The RoSPA January 2019

guide pool Swimming LEISURE & EDUCATION 1 1 page RoSPA’s quarterly journal for professionals working in water, leisure and education safety Journal Water safety Scuba diving fatalities Playground risks Automated gates Child exercise survey page 05 page 08 page 09 pages 12 - 13 page 11

The Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents TC3574 - RSC Advert 2019 v2.pdf 1 26/09/2018 10:39:33

Making our roads safer for vulnerable road users...

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2019 RoSPA Road Safety Conference February 13 | Edgbaston Cricket Ground

This year’s conference will discuss what policies and The conference will allow you to: practical initiatives can be implemented in 2019 to • Hear from key policy makers, leading academics and protect some of Britain’s most vulnerable road users. practitioners • Discuss ideas with like-minded individuals who share the same goals • Learn about exciting new initiatives

Sponsored by

accidents don’t www.rospa.com/events have to happen 0121 248 2091 | [email protected] TC3574 - RSC Advert 2019 v2.pdf 1 26/09/2018 10:39:33

Editor Andy Coleman Email [email protected] Welcome Advertising Sue Philo Happy New Year. The RoSPA Leisure Exercise and play are important elements Tel 01367 820367 & Education Journal’s first issue of of children’s formative years. On page 09 Making our roads Email [email protected] 2019 has a wide variety of news, views, we examine the notion of risk in children’s information and opinions covering play, prompted by an Ofsted report claiming © Published quarterly by RoSPA Enterprises leisure, water safety, education and that some nurseries do not encourage Limited - a wholly owned subsidiary of The safer for vulnerable Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents. RoSPA activities. youngsters to be busy and active. Then, RoSPA House, 28 Calthorpe Road, Edgbaston, on page 11, we turn our attention to Sport Birmingham B15 1RP. Tel 0121 248 2000 Read about RoSPA’s new Managing Safety England’s latest survey which reveals the road users... www.rospa.com at Inland Waters book, which can now be amount and type of physical activity and viewed online, on page 07. The publication sport undertaken by school children. Opinions expressed and claims made by includes a thorough run-through of individual contributors are not necessarily subscribed to by RoSPA. No responsibility can relevant water-related risks, a manager’s On pages 12 and 13, Richard Jackson, be accepted for any such opinions or claims. legal priorities, including case law, and founder of Gate Safe, explains the offers numerous case studies of good importance of maintaining automated RoSPA is a Registered Charity No. 207823. management of waterside spaces. We hope gates, which are increasingly being fitted at Any donation whether large or small will you find it useful. school sites to improve security. support our vision for life, free from serious accidental injury. A court case that potentially sets an Regular contributor Jim Bennetts, a former Please visit www.rospa.com/fundraising/ important legal precedent is highlighted Ofsted inspector, offers some insight into The RoSPA Leisure and Education Journal on page 16. Law firm Keoghs successfully the potential dangers when transporting C subscription rates: defended Butlin’s against a dance floor slip children in a minibus (page 19) and

M RoSPA members £13.00 p.a. claim. David Scott, from Keoghs, says there considers the issue of traffic and parking Non-members £15.00 p.a. was previously no UK case law in which restrictions around schools (page 21). Y a slipping incident on a dance floor had CM Other RoSPA journals available on subscription or as part of a membership package are: been successfully defended, making this a It is already looking like a busy year for MY The RoSPA OS&H Journal, incorporating landmark case. RoSPA – on page 04 there are details of the

CY The RoSPA OS&H Bulletin forthcoming RoSPA road safety conference, Safety Express Jim Watson, from the British Sub-Aqua while on page 06 we highlight the free 2019 CMY Care on the Road Club, contributes an overview of the club’s RoSPA Home Safety Congress, being held K The RoSPA Home Safety Journal. 2018 Diving Incident Report on page 08. at Leicester’s National Space Centre on Compiled for the BSAC by Jim and his February 27. There are many more events To subscribe, contact RoSPA’s membership incidents adviser colleague Clare Peddie, the in the planning stage – we’ll be reporting on department: call 0121 248 2051 report is a sobering read, revealing that UK some of them in our next issue. or email [email protected] scuba diving fatalities were at their highest since 2004. David Walker RoSPA leisure safety manager Design/project management by thecheeseroomltd [email protected] 2019 RoSPA Road Safety Conference Tel: 01827 54478 February 13 | Edgbaston Cricket Ground www.thecheeseroom.com ISSN 2514-6939

This year’s conference will discuss what policies and The conference will allow you to: Cover image: Pixabay practical initiatives can be implemented in 2019 to • Hear from key policy makers, leading academics and protect some of Britain’s most vulnerable road users. practitioners • Discuss ideas with like-minded individuals who share the same goals • Learn about exciting new initiatives

Sponsored by Some of the articles and guidance in this edition could make a contribution to readers’ accidents don’t www.rospa.com/events personal CPD requirements. have to happen 0121 248 2091 | [email protected] The RoSPA Leisure & Education Journal January 2019 03 RoSPA news RoSPA conference will focus on the safety of vulnerable road users

