Annual Report of Secretary State Highway Department Year 1930

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Annual Report of Secretary State Highway Department Year 1930 Annual Report of Secretary of the State Highway Department Year 1930 Dover, Delaware, January 26, 1931. To the Chairm'ln and Members of the State Highway Department Gentlemen: I submit herewith, for your information and consideration, a report of the finances of the Department for the year ending Decem­ ber 31,1930, included in which are the following statements: (a) Page 57-The budget of the Department for the year 1931, showing an excess of revenue of $977,345.00, which war­ rants a bond issue of $13,962,071.00 during 1931. (b) Page 58-Financial statement as of December 31, 1930, showhg a cash balance of $217,272.2 S and an excess of liabilities over assets of $4,129.45. (c) Page 59-List of uncompleted contracts showing an esti­ mated cost of completion to the State of $169,288.87. (d) Page 59-Federal Aid, showing a balance remaining of $477,938.51; of this amount $9,171.89 was unaIlotted on December 31, 1930. (e) Page 61-Net expenditures, showing total expenditures for the year of $2,913,581.47 with net expenditures of $2,433" 354.01. (f) Page 62-Summarized receipts for year totalling $3,130,· 853.72. 53 (g) Page 63-Summarized expenditures for the year of $2,913,­ 581.47. (h) Page 64-Tabulation showing date and amount of each bond retirement since July 1, 1929. (i) Page 65-Tabulation of Highway Bonds outstanding, totalling $4,245,000.00 with annual interest and sinking fund charges of $282,625.00. (j) Page 6S-Statement of cash paid into sinking fund for amortization of outstanding bonds, totalling $2,051,925.00. (k) Page 66-Tabulation of income from Motor Vehicle Regis­ tration and Title Fees, Gasoline Tax, Police Fines and Federal Aid for the years 1917 to 1930 inclusive. (I) Page 67-Public Lands Account. (m) Page 69--Comparative Summarized Statement of Income for years 1924 to 1930. (n) Page 70-Comparative Summarized Statement of Expendi­ tures for years 1924 to 1930. (0) Page 72-Statement of Income and Expenditures, being the regular monthly statement for December, 1930. It will be noted, in the following statements, that the 1931 Motor Vehicle Registration and Title Fees, collected during Novem­ ber and December, 1930, have been included in the 1930 income. In making comparisons with previous years, these 1931 fees should be deducted from the figures given. BUDGET FOR The budget was prepared as required by 1931 statute and was presented to the Department and formally adopted at the meeting of November 25, 1930. INCOME AND EXPENDITURES During the year no FROM BOND SALES, FEDERAL State Highway bonds were AID, ETC. sold. The income from Fed­ eral Aid, and certain refunds, reimbursements and miscellaneous items, amounted to $395,415.07, all of which was expended for Permanent Road Construction. 54 INCOME AND EXPENDITURES Receipts from Motor FROM REVENUE Vehicle Registration and Title Fees, Gawline Tax, Police Fines, Refunds, Reimbursements, Rentals and Miscellaneous Sales, including the January 1, 1930, bal­ ance of $6,257.98, amounted to $2,735,438.65, of which $509,970.00 was collected for 1931 Auto Registration and Title Fees. There was expended from this, for Maintenance, Highway Police, Fixed Charges, Administration and Permanent and Secondary Road Construction, a total of $2,518,166.40, leaving a balance of $217,272.25. FEDERAL Federal Aid to the State was increased by $243,­ AID 750.00 for the fiscal year beginning July 1, 1930. Added to this i:; $1,634.00 of Hawaii's unused share of 1928 funds, making a total of $611,009.00 which must be matched by funds of the State, from the Federal Emergency Fund of $400,000.00 made available at this time from funds to be distributed during the years 1933 to 1938 inclusive or from both. FIXED Under the plan adopted during the year 1929, CHARGES for placing the Department on a pay-as-you-go basis by cancelling the outstanding State Highway bonds as the funds be­ come available, bonds amounting to $5,685,000.00 were retired during 1930. This resulted in a reduction of $383,545.00 in interest and sinking fund charges for the year. A total of $7,785,000.00 of bonds have been retired during the years 1929 and 1930 and a further reduction is assured for the year 1931. By referring to the Comparative Summarized Statement of Ex­ penditures on page 70, it will be seen that fixed charges for 1930 were 23 % of t he expenditures of the Department for all purposes as against 33 1/3~;) in 1928 and 14ft) in 1924. The