Welding Fabrication

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Welding Fabrication d. Some tools will be provided; please see updated list on the SkillsUSA website WELDING prior to the competition 2. Supplied by the contestant team: FABRICATION a. Hearing and/or ear protection b. Welding helmet with appropriate filter plate/lens and protective cover PURPOSE plate/lens in a flip or slide front. Auto To evaluate each contestant’s preparation for darkening shields are permissible employment and to recognize outstanding c. Spare spatter and filter lenses/plates for students for excellence and professionalism in arc welding helmet and oxyacetylene the field of welding fabrication. goggles d. Pocket calculator First, download and review the General e. Lead pencil and/or ballpoint pen Regulations at: http://updates.skillsusa.org/. f. Soap stone with holder g. Scribe with magnet h. Combination square set ELIGIBILITY (TEAM OF THREE) i. Fillet weld gauge Open to active SkillsUSA members enrolled in j. Center punch programs with welding as the occupational k. Chipping hammer with or without wire objective. This is a team event. Each team will brush be comprised of three student members from l. Stainless steel wire brush the same school and training program. m. All competitors must create a one-page résumé and submit a hard copy to the CLOTHING REQUIREMENT technical committee chair at Official SkillsUSA khaki work shirt (long orientation. Failure to do so will result sleeved) and pants (both the pants and shirt in a 10-point penalty. must be 100 percent cotton); black, brown or tan leather work shoes; and safety glasses with Note: Your contest may also require a hard side shields or goggles. (Prescription glasses copy of your résumé as part of the actual can be used only if they are equipped with side contest. Check the Contest Guidelines shields. If not, they must be covered with and/or the updates page on the SkillsUSA goggles.) website at http://updates.skillsusa.org/. These regulations refer to clothing items that Project drawings will be posted ahead of are pictured and described at: time for students, also at www.skillsusastore.org. If you have questions http://updates.skillsusa.org/. about clothing or other logo items, call 800- 401-1560 or 703-956-3723. SCOPE OF THE CONTEST The scope of the contest is defined by industry Note: Contestants must wear their official standards as identified by the following contest clothing to the contest orientation companies: American Welding Society Inc., meeting. Harris Products Group, Hobart Brothers Co., Lincoln Electric Co., Linweld Inc. and Miller EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS Electric Manufacturing Co. All drawings, 1. Supplied by the technical committee: welding symbols and welding terms conform to a. All necessary welding equipment and the latest edition of the American Welding materials Society (AWS) standards. b. For all drawings and procedure, please refer to: http://updates.skillsusa.org/ c. Power tools needed for the competition Knowledge Performance 7. Filler metals will be compatible with the The contest will include a written knowledge metals being welded and will be detailed exam that assesses the practical knowledge of on the contest procedure sheet. Instructions welding, including safety, measurement and to the contestants will define more blueprint reading. Other common fabrication specifically the filler metals that may be operations will also be assessed such as saw used. operation, drilling, grinding and material 8. Welds will be evaluated visually using a handling. rating system as established by the SkillsUSA technical committee. Skill Performance Nondestructive and/or destructive tests may The skill performance assessment includes the be used to complete the project evaluation. completion of a metal project and a 9. Final judging of the welded projects will be demonstration of the ability to weld carbon evaluated according to the difficulty of the steel, aluminum or stainless steel project in assigned task and by using the following various positions using a variety of filler metals. visual inspection criteria: dimensional Contestants will be involved in the completion accuracy, including distortion; conformity of a metal project that involves various to drawing requirements, including manufacturing methods. determination of whether all welds have been completed and whether the finished welds conform to the required size and Contest Guidelines contour; and visual examination of the 1. Contestants must correctly use the welding welds for cracks, undercut, overlap, crater equipment during the contest. The contest fill, spatter, arc strikes, porosity, convexity chairman and contest coordinator may stop and reinforcement. contestants at any section of the contest if they deem a contestant’s manner to be hazardous to either him- or herself or Standards and Competencies others. Such stoppage shall disqualify the participant for that section of the