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France and the Dissolution of Yugoslavia Christopher David Jones, MA, BA (Hons.)
France and the Dissolution of Yugoslavia Christopher David Jones, MA, BA (Hons.) A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of East Anglia School of History August 2015 © “This copy of the thesis has been supplied on condition that anyone who consults it is understood to recognise that its copyright rests with the author and that use of any information derived there from must be in accordance with current UK Copyright Law. In addition, any quotation or extract must include full attribution.” Abstract This thesis examines French relations with Yugoslavia in the twentieth century and its response to the federal republic’s dissolution in the 1990s. In doing so it contributes to studies of post-Cold War international politics and international diplomacy during the Yugoslav Wars. It utilises a wide-range of source materials, including: archival documents, interviews, memoirs, newspaper articles and speeches. Many contemporary commentators on French policy towards Yugoslavia believed that the Mitterrand administration’s approach was anachronistic, based upon a fear of a resurgent and newly reunified Germany and an historical friendship with Serbia; this narrative has hitherto remained largely unchallenged. Whilst history did weigh heavily on Mitterrand’s perceptions of the conflicts in Yugoslavia, this thesis argues that France’s Yugoslav policy was more the logical outcome of longer-term trends in French and Mitterrandienne foreign policy. Furthermore, it reflected a determined effort by France to ensure that its long-established preferences for post-Cold War security were at the forefront of European and international politics; its strong position in all significant international multilateral institutions provided an important platform to do so. -
The Sanctuary and the Glacis France, the Federal Republic of Germany, and Nuclear Weapons in the 1980S (Part 1)
The Sanctuary and the Glacis France, the Federal Republic of Germany, and Nuclear Weapons in the 1980s (Part 1) ✣ Frédéric Bozo In December 1985, Chancellor Helmut Kohl of the Federal Republic of Ger- many (FRG) came to Paris to meet with French President François Mitterrand to discuss defense and security cooperation. Kohl had requested the meeting in the hope of overcoming the stalemate that had emerged during the previ- ous months, not least regarding nuclear matters—a sensitive subject in light of the two countries’ different nuclear weapons status. The conversation was thorough. Mitterrand, in particular, mentioned the possibility of establishing some form of nuclear consultation mechanism between Paris and Bonn in times of crisis or war, a long-time West German demand. Kohl was euphoric: “This is the very first time that this kind of discussion can take place,” he told Mitterrand. “Such a conversation had never before been possible between a [French] president and a [West German] chancellor,” he continued, adding that his father, a captain in the German army, “would never have imagined such a situation.”1 Kohl was right. Only a few years before, such topics were hardly discussed between French and West German leaders. In the wake of Mitterrand’s election in the spring of 1981, Helmut Schmidt, Kohl’s prede- cessor, had come to Mitterrand’s vacation home in the southwest of France for extensive discussions of the international context as well as bilateral relations. Toward the end of their first meeting, Mitterrand, who had been briefed on the importance of nuclear consultation to the FRG, asked Schmidt whether he had discussed the topic with his predecessor, Valéry Giscard d’Estaing. -
LES GOUVERNEMENTS ET LES ASSEMBLÉES PARLEMENTAIRES SOUS LA Ve RÉPUBLIQUE