Comparative Summarized Statement of Income, page 69, shows the Fixed Charges for 1930 to be 31 ft) of the income of the Department from revenues as against 6370 in 1928 and 14'/rj in 1924. ANALYSIS OF It will be noted from the Financial State- FINANCIAL ment on page 58, that there was carried into the CONDITION year 1931 Assets, consisting of Federal Aid and Accounts Receivable including the Balance from year 1930, amount­ ing to $702,538.70, and Liabilities, consisting of Contracts and Ac­ 55 counts Payable, amounting to $196,698.15. Accordingly, the assets exceed the liabilities by $505,840.55, but without the 1931 Auto Registration and Title Fees of $509,970.00, the situation would be reversed and the Liabilities would exceed the assets by $4,129.45. With the Auto Registration and Title Fees included in each year, there is a reduction of $98,462.39 in the financial standing of the Depart­ ment over a year ago. This should be somewhat changed during the coming year by a further reduction of fixed charges ar;d increased Federal Aid money made available through the emergency fund. HIGHWAY The total expenditures for the State Highway POLICE Police for the year 1930 amounted to $134,127.15 while the income from fines and miscellaneous sales and refunds was $77,675.16, resulting in a net cost of operation of $56,451.99. COMPARISON OF A comparison of funds available, ACCOUNTS FOR THE expenses and balance carried forward to YEARS 1929 AND 1930 the following year, for the years 1929 and 1930, brings out some interesting facts, as follows: The Balance at the end of the year 1929 shows a de­ crease of $228,345.33 over 1928. No income was received through sale of bonds in 1930 against $480,105.20 in 1929, but this is partly offset by a decrease in Interest and Sinking Fund charges of $405,045.00 through retirement of State Highway Bonds, leaving a net decrease in income of $75,060.20. Nothing was received from the Counties on State Aid work in 1930 against $66,341.14 in 1929. This is partly offset by a decrease of $10,162.50 in expenditures for inter­ est on County Highway Bonds, making a net decrease for 1930 of $56,178.64. Receipts from Federal Aid were $131,952.28 less in 1930 than 1929. Income from Gasoline Tax and Motor Vehicle Fees for 1930 increased $179,294.30 over 1929. Expenditures for construction of State Highways in 1930 were $129,766.92 more than in 1929, but this is more 56 than offset by the elimination of expenditures for State Aid Highways in 1930 against $219,131.70 in 1929. The net decrease amounted to $89,364.78. Expenditures for maintenance of State Highways in 1930 were $34,397.63 more than in 1929. From this list, which includes only items in which there is an appreciable difference between the two years, it appears that the net decrease in funds available in 1930 from those in 1929 exceeds the net decrease in expenditures by $257,275.00. The balance at the end of the year 1930 shows a decrease of $298,955.73 over 1929. Respectfully submitted, ALLEN CRAIG, Secretary. 57 STATE HIGHWAY DEPARTMENT DOVER, DELAWARE BUDGET FOR YEAR 1931 ESTIMATED REVENUES License fees of motor v2hieles and operators of same for year 1031 __ . $1,062,000.00 Tax on motor fuels ... _. _ 1,U09,5UO.00 Traffic police fines 50,UOO.00 Title fees 32,50U,00 Total estimated revenu~s _.__ _________ $2,154,000.00 ESTIMATED EXPENDITURES FIXED CHARGES: Interest and Sinking Fund: Bond issues of 1922, 1023 Intel-est at 4% % and sinking fund charges at 2%r/o or 7(/0 011 . •• ..• _•• ~ _ ~ 1,340,000,00 $ 03,800.00 Bond issues of 1922 1 21,. 25, 26, 27, 2H 2~ Interest at. 4'k amI sinking- fund charges a t 21/~ (;'0 or 6 ~i2 j{, on 2.UU:;,00O.00 188,825,00 --_._---­ Total bond is:~ues at 12/31/:JO _ $ 1-,245,000.00 ------ Total interest and sinking fund on St.ate IIig-hway bonds year 1931 (exclusive of any bonds which IIlay be issued in 1931) _ 2A2,fi25.00 Int.erest on County Hig-hwav bonds a," required by Chap. Oii (Vol. 3;"'5, Laws of Dela\var<,) New Castle County 120,730.00 Kent County 91,112.50 Sussex County 12R,fiA7.50 319,530.00 n:12,1;,)5.00 MAINTENANCE OF ROADS: State Hig-hways, ('umpleted or under contract, ~10 miles at $350.00 2~:I.;"lOO.01) State Hig-hwayfO propose<], 70 111iJes at $300,00 _ 21,0011,00 Plant and equipment a:i,OOO.OO 3:;0,500.00 ORGANIZATION: Salaries not f'har~enble to particular work, expenses and incidentals; equipment nnd sBpplic~ 10.000.00 J,eA'al _ 5,OUO.OU Traffic Police 110,000,00 lR5,OOO.OO ----- Total e~timated expenditures $ 1,170,65.>.UO EXCESS OF llEVENUE ~'Olt YEAR 1031 $ 077,345.00 EXCESS Of' HE VE~lJE.