contest. If WF 1.0 — Identify safety standards on a test in the contestant is warned a second time, he accordance to ANSI Z49 or she will be disqualified as a contest 1.1 Demonstrate proper use and inspection participant. of equipment used for protection of 2. While the contest is in progress, there shall personnel be no communication between the 1.2 Model proper work area operation contestants or between other teams or 1.3 Demonstrate proper use and inspection anyone else, except as directed by a judge, of equipment used for ventilation contest coordinator or contest chair. It is 1.4 Demonstrate proper Hot Zone operation expected that team members will 1.5 Demonstrate proper procedures for communicate to each other. working in confined spaces 3. Time limits will be established on the 1.6 Understand precautionary labeling contest procedure sheets for all segments 1.7 Model proper use and inspection of of the test. equipment used for each required 4. Evaluation of the completed project will be welding or thermal cutting process judged visually. Nondestructive and/or destructive tests may be used to complete WF 2.0 — Demonstrate an understanding of practical the project evaluation. measurement 5. Welding and cutting operation instructions 2.1 Identify basic metal-working tools used will be specified in drawings and in measuring procedure sheets provided to the 2.2 Use visual measuring tools to accuracy of contestants. 1 ⁄64 of an inch 6. Welding equipment used in the contest 2.3 Employ the components of a may be obtained from a variety of combination square set manufacturers and may include 2.4 Use layout and marking tools as required transformers, rectifiers and/or inverters. Welding Fabrication, 2019 • 2 2.5 Determine wire feed speed as indicated 4.10 Weld a lap joint with a multiple-pass, on drawing fillet weld on carbon steel and stainless steel plate in the flat, horizontal, vertical WF 3.0 — Read and interpret blueprints up and down, and overhead positions 3.1 Apply information found in the 4.11 Weld a T-joint with a single-pass, fillet information block of the drawing weld on carbon steel and stainless steel 3.2 Read and understand three-dimensional sheet/plate in the flat, horizontal, vertical drawings up and down, and overhead positions 3.3 Identify the basic views used in 4.12 Weld a T-joint with a multiple-pass, fillet blueprints including assembly, detail and weld on carbon steel and stainless steel fit-up drawings plate in the flat, horizontal, vertical up 3.4 Identify common types of lines, and down, and overhead position abbreviations and symbols in accordance 4.13 Weld a butt joint with a single-pass, with national drawing standards (ANSI) square groove weld on carbon steel and 3.5 Identify basic welding symbols and stainless steel sheet/plate in the flat, components of a symbol (such as arrow, horizontal, vertical up and down, and reference line, tail, size or length) in overhead positions accordance with the current national 4.14 Weld a butt joint with a partial joint welding symbol standard, AWS A 2.4, penetration, single pass, double V-groove current edition weld on carbon steel and stainless steel plate in the flat, horizontal, vertical up WF 4.0 — Produce welds using a Shielded Metal Arc and down, and overhead positions Welding (SMAW) process to AWS QC10 standards 4.15 Weld a butt joint with a multiple-pass, V- groove weld on carbon steel and 4.1 Demonstrate safety procedures for stainless steel plate in the flat, horizontal, SMAW vertical up and down, and overhead 4.2 Demonstrate ability to correctly set up positions SMAW power sources and related 4.16 Weld a butt joint with complete joint welding equipment and do basic process penetration, multiple pass, double and equipment troubleshooting groove weld on carbon steel and 4.3 Correctly identify base metal prior to stainless steel plate in the flat, horizontal, welding vertical up and down, and overhead 4.4 Set up and shut down equipment for positions welding of carbon steel and/or stainless 4.17 Weld 2- to 8-inch diameter, schedules 40 steel to 80 carbon steel and stainless steel 4.5 Select correct type of filler metal size of pipe, single/multiple-pass V-groove weld electrode based on carbon steel and/or in the 2G, 5G and 6G positions 1 1 stainless steel plate ( ⁄4-inch to ⁄2-inch 4.18 Lay out, weld, cut and prepare coupons thickness) for evaluation 4.6 Prepare carbon steel and/or stainless 4.19 Test the prepared coupon steel for welding 4.7 Start, stop and restart stringer beads on WF 5.0 — Produce welds using a Gas Metal Arc Welding carbon steel and/or stainless steel in the (GMAW) process to AWS QC10 standards flat, horizontal, vertical
Recommended publications
  • Butt Joint and Fastener Finishing Guidelines Issue 2
