Heterobasidion Root Rot
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Why Mushrooms Have Evolved to Be So Promiscuous: Insights from Evolutionary and Ecological Patterns
fungal biology reviews 29 (2015) 167e178 journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/fbr Review Why mushrooms have evolved to be so promiscuous: Insights from evolutionary and ecological patterns Timothy Y. JAMES* Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA article info abstract Article history: Agaricomycetes, the mushrooms, are considered to have a promiscuous mating system, Received 27 May 2015 because most populations have a large number of mating types. This diversity of mating Received in revised form types ensures a high outcrossing efficiency, the probability of encountering a compatible 17 October 2015 mate when mating at random, because nearly every homokaryotic genotype is compatible Accepted 23 October 2015 with every other. Here I summarize the data from mating type surveys and genetic analysis of mating type loci and ask what evolutionary and ecological factors have promoted pro- Keywords: miscuity. Outcrossing efficiency is equally high in both bipolar and tetrapolar species Genomic conflict with a median value of 0.967 in Agaricomycetes. The sessile nature of the homokaryotic Homeodomain mycelium coupled with frequent long distance dispersal could account for selection favor- Outbreeding potential ing a high outcrossing efficiency as opportunities for choosing mates may be minimal. Pheromone receptor Consistent with a role of mating type in mediating cytoplasmic-nuclear genomic conflict, Agaricomycetes have evolved away from a haploid yeast phase towards hyphal fusions that display reciprocal nuclear migration after mating rather than cytoplasmic fusion. Importantly, the evolution of this mating behavior is precisely timed with the onset of diversification of mating type alleles at the pheromone/receptor mating type loci that are known to control reciprocal nuclear migration during mating. -
Diversity of Polyporales in the Malay Peninsular and the Application of Ganoderma Australe (Fr.) Pat
DIVERSITY OF POLYPORALES IN THE MALAY PENINSULAR AND THE APPLICATION OF GANODERMA AUSTRALE (FR.) PAT. IN BIOPULPING OF EMPTY FRUIT BUNCHES OF ELAEIS GUINEENSIS MOHAMAD HASNUL BIN BOLHASSAN FACULTY OF SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF MALAYA KUALA LUMPUR 2013 DIVERSITY OF POLYPORALES IN THE MALAY PENINSULAR AND THE APPLICATION OF GANODERMA AUSTRALE (FR.) PAT. IN BIOPULPING OF EMPTY FRUIT BUNCHES OF ELAEIS GUINEENSIS MOHAMAD HASNUL BIN BOLHASSAN THESIS SUBMITTED IN FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY INSTITUTE OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES FACULTY OF SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF MALAYA KUALA LUMPUR 2013 UNIVERSITI MALAYA ORIGINAL LITERARY WORK DECLARATION Name of Candidate: MOHAMAD HASNUL BIN BOLHASSAN (I.C No: 830416-13-5439) Registration/Matric No: SHC080030 Name of Degree: DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Title of Project Paper/Research Report/Disertation/Thesis (“this Work”): DIVERSITY OF POLYPORALES IN THE MALAY PENINSULAR AND THE APPLICATION OF GANODERMA AUSTRALE (FR.) PAT. IN BIOPULPING OF EMPTY FRUIT BUNCHES OF ELAEIS GUINEENSIS. Field of Study: MUSHROOM DIVERSITY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY I do solemnly and sincerely declare that: 1) I am the sole author/writer of this work; 2) This Work is original; 3) Any use of any work in which copyright exists was done by way of fair dealing and for permitted purposes and any excerpt or extract from, or reference to or reproduction of any copyright work has been disclosed expressly and sufficiently and the title of the Work and its authorship have been acknowledge in this Work; 4) I do not have any actual -
Article Extensive Trans-Specific Polymorphism at the Mating Type