Making roads safer for vulnerable road users be used to doing, why it is such as cyclists and pedestrians is the focus help tackle air important and of RoSPA’s 2019 Road Safety Conference. pollution. how it fits in with wider road Taking place on February 13, at Birmingham’s “Country Road – safety activity. Edgbaston cricket ground, the event includes Take Me Home!’’ presentations by key policy makers and is the title of the Two speakers leading academics. Topics scheduled for presentation will focus on discussion include child car seats, rural roads, by Lyn Morris cycling. Michael cycle safety and pedestrian training. (right) from Frearson, from Carmarthenshire The Bikeability Mark Bennett, from childcare products Road Safety. Lyn Trust, the manufacturer Britax, will launch the conference will reveal the national with an update on car seat regulations. Mark road safety challenges in rural areas, turning charity for Bikeability, the Government’s cycle will be followed by Stuart Reid (far right), from the spotlight on ‘‘Dangerous roads; dangerous education programme, will explain the changes Transport for London’s Vision Zero, who will vehicles; dangerous speeds; dangerous road to the National Standard for Cycle Training outline Vision Zero’s strategy and objectives. users”. and instructor training, as well as introducing the revised Bikeability Delivery Guide. Duncan Joe Green, Birmingham City Council’s The Government’s Cycling and Walking Dollimore, Cycling UK’s head of advocacy and transportation behaviour change manager, Investment Strategy (CWIS) is currently under campaigns, will then ask the question ‘‘UK will explain how the proposed introduction consideration and Ameena Berkowitz, the Cycling’s vision – what next?’’. of a Clean Air Zone in Birmingham will affect Department for Transport’s policy adviser, road safety and examine additional ways road safety policy (vulnerable road users), will After lunch, RoSPA’s research and evaluation that transport and road safety initiatives can tell the conference what the department is officer, Becky Needham, will present a summary of pedestrian training provision in England and an overview of pedestrian training Dubai for Intersec 2019 best practice. RoSPA will be at Intersec 2019 in Dubai Occupational Safety and Health (IOSH). Professor John Wann, from Royal Holloway, to highlight the importance of keeping University of London’s Department of employees, clients and supply chains safe Karen said: “We already enjoy excellent Psychology, will then consider the link between from injury and ill health. During each day relationships with organisations in the Middle ascribing blame for collisions involving cars, of the security, safety and fire protection East, through our RoSPA Awards and fleet motorcycles and pedestrians and the way we trade fair on January 20-22, RoSPA safety safety training, and we are excited to develop process what we see. and health experts will be hosting sessions new relationships at Intersec 2019. in the safety zone. Nick Lloyd, RoSPA’s road safety manager, will “It’s so important to develop connections return to the subject of car seats, revealing the Covering topics such as training, consultancy in the region to continue to improve safety latest research and advice on carrying low birth and fleet and driver safety, RoSPA performance within a local context. We are weight babies, including how long they should representatives will discuss with delegates already doing this with our members in be left in a car seat. how they can safeguard productivity and the Middle East and those organisations improve tender bids by demonstrating their involved in our Awards Excellence Forum – To conclude the conference, Dr Karen commitment to safety via the internationally an exclusive body of safety professionals McDonnell, RoSPA’s occupational safety and renowned RoSPA Health and Safety Awards. who have entered or won a RoSPA Award, health policy adviser, will explain the new and which facilitates the sharing of best national strategy to prevent serious accidental The RoSPA team will include head of training practice to make improvements in safety injuries in England and look at its key Rob Burgon, fleet safety manager Keith worldwide.” recommendations to protect vulnerable road Bell, international fleet consultant Rob users. Hodges and Dr Karen McDonnell, RoSPA’s Registration for the RoSPA Health and occupational safety and health policy adviser Safety Awards 2019 is now open. See For more conference information, including and former president of the Institution of www.rospa.com/awards for full details. details of a reduced advanced booking fee, see: www.rospa.com/events/road

04 The RoSPA Leisure & Education Journal January 2019 RoSPA news Local authorities urged to implement water safety management policies

Local authorities in Scotland should aim Scotland’s local authorities were surveyed on development manager, said: “Given the fact to have water safety management policies their management of water safety. that Scotland carries a disproportionate burden in place by 2026, in line with the country’s of the UK’s accidental drowning fatalities, with Drowning Prevention Strategy, according to The research found that only around 40 per a rate more than double the UK average, it’s a new RoSPA report. cent of Scotland’s councils have a water safety really important that everyone plays their part policy, while just under half state that there is in driving this number down. Local Authority Approaches to Managing Water a person or department within the authority Safety also recommends that councils should that is responsible for water safety. Just over “There are some excellent examples of good share good practice and successes in water half of respondents were aware of Scotland’s policies and practice at some of Scotland’s safety by joining Water Safety Scotland, a Drowning Prevention Strategy – a document local authorities, however this must be group of organisations from across the country produced by Water Safety Scotland with the extended across all 32. We’re urging every local dedicated to tackling drowning. aim of cutting the number of drowning deaths authority to join Water Safety Scotland, to by half by 2026. ensure that they are staying abreast of good The report is the culmination of a study practice examples and developments, and conducted by RoSPA, in which all 32 of Carlene McAvoy, RoSPA’s community safety learning from what works well in other areas, so that we can save lives.” Helping reduce water-related To read Local Authority Approaches to Managing Water Safety see www.rospa.com/ suicides in Scotland about/around-the-uk/scotland/water-safety

On average, 29 people take their own life In order to deliver these objectives, Water Every year, an average of 50 people in water-related suicides in Scotland each Safety Scotland set up a Suicide Prevention accidentally drown in Scotland, with men year. Suicide, like unintentional injury, is Subgroup. This subgroup has been working aged 60-69 being most at risk, according to preventable. to link up water-related suicide with relevant a RoSPA assessment of data. The analysis policy areas in Scotland, including the need focuses on Water Incident Database (WAID) Scotland’s Drowning Prevention Strategy to integrate water-related suicide with data over a five-year period from 2012 to launched in January 2018 with two overall national strategy. 2016 and looks specifically at males aged targets: 60 – 69 in Scotland. The Scottish Government recently released Reduce accidental drowning deaths in Scotland’s Suicide Prevention Action Plan, It has revealed a number of key points Scotland by 50 per cent by 2026 and which lists the actions that need to be taken regarding 60 to 69-year-old males: reduce risk among the highest risk to transform attitudes towards suicide in There were 35 fatalities during the populations, groups and communities Scotland. One of the key actions of this five-year period plan was the setting up and funding of a Accidental drownings accounted for 80 Contribute to the reduction of water- National Suicide Prevention Leadership per cent of this figure related suicide. Group (NSPLG). Scotland’s Drowning The average age of a fatality was 65 Prevention Strategy is listed as being a key Half of the accidental fatalities Water Safety Scotland, which launched the contributory factor to this group and it is happened at the coast strategy, agreed the following objectives to hoped that Water Safety Scotland’s Suicide More than one third of incidents help achieve the target related to suicide Subgroup will work closely with the NSPLG happened in spring. Thursdays and prevention: to help reduce water-related suicides in Saturdays were the most common day Scotland. for a fatality Act in a supporting role to raise awareness 90 per cent of fatalities happened during amongst agencies that could play a role in Key strategies and work areas including the daytime the reduction of water-related suicide the Mental Health Strategy (2017-2027), Approximately 6 in 10 accidental the Justice Vision (2017-2020), Policing fatalities were the result of Support the understanding that suicide is 2026, and Scotland’s Drowning Prevention recreational water activities preventable and encourage discussion on Strategy (2018-2026), will make a significant Angling is the leading cause of further action. contribution to the NSPLG’s work. recreational drowning fatalities.