LES GOUVERNEMENTS ET LES ASSEMBLÉES PARLEMENTAIRES SOUS LA Ve RÉPUBLIQUE - 2 - AVERTISSEMENT La liste des ministères établie par la présente brochure fait suite à celles figurant : 1° dans le tome I du Dictionnaire des parlementaires français de 1871 à 1940 ; 2° dans la publication séparée, intitulée « Ministères de la France de 1944 à 1958 ». Elle couvre la période du 8 janvier 1959 au 31 juillet 2004. Outre la liste nominative des membres des Gouvernements, on trouvera les renseignements relatifs : - à l’élection des Présidents de la République ; - aux dates des élections aux Assemblées parlementaires et à la composition politique de celles-ci, ainsi qu’aux dates des sessions du Parlement ; - aux lois d’habilitation législative prises en application de l’article 38 de la Constitution ; - à la mise en jeu de la responsabilité gouvernementale ; - aux réunions du Congrès ; Dans les notes en bas de page de la liste nominative des membres des Gouvernements, les formules utilisées correspondent aux cas suivants : * Devient : changement des fonctions gouvernementales * Nommé : légère modification des fonctions gouvernementales et changement de titre * Prend le titre de : changement de titre sans changement des fonctions gouvernementales. Le texte de la présente brochure a été établi par le Secrétariat général de la Présidence et le service de la Communication. - 3 - CONNAISSANCE DE L’ASSEMBLÉE 2 LES GOUVERNEMENTS ET LES ASSEMBLÉES PARLEMENTAIRES SOUS LA Ve RÉPUBLIQUE 1958-2004 (Données au 31 juillet) ASSEMBLÉE NATIONALE - 4 - TOUS DROITS RÉSERVÉS. La présente publication ne peut être fixée, par numérisation, mise en mémoire optique ou photocopie, ni reproduite ou transmise, par moyen électronique ou mécanique ou autres, sans l’autorisation préalable de l’Assemblée nationale. -
REY Commission (1967-1970)
COMPOSITION OF THE COMMISSION 1958-2004 HALLSTEIN Commission (1958-1967) REY Commission (1967-1970) MALFATTI – MANSHOLT Commission (1970-1973) ORTOLI Commission (1973-1977) JENKINS Commission (1977-1981) THORN Commission (1981-1985) DELORS Commission (1985) DELORS Commission (1986-1988) DELORS Commission (1989-1995) SANTER Commission (1995-1999) PRODI Commission (1999-2004) HALLSTEIN COMMISSION 1 January 1958 – 30 June 1967 TITLE RESPONSIBLITIES REPLACEMENT (Date appointed) Walter HALLSTEIN President Administration Sicco L. MANSHOLT Vice-President Agriculture Robert MARJOLIN Vice-President Economics and Finance Piero MALVESTITI Vice-President Internal Market Guiseppe CARON (resigned September 1959) (24 November 1959) (resigned 15 May 1963) Guido COLONNA di PALIANO (30 July 1964) Robert LEMAIGNEN Member Overseas Development Henri ROCHEREAU (resigned January 1962) (10 January 1962) Jean REY Member External Relations Hans von der GROEBEN Member Competition Guiseppe PETRILLI Member Social Affairs Lionello LEVI-SANDRI (resigned September 1960) (8 February 1961) named Vice-president (30 July 1064) Michel RASQUIN (died 27 April 1958) Member Transport Lambert SCHAUS (18 June 1958) REY COMMISSION 2 July 1967 – 1 July 1970 TITLE RESPONSIBLITIES REPLACEMENT (Date appointed) Jean REY President Secretariat General Legal Service Spokesman’s Service Sicco L. MANSHOLT Vice-president Agriculture Lionelle LEVI SANDRI Vice-president Social Affairs Personnel/Administration Fritz HELLWIG Vice-president Research and Technology Distribution of Information Joint -
Cofhuat 70 Ans D'initiatives
COFHUAT CONFÉDÉRATION FRANÇAISE POUR L’HABITAT, L’URBANISME, L’AMÉNAGEMENT DU TERRITOIRE 70 ANS D’INITIATIVES 1947 – 2017 ÉTAT - COLLECTIVITÉS TERRITORIALES CAISSE DES DÉPÔTS - SOCIÉTÉS D’AUTOROUTES ÉDITION LE COURRIER DE LA COFHUAT COFHUAT - 21 boulevard de Grenelle - 75015 Paris [email protected] www.cofhuat.org Section Française de la Fédération Internationale pour l’Habitation, l’Urbanisme et l’Aménagement des territoires (FIHUAT) Directeur de la Publication : François Leblond Impression : Navis - 4 chemin de Meyrefort - 333370 Pompignac www.navis-print.com Maquette : B&B Graphic - Tél. 01 42 73 23 69 ISSN : 1632-3645 Tirage : 500 Dépôt légal : Dès la parution ® Tous droits réservés COFHUAT LOGEMENT, URBANISME, AMÉNAGEMENT DU TERRITOIRE Une histoire construite autour d’hommes exceptionnels Eugène Claudius-Petit, François Bloch-Lainé, Paul Delouvrier, Pierre Méhaignerie, Christian Blanc, Jean-Louis Borloo Précédés par Henri Sellier, Henri Prost et Raoul Dautry FRANÇOIS LEBLOND BERNARD AUBERT, JEAN-NOËL HERMAN, ROBERT LAFONT, ALAIN LECOMTE CONFÉDÉRATION FRANÇAISE POUR L’HABITAT, L’URBANISME ET L’AMÉNAGEMENT DU TERRITOIRE 1947 – 2017 HOMMAGES AUX PRINCIPAUX ACTEURS DES CHANGEMENTS INTERVENUS EN FRANCE Eugène Claudius-Petit reconstruit le pays François Bloch-Lainé transforme les objectifs de la Caisse des Dépôts Paul Delouvrier organise la région parisienne avec les villes nouvelles Pierre Méhaignerie étend le réseau autoroutier aux territoires isolés Christian Blanc dessine le Grand Paris de XXI e siècle Jean-Louis Borloo bouleverse la -
