Таксономическая Ревизия И Филогения Трибы Baphieae Yakovl

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Таксономическая Ревизия И Филогения Трибы Baphieae Yakovl М.Ю. Гончаров, Г.П. Яковлев ТАКСОНОМИЧЕСКАЯ РЕВИЗИЯ И ФИЛОГЕНИЯ ТРИБЫ BAPHIEAE YAKOVL Монография КНОРУС • МОСКВА • 2019 УДК 633/635 ББК 42.113 Г65 Авторы (Санкт-Петербургский государственный химико-фармацевтический универ- ситет): М.Ю. Гончаров, Г.П. Яковлев Гончаров, Михаил Юрьевич. Г65 Таксономическая ревизия и филогения трибы Baphieae Yakovl : монография / М.Ю. Гончаров, Г.П. Яковлев. — Москва : КНОРУС, 2019. — 304 с. — (Монография). ISBN 978-5-406-07783-2 Представлены результаты исследований по изучению трибы Baphieae (семейство Fabaceae). На основании классического морфолого-географического и молекулярно- филогенетического анализа существующая система трибы была пересмотрена. В ре- зультате пересмотра описано два новых рода, восстановлен род Bracteolaria, приведе- но около 80 новых номенклатурных комбинаций. Для студентов, магистрантов и аспирантов биологических специальностей, бо- таников-систематиков. УДК 633/635 ББК 42.113 ТАКСОНОМИЧЕСКАЯ РЕВИЗИЯ И ФИЛОГЕНИЯ ТРИБЫ BAPHIEAE YAKOVL Изд. № 518495. Подписано в печать 18.07.2019. Формат 60×90/16. Гарнитура «Times New Roman». Усл. печ. л. 19,0. Уч.-изд. л. 11,05. Тираж 500 экз. ООО «Издательство «КноРус». 117218, г. Москва, ул. Кедрова, д. 14, корп. 2. Тел.: +7 (495) 741-46-28. E-mail: [email protected] www.knorus.ru Отпечатано в АО «Т8 Издательские Технологии». 109316, г. Москва, Волгоградский проспект, д. 42, корп. 5. Тел.: +7 (495) 221-89-80. © Гончаров М.Ю., Яковлев Г.П., 2019 ISBN 978-5-406-07783-2 © ООО «Издательство «КноРус», 2019 ОГЛАВЛЕНИЕ ВВЕДЕНИЕ .............................................................................................. 5 ИСТОРИЯ ИЗУЧЕНИЯ ТРИБЫ BAPHIEAE ........................................... 9 Другие роды трибы ........................................................................... 13 Молекулярно-генетические исследования и системы, основанные на молекулярных данных ........................................... 15 МОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПРЕДСТАВИТЕЛЕЙ ТРИБЫ И ОСОБЕННОСТИ ИХ РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИЯ И УСЛОВИЙ МЕСТООБИТАНИЯ......................................................... 19 Морфологическая характеристика представителей трибы .......... 23 Особенности строения пыльцевых зерен представителей трибы ..................................................................... 25 Особенности химического состава представителей трибы .......... 29 Особенности географического распространения и условий местообитания представителей трибы ......................... 30 КЛАДИСТИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ РОДА Baphia НА ОСНОВАНИИ МОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ПРИЗНАКОВ .................... 39 Морфологическая характеристика рода ......................................... 39 Признаки, использованные для сравнительно-морфологического анализа ............................. 45 Результаты кладистического анализа рода Baphia на основании морфологических признаков .................................... 49 РЕВИЗИЯ И ФИЛОГЕНИЯ ТРИБЫ BAPHIEAE НА ОСНОВАНИИ МОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ И МОЛЕКУЛЯРНЫХ ДАННЫХ ...................... 60 Морфологическая характеристика трибы ...................................... 60 Особенности географического распространения и условий местообитания представителей трибы ......................... 61 Кладистический анализ трибы Baphieae на основании молекулярных данных интрона trnL хлоропластного генома ....... 62 Кладистический анализ трибы Baphieae на основании молекулярных данных гена matK хлоропластного генома ........... 73 Кладистический анализ трибы Baphieae на основании мультигенного молекулярно-филогенетического анализа ........... 79 Картирование эволюции признаков ................................................ 82 ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА РОДОВ И ВИДОВ ТРИБЫ BAPHIEAE YAKOVL. .............................................................................. 90 Ключ для определения родов Baphieae ......................................... 90 Подтриба Dalhousieinae. Род Dalhousiea ........................................ 91 3 Подтриба Baphiinae M. Gonczarov ................................................... 98 Род Leucomphalos Benth. ex Planch ................................................ 98 Род Baphiopsis Bak ......................................................................... 102 Род Bowringia Champ. ex Benth ..................................................... 105 Род Airyantha Brummitt ................................................................... 121 Род Macrobaphion (Harms emend. Soladoye) M. Gonczarov ........ 129 Род Striata (Soladoye) M. Gonczarov .............................................. 138 Род Baphia Afzel. ex Lodd ............................................................... 