Recommended publications
  • Records of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, 1891-1957, Record Group 85 New Orleans, Louisiana Crew Lists of Vessels Arriving at New Orleans, LA, 1910-1945
    Records of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, 1891-1957, Record Group 85 New Orleans, Louisiana Crew Lists of Vessels Arriving at New Orleans, LA, 1910-1945. T939. 311 rolls. (~A complete list of rolls has been added.) Roll Volumes Dates 1 1-3 January-June, 1910 2 4-5 July-October, 1910 3 6-7 November, 1910-February, 1911 4 8-9 March-June, 1911 5 10-11 July-October, 1911 6 12-13 November, 1911-February, 1912 7 14-15 March-June, 1912 8 16-17 July-October, 1912 9 18-19 November, 1912-February, 1913 10 20-21 March-June, 1913 11 22-23 July-October, 1913 12 24-25 November, 1913-February, 1914 13 26 March-April, 1914 14 27 May-June, 1914 15 28-29 July-October, 1914 16 30-31 November, 1914-February, 1915 17 32 March-April, 1915 18 33 May-June, 1915 19 34-35 July-October, 1915 20 36-37 November, 1915-February, 1916 21 38-39 March-June, 1916 22 40-41 July-October, 1916 23 42-43 November, 1916-February, 1917 24 44 March-April, 1917 25 45 May-June, 1917 26 46 July-August, 1917 27 47 September-October, 1917 28 48 November-December, 1917 29 49-50 Jan. 1-Mar. 15, 1918 30 51-53 Mar. 16-Apr. 30, 1918 31 56-59 June 1-Aug. 15, 1918 32 60-64 Aug. 16-0ct. 31, 1918 33 65-69 Nov. 1', 1918-Jan. 15, 1919 34 70-73 Jan. 16-Mar. 31, 1919 35 74-77 April-May, 1919 36 78-79 June-July, 1919 37 80-81 August-September, 1919 38 82-83 October-November, 1919 39 84-85 December, 1919-January, 1920 40 86-87 February-March, 1920 41 88-89 April-May, 1920 42 90 June, 1920 43 91 July, 1920 44 92 August, 1920 45 93 September, 1920 46 94 October, 1920 47 95-96 November, 1920 48 97-98 December, 1920 49 99-100 Jan.
    [Show full text]
  • Droughts of 1930-34
    UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Harold L. Ickes, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY W. C. Mendenhall, Director Water-Supply Paper 680 DROUGHTS OF 1930-34 BY JOHN C. UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1936 i'For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C. Price 20 cents CONTENTS Page Introduction ________ _________-_--_____-_-__---___-__________ 1 Droughts of 1930 and 1931_____._______________________ 5 Causes_____________________________________________________ 6 Precipitation. ____________________________________________ 6 Temperature ____________-_----_--_-_---___-_-_-_-_---_-_- 11 Wind.._.. _ 11 Effect on ground and surface water____________________________ 11 General effect___________________________________________ 11 Ground water___________________________ _ _____________ _ 22 Surface water___________________________________________ 26 Damage___ _-___---_-_------------__---------___-----_----_ 32 Vegetation.____________________________________________ 32 Domestic and industrial water supplies_____________________ 36 Health____-_--___________--_-_---_-----_-----_-_-_--_.__- 37 Power.______________________________________________ 38 Navigation._-_-----_-_____-_-_-_-_--__--_------_____--___ 39 Recreation and wild life--___--_---__--_-------------_--_-__ 41 Relief - ---- . 41 Drought of 1934__ 46 Causes_ _ ___________________________________________________ 46 Precipitation.____________________________________________ 47 Temperature._____________---_-___----_________-_________ 50 Wind_____________________________________________
