAGATGAAGATTATAGAGGAAATGTTGGTGTTGTACTGTTTAATTTTGG CAAAGAAAAGTTTGAAGTCAAAAAAGGTGATCGAATTGCACAGCTCATTTGCGAACGGATTTTTTATCCA GAAATAGAAGAAGTTCAAGCCTTGGATGACACCGAAAGGGGTTCAGGAGGTTTTGGTTCCACTGGAAAGA AT ACGCGTACGCGGCCGCTCGAGCAGAAACTCATCTCAGAAGAGGATCTGGCAGCAAATGATATCCTGGATT ACAAGGATGACGACGATAAGGTTTAA Protein Sequence: >RC221635 representing NM_001948 Red=Cloning site Green=Tags(s) MPCSEETPAISPSKRARPAEVGGMQLRFARLSEHATAPTRGSARAAGYDLYSAYDYTIPPMEKAVVKTDI QIALPSGCYGRVAPRSGLAAKHFIDVGAGVIDEDYRGNVGVVLFNFGKEKFEVKKGDRIAQLICERIFYP EIEEVQALDDTERGSGGFGSTGKN TRTRPLEQKLISEEDLAANDILDYKDDDDKV Chromatograms:
    [Show full text]
  • Crucial Roles of Thymidine Kinase 1 and Deoxyutpase in Incorporating the Antineoplastic Nucleosides Trifluridine and 2'-Deoxy-5-Fluorouridine Into DNA
    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 46: 2327-2334, 2015 Crucial roles of thymidine kinase 1 and deoxyUTPase in incorporating the antineoplastic nucleosides trifluridine and 2'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine into DNA KAzUKI SAKAMoTo, Tatsushi YoKogAwA, HIRoYUKI UENo, KEI ogUcHI, HIRoMI KAzUNo, KEIJI ISHIDA, NozoMU TANAKA, AKIKo oSADA, YUKARI YAMADA, HIRoYUKI oKABE and KENIcHI Matsuo Drug Discovery and Development I, Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan Received March 6, 2015; Accepted April 9, 2015 DoI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.2974 Abstract. Trifluridine (FTD) and 2'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine transported into cells by ENT1 and ENT2 and were phosphor- (FdUrd), a derivative of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), are antitumor ylated by thymidine kinase 1, which showed a higher catalytic agents that inhibit thymidylate synthase activity and their activity for FTD than for FdUrd. deoxyUTPase (DUT) did not nucleotides are incorporated into DNA. However, it is evident recognize dTTP and FTD-triphosphate (F3dTTP), whereas that several differences occur in the underlying antitumor deoxyuridine-triphosphate (dUTP) and FdUrd-triphosphate mechanisms associated with these nucleoside analogues. (FdUTP) were efficiently degraded by DUT. DNA poly- Recently, TAS-102 (composed of FTD and tipiracil hydrochlo- merase α incorporated both F3dTTP and FdUTP into DNA at ride, TPI) was shown to prolong the survival of patients with sites aligned with adenine on the opposite strand. FTD-treated colorectal cancer who received a median of 2 prior therapies, cells showed differing nuclear morphologies compared to including 5-FU. TAS-102 was recently approved for clinical FdUrd-treated cells. These findings indicate that FTD and use in Japan.