Extensive Trans-Specific Polymorphism at the Mating Type Locus of the Root Decay Fungus Heterobasidion Linda T.A. van Diepen,y,z,1 A˚ke Olson,y,2 Katarina Ihrmark,2 Jan Stenlid,*,2 and Timothy Y. James*,1 1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan 2Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden zPresent address: Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH yThese authors contributed equally to this work. *Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]. Associate editor: Naoki Takebayashi The sequence data reported in this article have been submitted in the GenBank (accession nos. KF280347–KF280390). The coding DNA sequence alignments used for this study have been deposited in the Dryad Repository under http://dx.doi.org/10.5061/dryad. r7nt4. Abstract Downloaded from Incompatibility systems in which individuals bearing identical alleles reject each other favor the maintenance of a diversity of alleles. Mushroom mating type loci (MAT) encode for dozens or hundreds of incompatibility alleles whose loss from the population is greatly restricted through negative frequency selection, leading to a system of alleles with highly divergent sequences. Here, we use DNA sequences of homeodomain (HD) encoding genes at the locus of five MAT http://mbe.oxfordjournals.org/ closely related species of the root rot basidiomycete Heterobasidion annosum sensu lato to show that the extended coalescence time of MAT alleles greatly predates speciation in the group, contrasting loci outside of MAT that show allele divergences largely consistent with the species phylogeny with those of MAT, which show rampant trans-species poly- morphism. -
Infection and Growth of Heterobasidion Spp. in Picea Abies
INFECTION AND GROWTH OF HETEROBASIDION SPP. IN PICEA ABIES CONTROL BY PHLEBIOPSIS GIGANTEA STUMP TREATMENT Mattias Berglund Faculty of Forest Science Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre Alnarp Doctoral thesis Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Alnarp 2005 Acta Universitatis Agriculturae Sueciae 2005: 36 ISSN 1652-6880 ISBN 91-576-7035-8 © 2005 Mattias Berglund, Alnarp Tryck: SLU Service/Repro, Alnarp 2005 Abstract Berglund, M. 2005. Infection and growth of Heterobasidion spp. in Picea abies – Control by Phlebiopsis gigantea stump treatment. Doctor’s dissertation. ISSN 1652-6880, ISBN 91-576-7035-8. In economical terms, species of Heterobasidion are among the most severe fungal pests in coniferous forests of the northern hemisphere. The fungi cause interior decay in the stem of trees and trees may also die as a cause of infection. Two species of Heterobasidion have been identified in Sweden, Heterobasidion annosum s.s. (Fr.) Bref. and Heterobasidion parviporum Niemelä & Korhonen. The former has been identified from southern to central Sweden whereas the latter is present throughout the whole country. Stump treatment, using chemical or biological treatment agents, is the most widely used silvicultural method to prevent infection by Heterobasidion. This thesis mainly focuses on different aspects of biological stump treatment using Phlebiopsis gigantea (Fr.) Jül. The effectiveness of stump treatment against air-borne Heterobasidion spores with P. gigantea, when applied at different rates of stump coverage was investigated in southern Sweden. The results showed that, in order to achieve the best control, the aim should be to cover the complete stump surface with the treatment agent. In another field experiment in southern Sweden the effectiveness of Finish and Swedish strains of P. -
Panellus Stipticus
VOLUME 55: 5 SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER 2015 www.namyco.org Regional Trustee Nominations Every year, on a rotating basis, four Regional Trustee positions are due for nomination and election by NAMA members in their respective region. The following regions have openings for three-year terms to begin in 2016: Appalachian, Boreal, Great Lakes, and Rocky Mountain. The affiliated clubs for each region are listed below; those without a club affiliation are members of the region where they live. Members of each region may nominate them- selves or another person in that region. Nominations close on October 31, 2015. Appalachian Cumberland Mycological Society Mushroom Club of Georgia North Alabama Mushroom Society South Carolina Upstate Mycological Society West Virginia Mushroom Club Western