    [Show full text]
  • Two Bells December 1930
    111111111111111111 111111111111111111111 (The Living Christmas Trees By Grace Freeman Pease HAVI: ou wandered through those magic groves Of giant redwood trees; And sniffed the spicy, fragrant air And woodsmoke on the breeze? Have you followed dusky trails to catch That shifting, dappled light; The sun through weaving lacy green, A mystic acolyte? Have von gazed through arches high and far Like dim cathedral aisles, And sensed the dignity and peace Of trees, for miles and miles? Have you heard far through the waking woods A blue-jay's morning call: And pondered there in reverence The wonder of it all? Have you counted in the redwood trees A million lofty spires; Or bowed before the embers' glow Like sacrificial fires? If you have, you've caught the radiance. The fragrance, and the song. And life shall know the secret spells That to the trees belong. 41•-r. - 11#411.— E" Nvo.xxxvo ,,,,,V 7* I 4/ • ' " IE21374. • ,aim/4r DE( f',.MBER, 1'1 1 50 To The Trainmen HE year 1930, which is rapidly drawing to a close has been another year of trials and tribulations. Many annoying problems that have confronted us during the past twelve months have been met and con- quered, all due to the wonderful spirit of cooperation of the employes of the Transportation Department. Some of these problems have not been com- pletely eliminated, and are lying dormant, and it will take several months of untiring effort on the part of everyone to overcome these difficulties. But these problems, like all those in the past, will, I am sure, be satisfactorily handled because we know that the men in the platform service have never yet failed to give us full cooperation when they understood.
    [Show full text]
  • Titles Filmed Incomplete
    Preserving the History of U.S. Agriculture and Rural Life Grant Project: Washington State Titles Filmed Incomplete We made every effort to film all titles as complete as possible. However, we were unable to locate some issues and pages for several titles and these were filmed incomplete. If you or your institution owns any of the following missing issues or pages, please let us know. Funding permitting, we will film any of the missing issues. Biennial report of the Department of Agriculture of the state of Washington to the Governor, 1918‐[1970] (Earlier title: Report of the Department of Agriculture of the state of Washington to the Governor) Missing Reports: Report 14 (1938/1940) missing or never published? Report 27 (1964/1966) missing or never published? Cooperator (Pullman, Wash.) Jan. 1920‐ Oct. 1931 Missing Issues: Volume 1 no. 3 (February 1920) Volume 5 no. 6 (June 1924) Volume 11 no. 12 (December 1930) Volume 12 no. 3 (March 1931) Volume 12 no. 5 (May 1931) Volume 12 no. 6 (June 1931) The Northwest farm & orchard, Feb. 1910‐ Mar. 1912 Missing Issues: Volume 1, Nos. 1‐6, 12 Volume 2, Nos. 1, 3‐4, 7, 9 Volume 3, Nos. 2‐4, 6‐7 Northwest fruit grower (Seattle, Wash.) [1920‐1922] Missing Issues: Ceases with volume 4 no. 3 (March 1922)? Northwest fruit grower (Wenatchee, Wash.) Apr. 1930‐ July 1939 Missing Issues: Volume 1 ‐ Volume 2 nos. 1‐30? Volume 8 nos. 7‐12 (July‐December 1936) missing or never published. Volume 10 no. 10 (October 1938). Ceases with Volume 11 no.