    [Show full text]
  • Electronic Reprint Phosphorylation Adjacent to the Nuclear Localization
    electronic reprint Acta Crystallographica Section D Biological Crystallography ISSN 0907-4449 Phosphorylation adjacent to the nuclear localization signal of human dUTPase abolishes nuclear import: structural and mechanistic insights Gergely Rona,´ Mary Marfori, Mat´ e´ Borsos, Ildiko´ Scheer, EnikoTak˝ acs,´ Judit Toth,´ Fruzsina Babos, Anna Magyar, Anna Erdei, Zoltan´ Bozoky,´ Laszl´ o´ Buday, Bostjan Kobe and Beata´ G. Vertessy´ Acta Cryst. (2013). D69, 2495–2505 Copyright c International Union of Crystallography Author(s) of this paper may load this reprint on their own web site or institutional repository provided that this cover page is retained. Republication of this article or its storage in electronic databases other than as specified above is not permitted without prior permission in writing from the IUCr. For further information see http://journals.iucr.org/services/authorrights.html Acta Crystallographica Section D: Biological Crystallography welcomes the submission of papers covering any aspect of structural biology, with a particular emphasis on the struc- tures of biological macromolecules and the methods used to determine them. Reports on new protein structures are particularly encouraged, as are structure–function papers that could include crystallographic binding studies, or structural analysis of mutants or other modified forms of a known protein structure. The key criterion is that such papers should present new insights into biology, chemistry or structure. Papers on crystallo- graphic methods should be oriented towards biological crystallography, and may include new approaches to any aspect of structure determination or analysis. Papers on the crys- tallization of biological molecules will be accepted providing that these focus on new methods or other features that are of general importance or applicability.
    [Show full text]
  • Regulation of Human Dutpase Gene Expression and P53-Mediated Transcriptional Repression in Response to Oxaliplatin-Induced DNA Damage Peter M
    78–95 Nucleic Acids Research, 2009, Vol. 37, No. 1 Published online 16 November 2008 doi:10.1093/nar/gkn910 Regulation of human dUTPase gene expression and p53-mediated transcriptional repression in response to oxaliplatin-induced DNA damage Peter M. Wilson1, William Fazzone1, Melissa J. LaBonte1, Heinz-Josef Lenz2 and Robert D. Ladner1,* 1Department of Pathology and 2Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA Received May 19, 2008; Revised October 28, 2008; Accepted October 29, 2008 ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Deoxyuridine triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase Deoxyuridine triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase (dUT (dUTPase) catalyzes the hydrolysis of dUTP to Pase) is the sole enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of dUMP and PPi. Although dUTP is a normal intermedi- dUTP to dUMP and pyrophosphate simultaneously pro- ate in DNA synthesis, its accumulation and misincor- viding substrate for thymidylate synthase (TS) and elim- poration into DNA is lethal. Importantly, uracil inating dUTP from the DNA biosynthetic pathway. Although dUTP is a normal intermediate in DNA synth- misincorporation is a mechanism of cytotoxicity esis, its extensive accumulation and misincorporation induced by fluoropyrimidine chemotherapeutic into DNA is lethal in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic agents including 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and elevated organisms as evidenced from knockout models (1,2). expression of dUTPase is negatively correlated Importantly, uracil misincorporation also represents with clinical response to 5-FU-therapy. In this study a major mechanism of cytotoxicity induced by the we performed the first functional characterization of TS-inhibitor class of chemotherapeutic agents including the dUTPase promoter and demonstrate a role for the fluoropyrimidines 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), fluorodeox- E2F-1 and Sp1 in driving dUTPase expression.