The RoSPA Leisure & Education Journal January 2019 05 RoSPA news Make space in your diary for RoSPA’s 2019 Home Safety Congress

The countdown is on for the 2019 RoSPA Scottish Fire & Rescue Service, who will speak Home Safety Congress, taking place at on Building Safer Communities in Scotland. the National Space Centre in Leicester on February 27. Delegates will then move to their chosen track – “Child in the home” or “Older people in the With the theme of “Achieving Step Changes in home”. Additional speakers include Daniel Accident Prevention”, the free event includes MacIntyre, Public Health England’s population two strands, offering delegates the option of health services manager, Dr Helen Hawley- focusing on either home safety for children or Hague, from the University of Manchester, home safety for older people. Elizabeth Lumsden, from RoSPA Scotland, and from the University of Nottingham (“Working Nick Lloyd, RoSPA’s acting head of road safety. Among the specialist speakers are consultant together to promote home safety: The Stay One More presentations will be announced soon. clinical psychologist Dr Elizabeth Kilbey Step Ahead project”). (top right) (“How to give safety messages to Delegates will also have the opportunity to children”), Dr Elizabeth Orton (top left) from The congress will be opened by RoSPA chief view the National Space Centre which boasts the University of Nottingham (“Implementing executive Errol Taylor who will outline the six interactive galleries, the UK’s largest the Falls Management Exercise Programme; new national accident prevention strategy planetarium and the iconic 42m high Rocket an evidence-based toolkit for commissioners for England (see page 7), followed by David Tower. More details at www.rospa.com/events/ and providers”) and Prof Denise Kendrick, also McGown, assistant chief officer and director, home-safety-congress

Achieving Step Changes in Accident Prevention...

Book your FREE place 2019 RoSPA Home Safety Congress February 27 | National Space Centre, Leicester

RoSPA’s 2019 National Home Safety Congress will look at new approaches and good practice in child safety and the safety of older people in the home. This will range from core principles of valuing quality of life to evaluating the effectiveness of strategies and programmes. The congress www.rospa.com/events will benefit anyone who works within public health. 0121 248 2090 | [email protected]

06 The RoSPA Leisure & Education Journal January 2019 RoSPA news Book offers guidance and advice to help prevent drownings

A new RoSPA publication, Managing Safety reductions in drownings.” at Inland Waters, is now available, offering guidance and advice on how to administer Steve Birtles, head of safety sites to help prevent tragedy. management at The Broads Authority, which manages Aimed at those with responsibility for land the Broads National Park, and adjoining inland waters, such as risk managers, chairman of the National Water land managers and facilities managers, the Safety Forum inland waters book aims to help improve water safety by group, said: “We welcome this helping to inform decisions on risk and safety. new edition that has drawn on the expertise and experience of Managing Safety at Inland Waters provides a a wide range of organisations thorough run-through of relevant water-related which are directly involved with risks, a manager’s legal priorities, including the management of public case law, and offers numerous case studies of safety on inland waters. good management of waterside spaces. “It has been designed to help David Walker, RoSPA’s leisure safety manager landowners and managers learn and author of the book, said: “Over the five about best practice and some of years from 2012, 60 per cent of drownings the simple measures that they were at inland water sites, so clearly this is an can take to mitigate the risk of issue that urgently needs addressing. There drowning, to help them obtain is something that all stakeholders can do to a clearer understanding of the reduce the risks, and by working together extent of their responsibilities we can drive down the number of people and appreciate the wide range needlessly dying in the UK’s waters every year. of resources that are available to support them. Most importantly, “I hope that Managing Safety at Inland Waters I hope that they will recognise will enable all managers with a responsibility from the various case studies and examples For further information on Managing Safety at for such sites to better understand and manage that they will not be alone when working on Inland Waters see www.rospa.com/leisure- risks, and that it acts as a catalyst for further drowning prevention.” safety/water. Partnership to get everyone home safe

RoSPA and Arco, the UK’s leading supplier Brighter Beginnings Appeal by funding the end of every working day. of safety equipment and work wear, have 500 Keeping Kids Safe packs, which will be signed an agreement that will see the two distributed to young families in disadvantaged “One of RoSPA’s objectives is to bring organisations working more closely on areas via the Goodwin Trust. In November, excellent health and safety practice out of initiatives to drive down the number of Arco hosted a week of safety activities for staff the workplace and utilise it to address the serious accidental injuries and cases of ill and the company’s local community in Hull. serious injuries that vulnerable people suffer health in the UK and beyond. This included first aid sessions for parents in their own homes – we believe that our and a family safety talk from RoSPA’s head of partnership with Arco can help us to achieve The partnership will see Arco become RoSPA’s strategic partnerships, Becky Hickman. this goal.” preferred personal protective equipment (PPE) supplier and sponsor of the Best New Entry Becky said: “We’re really excited by the For more information on the Brighter Award at the annual RoSPA Health and Safety potential of our new partnership with Arco. We Beginnings Appeal and Keeping Kids Safe Awards. have brought together two organisations with packs, see www.rospa.com/brighter- long traditions and a passion for making sure beginnings. To find out more about the The company is also supporting the charity’s everyone gets home safe to their families at RoSPA Awards, see www.rospa.com/awards