Defence Policy Decisions
Defence What do I need to know before I start? In March 1948, five countries – Belgium, France, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom – signed the Treaty on Economic, Social and Cultural Collaboration and Collective Self-Defence, or Brussels Treaty, creating thereby a regional defence alliance which led to the establishment of the Western Union (WU). The Brussels Treaty implied an unconditional mutual defence commitment should any of its signatories be victim of an armed attack. This European initiative convinced the United States (followed by Canada) to participate to these security arrangements, which led to the signing of the North Atlantic Treaty in 1949 and to the establishment of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). The military organization established by the Brussels Treaty was to be incorporated into NATO to avoid duplication of efforts, and it was proposed (by French Minister René Pleven) to establish a European Defence Community (EDC), which would lead to the creation of a European Army that would fall under a single military and political authority, along with the gradual integration of Germany into the scheme. The Pleven Plan was eventually rejected by the French National Assembly in August 1954, and the Brussels Treaty was consequently amended at the Paris Conference, transforming the WU into the Western European Union (WEU) to include Italy and Germany. In October 1970, the European Political Cooperation (EPC) was set up following the foreign ministers’ approval of the Luxembourg Report, so as to coordinate their positions on diplomatic issues and to agree on common actions. The Single European Act of 1986 addressed the EPC and its relations to the Community (Title III), and recognized the need for member states “to co-ordinate their positions more closely on the political and economic aspects of security” (1986; Art. -
Table Des Débats Du Sénat
RÉPUBLIQUE FRANÇAISE TABLE DES DÉBATS DU SÉNAT Sessions de 1983 TABLE DES MATIÈRES ÉTABLIE PAR LE SERVICE DES ARCHIVES DU SÉNAT 26 lume Vo JOURNAUX OFFICIELS 26, rue Desaix — 75727 PARIS CEDEX 15 SÉNAT TABLE DES MATIÈRES Seconde session ordinaire de 1982-1983 . Du 2 avril au 30 juin 1983. Session extraordinaire Du ter juillet au 7 juillet 1983. Première session ordinaire de 1983-1984 Du 3 octobre au 21 décembre 1982. Session extraordinaire Le 22 décembre 1983. NOTA. — Les impressions du Sénat sont numérotées, pour chaque année, à compter du premier jour de la première session ordinaire (2 octobre) jusqu'au premier jour de la première session ordinaire de l'année suivante. ■■ AVERTISSEMENT La Table des Débats a pour objet de faciliter la recherche sur les sujets traités au cours des débats du Sénat. Elle se compose de deux parties distinctes : une Table nominative et une Table des matières. Elle met à la disposition du lecteur : — en regard des noms de MM. les Sénateurs et de MM. les Ministres, un résumé chronologique de leur activité au Sénat pendant l'année (Table nominative) ; —pour chacune des matières examinées par le Sénat, le résumé et l'analyse des travaux de ladite assemblée (Table des matières). Pour l'usage de la présente Table, il est précisé que les dates, seules, indiquent les dates des séances publiques concernées ; les dates, précédées des mentions «J O, Débats », renvoient aux dates du Journal officiel, Débats parlementaires, Sénat. Cette table des matières a été éditée principalement à partir de la base de donnée « Travaux du Sénat » élaborée par le Service des Archives du Sénat, en liaison avec le Service des Impressions, de la Documentation parlementaire et de l'Informatique, et interrogeable sur le centre serveur du Groupement de la Caisse des dépôts - Centre d'automatisation pour le management (GCAM). -