    [Show full text]
  • Targeting Nucleotide Metabolism Enhances the Efficacy of Anthracyclines and Anti-Metabolites in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
    www.nature.com/npjbcancer ARTICLE OPEN Targeting nucleotide metabolism enhances the efficacy of anthracyclines and anti-metabolites in triple-negative breast cancer Craig Davison1, Roisin Morelli1, Catherine Knowlson1, Melanie McKechnie1, Robbie Carson1, Xanthi Stachtea1, Kylie A. McLaughlin2, Vivien E. Prise2, Kienan Savage 1, Richard H. Wilson3, Karl A. Mulligan2, Peter M. Wilson2, Robert D. Ladner1,5 and ✉ Melissa J. LaBonte 1,4,5 Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains the most lethal breast cancer subtype with poor response rates to the current chemotherapies and a lack of additional effective treatment options. We have identified deoxyuridine 5′-triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase (dUTPase) as a critical gatekeeper that protects tumour DNA from the genotoxic misincorporation of uracil during treatment with standard chemotherapeutic agents commonly used in the FEC regimen. dUTPase catalyses the hydrolytic dephosphorylation of deoxyuridine triphosphate (dUTP) to deoxyuridine monophosphate (dUMP), providing dUMP for thymidylate synthase as part of the thymidylate biosynthesis pathway and maintaining low intracellular dUTP concentrations. This is crucial as DNA polymerase cannot distinguish between dUTP and deoxythymidylate triphosphate (dTTP), leading to dUTP misincorporation into DNA. Targeting dUTPase and inducing uracil misincorporation during the repair of DNA damage induced by fluoropyrimidines or anthracyclines represents an effective strategy to induce cell lethality. dUTPase inhibition significantly sensitised TNBC cell lines 1234567890():,; to fluoropyrimidines and anthracyclines through imbalanced nucleotide pools and increased DNA damage leading to decreased proliferation and increased cell death. These results suggest that repair of treatment-mediated DNA damage requires dUTPase to prevent uracil misincorporation and that inhibition of dUTPase is a promising strategy to enhance the efficacy of TNBC chemotherapy.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of a Key Amino Acid Position in Species- Specific Proteinaceous Dutpase Inhibition
    Article The Role of a Key Amino Acid Position in Species- Specific Proteinaceous dUTPase Inhibition András Benedek 1,2,*, Fanni Temesváry-Kis 1, Tamjidmaa Khatanbaatar 1, Ibolya Leveles 1,2, Éva Viola Surányi 1,2, Judit Eszter Szabó 1,2, Lívius Wunderlich 1 and Beáta G. Vértessy 1,2,* 1 Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, H -1111 Budapest, Szent Gellért tér 4, Hungary; [email protected] (F.T-K.); [email protected] (T.K.); [email protected] (L.W.) 2 Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Hungary; [email protected] (I.L.); [email protected] (É.V.S.); [email protected] (J.E.S.) * Correspondence: [email protected] (A.B.); [email protected] (B.G.V.) Received: 14 May 2019; Accepted: 27 May 2019; Published: 6 June 2019 Abstract: Protein inhibitors of key DNA repair enzymes play an important role in deciphering physiological pathways responsible for genome integrity, and may also be exploited in biomedical research. The staphylococcal repressor StlSaPIbov1 protein was described to be an efficient inhibitor of dUTPase homologues showing a certain degree of species-specificity. In order to provide insight into the inhibition mechanism, in the present study we investigated the interaction of StlSaPIbov1 and Escherichia coli dUTPase. Although we observed a strong interaction of these proteins, unexpectedly the E. coli dUTPase was not inhibited. Seeking a structural explanation for this phenomenon, we identified a key amino acid position where specific mutations sensitized E.
    [Show full text]
  • CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Knock-Out of Dutpase in Mice Leads to Early Embryonic Lethality
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/335422; this version posted May 31, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock-out of dUTPase in mice leads to early embryonic lethality Hajnalka Laura Pálinkás1,2*, Gergely Rácz 1,3, Zoltán Gál4, Orsolya Hoffmann4, Gergely Tihanyi1,3, Elen Gócza4*, László Hiripi4*, Beáta G. Vértessy1,3* *Corresponding authors 1Institute of Enzymology, RCNS, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary 2Doctoral School of Multidisciplinary Medical Science, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary 3Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary 4Department of Animal Biotechnology, Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, National Agricultural Research and Innovation Centre, Gödöllő, Hungary Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to Beáta G. Vértessy (email: [email protected]). Correspondence may also be addressed to Hajnalka Laura Pálinkás ([email protected]), Elen Gócza ([email protected]), and László Hiripi ([email protected]). 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/335422; this version posted May 31, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Abstract Sanitization of nucleotide pools is essential for genome maintenance. Among the enzymes significant in this mechanism, deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase (dUTPase) performs cleavage of dUTP into dUMP and inorganic pyrophosphate. By this reaction the enzyme efficiently prevents uracil incorporation into DNA and provides dUMP, the substrate for de novo thymidylate biosynthesis.
