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Ocean Energy Technology Study Klima-, Energi- og Bygningsudvalget 2011-12 KEB alm. del Bilag 358 Offentligt 2012 Ocean Energy Technology Study Alliancen for Grøn Offshore Energi Prepared by DanWEC The Alliance for Offshore Renewables Author: Kim Nielsen 10 May 2012 ii Ocean Energy Technology Study Ocean Energy Technology Study, DanWEC 2012, revision 10-09-2012 iii Ocean Energy Technology Study DanWEC Danish Wave Energy Center Technical Report No. 1 Ocean Energy Technology Study 2012 Suggested Citation: Nielsen K. 2012. Ocean Energy Technology Study. DanWEC; Technical Report No.1 for The Alliance for Offshore Renewables. DanWEC Sekretariat Andy Jensen, Specialkonsulent c/o Thisted Kommune Asylgade 30 7700 Thisted Tlf: 21 76 23 32 Mail: [email protected] www.danwec.com CVR-nr.: 33067348 Ocean Energy Technology Study, DanWEC 2012, revision 10-09-2012 iv Ocean Energy Technology Study Preface This study has been realized through funding from the Danish Council for Strategic Research’s funding scheme “Funding of EU Networks”. The study has been initiated by the partners of the project “Network for improving Danish participation and access to EU-funding within the sphere of Renewable Offshore Energy.” The following partners are included in the project consortium: Offshore Centre Denmark Lindø Offshore Renewables Centre Technical University of Denmark Aalborg University South Denmark EU Office DanWEC has been contracted to carry out the study, using subcontractor consultant Kim Nielsen, Denmark, as lead author and principal investigator. Erik Friis-Madsen, Löwenmark, Denmark, has contributed to this study by going through and provided a valuable database of available existing Danish and international ocean energy technology studies to the analysis of the most promising technologies of Ocean Energy systems, as well as providing a constructive review of this report. The informative and inspiring feedback to questionnaires from WEC developers, Utilities, Universities and DNV is gratefully acknowledged. Andy Jensen, Specialkonsulent Forord (in Danish) Dette studie er udført med støtte fra Det Strategiske Forskningsråd i Danmark under ordningen “"Netværksmidler til styrkelse af dansk deltagelse i EU- satsninger inden for forskning og udvikling"”. Studiet er initieret af partnerne i projektet ” Netværk som kan øge dansk deltagelse og tilgang til EU-funding indenfor vedvarende off-shore energi”. Følgende partnere er med i konsortiet: Offshore Center Danmark Lindoe Offshore Renewables Center (LORC) DTU, Danmarks Tekniske Universitet Aalborg Universitet Det Syddanske EU-Kontor DanWEC vandt kontrakten til at udføre studiet med bølgeenergikonsulent Kim Nielsen, Denmark, som underleverandør og hovedforfatter. Erik Friis-Madsen, Löwenmark, Danmark har bidraget til studiet ved at gennemgå og stille en værdifuld database over eksisterende litteraturstudier vedr. dansk og internationale bølge og tidevands projekter til rådighed og dertil bidraget med konstruktiv kritik af nærværende rapport. Endelig rettes en varm tak til den til de udviklere, el-selskaber, universiteter og DNV som har svaret på spørgeskemaer og bidraget via interviews. Andy Jensen, Specialkonsulent Ocean Energy Technology Study, DanWEC 2012, revision 10-09-2012 Content: 1 Introduction ................................................................................................ 1 2 Scope ......................................................................................................... 1 3 Summary and conclusions ............................................................................. 2 4 Indledning, sammenfatning og konklusioner (in Danish) ................................... 3 5 Ocean Energy .............................................................................................. 5 5.1 The Oceans Energy Sources .................................................................... 5 6 Prioritizing funding in the area of Ocean Energy ............................................... 6 6.1 Research & Development ....................................................................... 8 6.2 Market stimulation ................................................................................. 9 6.3 Planning issues in different countries ....................................................... 9 6.4 Optimisation and learning ....................................................................... 9 7 Reviews of studies of the most promising technologies .................................... 10 7.1 Recommendation ................................................................................. 11 8 The status and potential of the ocean energy sector ........................................ 12 8.1 Status in selected countries ................................................................... 13 9 Challenges for selected Wave Energy Technologies ......................................... 22 9.1 Shore and Near-shore Bottom Standing Devices....................................... 23 9.2 Offshore tight-moored .......................................................................... 26 9.3 Offshore slack moored devices ............................................................... 28 9.4 Combined solutions: ............................................................................. 34 9.5 Common challenges for selected Wave Energy technologies....................... 35 10 The industry, subcontracting industry and universities ................................. 36 11 International market trends within the Ocean Energy ................................... 38 11.1 The technology trends .......................................................................... 38 11.2 Implementing Agreement on Ocean Energy Systems (OES) ....................... 39 11.3 Maritime Spatial Planning ...................................................................... 39 11.4 Standards under IEC TC 114 .................................................................. 40 11.5 Certification of Tidal and Wave Energy Converters .................................... 40 11.6 The EERA initiative ............................................................................... 40 11.7 European projects on Ocean Energy ....................................................... 41 12 Selected examples of cooperation and synergies ......................................... 43 12.1 European Wavetrain 2 Project ................................................................ 43 12.2 Float 2 Case story: ............................................................................... 44 13 Information exchange .............................................................................. 45 12.1 Utilities ............................................................................................... 46 12.2 Universities ......................................................................................... 49 12.3 Standardisation / certifying authorities .................................................... 51 Appendix I Sources of Ocean Energy ................................................................... 52 Appendix II Ocean Energy Road Map ................................................................... 57 References....................................................................................................... 58 1 Ocean Energy Technology Study 1 Introduction The interest and support for Ocean Energy is confirmed as shown by the news concerning government policies in Denmark, UK, France, Spain and Portugal with regards to Wave and Tidal energy. On Thursday 22nd March 2012, the Danish Government and the opposition entered an agreement on the Danish energy policy for 2012-2020. With the political initiatives in the agreement, the CO2 emission in 2020 will be 34% less than in 1990 and energy consumption will be reduced by 12%. Approximately, 35% of the energy will come from renewable resources. As part of this agreement, DKK100 million is allocated to promote development and use of new renewable electricity production technologies, as well as DKK25 million specifically for wave energy. On 5th April 2012, the UK Government launched its eagerly awaited £20 million Marine Energy Array Demonstrator scheme (MEAD). This scheme will support up to 2 pre-commercial projects to demonstrate the operation of wave and/or tidal devices in array formation over a period of time. The UK Energy and Climate Change Minister Greg Barker said: “This scheme will help move marine power to the next stage of development, the demonstration of a number of wave and tidal devices in array formation out at sea. This will take us one vital step closer to realising our ambitions of generating electricity from the waves and tides, powering homes and businesses across the whole of the UK with clean, green electricity”. This report gives a state of the art picture of Ocean Energy and will in particular focus on Wave Energy – with a review of the challenges facing this new industry and including recommendations concerning actions for the industry to grow. 2 Scope The scope of this Ocean Energy Technology Study for the Alliance for Off-shore Renewables has been carried out to help answer the questions and illustrate the issues listed below: 1. What types of technologies to focus on and what to prioritize in funding opportunities in the area of ocean energy technology? 2. Identify the status and potential of the Danish and the international ocean energy sector. 3. Descriptions of technological challenges for the selected technologies (materials, design, fabrication,
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