Wilfried Loth Building Europe
Wilfried Loth Building Europe Wilfried Loth Building Europe A History of European Unification Translated by Robert F. Hogg An electronic version of this book is freely available, thanks to the support of libra- ries working with Knowledge Unlatched. KU is a collaborative initiative designed to make high quality books Open Access. More information about the initiative can be found at www.knowledgeunlatched.org This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 License. For details go to http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. ISBN 978-3-11-042777-6 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-042481-2 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-042488-1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A CIP catalog record for this book has been applied for at the Library of Congress. Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available in the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. © 2015 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston Cover image rights: ©UE/Christian Lambiotte Typesetting: Michael Peschke, Berlin Printing: CPI books GmbH, Leck ♾ Printed on acid free paper Printed in Germany www.degruyter.com Table of Contents Abbreviations vii Prologue: Churchill’s Congress 1 Four Driving Forces 1 The Struggle for the Congress 8 Negotiations and Decisions 13 A Milestone 18 1 Foundation Years, 1948–1957 20 The Struggle over the Council of Europe 20 The Emergence of the Coal and Steel Community -
Politics: the Right Or the Wrong Sort of Medicine for the EU?
Policy paper N°19 Politics: The Right or the Wrong Sort of Medicine for the EU? Two papers by Simon Hix and Stefano Bartolini Notre Europe Notre Europe is an independent research and policy unit whose objective is the study of Europe – its history and civilisations, integration process and future prospects. The association was founded by Jacques Delors in the autumn of 1996 and presided by Tommaso Padoa- Schioppa since November 2005. It has a small team of in-house researchers from various countries. Notre Europe participates in public debate in two ways. First, publishing internal research papers and second, collaborating with outside researchers and academics to contribute to the debate on European issues. These documents are made available to a limited number of decision-makers, politicians, socio-economists, academics and diplomats in the various EU Member States, but are systematically put on our website. The association also organises meetings, conferences and seminars in association with other institutions or partners. Proceedings are written in order to disseminate the main arguments raised during the event. Foreword With the two papers published in this issue of the series “Policy Papers”, Notre Europe enters one of the critical debates characterising the present phase of the European construction. The debate revolves around the word ‘politicisation’, just as others revolve around words like ‘democracy’, ‘identity’, bureaucracy’, ‘demos’, ‘social’. The fact that the key words of the political vocabulary are gradually poured into the EU mould is in itself significant. In narrow terms, the issue at stake is whether the European institutions should become ‘politicised’ in the sense in which national institutions are, i.e. -
George Bush Presidential Library Records on Franco-American
George Bush Presidential Library 1000 George Bush Drive West College Station, TX 77845 phone: (979) 691-4041 fax: (979) 691-4030 http://bushlibrary.tamu.edu [email protected] Inventory for FOIA Request 2008-0030-F Records on Franco-American Relations Extent 2157 folders Access Collection is open to all researchers. Access to Bush Presidential Records is governed by the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA)(5 USC 552 as amended) and the Presidential Records Act (PRA)(44 USC 22) and therefore records may be restricted in whole or in part in accordance with legal exemptions. Copyright Documents in this collection that were prepared by officials of the United States government as part of their official duties are in the public domain. Researchers are advised to consult the copyright