    ________________________________________________________________________ TECHNICAL BULLETIN No.: 042314-1007 Subject: Butt Joint and Fastener Finish Guideline Issue Date: April 23, 2014 Issue No.: 1 1.0 PURPOSE 1.1 To provide a butt joint and fastener preparation guideline. 2.0 GENERAL 2.1 Magnum Board® can be finished with almost any product on the market today including, but not limited to, Portland type stuccos, synthetic stuccos, stone, brick, fabric finishes and paint. 2.2 When using these products, always follow the Manufacturer’s guidelines for surface preparation and installation. 3.0 RESPONSIBILITY 3.1 It is the responsibility of the installer to ensure the framing to which the Magnum Board® sheathing is to be fastened is square and will provide the finished look desired by the owner and / or contractor. 3.2 It is also the responsibility of the applicator of the above finish product to ensure the installed Magnum Board® is properly prepared to receive the selected finish. 4.0 MATERIAL HANDLING REQUIREMENTS 4.1 Stage materials as close to the point of installation as possible. 4.2 Store Magnum Board® flat and protect it from weather and jobsite dirt before, during and after installation. 4.3 Protect the corners of Magnum Board® prior to and during installation. 4.4 Do not stack other materials on top of Magnum Board®. 1 5.0 MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS 5.1 Premium-grade, high-performance, moisture-cured, 1-component, polyurethane-based, non-sag elastomeric sealant / adhesive such as “Sikaflex 1a” or equal. 5.2 Joint compound. Lightweight exterior spackling can be substituted for fastener finishing. 5.3 Fiberglass joint taper, woven.
    [Show full text]
  • Effect of Different Veneer-Joint Forms and Allocations on Mechanical Properties of Bamboo-Bundle Laminated Veneer Lumber
    PEER-REVIEWED ARTICLE bioresources.com Effect of Different Veneer-joint Forms and Allocations on Mechanical Properties of Bamboo-bundle Laminated Veneer Lumber Dan Zhang, Ge Wang,* and Wenhan Ren Bamboo-bundle laminated veneer lumber (BLVL) was produced by veneer lengthening technology. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different veneer-joint forms and allocations on the mechanical properties of BLVL. Four veneer-joint forms, i.e., butt joint, lap joint, toe joint, and tape joint, and three lap-joint allocations, i.e., invariable allocation (Type I), staggered allocation (Type II), and uniform allocation (Type III), were investigated in laminates. The results revealed that the mechanical properties of veneer-joint BLVL were reduced in comparison with that of un-jointed BLVL. It was found that the best veneer-joint form was the lap joint laminate, of which the tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, and modulus of rupture values were reduced by 38.41%, 0.66%, and 10.92%, respectively, when compared to the un- jointed control samples. Type III showed the lowest influence on bending and tensile properties, followed by Type II. Keywords: Bamboo-bundle laminated veneer lumber; Joint forms; Mechanical properties; Joint allocations Contact information: International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, P.R. China, 100102; * Corresponding author: [email protected] INTRODUCTION As wood resource availability declines and its demand increases in today’s modern industrialized world, it is important to explore new, sustainable building materials. In particular, bamboo has recently been recognized as a promising alternative raw material due to its abundance, fast growth rate, and high tensile strength (Jiang et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Beginner's Guide
    Hand woodworking Hand woodworking Red oak cut through the cells Stud joined with nails or screws and Mitre joint on a picture frame held with a dowel joint, both examples of using only glue The butt joint mechanical means to joint end grain to I’m going to start with the most basic long grain joint of all: the butt joint. This joint consists of two pieces of wood that a biscuit, mortise and tenon, dowels are simply butted against each other, or pocket screws in addition to glue. typically forming a ‘T’ joint or corner Picture frames are a good example joint in a cabinet face frame or mitred of a butt joint – here you can see the corners of a picture frame or box. result of a butt joint using only glue; The strongest butt joint consists of the wood has started to pull away due joining straight grain to straight, such to seasonal change. With joining end as when joining boards for a tabletop grain to long grain, where the wood is Lapped dovetail or half-blind dovetail – see issue 2, pages 51-54. This is moving at different rates, it is clear that because boards that are cut lengthwise a stronger joint is needed. are often used interchangeably, but preserve the grain structure, whereas while a halving and half lapped joint joining end grain to end grain or end Half-lap, halving joint or is a lapped joint, a lapped joint is not grain to straight grain slices through lap joint always a halved joint. cells that were once strong and the Let’s look at joining wood with another Here you can see a half-blind original strength of the board is lost.