Pennsylvania Mushroom Club Boreal Alberta Mycological Society Foray Newfoundland & Labrador Great Lakes Hoosier Mushroom Society Illinois Mycological Association Michigan Mushroom Hunters Club Minnesota Mycological Society Mycological Society of Toronto Four Corners Mushroom Club Ohio Mushroom Society Mushroom Society of Utah Wisconsin Mycological Society New Mexico Mycological Society Rocky Mountains North Idaho Mycological Association Arizona Mushroom Club Pikes Peak Mycological Society Colorado Mycological Society Southern Idaho Mycological Association SW Montana Mycological Association Please send the information outlined on the form below to Adele Mehta by email: [email protected], or by mail: 4917 W. Old Shakopee Road, Bloomington, MN 55437. Regional -
A New Species of Bondarzewia from India
Turkish Journal of Botany Turk J Bot (2015) 39: 128-133 http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/botany/ © TÜBİTAK Research Article doi:10.3906/bot-1402-82 A new species of Bondarzewia from India 1, 1 2 Kanad DAS *, Arvind PARIHAR , Manoj Emanuel HEMBROM 1 Botanical Survey of India, Cryptogamic Unit, P. O. B. Garden, Howrah, India 2 Botanical Survey of India, Central National Herbarium, P. O. B. Garden, Howrah, India Received: 25.02.2014 Accepted: 18.07.2014 Published Online: 02.01.2015 Printed: 30.01.2015 Abstract: Bondarzewia zonata, collected from North Sikkim, is proposed here as new to science. It is characterized by basidiomata with strong zonate pilei, thin context turning persistent dark red with guaiacol, comparatively small spores with narrow ornamented ridges, and an absence of cystidioles. A detailed description coupled with macro- and micromorphological illustrations of this species is provided. Its relation to the allied species is discussed and a provisional key to the species of Bondarzewia is given. Key words: Macrofungi, Bondarzewia, Russulales, new species, taxonomy, Sikkim 1. Introduction Picea. After thorough macro- and micromorphological The genusBondarzewia was first described by Singer studies followed by a survey of the literature, it proved to (1940). Presently, it accommodates subtropical (Dai et be new to science. It is proposed as Bondarzewia zonata al., 2010) to temperate and wood-inhabiting parasitic and described here in detail with illustrations. Its relation (causing white rot) poroid macrofungi. Therefore, the with closely related taxa is also discussed. genus Bondarzewia can be characterized as pileate stipitate to substipitate basidiocarps, with a dimitic hyphal system 2. -
Olympic Mushrooms 4/16/2021 Susan Mcdougall
Olympic Mushrooms 4/16/2021 Susan McDougall With links to species’ pages 206 species Family Scientific Name Common Name Agaricaceae Agaricus augustus Giant agaricus Agaricaceae Agaricus hondensis Felt-ringed Agaricus Agaricaceae Agaricus silvicola Forest Agaric Agaricaceae Chlorophyllum brunneum Shaggy Parasol Agaricaceae Chlorophyllum olivieri Olive Shaggy Parasol Agaricaceae Coprinus comatus Shaggy inkcap Agaricaceae Crucibulum laeve Common bird’s nest fungus Agaricaceae Cyathus striatus Fluted bird’s nest Agaricaceae Cystoderma amianthinum Pure Cystoderma Agaricaceae Cystoderma cf. gruberinum Agaricaceae Gymnopus acervatus Clustered Collybia Agaricaceae Gymnopus dryophilus Common Collybia Agaricaceae Gymnopus luxurians Agaricaceae Gymnopus peronatus Wood woolly-foot Agaricaceae Lepiota clypeolaria Shield dapperling Agaricaceae Lepiota magnispora Yellowfoot dapperling Agaricaceae Leucoagaricus leucothites White dapperling Agaricaceae Leucoagaricus rubrotinctus Red-eyed parasol Agaricaceae Morganella pyriformis Warted puffball Agaricaceae Nidula candida Jellied bird’s-nest fungus Agaricaceae Nidularia farcta Albatrellaceae Albatrellus avellaneus Amanitaceae Amanita augusta Yellow-veiled amanita Amanitaceae Amanita calyptroderma Ballen’s American Caesar Amanitaceae Amanita muscaria Fly agaric Amanitaceae Amanita pantheriana Panther cap Amanitaceae Amanita vaginata Grisette Auriscalpiaceae Lentinellus ursinus Bear lentinellus Bankeraceae Hydnellum aurantiacum Orange spine Bankeraceae Hydnellum complectipes Bankeraceae Hydnellum suaveolens -