law of the United States (Title 17, USC) which governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Provenance Official records of George Bush’s presidency are housed at the George Bush Presidential Library and administered by the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) under the provisions of the Presidential Records Act (PRA). Processed By Staff Archivists, September–December 2010. Previously restricted materials are added as they are released. Scope and Content The materials listed in this finding aid are a selective, not necessarily all inclusive, body of documents responsive to several Bush Presidential Library FOIA requests regarding Franco-American Relations. This collection contains Bush Presidential Records, Bush Vice Presidential Records, and Quayle Vice Presidential Records from a variety of White House offices. The Bush Presidential materials consist of correspondence, schedules, participant lists, presidential remarks, press releases, and printed materials. -
Introduction 1 'Grandeurs Et Servitudes Européennes En Afrique' (European Greatness and Servitude in Africa) 2 Brussels Or
Notes Introduction 1 . This directorate was successively called: DG Countries and Overseas Territories, DG Overseas Development (1963), DG Development Aid (1968), DG Development (1975), DG Development and Cooperation (2010) (Niçaise, 2007). 1 ‘Grandeurs et Servitudes Européennes en Afrique’ (European Greatness and Servitude in Africa) * By reference to Albert Sarraut (Colonial Minister from 1920 to 1924 and again from 1932 to 1933): A. Sarraut (1931), Grandeur et Servitude Coloniales (Paris: Sagittaire). 1. French West Arica; French Equatorial Africa and all other French Overseas Territories; the Belgian Congo and Rwanda; the Trust territory of Somaliland under Italian Administration; Netherland New Guinea. Algeria was offered a specific status. 2 . Indeed, for a real free trade area to exist, overseas territories, once independent, would have had to abolish trade barriers among themselves. However, the associates were left to determine their own trade relations with each other and third parties. 3 . According to Grilli, it represented no more than 10% of the total amount of aid delivered by the Member States. 4 . Within the framework of the FIDES, projects for funding were proposed by local colonial authorities with the help of consultancy ‘bureaux’, either public or private. They were assessed by the central administration in Paris, approved by a Committee chaired by the Minister of Overseas France and implemented by the local authorities with the help of French firms (Valette, 1984, pp. 222–223). 2 Brussels or the Last French Colony: French Colonial Officials’ Leadership in Designing DG8 1 . The DG8 chart before 1963: Directorate A: Affaires Générales. Directorate B: Etudes et programmes de Développement. -
Extraits De La Déclaration D'investiture De Pierre
EXTRAITS DE LA DÉCLARATION D’INVESTITURE DE PIERRE MENDÈS FRANCE (17 JUIN 1954) Dominique Lejeune To cite this version: Dominique Lejeune. EXTRAITS DE LA DÉCLARATION D’INVESTITURE DE PIERRE MENDÈS FRANCE (17 JUIN 1954) : Commentaire de texte. DEUG. Hypokhâgne du lycée Condorcet (Paris), France. 1982, pp.16. cel-01493575 HAL Id: cel-01493575 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/cel-01493575 Submitted on 21 Mar 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution - NonCommercial - NoDerivatives| 4.0 International License INVESTITURE PIERRE MENDES FRANCE 1 EXTRAITS DE LA DÉCLARATION D’INVESTITURE DE PIERRE MENDÈS FRANCE (17 JUIN 1954). COMMENTAIRE DE TEXTE PAR DOMINIQUE LEJEUNE, PROF DR DR « […] [Négociation sur l’Indochine] Et aujourd’hui, il me semble que nous pouvons être réunis dans une volonté de paix qui traduit l’aspiration du pays. C’est solidairement aussi que nous sommes engagés dans une négociation. Mon devoir est de vous dire dans quel état d’esprit je l’aborderai, si vous m’en chargez. Depuis plusieurs années déjà, une paix de compromis, une paix négociée avec l’adversaire me semblait commandée par les faits, tandis qu’elle commandait, à son tour, la remise en ordre de nos finances, le redressement de notre économie et son expansion.