The RoSPA Leisure & Education Journal January 2019 07 Diving incident report Diving incident report reveals highest scuba fatalities since 2004

condition – where fluid leaks into the lungs By Jim Watson, from the body’s own blood supply – has British Sub-Aqua been confirmed by medical assessment in Club two incidents. Both individuals survived by immediately leaving the water and attending hospital. A further 20 incidents have been identified where IPO is suspected of being a factor. The incident report offers advice to divers of what they need to be aware of with The UK saw its highest number of scuba IPO and the symptoms which can include one in high-pressured incident scenarios, the diving fatalities since 2004 between or more of the following: Alternate Source technique (using a secondary October 1, 2017, and September 30, 2018. supply of air) was deployed successfully in Breathing difficulties when not exercising 85 per cent of reported incidents, while the According to the latest British Sub Aqua Club particularly strenuously Controlled Buoyant Lift technique (where divers (BSAC) incident report, during this period 19 control the ascent using the Buoyancy Control divers died, six of which were BSAC members. Breathing difficulties may be indicated Device of the diver in trouble) was successful in Three of the fatalities were divers over the age by rapid, uneven or heavy breathing, or 78 per cent of incidents. of 70 and the average age of the divers who coughing uncontrollably died was 55.8 years (last year the average Further analysis of the resuscitation age was 55.3). This is, regrettably, the highest Confusion, swimming in the wrong or techniques instigated by divers when the number of fatalities since 2004 and compares random directions casualty was unconscious and not breathing against a 10-year average of 13.2 fatalities per shows that Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation year. Inability to carry out normal functions, (CPR), oxygen-enriched CPR and use of an while appearing to have to concentrate on Automated External Defibrillator (AED) was BSAC began highlighting the possibility of an breathing successful in bringing the casualty back to increased incidence of Immersion Pulmonary consciousness in 16, 18 and 30 per cent of Oedema (IPO) in the Annual Diving Incident Belief that a regulator is not working incidents respectively. This new analysis Report from 2016. In the 2018 report the properly demonstrates the life-saving value of rescue skills training in diving and the importance of Indication of “out of gas” when their keeping skills current. regulator(s) are found to be working correctly and with adequate gas supplies The 2018 BSAC Diving Incident Report can be downloaded from www.bsac.com/ Divers refusing or rejecting an alternate incidentreport source when “out of gas”

Indication of difficulty of breathing when on Published by British Sub Aqua Club the surface. each year, the 2018 report analysed 251 diving incidents in the UK over the last 12 Should one or more of these symptoms occur, months. divers should leave the water as soon as it is safe to do so, sit upright (if conscious), take Compiled by incidents advisers Clare Peddie oxygen and seek medical advice. and Jim Watson, the data was gathered from incident report forms submitted by It is worth noting for other activities in water divers, the Maritime & Coastguard Agency, that the risk of IPO results from immersion the RNLI, MOD Superintendent of Diving, in water and has also been identified in PADI, EMEA and RoSPA. Incidents were swimmers and triathletes. recorded against eight categories: fatalities; decompression illness; boat/surface; ascents; For the 2018 report BSAC conducted a new technique; equipment; illness/injury and analysis of the efficacy of the diver rescue miscellaneous. techniques in the incidents reported. Even

0608 The RoSPA Leisure & Education Journal January 2019 Sector news

A level of risk is an essential part of childhood, Ofsted claims

Some nurseries stifle child development by the chief inspector of schools, said: “There’s a Nathan Davies, RoSPA head of consultancy, not encouraging them to be busy and active, great deal of concern about children hurting said: “RoSPA believes that children need to be according to Ofsted’s latest annual report. themselves, concern about children having the equipped to deal with the real risks in their lumps and bumps that are part of childhood. lives. It is important to find the right balance The document, launched on December 4, It is very important that children can develop in keeping children safe while keeping their states: “We know that in the early years, a physically, explore, do all the things they need instinctive nature alive, and taking away things crucial part of preparing children for school to do to test their physical boundaries.” like climbing frames may stifle this. Children is developing their muscular strength and must be educated in proper conduct in play dexterity. The best nurseries recognise this and She claimed that without risk “we stifle and at school, so playground activities need encourage children to be busy and active. But children’s natural inquisitiveness and their not be an issue. Risk in play is a key part of we also know that in other settings this good opportunities to learn and develop, and that learning and it needs to be preserved – practice is stifled by undue concerns about the deny them those opportunities to build that while seeking to limit life-changing injuries. risk and safety of such activities.” muscular strength and dexterity.” “RoSPA’s recently launched ‘Safe and active at Presenting the report, Amanda Spielman, The report continues: “While it is a basic all ages, a national strategy to prevent serious expectation of any accidental injuries in England’ urges the institution that cares Department for Education to ensure that the for children to carry out prevention of accidental injuries is a core topic proper risk assessments, within the new compulsory health education some level of risk is curriculum for all schools. Children and young an essential part of people need opportunities to develop the childhood. Without capability to keep themselves and others it, we stifle children’s safe, being able to recognise the hazards, natural inquisitiveness assess the risks and benefits of an activity and their opportunities and manage the risks to themselves and to learn and develop others, as appropriate for their age and stage and deny them those of development. We believe these are skills opportunities to build that will stand them in good stead to develop that muscular strength safe, healthy and fulfilling lives, helping and dexterity. We hope realise RoSPA’s vision of ‘Life, free from serious that nurseries and other accidental injury’.”” childcare settings take a common sense approach To read the strategy see www.rospa.com/ to managing risk.” nationalstrategy