    [Show full text]
  • Vital Statistics, 1930-1939 (PDF)
    IAPIOAYE Vital Statistics 1930-1939 Translations by Etta Perkins 107 IAPIOAYE VITAL STATISTICS 1930-1939 Most names translated by Etta Perkins Those names marked with # Translated by Pat Spears and friends • Volume 59-January 1930 #1 Baptism pg 3 MITCHELL, CURTIS WILLIAM son of Mr. & Mrs. Albert Mitchell bap 11-10-1929 - Parmelee, SD [v 59 # 1 p 3] FRAZIER, RAMONA MILDRED dau of Mr. & Mrs. Earlwin Frazier bap 11-10-1929 - Parmelee, SD [v 59 # 1 p 3] EAGLEHAWK, BARBARA PANSY dau of Mr. & Mrs. Raymon (Louisa) Eaglehawk bap 12-29-1929 - Cannupsapa (Norris, SD) [v 59 # 1 p 3] EPSEN, LEONA dau of Mrs Elsie Isabel Epsen, born 10-12-1920, bap 1-1-1930 - Ohnihde (Pilgraim) [v 59 # 1 p 3] EPSEN, DONALD son of Mrs Elsie Isabel Epsen born 5-8-1922, bap 1-1-1930 - Ohnihde (Pilgrim) [v 59 # 1 p 3] EPSEN, MARVIN son of Mrs Elsie Isabel Epsen born 10-18-1923 bap 1-1-1930 - Ohnihde (Pilgrim) [v 59 # 1 p 3] EPSEN, ALVIN son of Mrs Elsie Isabel Epsen born 10-19-1926 bap 1-1-1930- Ohnihde (Pilgrim) [v 59 # 1 p 3] EPSEN, BETTY JEAN dau of Mrs. Elsie Isabel Epsen born 1-24-1928 bap 1-1-1930 - Ohnihde (Pilgrim) [v 59 # 1 p 3] ONESKUNK, ARTHUR bap 12-16-1920 - Frazier Memorial, Chase, SD [v 59 # 1 p 3] Baptism pg 3 KITTO, BERLIN MYRTLE dau of Mr.& Mrs. David (Nancy) Kitto born 10-21-1929 (?), bap 10-20-1929 - Cankuwaste (Good Road - Stanford, SD) [v 59 # 1 p 3] LONGWARRIER, GERMAINE ETHEL dau of Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Scrapbook Inventory
    E COLLECTION, H. L. MENCKEN COLLECTION, ENOCH PRATT FREE LIBRARY Scrapbooks of Clipping Service Start and End Dates for Each Volume Volume 1 [sealed, must be consulted on microfilm] Volume 2 [sealed, must be consulted on microfilm] Volume 3 August 1919-November 1920 Volume 4 December 1920-November 1921 Volume 5 December 1921-June-1922 Volume 6 May 1922-January 1923 Volume 7 January 1923-August 1923 Volume 8 August 1923-February 1924 Volume 9 March 1924-November 1924 Volume 10 November 1924-April 1925 Volume 11 April 1925-September 1925 Volume 12 September 1925-December 1925 Volume 13 December 1925-February 1926 Volume 14 February 1926-September 1926 Volume 15 1926 various dates Volume 16 July 1926-October 1926 Volume 17 October 1926-December 1926 Volume 18 December 1926-February 1927 Volume 19 February 1927-March 1927 Volume 20 April 1927-June 1927 Volume 21 June 1927-August 1927 Volume 22 September 1927-October 1927 Volume 23 October 1927-November 1927 Volume 24 November 1927-February 1928 Volume 25 February 1928-April 1928 Volume 26 May 1928-July 1928 Volume 27 July 1928-December 1928 Volume 28 January 1929-April 1929 Volume 29 May 1929-November 1929 Volume 30 November 1929-February 1930 Volume 31 March 1930-April 1930 Volume 32 May 1930-August 1930 Volume 33 August 1930-August 1930. Volume 34 August 1930-August 1930 Volume 35 August 1930-August 1930 Volume 36 August 1930-August 1930 Volume 37 August 1930-September 1930 Volume 38 August 1930-September 1930 Volume 39 August 1930-September 1930 Volume 40 September 1930-October 1930 Volume
    [Show full text]
  • United States Department of Agriculture
    A BR. A..297 IssuedFebruary,1932 United States Department of Agriculture SERVICE AND REGULATORY ANNOUNCEMENTS BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY JANUARY. 1932 [This publication is issued monthly for the dissemination of information, instructions, rulings, etc. concerning the work of the Bureau of Animal Industry. Free distribution is limited to pers ns in the service of the bureau, establishments at which the Federal meat inspection is conducted, pubic office's whose duties make it desirable for them to have such information, and journals especially concerned. Others desiring copies may obtain them from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., at 5 cents each, or 25 cents a year. A supply will be sent to to each official in charge of a station or branch of the bureau service, who should promptly distribute copies to members of his force. A file should be kept at each station for reference.] CONTENTS Page Changes in directory ------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 Notices regarding meat inspection-------- .- .----------------------------------------------------- 2 Foreign meat-inspection officials----------------------------------------------------- 2 Certification of lard destined to Ecuador----------------------------------------------- 3 Facsimile of Austrian meat-inspection certificate.----------------------------------------- 3 Animals slaughtered under Federal meat inspection, December, 1931------------- ---------------- 3 Causes of condemnations of carcasses, November,