    [Show full text]
  • Silver Brazing Your Own Band Saw Blades
    Silver Brazing Your Own BAND SAW BLADES B Y J O H N W ILSO N Save money and get better results by making your own blades. was on the road teaching a woodwork- Silver alloys such as N50 or Easy-Flo 3 about 50 cents a foot. Coils of .025" x 1⁄4" x Iing course recently when my band saw blade are examples available today that contain 6-tooth blade is about 70 cents a foot. Olson broke. Not carrying a spare meant buying a cadmium. Used for decades, we now know doesn’t mention the availability or price of replacement locally. that the cadmium in them creates a health the coils on its web site or in its catalogs; you It had been 20 years since I began silver risk. Cadmium-free alloy such as BRAZE 505 need to call them. brazing my own band saw blades, and I had (visit LucasMilhaupt.com for a brazing book In researching the article I asked folks in forgotten what a broken band saw blade means you can download) contains 50 percent sil- the band saw blade industry about this. Their for woodworkers who don’t. First, there is the ver, 20 percent copper, 28 percent zinc and answer was that their customers had been inconvenience of stopping operations while 2 percent nickel. dissatisfied with the results of their shop- shopping for the blade. Second is the cost. Just as with soft soldering, a suitable paste made blades. The solution, I suggest, is better Third is the disappointment in the poor qual- flux is needed to ensure joint surfaces that information.
    [Show full text]
  • Woodworking Joints.Key
    Woodworking making joints Using Joints Basic Butt Joint The butt joint is the most basic woodworking joint. Commonly used when framing walls in conventional, stick-framed homes, this joint relies on mechanical fasteners to hold the two pieces of stock in place. Learn how to build a proper butt joint, and when to use it on your woodworking projects. Basic Butt Joint The simplest of joints is a butt joint - so called because one piece of stock is butted up against another, then fixed in place, most commonly with nails or screws. The addition of glue will add some strength, but the joint relies primarily upon its mechanical fixings. ! These joints can be used in making simple boxes or frames, providing that there will not be too much stress on the joint, or that the materials used will take nails or screws reliably. Butt joints are probably strongest when fixed using glued dowels. Mitered Butt Joint ! A mitered butt joint is basically the same as a basic butt joint, except that the two boards are joined at an angle (instead of square to one another). The advantage is that the mitered butt joint will not show any end grain, and as such is a bit more aesthetically pleasing. Learn how to create a clean mitered butt joint. Mitered Butt Joint The simplest joint that requires any form of cutting is a miter joint - in effect this is an angled butt joint, usually relying on glue alone to construct it. It requires accurate 45° cutting, however, if the perfect 90° corner is to result.
    [Show full text]
  • Fire-Resistant Performance of a Laminated Veneer Lumber Joint with Metal Plate Connectors Protected with Graphite Phenolic Sphere Sheeting
    J Wood Sci (2001) 47:19%207 The Japan Wood Research Society 2001 Bambang Subyakto Toshimitsu Hata Isamu Ide Shuichi Kawai Fire-resistant performance of a laminated veneer lumber joint with metal plate connectors protected with graphite phenolic sphere sheeting Received: February 23, 2000 / Accepted: June 16, 2000 Abstract Creep under fire of laminated veneer lumber natural forests decline. Among these materials, laminated (LVL) joined with metal connectors was studied. The fire- veneer lumber (LVL) and oriented strand board (OSB) are resistant performance of LVL butt joints connected with promising as substitutes for structural timber and plywood, metal plates protected with graphite phenolic sphere (GPS) respectively. The application of such products as building sheeting was discussed. The GPS sheeting was overlaid on materials depends, among other factors, on their fire- the joint in different sizes and locations. The joint was resistant performance. exposed to a burner with a top flame temperature of 800~ The fire resistant performance of structural timber is and loaded with a load of 200N to test for creep under fire. important. Timber joints connected with metal plates are The results showed that the fire-resistant performance of considered a weak point in a structure exposed to fire} the joint was markedly improved by the sheeting. The size Several studies have been conducted on the properties of and location of the GPS sheet significantly affected the time metal plate connectors, 2'3 reinforced joints, 4 and structural to rupture of the specimen, which was six times longer than timber under fire. 5 Some studies also have been reported that without GPS.
