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Proceedings of the Symposium on Research and Management of Annosus Root Disease (Heterobasidion Annosum) in Western North America

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Proceedings of the Symposium on Research and Management of Annosus Root Disease (Heterobasidion Annosum) in Western North America United States Department of Agriculture Proceedings of the Symposium Forest Service Pacific Southwest on Research and Management Forest and Range Experiment Station of Annosus Root Disease General Technical Report PSW-116 (Heterobasidion annosum) in Western North America April 18-21, 1989, Monterey, California Otrosina, William J. ; Scharpf, Robert F., technical coordinators. 1989. Proceedings of the symposium on research and management of annosus root disease (Heterobasidion annosum) in western North. America; April 18-21, 1989; Monterey, CA. Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW 116. Berkeley, CA: Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture; 177 p. The proceedings is a collection of papers presented at the Symposium on Research and Management of Annosus Root Disease (Heterobasidion annosum) in Western North America held in Monterey, California, April 18-21, 1989. As the first symposium dealing with this subject in the western United States, the papers presented address current research and management issues relating to the topics of biology, ecology, epidemiol- ogy, and genetics of Heterobasidion annosum; symptomatology, diagno- sis, disease loss, and impacts; factors affecting loss and impact; and man- agement strategies relating to survey, detection, and control, including case studies. Retrieval Terms: Heterobasidion annosum, annosus root disease, root disease biology, root disease management, symptomatology, root disease impact, root disease losses. Authors assumed full responsibility for the submission of camera-ready manuscripts. Views expressed in each paper are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the sponsoring organizations. Trade names and commercial enterprises mentioned are solely for information and do not imply endorsement of the sponsoring organizations. Publisher: Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station P.O. Box 245, Berkeley, California 94701 September 1989 Proceedings of the Symposium on Research and Management of Annosus Root Disease (Heterobasidion annosum) in Western North America April 18-21, 1989, Monterey, California William J. Otrosina and Robert F. Scharpf, Technical Coordinators CONTENTS Foreword .................................................................................................................................... iv Acknowledgments ....................................................................................................................... v History ........................................................................................................................................ 1 Annosus Root Disease in Europe and the Southeastern United States: Occurrence, Research, and Historical Perspective ................................................................................. 3 William J. Stambaugh History of Heterobasidion annosum in Western United States ....................................... 10 Richard S. Smith, Jr. Biology, Ecology and Genetics of Heterobasidion annosum ................................................. 17 Genetics and Population Structure of Heterobasidion annosum with Special Reference to Western North America ............................................................................................... 19 Thomas E. Chase Biology, Ecology, and Epidemiology of Heterobasidion annosum ................................. 26 William J. Otrosina and Fields W. Cobb, Jr. Symptoms and Diagnosis .........................................................................................................35 Symptoms and Diagnosis of Annosus Root Disease in the Intermountain Western United States ..................................................................................................... 37 James W. Byler Diagnosis of Annosus Root Disease in Mixed Conifer Forests in the Northwestern United States ................................................................................................................... 40 Craig L. Schmitt Characteristics of Annosus Root Disease in the Pacific Southwest ................................. 43 Gregg A. DeNitto Losses and Impact by Region ................................................................................................... 49 Distribution and Impacts of Annosus Root Disease in Forests of the Northern Rocky Mountains ............................................................................................................ 51 Ralph E. Williams i Heterobasidion (Fornes) Annosum Incidence in Pre-Commercially Thinned Coastal Washington Western Hemlock Stands ............................................................................57 Willis R. Littke and John E. Browning Losses Caused by Annosus Root Disease in Pacific Northwest Forests ......................... 66 Ellen Michaels Goheen and Donald J. Goheen Annosus Root Disease in True Firs in Northern and Central California National Forests ............................................................................................................... 70 G. W. Slaughter and J. R. Parmeter, Jr. The Incidence and Impact of Heterobasidion annosum on Pine and Incense-Cedar in California Forests ........................................................................................................ 78 Melissa Marosy and John R. Parmeter, Jr. Factors Affecting Loss and Impact .......................................................................................83 Impact of Precommercial Thinning on Development of Heterobasidion annosum in Western Hemlock ............................................................................................................ 85 Robert L. Edmonds, David C. Shaw, Tom Hsiang, and Charles H. Driver Factors Affecting Infection of Precommercial Thinning Stumps by Heterobasidion annosum in Coastal British Columbia ............................................................................. 95 D. J. Morrison Is Heterobasidion annosum Poorly Adapted to Incite Disease in Cool, Wet Environments? .......................................................................................................101 Charles G. Shaw, III Interactions of Root Disease and Bark Beetles ..............................................................105 George T. Ferrell and J. Richard Parmeter, Jr. Management Strategies―Survey, Detection, and Control .............................................. 109 Annosus Root Disease Hazard Rating, Detection, and Management Strategies in the Southeastern United States ...................................................................................... 111 S. A. Alexander The Lack of a Long-Term Growth Effect of Annosus Control in Southeastern United States ................................................................................................................. 117 F. H. Tainter, J. G. Williams, N. J. Hess, S. W. Oak, and D. A. Starkey A Model for Estimating Current and Future Timber Volume Loss from Stem Decay Caused by Heterobasidion annosum and Other Fungi in Stands of True Fir......123 Gregory M. Filip Simulation of Impacts of Annosus Root Disease with the Western Root Disease Model ............................................................................................................................ 129 Charles G. Shaw III, Donald J. Goheen, and Bov B. Eav Management Strategies―Case Studies ........................................................................... 141 Forest-Site Planning and Prescription for Control of Annosus Root Disease in Ponderosa Pine and Mixed Conifer Stands ................................................................... 143 John Nesbitt Prescribing Control in Mixed Conifer Stands Affected by Annosus Root Disease ....... 146 Gary Petersen Management of Westside Washington Conifer Stands Infected with Heterobasidion annosum ............................................................................................... 150 Elvira Young ii Management Strategies for Annosus Root Disease in Pacific Northwest Coastal Western Hemlock .......................................................................................................... 153 Kenelm W. Russell Borax Stump Treatment for Control of Annosus Root Disease in the Eastside Pine Type Forests of Northeastern California ....................................................................... 159 John T. Kliejunas Management of Annosus Root Disease Caused by Heterobasidion annosum in Coniferous Trees in Yosemite National Park ................................................................ 167 Lorne West Summary ................................................................................................................................. 171 A Summary of Information Needs for the Management of Heterobasidion annosum in Coniferous Forests in Western United States ........................................................... 173 William J. Otrosina and Kenelm W. Russell Poster Paper ........................................................................................................................... 175 Annosus Root Disease in Noble Fir Christmas Trees .................................................... 177 Alan Kanaskie, Gene Milbrath, and Kai Sjoblom iii FOREWORD Root diseases caused by fungi are considered the importance of this disease in our western for- by the Forest Service to be among the most damag- ests, and scientists and pest managers have accu- ing diseases of conifers in western North America. mulated a substantial body of knowledge
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