    [Show full text]
  • The Foreign Service Journal, December 1930
    Reason’s (greetings pg - BANKING AND INVESTMENT SERVICE THROUGHOUT THE WORLD The National City Bank of New York and Affiliated Institutions THE NATIONAL CITY BANK OF NEW YORK HEAD OFFICE: 55 WALL STREET, NEW YORK Foreign Branches in ARGENTINA . BELGIUM . BRAZIL . CHILE . CHINA . COLOMBIA . CUBA DOMINICAN REPUBLIC . ENGLAND . INDIA . ITALY . JAPAN . MANCHURIA . MEXICO . PERU . PHILIPPINE ISLANDS . PORTO RICO . REPUBLIC OF PANAMA . STRAITS SETTLEMENTS . URUGUAY . VENEZUELA. THE NATIONAL CITY BANK OF NEW YORK (FRANCE) S. A. Paris 41 BOULEVARD HAUSSMANN 44 AVENUE DES CHAMPS ELYSEES Nice 6 JARDIN du Roi ALBERT 1 er INTERNATIONAL BANKING CORPORATION Head Office: 55 WALL STREET, NEW YORK Foreign and Domestic Branches in UNITED STATES . SPAIN . ENGLAND and Representatives in The National City Bank Chinese Branches BANQUE NATIONALE DE LA REPUBLIQUE D’HAITI Head Office: PORT AU-PRINCE, HAITI CITY BANK FARMERS TRUST COMPANY Head Office: 22 WILLIAM STREET, NEW YORK THE NATIONAL CITY COMPANY HEAD OFFICE OFFICES IN 50 LEADING 55 WALL STREET, NEW YORK AMERICAN CITIES Foreign Offices: LONDON . AMSTERDAM . GENEVA . TOKIO . SHANGHAI Canadian Offices: MONTREAL . TORONTO The National City Company, through its offices and affiliations in the United States and abroad, offers a world-wide investment service to those interested in Dollar Securities. London Offices 54. BISHOPSGATE, E. C. 2 11, WATERLOO PLACE, S. \V. 1 THE FOREIGN S JOURNAL PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY THE AMERICAN POREI GN SERVICE ASSOCIATION VOL. VII, No. 12 WASHINGTON, D. C. DECEMBER, 1930 The Pilgrims at Southampton By JOHN H. BRUINS, Consul, Southampton, England “In all nations, history is disfigured by fable, till at last rockbound coast” of December, 1620, is a familiar philosophy comes to enlighten man .
    [Show full text]
  • Consumption and Investment Booms in the Twenties and Their Collapse in 1930
    Consumption and Investment Booms in the Twenties and Their Collapse in 1930 Steven Gjerstad and Vernon L. Smith 1. Interpretations of the Great Depression ……………………… 2 2. Expansion during the roaring twenties ……………………..... 9 3. Residential mortgage debt boom and collapse ……………..... 15 4. Housing sales and house price declines, 1926 – 1933 ……….. 18 5. Mortgage bond defaults, foreclosure, and unemployment ….... 24 6. Bank deleveraging ……………………………………………. 30 7. Channels of contraction ………………………………………. 34 8. Conclusions …………………………………………………... 40 1 1 Interpretations of the Great Depression Similarities between the financial crisis in September 2008 and the collapse of the financial system during the depression have been widely noted. Yet the similar origins and transmission of the crises have been neglected. The recent downturn, which originated with a widespread and pronounced housing boom and collapse, led to severe household balance sheet problems that were transmitted to lenders and mortgage security investors. Damage to household balance sheets weakened household demand for housing and durable goods, which adversely affected production; as a result of declining demand, employment fell, which reinforced the collapses of consumer durable goods and residential investment. This pattern is not a part of the dominant view of the causes of the depression, but we argue in this chapter that changes in levels of mortgage finance, residential construction, and the broader economy preceding and during the initial phases of the Great Depression shared many features with the recent Great Recession. There are certainly important differences between the two episodes – most importantly the limited response of the Federal Reserve to the financial crisis that began in late 1930 and the resulting monetary collapse from December 1930 to April 1933 – but we argue in this chapter that the origins of the two downturns are remarkably similar.