    [Show full text]
  • Decking Installation & Maintenance Guide
    Decking Installation & Maintenance Guide TimberTech PRO™, TimberTech EDGE™, and Specialty Decking Installing TimberTech® Decking .................................................................................... 2 Fastening Methods ........................................................................................................ 4 TimberTech® Square Shouldered Boards ...................................................................... 5 Trimming a TimberTech® Deck ..................................................................................... 6 CONCEALoc® Hidden Fasteners .................................................................................... 7 Cortex® Hidden Fastening System .............................................................................. 10 Care and Cleaning ....................................................................................................... 12 Warranty ...................................................................................................................... 13 Notes ........................................................................................................................... 14 decking | railing | lighting | fastening TimberTech.com Installing TimberTech® Decking TimberTech Decking should be installed using the same good building principals used to install wood or composite decking and Tools Required in accordance with the local building codes and the installation guidelines included below. AZEK® Building Products Inc. accepts no TimberTech boards
    [Show full text]
  • System for Automatic Inspection of Bandsaw Blades
    WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on ENVIRONMENT and DEVELOPMENT Tomas Sysala, Karel Stuchlik, Petr Neumann System for Automatic Inspection of Bandsaw Blades TOMAS SYSALA1, KAREL STUCHLIK1, and PETR NEUMANN2 1 Department of Automation and Control Engineering 2 Department of Electronics and Measurements Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Faculty of Applied Informatics Nad Stranemi 4511, 760 05 Zlin CZECH REPUBLIC [email protected] https://fai.utb.cz/ Abstract: - The article deals with a new inspection method for the bandsaw blade eligibility checking. For better understanding, the individual bandsaw blade areas are described together with relevant parameters overview. The method design description follows. The current method drawback are discussed, and there are stressed the advantages of our innovative automatic inspection method. We present arrangement of our design in individual blocks together with the application software functions. The article also presents both the design model and the realised prototype measurement results. The constructed device based on our design minimizes the human error influence. Key-Words: - Programmable Logic Controler, HMI, Bandsaw, Automatic Inspection, Simatic, SCADA 1 Introduction 2 Bandsaws Wood is one of oldest materials exploited in human Bandsaws are belonging to woodworking tools. activities. In spite of fact that it has been replaced in Those tools are employed for example in sawmills many areas with plastic materials, with iron and for tree trunk cutting in lumber like flitches, logs, with concrete, it it is still a favourite material planks or slabs. [1, 2] because of its specific characteristic. The bandsaw development started in 1808 thanks Various saw types serve for wood priming and to the Englishman William Newberry who received shaping.
    [Show full text]
  • LAP SIDING Basic Installation Guide for Complete Installation Instructions, Go to Allurausa.Com
    LAP SIDING Basic Installation Guide For complete installation instructions, go to AlluraUSA.com DOs DON’Ts BEFORE • Use these tips as a guide, not as a replacement for the Allura • Do not install questionable 1 YOU BEGIN Fiber Cement Installation Manual which can be downloaded product. Contact Allura at www.allurausa.com under the Resources Tab in the Consumer Service at Technical section. Review the manual in its entirety and all 1-844-4ALLURA applicable building codes prior to installation. • Wear appropriate safety equipment—dust mask or respirator, eye protection, hard hat, and cut-resistant gloves as appropriate. STORAGE & • Keep siding covered, off the ground on a clean, flat, and level • Never install siding that is wet. 2 HANDLING surface that is protected from direct exposure to weather. • Carry lap siding by its narrow edge. SHEATHING • Lap siding must be installed to structural framing when using • Do not fasten fiber cement 3 & WRAPS non-structural sheathing, builder board, foam-type sheathings siding over non-structural and gypsum board. sheathing thicker than 1" • Siding must be applied over a water-resistant barrier without re-establishing a in accordance with local building code. structural fastening surface. CUTTING • Use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE). • Do not score and snap 4 Refer to the Fiber Cement Installation Manual for details. fiber cement. • Cut fiber cement outdoors when possible. • Do not cut fiber cement • Use a polycrystalline diamond-tipped fiber cement blade without proper ventilation. for circular, miter, and table saws. Face down • When using a circular saw or mechanical shears, cut fiber cement siding face down.