    [Show full text]
  • Disruption of Nucleocytoplasmic Trafficking As a Cellular Senescence
    www.nature.com/emm ARTICLE OPEN Disruption of nucleocytoplasmic trafficking as a cellular senescence driver Ji-Hwan Park1,14, Sung Jin Ryu2,13,14, Byung Ju Kim3,13,14, Hyun-Ji Cho3, Chi Hyun Park4, Hyo Jei Claudia Choi2, Eun-Jin Jang3, Eun Jae Yang5, Jeong-A Hwang5, Seung-Hwa Woo5, Jun Hyung Lee5, Ji Hwan Park5, Kyung-Mi Choi6, Young-Yon Kwon6, 6 7 3 3 8 9 10 5 ✉ Cheol-Koo Lee , Joon✉ Tae Park , Sung✉ Chun Cho , Yun-Il Lee , Sung✉ Bae Lee , Jeong A. Han , Kyung A. Cho , Min-Sik Kim , Daehee Hwang11 , Young-Sam Lee3,5 and Sang Chul Park3,12 © The Author(s) 2021 Senescent cells exhibit a reduced response to intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli. This diminished reaction may be explained by the disrupted transmission of nuclear signals. However, this hypothesis requires more evidence before it can be accepted as a mechanism of cellular senescence. A proteomic analysis of the cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions obtained from young and senescent cells revealed disruption of nucleocytoplasmic trafficking (NCT) as an essential feature of replicative senescence (RS) at the global level. Blocking NCT either chemically or genetically induced the acquisition of an RS-like senescence phenotype, named nuclear barrier-induced senescence (NBIS). A transcriptome analysis revealed that, among various types of cellular senescence, NBIS exhibited a gene expression pattern most similar to that of RS. Core proteomic and transcriptomic patterns common to both RS and NBIS included upregulation of the endocytosis-lysosome network and downregulation of NCT in senescent cells, patterns also observed in an aging yeast model.
    [Show full text]
  • Uorouracil Based Chemotherapy Inlocally Advanced Gastric Cancer
    A Predictive Signature for Oxaliplatin and 5- uorouracil Based Chemotherapy Inlocally Advanced Gastric Cancer Qinchuan Wang Zhejiang University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2370-6714 Xiyong Liu City of Hope National Medical Center Chen Chen Zhejiang University Jida Chen Zhejiang University Beisi Xu Saint Jude Children's Research Hospital Lini Chen Zhejiang University Jichun Zhou Zhejiang University Yasheng Huang Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Wenjun Chen Zhejiang University Rongyue Teng Zhejiang University Wenhe Zhao Zhejiang University Lidan Jin Zhejiang University Jun Shen Zhejiang University Jianguo Shen Zhejiang University Yun Yen ( [email protected] ) Linbo Wang Zhejiang University Page 1/23 Research Keywords: Locally advanced gastric cancer, adjuvant chemotherapy, overall survival, prediction, mutation Posted Date: June 12th, 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-34678/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Page 2/23 Abstract Background: Adjuvantchemotherapy(AC)plays a substantial role in the treatment of locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC), but the response remains poor. Weaims to improve its ecacy in LAGC. Methods: We identied the expression of eight genes closely associated with platinum and uorouracil metabolism (RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B, POLH, DUT, TYMS, TYMP, MKI67) in the discovery cohort (N=291). And we further validated the ndings in TCGA (N=279) and GEO. Overall survival (OS) was used as an endpoint. Univariate and multivariate Cox models were applied. A multivariate Cox regression model was simulated to predict theOS. Results: In the discovery cohort,the univariate Coxmodelindicated that AC was benecial to high-RRM1, high-DUT, low-RRM2, low-RRM2B, low-POLH, low-KI67, low-TYMS or low-TYMP patients, the results were validated in the TCGA cohort.