    [Show full text]
  • Anta 604 – Personal Supervised Project
    PCAS 2010/11 ANTA 604 – PERSONAL SUPERVISED PROJECT ‘Who wouldn’t come down here to see such sights as these!’: The Antarctic Environment and the Diary of Ritchie Simmers Alex Moffat-Wood Supervised by Kate Hunter Alex Moffat-Wood 1 Ritchie Simmers began his diary entry for Thursday 29 January 1931: ‘Were I truly the realist which … I [recently] claimed to be I would merely enter for today “Gale, high sea” and leave it at that but the conditions have been bad enough to deserve more comment than that’.1 Simmers was the meteorologist on the British, Australian, and New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition (BANZARE). The expedition consisted of two voyages to the Antarctic on the SS Discovery, of Robert Falcon Scott fame, in the austral summers of 1929-1930 and 1930-1931, led by Sir Douglas Mawson. Simmers kept a diary during both voyages, and in his entry above he captures two of the major themes of the diary as a whole: his conscious construction of the diary’s form, held in his overt rejection of a short entry (albeit with a theatrical wink at the reader); and his engagement with and construction of the Antarctic environment, in his interest in describing the stormy weather in greater depth. This study seeks to explore, through his expedition diary, how Simmers engaged with the Antarctic environment and how he recorded that engagement in his diary. This engagement, and its rendering in the diary, are important as they comprise a significant part of the environment itself. People create an 1 Ritchie G.
    [Show full text]
  • Guide, University Athletics Scrapbook Collection
    A Guide to the University Athletics Scrapbook Collection 1892-1970 3.0 Items UPS 2 S864 The University Archives and Records Center 3401 Market Street, Suite 210 Philadelphia, PA 19104-3358 215.898.7024 Fax: 215.573.2036 www.archives.upenn.edu Mark Frazier Lloyd, Director University Athletics Scrapbook Collection UPS 2 S864 TABLE OF CONTENTS INVENTORY.................................................................................................................................. 2 MICROFILM.............................................................................................................................2 ORIGINAL SCRAPBOOKS...................................................................................................10 ORIGINAL SCRAPBOOKS, SAMPLED PAGES................................................................11 University Athletics Scrapbook Collection UPS 2 S864 Guide to the University Athletics Scrapbook Collection 1892-1970 UPS 2 S864 3.0 Items Access is granted in accordance with the Protocols for the University Archives and Records Center. - 1 - University Athletics Scrapbook Collection UPS 2 S864 University Athletics Scrapbook Collection 1892-1970 UPS 2 S864 Access is granted in accordance with the Protocols for the University Archives and Records Center. INVENTORY MICROFILM Box Folder All sports 4: (loose clippings, mostly football, 1892-97, 1927, 1944) 1 2 8: 24 June 1898-14 January 1898 1 2 3: 6 March 1899-26 November 1900 1 1 7: scrapbook kept by M.J. McNally 1 March 1900-2 December 1 4 1901 1: 26 March 1900-4
    [Show full text]
  • A Lesson from the Great Depression That the Fed Might Have Learned
    A Lesson from the Great Depression that the Fed Might have Learned: A Comparison of the 1932 Open Market Purchases with Quantitative Easing Michael Bordo1 Department of Economics, Rutgers University, Hoover Institute (Stanford University) and NBER Arunima Sinha2 (Department of Economics, Fordham University) September 2015 . 1 Email: [email protected]. Contact: New Jersey Hall, 75 Hamilton Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08901. 2 Email: [email protected]. Contact: 113 W 60th street, Lowenstein building Rm 924, New York, NY 10024. We are grateful to Vasco Cúrdia for providing us access to his codes, and discussing our paper. Comments from audiences at the conferences on Expectations in Dynamic Macroeconomic Models, the Econometric Society World Congress (Montreal) and European Economic Association (Mannheim) meetings are gratefully acknowledged. 1 Abstract We examine the first QE program through the lens of an open-market operation under- taken by the Federal Reserve in 1932, at the height of the Great Depression. This program entailed large purchases of medium- and long-term securities over a four-month period. There were no prior announcements about the size or composition of the operation, how long it would be put in place, and the program ended abruptly. Using a dataset with weekly-level Treasury holdings of the Federal Reserve in 1932, and the corresponding yields, we first conduct an event study analysis. This indicates that the 1932 program significantly low- ered medium- and long-term Treasury yields. We then use a segmented markets model to analyze the channel through which the open-market purchases affected the economy. Quar- terly data from 1920-32 is used to estimate the model with Bayesian methods, employing the methodology of Chen, Cúrdia and Ferrero (2012).
    [Show full text]