Molecular Identification of Fungi
Molecular Identification of Fungi Youssuf Gherbawy l Kerstin Voigt Editors Molecular Identification of Fungi Editors Prof. Dr. Youssuf Gherbawy Dr. Kerstin Voigt South Valley University University of Jena Faculty of Science School of Biology and Pharmacy Department of Botany Institute of Microbiology 83523 Qena, Egypt Neugasse 25 [email protected] 07743 Jena, Germany [email protected] ISBN 978-3-642-05041-1 e-ISBN 978-3-642-05042-8 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-05042-8 Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2009938949 # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: WMXDesign GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany, kindly supported by ‘leopardy.com’ Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Dedicated to Prof. Lajos Ferenczy (1930–2004) microbiologist, mycologist and member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, one of the most outstanding Hungarian biologists of the twentieth century Preface Fungi comprise a vast variety of microorganisms and are numerically among the most abundant eukaryotes on Earth’s biosphere. -
Basidiomycetes Inhabiting the Ornamental Tree Catalpa (Bignoniaceae)
©Österreichische Mykologische Gesellschaft, Austria, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Österr. Z. Pilzk. 19(2010) Basidiomycetes inhabiting the ornamental tree Catalpa (Bignoniaceae) JURAJ PACLT Nam Benku, Martina 24/4083 81107 Bratislava 1, Slovakia Accepted 11. 1.2010 Key words: Basidiomycetes. - Fungus-host associations, Catalpa. Abstract: Attention is paid to all basidiomycetous species hitherto known to occur on Catalpa as host plant. During 1955-1997 more than 20 new fungus-host associations from diverse species of Catalpa grown in Europe could be found by the author. Zusammenfassung: Basidiomyzeten, die bisher von Catalpa als Wirtspflanze bekannt sind, werden aufgeführt. Dem Autor gelang es, 1955-1997 mehr als zwanzig neue Pilz-Wirt-Assoziationen von ver- schiedenen in Europa angepflanzten Catalpa-Artcn zu finden. Catalpa SCOP. (Bignoniaceae), called cigar-tree in the USA, a genus native to the United States of America [Southern Catalpa = C. hignonioides WALTER, Hardy Ca- talpa = C. speciosa (WARDER ex BARNEY) ENGELM.], West Indies and/or China. Common species of the genus are favoured as ornamental trees due to their showy panicles of flowers and long cigar-like pendent capsular fruits as well. In Europe, spe- cies of Catalpa are often cultivated as park- and street-trees. OUDEMANS (1923) mentioned only four species of Basidiomycetes for Catalpa, i.e., Polyponts distortus (= Abortipoms biennis). Pistil/aha mucedina. Pistil/aria mucoroides, and Polyponis distinctus (nomen dubium). Six further basidiomycetous species collected on Catalpa were listed in the next host index by SEYMOUR (1929): Exidia saccharina, Polyponis adustus (= Bjerkandera adusta), Schizophyllum commune, Stereum albobadium (= Dendrophora alhobadia), Stereum versicolor, and Trametes sepium (= Antrodia al- bida). -
9B Taxonomy to Genus
Fungus and Lichen Genera in the NEMF Database Taxonomic hierarchy: phyllum > class (-etes) > order (-ales) > family (-ceae) > genus. Total number of genera in the database: 526 Anamorphic fungi (see p. 4), which are disseminated by propagules not formed from cells where meiosis has occurred, are presently not grouped by class, order, etc. Most propagules can be referred to as "conidia," but some are derived from unspecialized vegetative mycelium. A significant number are correlated with fungal states that produce spores derived from cells where meiosis has, or is assumed to have, occurred. These are, where known, members of the ascomycetes or basidiomycetes. However, in many cases, they are still undescribed, unrecognized or poorly known. (Explanation paraphrased from "Dictionary of the Fungi, 9th Edition.") Principal authority for this taxonomy is the Dictionary of the Fungi and its online database, www.indexfungorum.org. For lichens, see Lecanoromycetes on p. 3. Basidiomycota Aegerita Poria Macrolepiota Grandinia Poronidulus Melanophyllum Agaricomycetes Hyphoderma Postia Amanitaceae Cantharellales Meripilaceae Pycnoporellus Amanita Cantharellaceae Abortiporus Skeletocutis Bolbitiaceae Cantharellus Antrodia Trichaptum Agrocybe Craterellus Grifola Tyromyces Bolbitius Clavulinaceae Meripilus Sistotremataceae Conocybe Clavulina Physisporinus Trechispora Hebeloma Hydnaceae Meruliaceae Sparassidaceae Panaeolina Hydnum Climacodon Sparassis Clavariaceae Polyporales Gloeoporus Steccherinaceae Clavaria Albatrellaceae Hyphodermopsis Antrodiella -