The RoSPA Leisure & Education Journal January 2019 0309 Wellbeing Having wellbeing experts in schools will reap benefits, says new report

Secondary schools should appoint a head mental wellbeing – within Wood Green School drive the wellbeing programme, rather than of wellbeing to support the emotional in Witney, Oxfordshire, for two years. An initial trying to combine this with a member of staff’s and physical health of pupils and staff, needs assessment at the secondary school other teaching commitments, is critical to its according to a healthcare organisation. had highlighted mental health issues and success.” stress management as priorities for the school. Having somebody with responsibility for The Head of Wellbeing worked closely with The school plans to maintain a wellbeing role wellbeing can make a positive difference to the students and staff to assess emotional and as a part-time post after the completion of the emotional and physical health of students and physical wellbeing priorities and develop a project. staff, suggests Nuffield Health in its new report, targeted, responsive programme of initiatives Improving wellbeing in schools. and activities for the whole school. Findings The report follows on from the Government’s As a result of the pilot, wellbeing is now one Outcomes from data collection and evaluation budget announcing an additional £2billion of Wood Green School’s six values and is showed changes in emotional wellbeing levels investment to fund specialist mental health timetabled within the school curriculum. Head for both students and staff. Staff mean scores teams in schools and concerns about the teacher, Robert Shadbolt, said: “I don’t believe for wellbeing (as measured by WEMWBS – growing levels of obesity in children. there’s a single child in this school who hasn’t Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale ) thought about the importance of what they had risen by 11.89 per cent by the end of the Improving wellbeing in schools shares the eat, what exercise they do, what they do with pilot. findings and methodology from a pilot that their screen time, the importance of good installed a Head of Wellbeing – Nuffield Health mental health and how they achieve that. I In students, although there was a slight worker, Terry Austin, who has experience in think if that’s not part of what education is decrease in mean scores, further analysis personal fitness, health screening programmes for, then we’re failing. Having someone whose showed this was primarily driven by students and helping people with stress and their specific role it is to coordinate, deliver and in Year 7, who were showing the signs of experiencing the often-difficult transition from NHS plan is a welcome and primary to secondary school. There were also improvements in fruit and vegetable consumption across the board. In overdue focus on prevention terms of exercise and activity, the mixture RoSPA has welcomed the announcement “Unintentional injury to young children of both new opportunities and a better of a 10-year plan for the NHS, which has a leads to many more disability-adjusted understanding of their bodies provided greater focus on prevention. life years, placing a burden not only on students with the impetus to exercise more the health services but also, in real terms, regularly. There was a marked increase in Errol Taylor, RoSPA’s chief executive, said: their family. As stated in the Government’s the number of staff using gym facilities, “This new focus is long overdue given the announcement, very young children with almost a quarter signed up for regular UK’s growing burden of accidental injury. deserve the best start in life and we need activities. The steady reduction in injury rates from all new parents to receive the type of road and workplace accidents that we have educational material that is included in The report identified the importance of enjoyed until recently appears to have resources such as RoSPA’s Keeping Kids providing the support in a tailored approach stalled. In parallel, we’re seeing a steady and Safe packs, largely funded by generous to ensure relevance to the school’s situation unnecessary rise in the rate of injuries due to donations to our Brighter Beginnings and that interventions needed time to embed. home and leisure accidents. Appeal. The outcomes show it takes time to adapt, elicit behavioural changes and for these to be “To arrest the rising trend in accident rates, “At the other end of the age spectrum, sufficiently rooted to have lasting results. we need a step change in our approach to RoSPA’s successful collaboration with the prevention. Accidents are preventable and Department of Health on the Stand Up, Nuffield Health is a not-for-profit UK therefore don’t have to happen. Investment Stay Up programme shows the importance healthcare organisation, running a network in injury prevention programmes provides of physical activity, spending time with of hospitals, medical clinics, fitness and parents, carers and individuals with the skills friends/family, home safety checks and wellbeing clubs and diagnostic units across and knowledge they need to safely negotiate practical aids such as extra handrails, to the UK, and supporting businesses in looking everyday hazards. help people age well.” after their employees by operating their fitness and wellbeing facilities services.

10 The RoSPA Leisure & Education Journal January 2019 Sector news Sport England’s activity survey reveals child exercise statistics

More than 40 per cent of children in England 42 per cent for children from the least affluent The type of activity preferred changes as do an average of more than 60 minutes of families and is at 86 per cent for the most children get older. “Active play”, such as tag physical activity a day, a first-of-its-kind affluent. or scootering, is the most popular form of survey has found. activity for younger age groups, with team Other findings include: sports growing in popularity as children Sport England’s Active Lives Children and get older. By school Years 7 and 8, team Young People Survey showed that around There is not a lot of difference in the sports are the most popular and remain so 3million children (43.3 per cent) lead active amount of sport and physical activity that through to age 16. lives, but of that group, takes place inside only 1.2million (17.5 The report is based on responses school, compared There is a gender divide between activity per cent) are meeting from more than 130,000 children to activity levels levels of boys and girls. Boys are more likely the Chief Medical aged 5-16 in England outside of school, than girls to be active every day – 20 per Officer’s guidelines of so both have a cent (boys) versus 14 per cent (girls). This more than 60 minutes of activity a day every critical role to play. Around 22 per cent of difference increases as girls get older, with a day of the week. children are active for at least 30 minutes large gap opening from the end of primary per day outside school, with 28 per cent of school (Years 5 and 6). The survey is the largest ever of its kind and children active gives comprehensive insight into how children in school. Activity levels peak at the end of The survey, carried in England are taking part in sport and physical primary school to the beginning out independently activity, both in and out of school. Activity levels of secondary school by Ipsos MORI, also peak at the covers the “outcomes” The figures also showed that more than end of primary school to the beginning of sport and activity and helps to show the 2.3million children and young people (32.9 per of secondary school, but no age group benefits of being active on both the physical cent) are less active, meaning they do fewer reaches a majority of children doing the and mental wellbeing of children, but also than 30 minutes of physical activity a day. recommended levels of 60 minutes per day, their personal development and that of their A further 1.7million (23.9 per cent) are fairly every day. community. active, doing between 30 and 59 minutes of physical activity a day.