    [Show full text]
  • Investigation of Strength of V & U Groove Butt Joint by Tig
    Vol-2 Issue-1 2016 IJARIIE-ISSN(O)-2395-4396 INVESTIGATION OF STRENGTH OF V & U GROOVE BUTT JOINT BY TIG WELDING & IT’S ANALYSIS N.B.Landge1, Dr.Y.R.Kharde2 1M.E Student, Department Of Mechanical Engineering,Pravara Rural Engineering College,Loni- Maharashtra. 2Professor, Department Of Mechanical Engineering,Pravara Rural Engineering College,Loni- Maharashtra. ABSTRACT Welding, one of the most convenient and rapid method used for joining metals in navy, process industry in fabrication, maintenance, repair of parts and structures. The plates used in process industry has welding strength as its important parameter. In this paper investigation of V & U groove geometry to find out tensile and impact strength in case of butt weld joint will be done. For V & U groove geometry different models of plates with varying included angle from 300, 450, 500 will be made. Currently the V-groove geometry with included angle up to 300 is in use, after studying the Indian Welding Journal, Indian Welding Society it is observed that distortion and residual stresses increases with increase in groove angle and its strength also increases with groove angle increasing the weld material which affect the economy of welding. In this paper we aim at overcoming these disadvantages by making use of V & U groove. Tensile test to check maximum tensile force sustaining capacity and micro and macro inspection test to check welding quality and other parameters has been conducted. Other tests carried out includes impact test to check maximum energy absorbing capacity, we also measured dimensions of specimen before and after welding to find out longitudinal and transverse distortion if any by making use of four specimens.
    [Show full text]
  • PLEXIGLAS® SHEET: Cementing and Troubleshooting
    Technical information PLEXIGLAS® SHEET: Cementing and Troubleshooting Option 1: SOLVENT CEMENTING RECOMMENDATIONS Use methylene dichloride (MDC) as the basic cement. Add up to 10% diacetone alcohol to reduce blushing caused by the evaporation of solvent in humid conditions. Use the following solvent cement mixture for optimum joint appearance: 70% MDC, 20% MMA (methyl methacrylate inhibited monomer) and 10% GAA (glacial acetic acid). Store solvent cements in vapor-proof/corrosion-proof containers, such as glass or plastic-coated metal. Use only enough solvent to wet the joints, since excessive solvent will increase set times and possibly result in whitening or crazing. Do not flow or drip solvent on any flame polished, strip heated or dry-belt sanded surfaces. When soak cementing, limit soak time to approximately 45 seconds. The optimum edge finish is one which has been cut by a skim router (approximately .030" removal). Do not force fit parts to be cemented. Cementing Technique: Capillary Action Method The parts must be closely fitted with no visible gaps. The parts to be cemented should be unclamped or lightly clamped together. The cement is dispensed (from a hypodermic needle or eye dropper) along the joint. Capillary action draws the cement between the parts. Time for the joint to set varies from 2-5 minutes depending on the solvent used and temperature and humidity. Do not flow or drip solvent cement on a flame-polished, strip-heated or dry-belt sanded surface as these conditions show the maximum fabrication stress possible in plastic sheet. Cementing Technique: Soak Dip Method The parts must be closely fitted with no visible gaps.
    [Show full text]
  • HVAC Noise Control
    FUNDAMENTALS OF ARC WELDING Welding is the process of joining two pieces of metal by intense heating with or without the application of pressure or by the application of pressure alone (without heating) and with or without the use of filler material. It is distinguished from other forms of mechanical connections, such as riveting or bolting, which involves friction or mechanical interlocking. Welding offers many advantages over riveting or bolting: 1. Welded structures are more rigid compared to structures with riveted and bolted connections; 2. Welding gives the appearance of a one-piece construction as against the cluttered surface of bolted or riveted connections; 3. Welded structures allow the elimination of a large percentage of the gusset and splice plates necessary for riveted or bolted structures. 4. Welding saves up to 15% of the steel weight and economies are achieved due to elimination of operations like drilling and punching, It also saves time in detailing and fabrication; 5. The strength of the welded joint equals or exceeds the strength of the original base metal, thereby placing no restriction on the joints; 6. Weld connections offer the designer more freedom for innovation in his design, make changes and to correct mistakes during erection; 7. Welding is practicable for almost all types/shapes of joints; for example, connection of a steel pipe column to other members; 8. Welding offers air tight and water tight joining of plates and hence ideal for oil storage tanks, ships etc. Some disadvantages: 1. Skilled manpower is needed for operation and inspection of welded connections; 2. Welded joints are highly prone to cracking under fatigue loading - non-destructive evaluation may have to be carried out to detect defects in welds; 3.
    [Show full text]