First Records of guildinii in Missouri Author(s): Kelly V. Tindall and Kent Fothergill Source: Southwestern Entomologist, 36(2):203-205. 2011. Published By: Society of Southwestern Entomologists DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3958/059.036.0209 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.3958/059.036.0209

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BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. VOL. 36, NO. 2 SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST JUN. 2011 SCIENTIFIC NOTE

First Records of Piezodorus guildinii1 in Missouri

Kelly V. Tindall2 and Kent Fothergill2,3

Redbanded stink bug, (Westwood), is an important pest of soybean, Glycine max L., in South America (Panizzi and Slansky 1985b, Arroyo and Kawamura 2003) and Louisiana (Paxton et al. 2007). The ability to utilize numerous host plants (Panizzi and Slansky 1985b, Panizzi 1997) allows early season reproduction before redbanded stink bug moves into soybeans at the preferred stage of plant growth. Seed quality and yield are reduced because redbanded stink bug prefer to feed on fruiting structures (Panizzi and Slansky 1985a, Corrêa-Ferreira and de Azevedo 2002). Application of insecticide to protect soybean yield can reduce grower profits (Paxton et al. 2007) The redbanded stink bug has been found in Florida (Panizzi and Slansky 1985b) and Georgia (McPherson et al. 1993). In 2000, redbanded stink bug was observed in south-central Louisiana (Temple et al. 2007). By 2004, redbanded stink bug had increased to outbreak levels across the south-central parishes and reached the northeastern corner of Louisiana. In 2005, redbanded stink bugs were documented in Arkansas and continue to be found in southern Arkansas soybeans (Smith et al. 2009). In 2009, redbanded stink bug was found during surveys of late-planted fields RI µR6-7¶ (Fehr et al. 1971) soybeans in Dunklin and New Madrid counties, MO (Table 1). These occurrences were the first records of redbanded stink bug in Missouri. Soybean field locations were determined using a Garmin eTrex GPS (Garmin Ltd., Olathe, KS). Sixteen fields in six southeastern Missouri counties were surveyed by sweep net (200 sweeps per field) for late-season stink bugs. Adult stink bugs with the exception of redbanded stink bug were identified using McPherson (1982). J. E. McPherson (personal communication) confirmed the identification of the redbanded stink bug adults. The few stink bug nymphs encountered were not identified or counted.

Table 1. Collection Data for Piezodorus guildinii in Soybean Fields in Missouri Date Location County No./200 sweeps 10 October 2009 N36.01727o W-90.24395o Dunklin 1 10 October 2009 N36.13039o W-90.23116o Dunklin 1 11 October 2009 N36.08884o W-90.99748o Dunklin 1 24 October 2009 N36.43885o W-89.71107o New Madrid 2 24 October 2009 N36.59177o W-89.51075o New Madrid 1

______1Hemiptera: 2University of Missouri, Delta Research Center, PO Box 160, Portageville, MO 63873 3Conservation Seeding and Restoration, Inc. 506 Center Street West, Kimberly, ID 83341

203 Redbanded stink bug was the third most numerous adult phytophagous stink bug encountered in soybeans late during the growing season in 2009 in southeastern Missouri. The most common adult stink bug encountered during surveys was green stink bug, Acrosternum hilare (Say) (n = 13). Brown stink bug, Euschistus servus (Say) (n = 8), spined soldier bug, Podisus maculiventris (Say) (n = 7), redshouldered stink bug, Thyanta accerra McAtee (n = 3), dusky stink bug, Euschistus tristigmus (Say) (n = 2), and rough stink bug, Brochymena quadripustulata (F.) (n = 1) were also encountered. Costa and Link (1982) found: redbanded stink bugs are more mobile than southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula (L.); redbanded stink bug females disperse more than males and wind can influence their dispersal. Records of southern green stink bug in southern Illinois (McPherson 1982) demonstrate dispersal of southern green stink bug as a stray beyond its normal range in the southern United States. Possible resident populations of southern green stink bug and redbanded stink bug occur in southeastern Arkansas (Smith et al. 2009), coupled with the dispersal ability of redbanded stink bug, suggest the detection of redbanded stink bug in Missouri may be more frequent than is detection of southern green stink bug. The winter of 2009-2010 was colder than normal in Jonesboro, AR (Table 2), especially in February, when the average minimum temperature was -2.8oC (NOAA 2010, Weather Underground 2010). The winters of 2007-2008 and 2008-2009 in Jonesboro were warmer than normal. Jonesboro was chosen as the northern edge of the area most likely to be a source of redbanded stink bug for southeastern Missouri. It is possible that winter temperatures in the area could be a predictor for dispersal into Missouri. No redbanded stink bug was found in Missouri in 2010. It is anticipated that southeastern Missouri could host irruptive populations in the future. There is much to be learned about redbanded stink bug within the Mississippi Delta region including: overwintering biology, early season hosts, and interactions with soybeans and their attendant fauna.

Table 2. Winter Average Temperature (oC) Data for Jonesboro, ARa Winter of Winter of Winter of Normal Month 2007-2008b 2008-2009b 2009-2010b 1971-2000c December 5.6 4.4 3.3 4.3 January 2.8 2.2 1.1 2.0 February 5.6 7.2 1.7 4.9 March 10.0 11.1 10.6 10.2 aJonesboro Municipal Airport bdata from Weather Underground (2010) cdata from NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) (2010)

Acknowledgment

The authors acknowledge the generosity of Josh Temple and B. Rodgers Leonard for sharing their knowledge and expertise. Gus Lorenz informed the authors of his finding redbanded stink bug during 2009 in northeastern Arkansas, prompting our late-season surveys, this manuscript, and our gratitude.

204 References Cited

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