The report is based on responses from more than 130,000 children aged 5-16 in England during the September 2017 – July 2018 academic year.

The results showed some significant inequalities in activity levels, based on family income. In total, 39 per cent of children in the least affluent families do fewer than 30 minutes of activity a day, compared to 26 per cent of children from the most affluent families. While 77 per cent of all children can swim 25 metres unaided by the time they leave primary school, that figure drops to

The RoSPA Leisure & Education Journal January 2019 11 Gate safety

Schools urged to check their automated gates are safe

gates in the UK. Accidents involving victims of this type of installation by adhering to the being crushed or dragged by an automated publicly available guidance and working with a By Richard gate which fails to stop upon contact with a suitably qualified installer/maintainer. Schools Jackson, founder of Gate person are regularly recorded and, sadly, such that use an automated gate or barrier (or those Safe incidents are often fatal. In addition, there have looking to install either access control device in been a number of serious accidents/ fatalities the future) should consider the following: involving automated gates which have fallen to the ground, leading to innocent victims being Take a training course to improve your Automated gates have become a popular pinned under the significant weight of a heavy understanding of what constitutes a safe feature on many school sites and in terms metal gate (often weighing as much as 250kg/ gate. Gate Safe delivers IOSH-approved of providing a means of controlling access ¼ tonne). specialist awareness training for installers at key entry points and therefore enhancing and any trade associated with automated physical security measures, they represent The accidents can be horrific. Outside of the or manual gates/barrier installations. a sound investment. grief associated with causing a serious accident Alternatively, ensure that the gate is fitted or, worse, loss of life, a school – which has a duty and maintained by a Gate Safe trained However, an automated gate, which is classed of care to ensure that any gates are safe – is installer as a machine under the EU Machinery Directive, likely to face a drawn-out court case, a potential while designed to boost safeguarding measures hefty fine (recent fines have been as much as Do not be lulled into thinking a European for pupils and staff, can actually become a £60,000) and certain damage to reputation. Community (CE) marked gate means the potential safety threat if it is not installed or While the school may not have actually gate has been signed off as “safe”. A gate maintained correctly in line with best practice. installed the dangerous gate, the investigating is only “safe” once it has been checked in authority will undoubtedly adopt the view that situ and a full risk assessment has been Since 2010, Gate Safe has been campaigning the school had a role to play in ensuring they undertaken which takes into consideration to improve the standard of safety of automated have adopted best practice to ensure the safety all the local factors

12 The RoSPA Leisure & Education Journal January 2019 Gate safety

Automated gates should feature two types of safety: Gate Safe recommends the use of photocells/ light curtains and safety edges on ALL automated gates. However, be aware that these must be fitted correctly (both in terms of positioning, quantity and size/ area covered) to deliver the desired level of protection

Always ask the installer to provide training to not just the school business manager (aka caretaker) but also to other members of staff. The training should include how to put the gate into manual operation in the case of an emergency and the location of the keys for the control cabinet and manual release. Not being able to find the keys to release the gate can lead to even greater safety issues and will, of course, impact on the emergency services’ ability to respond to the incident. Be aware that the school business manager may not always be on roadworthy, an automated gate should also its smooth operation and the continued duty. Accidents can occur at any time so be maintained. It is a legal requirement to efficacy of all safety features. It could also be prepared for how to deal with such an ensure an automated gate is adequately include a full risk assessment to re-evaluate occurrence if the usual member of staff is maintained (PUWER – Provision and Use of the physical setting and requirements of the not around Work Equipment Regulations 1998). The gate as these may have changed since its maintenance check can be undertaken by a original installation or last maintenance visit. Just like a car, which is required to undergo Gate Safe Aware installer and will take into regular servicing to ensure that it remains consideration the wear and tear on the gate, Gates installed and/or maintained by a Gate Safe Aware installer would feature the easily recognisable Gate Safe MOT which displays a clearly visible date indicating when the gate was last checked

If in any doubt about the safety of a school gate, ask for a specialist site visit. The cost of such an exercise is a drop in the ocean compared to the damage that can ensue if a child is injured.

For more information, see Gate Safe’s schools guide: https://bit.ly/2VER5pD (published in conjunction with education compliance management specialists Handsam) or email [email protected]

Gate Safe was set up in 2010, in the wake of the tragic deaths of two children crushed by automated gates, in separate accidents. The charity’s aim is to put a stop to any further accidents or fatalities occurring as a result of an unsafe electric gate or barrier installation.

