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The Foreign Service Journal, December 1930

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The Foreign Service Journal, December 1930 Reason’s (greetings pg - BANKING AND INVESTMENT SERVICE THROUGHOUT THE WORLD The National City Bank of New York and Affiliated Institutions THE NATIONAL CITY BANK OF NEW YORK HEAD OFFICE: 55 WALL STREET, NEW YORK Foreign Branches in ARGENTINA . BELGIUM . BRAZIL . CHILE . CHINA . COLOMBIA . CUBA DOMINICAN REPUBLIC . ENGLAND . INDIA . ITALY . JAPAN . MANCHURIA . MEXICO . PERU . PHILIPPINE ISLANDS . PORTO RICO . REPUBLIC OF PANAMA . STRAITS SETTLEMENTS . URUGUAY . VENEZUELA. THE NATIONAL CITY BANK OF NEW YORK (FRANCE) S. A. Paris 41 BOULEVARD HAUSSMANN 44 AVENUE DES CHAMPS ELYSEES Nice 6 JARDIN du Roi ALBERT 1 er INTERNATIONAL BANKING CORPORATION Head Office: 55 WALL STREET, NEW YORK Foreign and Domestic Branches in UNITED STATES . SPAIN . ENGLAND and Representatives in The National City Bank Chinese Branches BANQUE NATIONALE DE LA REPUBLIQUE D’HAITI Head Office: PORT AU-PRINCE, HAITI CITY BANK FARMERS TRUST COMPANY Head Office: 22 WILLIAM STREET, NEW YORK THE NATIONAL CITY COMPANY HEAD OFFICE OFFICES IN 50 LEADING 55 WALL STREET, NEW YORK AMERICAN CITIES Foreign Offices: LONDON . AMSTERDAM . GENEVA . TOKIO . SHANGHAI Canadian Offices: MONTREAL . TORONTO The National City Company, through its offices and affiliations in the United States and abroad, offers a world-wide investment service to those interested in Dollar Securities. London Offices 54. BISHOPSGATE, E. C. 2 11, WATERLOO PLACE, S. \V. 1 THE FOREIGN S JOURNAL PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY THE AMERICAN POREI GN SERVICE ASSOCIATION VOL. VII, No. 12 WASHINGTON, D. C. DECEMBER, 1930 The Pilgrims at Southampton By JOHN H. BRUINS, Consul, Southampton, England “In all nations, history is disfigured by fable, till at last rockbound coast” of December, 1620, is a familiar philosophy comes to enlighten man . .”—Voltaire* Thanksgiving theme. But in Southampton, the THERE are many philosophers in South¬ Pilgrims are even now a frequent drawing-room ampton. They all willingly admit that the topic of conversation. The year 1620 does not Pilgrims of 1620 may seem so long ago here as it does have debarked finally from in America. Most of the inci¬ Plymouth. They are equally dents related may be readily unanimous that had not chance X verified from written records. and a rascally captain inter¬ In all, the Pilgrims emerge vened “Southampton Rock" from the babble equally ad¬ might have become a famous mired, far more human and name in the annals of a great less idealized than is the case nation. For it was from in America. Let us look at Southampton that the Pilgrim them through the philosophy Fathers planned to start on of Southampton’s spectacles; their great venture, and it was “I will harry you out of the from Southampton that the land” was the threat of first start was actually made. James I. A harsh word this, Thus do the two old towns cf and he doubtless meant it. By southern England vie with forming a separatist congrega¬ each other even to the present tion at Scrooby, England, in day for the honor of having 1606 they were subject to nurtured the Pilgrim hand. severe persecution. In the Thus in Southampton do peo¬ words of William Bradford, ple even now content them¬ they were “hunted and perse¬ selves with the philosophy of cuted on every side what might have been. and ye most were faine to flie It is not the purpose of this and leave their houses and sketch to dwell at length upon habitations and the means of the well-known religious mo¬ their livelehood.” This was tives or early peregrinations of probably much less simple the Pilgrims. The physical than ordering a moving van hardship of the “stern and and vacating a modern six- room flat. * Introduction to Voltaire’s “Essai Photo by J. H. Bruins. Then came the sojourn in sur les moeurs et l’esprit des Nations, et sur les principaux faits de l’historie MAYFLOWER MONUMENT Holland and the final decision denuis Charlemagne jusqu’a Louis XIII.” Southampton, England. Erected 1913 to cross the Atlantic. But 437 how to obtain the funds? The Pilgrims were famous compact, which was later revised and chronically hard up. Such is the price of pur¬ signed in the cabin of the Mayflower. The Bar suing an ideal. What to do? Two members of Gate is incidentally one of the four gates of the the congregation, Carver and Cushman, were sent ancient walled town of Southampton. It now to England in September, 1617, to solicit assist¬ spans the city’s busiest business street at its busiest ance, armed with a “Declaration of Faith” skill¬ point. It is a real traffic menace, but well pro¬ fully drawn up by Robinson to conciliate opposi¬ tected by the “Ancient Monuments Preservation tion. The King was induced to give an informal Act,” against which the demands of modern sanction to the venture. The