151 Род Bracteolaria Hochst ................................................................... 160 СПИСОК ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ ..................................................................... 289 4 ВВЕДЕНИЕ В систематике огромного (около 20000 видов) и одного из наиболее значимых для человека семейства бобовые (Fabaceae) в начале XXI века произошли колоссальные изменения. Традиционный взгляд на структуру семейства (семейство Fabaceae, включающее три подсемейства – Faboideae (Papilionoideae), Caesalpinioideae и Mimosoideae), окончательно сложившийся во второй половине XX ве- ка, претерпел значительную трансформацию. Эти процессы связаны, прежде всего, с наступлением «молекулярной эпохи» в систематике и филогении и появлением нового массива данных, связанных с расшиф- ровкой и анализом первичных нуклеотидных последовательностей ядерной и хлоропластной (реже митохондриальной) ДНК. В связи с развитием новых технологий и методик значительно возрос и объем данных и в таких разделах как морфология, анатомия, палинология, химия растений. Все это привело к пояалению и опубликованию в 2017 году новой системы семейства (LPWG, 2017). Согласно ей, в семействе Fabaceae выделяют 6 подсемейств – Faboideae (Papilionoideae), Caesalpinioideae (включая так называемую “mimosoid clade”, в которую входят большинство родов, ранее относившихся к Mimosoideae), а так- же Duparquetioideae, Cercidoideae, Detarioideae и Dialioideae. Основ- ной задачей систематики семейства на данный момент является опре- деление внутренней структуры и системы крупных подсемейств, преж- де всего мотыльковых и цезальпиниевых. Внутренняя структура наиболее крупного и известного семей- ства Faboideae (Papilionoideae), несмотря на сохранившийся объем подсемейства, за последние годы также претерпела существенные из- менения. По итогам VI и VII Международных конференции легумини- стов (International Legume Conference), проходивших в 2013 и 2018 го- ду в г. Йоханнесбурге и Сендай соответственно, вся система подсемей- ства подверглась значительным изменениям. Так, суммируя результаты многочисленных молекулярно-генетических исследований последних лет, было предложено выделять внутри подсемейства мотыльковых порядка 38 триб. При этом авторы новой системы указывают на необ- ходимость придавать таксономический статус (подсемейства, трибы, подтрибы) только монфилетическим группам. Новая классификация должна стать результатом интеграции морфологических и молекуляр- ных данных. Она требует включения в анализ большего объема дан- ных, в частности – молекулярных данных для таксонов, не вошедших в предыдущие исследования. Новая система оставляет немало спорных 5 решений, а также порождает ряд новых. Это касается более четкого установления взаимоотношений между трибами и их границ, коррект- ности названий новых триб, уточнения и меж- и внутриродовых отно- шений. Именно эти задачи сейчас являются основными для построения филогенетической системы подсемейства. Таким образом, тема данной работы соответствует важному направлению исследований в области систематики бобовых, проводимых в настоящее время в мире, а ее ре- зультатом стала новая система одной из наиболее интересных и зага- дочных триб подсемейства – Baphieae. Триба Baphieae Yakovl. – небольшая, достаточно изолированная группа мотыльковых. Она включает центральный род Baphia (53 вида), а также несколько достаточно близких к нему небольших по объему родов: Airyantha (2 вида), Baphiastrum (1 вид), Bowringia (4 вида), Dalhousiea (2 вида) и Leucomphalos (1 вид). Представители трибы про- израстают только на территории тропиков Старого Света, причем по- давляющее большинство видов встречаются на территории Африки и Мадагаскара. Вследствие достаточной архаичности и изолированности трибы она представляет значительный интерес для изучения. В насто- ящее время существует несколько различных взглядов на таксономи- ческий ранг этой группы, количество и объем родов, входящих в со- став трибы. Исследование посвящено ревизии родов, входящих в Baphieae и филогенетическим взаимоотношениями между ними, уста- новленными на основании морфологических, анатомических, палино- логических и молекулярных признаков. Все вышеперечисленные роды традиционно считались весьма близкими и включались в довольно крупную трибу Sophoreae s.l., в состав которой входили большинство мотыльковых, обладающих ар- хаичными признаками. В 1972 г. Яковлев впервые определил эти так- соны во вновь описанную им трибу Baphieae Yakovl.. Polhill (1994) формально сохранив Sophoreae s.l. разделил ее на 8 неформальных групп, в том числе выделив Baphia group, совпадающую по составу с Baphieae. Во время работы над проектом “Legumes of the World” T. Pennington et al. (2001) на основании молекулярных данных оконча- тельно подтвердили теорию о немонофилетичности Sophoreae s.l., раз- делив ее на несколько монофилетичных групп, не имеющих формаль- ного таксономического ранга – «клад». Представители Baphieae обра- зовали отдельную кладу («baphia clade»). На
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