    [Show full text]
  • Novel Opportunities for Thymidylate Metabolism As a Therapeutic Target
    3029 Novel opportunities for thymidylate metabolism as a therapeutic target Peter M. Wilson,1 William Fazzone,1 small-molecule inhibitor to dUTPase represents a viable Melissa J. LaBonte,1 Jinxia Deng,2 strategy to improve the clinical efficacy of these mainstay Nouri Neamati,2 and Robert D. Ladner1 chemotherapeutic agents. [Mol Cancer Ther 2008; 7(9):3029–37] 1Department of Pathology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, and 2Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California Introduction The fluoropyrimidine 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is widely used in the treatment of a range of cancers, including breast Abstract cancers, and cancers of the aerodigestive and gastrointes- For over 40 years, the fluoropyrimidine 5-fluorouracil tinal tract (1). However, 5-FU has had the greatest effect (5-FU) has remained the central agent in therapeutic and is arguably the most successful drug approved to date regimens employed in the treatment of colorectal cancer for the treatment of colorectal cancer. Throughout 50 years and is frequently combined with the DNA-damaging of clinical development, the response rate of advanced agents oxaliplatin and irinotecan, increasing response colorectal cancer chemotherapy using 5-FU and 5-FU-based rates and improving overall survival. However, many combinations has improved from 10% to 15% to 40% to patients will derive little or no benefit from treatment, 50% primarily due to the introduction of efficacious combi- highlighting the need to identify novel therapeutic targets nation partners such as the topoisomerase I inhibitor to improve the efficacy of current 5-FU-based chemother- irinotecan and the platinum agent oxaliplatin and deter- apeutic strategies.
    [Show full text]
  • The Crystal Structure of Trypanosoma Cruzi Dutpase Reveals a Novel Dutp/Dudp Binding Fold
    Structure, Vol. 12, 41–53, January, 2004, 2004 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. DOI 10.1016/j.str.2003.11.016 The Crystal Structure of Trypanosoma cruzi dUTPase Reveals a Novel dUTP/dUDP Binding Fold Maria Harkiolaki,1,3 Eleanor J. Dodson,1 dUTPase whose subunits are composed primarily of Victor Bernier-Villamor,2 Johan P. Turkenburg,1 ␤-pleated sheets (Persson et al., 2001). Each active site Dolores Gonza´ lez-Pacanowska,2 and Keith S. Wilson1,* in the trimeric dUTPases lies at the interface of adjacent 1Structural Biology Laboratory subunits and is made up from five highly conserved Department of Chemistry motifs, contributed from all three subunits within a single University of York molecular unit. The mammalian herpesviral dUTPases Heslington, York YO10 5YW function as monomers (McGeoch, 1990), and possess United Kingdom the same motifs as the trimeric enzymes but in a different 2 Instituto de Parasitologı´a y Biomedicina order. No structures are available for these enzymes. In “Lo´ pez-Neyra” contrast, the dUTPases from Leishmania major, Trypa- C/Ventanilla, 11. 18001-Granada nosoma cruzi, Campylobacter jejuni, and T4 bacterio- Spain phage form a totally different sequence family and function as physiological dimers (Hidalgo-Zarco and Gonzalez-Pacanowska, 2001) which contain none of Summary the five conserved sequence motifs that form the active site of the trimeric or monomeric dUTPases (Persson et dUTPase is an essential enzyme involved with nucleo- al., 2001). More recently, sequences encoding dimeric- tide metabolism and replication. We report here the dUTPases have also been identified in the genomes X-ray structure of Trypanosoma cruzi dUTPase in its of Trypanosoma brucei (AC105378) and Microbulbifer native conformation and as a complex with dUDP.
    [Show full text]