Virginia Company traffic do not prevail. by June, 1619, had issued a patent authorizing the At length, in the summer of 1620, the Pilgrim colony. But the money was not forthcoming. band was assembled, ready for the voyage from Solicitation from friends and possible sympa¬ Southampton. But during the sojourn of many thizers failed. The only alternative was to ap¬ months their credit with several local merchants proach London merchants for an advance of had become strained. Not all the Southamp- capital on the basis tonians of 1620 of what might now were philosophers! be called a recipro¬ They wanted to be cal trade agreement. paid. John Weston Even this failed at and the “merchant first. Eventually adventurers” as some 70 “merchant well were claiming adventurers” of still higher terms. London were So the Pilgrims had assembled by one to sell some of their John Weston, and kegs of butter to agreed to furnish meet expenses, and the required capi¬ were forced to start tal, but on such short of many high terms that it necessaries. A start looked as though was arranged for the new colony August 8. At the would be embar¬ last moment, Cap¬ rassed financially tain Reynolds, of for some time to the Speedwell, re¬ come. With this ported a leak, and capital the Speed¬ this caused a week’s Photo from J. H. Bruins. well was bought BAR GATE, SOUTHAMPTON, ENGLAND delay. outright, with the South or inside view. The room directly over the center arch During the delay intention of keep¬ teas used as a meeting place by the Pilgrims in 1619-1620, a valuable recruit ing it in the colony during their sojourn in Southampton was gained in the for trading a n d person of John fishing. There was no money for two ships, so Alden. It is not certainly known whether he was the Mayflower was leased only. In Southampton a native townsman. The family is understood to ships are judged mainly by their tonnages. The have belonged to Chipping Sodbury in Gloucester¬ Speedwell had a gross displacement of 60 tons! shire. Some of the members may have migrated The Mayflower was a comparative leviathan of to Southampton, since St. Michael’s Church 180 tons! register shows, under date of “Apprell 30th, Some of the Pilgrims had arrived in Southamp¬ 1598” an entry of the burial of Rychard Alden. ton in the summer of 1619, and consequently At any rate, John Alden was a cooper at South¬ spent about 12 months here before debarking. ampton, and was hired as such by the Pilgrims There were frequent meetings in the room directly for the voyage, with option to return to England over the Bar Gate, which is still used as a court¬ if he so chose. Shipments of wine and tallow room. In this room, the Southampton philoso¬ for England from France were received at South¬ phers tell us, occurred many discussions as to the ampton in large casks in those days. For con¬ nature and government of the future colony, in¬ venient distribution these commodities had to be cluding the drawing up in rough form of the transferred to smaller barrels. Consequently the 438 trade of cooper was then a popular and an hon¬ but fate again intervened. It is possible that the orable one at this port. captain was secretly in the pay of the Dutch, who The Mayflower and the Speedzvell sailed on were establishing a colony on the Hudson and August 15, 1620, from the Southampton West did not want rivals. At any rate, the captain Quay. The scene is the subject of a large paint¬ professed to be unable to sail further southward ing by Forestier (1920) now adorning the rooms against a contrary wind, and so, on December 21, of The Pilgrims Club in London. On the West a spot “fit for situation’’ was selected. Quay site now stands the Mayflower Monument Legendary and not factual, the local philoso¬ (1913) bearing in a prominent position a memo¬ phers say. is the story that the first man to set rial tablet to John Alden, the Southampton foot on Plymouth Rock was John Alden, the cooper, placed by his American descendants. Southampton cooper. Unfortunately for the fame of Southampton, the Speedwell was not true to its name. Captain Reynolds evidently was afraid that in a stormy voyage the little l»at might be left behind by the larger Mayflower. The Speedwell was over¬ masted and inclined to strain its hull. Reynolds determined to use his knowledge of the ship’s peculiarities to frighten the Pilgrims into aban¬ doning her. He had his chance when a westerly gale sprang up soon after they were out in the English Channel. The two ships put into Dart¬ mouth Harbor, southern England, where the Speedwell was thoroughly overhauled. Guides on the little Dart River steamers now point out to visitors two main places of interest, (1) the house and estate of Sir Walter Raleigh, with its still flourishing variety of trees of Virginian origin, and (2) the hill near the Royal Naval Academy where the Pilgrims are said to have held prayer meetings.
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