FPL 15 – Annosus Root Rot the Information Accessed from This Screen Is Based on the Publication: Morrison, D.J
FPL 15 – Annosus Root Rot The information accessed from this screen is based on the publication: Morrison, D.J. 1979. Annosus Root Rot in Douglas-fir and Western Hemlock in British Columbia. Forestry Canada, Forest Insect and Disease Survey, Forest Pest Leaflet No. 15 8p. Fomes annosus is now know as Heterobasidion annosum Introduction Annosus root disease, caused by the fungus Fomes annosus (Fr,) Karst.Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref.], is an important disease of immature coniferous forests in the temperate zone. In the past 30 years, the incidence and damage caused by the fungus has increased greatly, particularly in plantations in Europe and parts of the southeastern United States. This increase has been attributed to spacing and thinning operations that create conditions favorable for spread of the fungus. Intensive forest management is creating a potentially serious problem in British Columbia. This leaflet describes annosus root disease as it occurs in British Columbia, including the hosts, range and life history of the fungus, and symptoms, damage and control of the disease. Distribution and Hosts The distribution of F. annosus in B.C. has been determined by decay sample and sporophore collection and basidiospore trapping. Fomes annosus occurs throughout the coastal Douglas-fir and western hemlock zones and adjacent parts of the coastal sub-alpine zone, and in the interior western hemlock zone and adjacent parts of the interior Douglas-fir and subalpine zones. In coastal B.C., F. annosus causes butt rot in old-growth trees, particularly western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) and amabilis fir (Abies amabilis (Dougl.) Forbes), and root and butt rot in second growth western hemlock, Abies spp., Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), western red cedar (Thuja plicata Donn) and Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.)(4). -
Felipe Bittencourt FUNGOS POLIPOROIDES DAS
Felipe Bittencourt FUNGOS POLIPOROIDES DAS VEGETAÇÕES DE ALTITUDE DO PARQUE NACIONAL DE SÃO JOAQUIM, URUBICI/SC Dissertação submetida ao Programa de Pós Graduação em Biologia de Fungos, Algas e Plantas da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina para a obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Biologia de Fungos, Algas e Plantas. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Elisandro Ricardo Drechsler dos Santos Coorientador: PhD. Jozséf Geml Florianópolis 2019 Ficha de identificação da obra elaborada pelo autor através do Programa de Geração Automática da Biblioteca Universitária da UFSC. AGRADECIMENTOS Primeiramente agradeço aos meus pais, Dione M. Bittencourt e Flávio Bittencourt, que me acompanharam durante toda a minha jornada, me dando todo o apoio necessário para minha formação como pessoa e como pesquisador. Agradeço também aos meus orientadores, Elisandro Ricardo Drechsler dos Santos, por me apresentar o fantástico mundo dos fungos lá na graduação e pela confiança e parceria desde então, me passando ensinamentos sem os quais eu não teria concluído este trabalho; e meu coorientador Jozséf Geml, que me deu a oportunidade de conhecer uma área de estudo em ascenção dentro da micologia; Ao Diogo H. C. de Rezende por me dar opiniões e dicas importantísismas para a discussão e conclusão desta dissertação; também ao Aristóteles G. Neto, que forneceu subsídios indispensáveis para a execução das análises moleculares deste trabalho; À Denyse K. S. Guimarães, Luís A. Funez, Marcel Comin, Thiago K. Cardoso e Weslley R. Nardes por coletarem e me fornecerem importantes espécimes,