The RoSPA Leisure & Education Journal January 2019 13 News from other journals

The Talking Toolkit is a practical guide to See: www.hse.gov.uk/gohomehealthy/stress/ Toolkit aims to help line managers, heads of department, education.htm heads of area or supervisors in schools have tackle stress in conversations about issues that may be From Safety Express, Nov/Dec 2018 schools causing work-related stress, or issues that could have the potential to become future Supervisor The Health and Safety Executive has causes if not managed properly, the HSE released a new Talking Toolkit designed to says. reactions help prevent stress in schools. The toolkit contains conversation templates Promoting positive supervisor reactions The resource has been launched as part of for line managers to use with colleagues on when a worker is injured, such as expressing HSE’s Go Home Healthy campaign, which six key themes: demands, control, support, empathy and reassurance, is an important is designed to reduce cases of work-related relationships, role and change. For each organisational work disability management ill-health, looking particularly at the three key conversation, the first sheet gives the line strategy, advises a new study that examines areas of work-related stress, lung disease and manager ideas on questions to provoke a the impact of the social workplace system musculoskeletal disorders. conversation about causes of stress, while the on sustained return-to-work (SRTW). second sheet offers ideas on tackling them. According to the HSE, over half a million working When people get injured and take time off work days were lost in secondary schools over the last The toolkit can be downloaded online and to recover, the way their supervisors react to 12 months due to stress, depression or anxiety is accompanied by a short video explaining the injury can affect every stage of their SRTW caused, or made worse, by work. how it can be used. – and how likely it is that they will successfully

Safety August 2018 September/October 2018 October 2018 express The RoSPA Getting to the Company boss jailed afterheart of workplace ON health and safety Biking abroad pages 12 & 13 brothers killed in explosion THE Cycling and walking pages 16 & 17 OS&H JOURNAL The sole owner and director of a construction Medallist’s Dutch Reach Managing dangerous company has been sentenced to eight months in page 11 News Court report Bringing safety home OS&H Bulletin H&S products Fleet safety page 02 page 06 page 09 centre page 28 substances page 18 prison after two labourers were killed in an CAREpage 10 ROAD explosion. Did you know... RoSPA Awards Brothers Ardian and Jashar Lamallari were employed as labourers pages 06 & 07 by Simon Thomerson, Director of Clearview Design and Construc- tion Ltd, and were working inside an industrial park in Hoddesdon, Hertfordshire in October 2015 to refurbish several of the units. An explosive fire occurred within one of the units and both broth ers suffered near 100% burns and died within 12 hours of the incident. A third man who was working with them also suffered severe burns but survived. inside A joint investigation by Hertfordshire Constabulary and the Health - and Safety Executive (HSE) found that Mr Thomerson had supplied Modern Slavery the three men with several litres of highly flammable ‘thinners’, Act 2015 to be which they then poured onto the floor of the unit to remove old dried carpet tile adhesive. reviewed News – The investigation found that the vapour had spread over an area Page 2 up to half the size of a tennis court and was ignited by one of sev- Avoiding slips eral possible ignition sources. Cartoon – Page 3 It concluded that Mr Thomerson had given no serious considera- tion to the safe use of the thinners, despite the obvious warnings Black lung on the on the containers. The scene following the explosion in the industrial unit. rise in US One world – Simon Thomerson pleaded guilty to breaching Section 3(1) of the RoSPA members get half-price HSE Inspector Paul Hoskins said: “This tragic incident led to the Page 4 Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974 wholly avoidable death of two brothers, Ardian and Jashar, destroy- A matter of sentence of eight months and was ordered to pay a victim sur- ing the lives of their young families. charge of £170. substance . He received a custodial “The risks of using highly flammable liquids are well-known, and A look at the theme of this employers should make sure they properly assess the risks from year’s European Week for such substances, and use safer alternatives where possible. Where Safety and Health at Work; the use of flammable solvents is unavoidable, then the method and dangerous substances – Page 5 Rise in workplace fatalenvironment must beinjuries strictly controlled to prevent any ignition.” Focus on... 144 workers in Great Britain were fatally injured Being struck by in 2017/18, provisional figures released by HSE an object have revealed. Law in action – The figure represents a rate of 0.45 deaths per 100,000 Page 7 15 fatal injuries were recorded in both the manufacturing and Metalworking advertising in all RoSPA journals workers, which is the same as the average rate of fatal injury over the last five years. A total of 135 workers were killed in the transport and storage sectors, which have an annual fluids initiative On message – 2016/17. average rate of fatal injury around 1.5 – 2 times the rate across all industries over the last five years. Page 8 HSE said that despite the rise in the number of deaths, there Sound advice has been a long-term reduction in fatalities since 1981 and The three most common causes of fatal injury were falling Nic Wray, Communications the figure has remained broadly level in recent years. from height (35 deaths), being struck by a moving vehicle (26 Manager at the British deaths) and being struck by a moving object (23), accounting Tinnitus Association, explains The highest rate of fatal injury in 2017/18 was found in the for nearly 60% of fatalities at work in 2017/18. what tinnitus is and how agriculture sector, where 29 workers were killed and the rate damage to hearing can be of deaths was around 18 times as high as the all-industry rate. The figures also revealed that 40% of fatalities in 2017/18 were prevented – Centre pages 38 fatal injuries to construction workers were recorded, workers aged 60 or over, even though workers of that age accounting for the largest share of any industry. The annual made up only around 10% of the workforce. Sickness absence average rate over the last five years in construction is around falls The HSE data does not include fatal accidents on non-rail Health focus – four times as high as the all-industry rate. transport systems or work-related dea Page 13 12 waste and recycling workers were killed at work and HSE 100 members of the public were fatally injured in incidents Safety at risk in said that despite being a relatively small sector in terms of connected to work in 2017/18 with just overths from half of these schools, says union Call: 01367 820367 Email: [email protected] employment, the annual average fatal injury rate over the last fatal diseases. Union update – occurring on railways. five years is around 16 times as high as the all-industry rate. Page 14 HSE Chair Martin Temple said: “Despite the fact that Britain’s DVLA launches health and safety record is the envy of much of the world, the eyesight campaign The Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents increase in the number of workers fatally injured is clearly a On the road – source of concern.” Page 15 The Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents

The Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents

14 The RoSPA Leisure & Education Journal January 2019

Did you know... RoSPA members get half-price advertising in all RoSPA journals

June 2018 Safety ON July/August 2018 Road workers’ safety express pages 12 & 13 Getting to the THE Motorcycling Waste paper company heartfined of workplace page 16 health and safety Cycling pages 10 & 11 Fleet safety news £250,000 after fatality CAREpage 09 ROAD Risk Up campaign page 08 Worker’s death was “easily preventable,” according to HSE A waste disposal company has been sentenced after an employee was crushed to death in a baling machine. The worker was killed in March 2017 at RRS London Waste Papers Ltd in Kent, after falling down the loading hopper into the compac- to the risk of falling a significant distance either into the compac tion chamber of a baling machine. tion chamber or the surrounding concrete floor, HSE said. The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) said that the employee was RRS London Waste Papers Ltd was found guilty of breaching Sec- most likely attempting to clear a blockage when he fell into the tion 2(1) of the Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974 chamber, initiating the compaction sequence. He was found dead £250,000 and ordered to pay costs of £6,639 and a victim sur- - inside inside the chamber after suffering fatal crush injuries. charge of £170. Report sets out August 2018 HSE’s investigation into the fatality found that it could have been HSE Inspector Nicholas Wright said: “This tragic incident,. Itwhich was finedled prevented if the company had devised and instructed workers on a to the avoidable death of a father, was easily preventable and the scale of labour safe method for clearing machine blockages. risk should have been identified. exploitation News – Climbing up the baler to clear machine blockages exposed workers “Employers should make sure they properly assess and apply Page 2 effective control measures to minimise the risk from dangerous SafetySkin deep parts of machinery. Maintenance workSeptember/October should only be carried out 2018 when the piece of equipment is isolated and confirmed safe. Com Cartoon – Page 3 panies should be aware that HSE will not hesitate to take enforce- ON ment action against those that fall below the required standards.” Violations of November 2018 workers’ rights onexpress Biking abroad Getting to the - the rise pages 12 & 13 CompanyOne world – boss jailed afterheart of workplace THE Cycling and walking Page 4 The RoSPA health and safety pages 16 & 17 Checking-up Medallist’s Dutch Reach A short guide to the topic of page 11 health surveillance. – Fleet safety brothers killed in explosion CAREpage 10 ROAD Focus on... Page 5 RoSPA Awards The sole owner and director of a construction company has been sentenced to eightAsbestos months in pages 06 & 07 & Law in action – OS H JOURNAL prison after two labourers were killed in an Page 7 News RoSPA news Ladder safety OS&H Bulletin Brexit vigilance Mental health support explosion. Dangerous page 02 page 06 page 16 centre The baling machinepage at RRS London18 Waste Papers Ltd (abovepage and right). 11 Brothers Ardian and Jashar Lamallari were employedsubstances as labourers by Simon Thomerson, Director of Clearviewcampaign Design and Construc- tion Ltd, and were working inside an industriallaunched park in Hoddesdon, Hertfordshire in October 2015 to refurbish several of the units. On message – An explosive fire occurred within one of the units and both Pagebroth 8 Half of workers have experienceders suffered near 100% burns and died withinPublic 12 hours duty of the incident. A third man who was working withJacky them Steemsonalso suffered looks at severe burns but survived. some of the most common inside poor mental health, surveyA joint investigation finds by Hertfordshire Constabularyhealth and and safety the Health issues - that can lead to prosecutions for 48% of workers have experienced poor mental health, and Safety Executive (HSE) found that Mr Thomerson had supplied Modern Slavery the three men with several litres of highly flammableendangering ‘thinners’, members of such as stress, low mood, and anxiety, while working at the public. – Act 2015 to be which they then poured onto the floor of the unit to remove old their current organisation, a new survey has found. Centre pages reviewed dried carpet tile adhesive. The poll of almost 44,000 employees, carried out by mental Presenteeism hits News – The investigation found that the vapour had spread over an area Page 2 signs they were struggling with poor mental health, while record high, survey health charity Mind found that half of those that had up to half the size of a tennis court and was ignited by one of sev- 21% said that their current workload was unmanageable. Avoiding slips experienced poor mental health chose to tell their employer eral possible ignition sources. finds Health focus – Cartoon – about their difficulties. Emma Mamo, Head of Workplace Wellbeing at Mind, said: Page 3 It concluded that Mr Thomerson had given no serious considera-Page 13 84% of the survey respondents said that they would continue “Too many people struggling withtion poor to themental safe health,use of the such thinners, despite the obvious warnings Black lung on the New TUC guide to go to work when experiencing poor mental health, as stress, anxiety and depression,on still the feelcontainers. they need to stay for reps The scene following the explosion in the industrial unit. rise in US One world – compared to 58% who would go to work when experiencing silent. For some, reasons include;Simon not feeling Thomerson comfortable pleaded guilty to breachingUnion Section update 3(1) – of the HSE Inspector Paul Hoskins said: “This tragic incide Page 4 disclosing their mental health problem, worrying their poor physical health. Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974 Page 14 wholly avoidable death of two brothers, Ardian and Jashar, destroy- employer will think they can’t dosentence their job of and eight not months wanting and to was ordered to pay a victim sur- A matter of 42% of workers felt their manager would be able to spot the Motorists urged ing the lives of their young families. be treated differently. charge of £170. to respect road substance . He received a custodial “The risks of using highly flammable liquids are well-known,nt led to andthe A look at the theme of this “We need to see more workplaces encouraging open workers employers should make sure they properly assess the risks from year’s European Week for The Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents On the road – conversations about mental health and championing a more such substances, and use safer alternatives where possible. Where Safety and Health at Work; Page 15 dangerous substances supportive and open environment.” the use of flammable solvents is unavoidable, then the method and The Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents – Page 5 Rise in workplace fatalenvironment must beinjuries strictly controlled to prevent any ignition.” Focus on... 144 workers in Great Britain were fatally injured Being struck by in 2017/18, provisional figures released by HSE an object have revealed. Law in action – The figure represents a rate of 0.45 deaths per 100,000 Page 7 workers, which is the same as the average rate of fatal injury 15 fatal injuries were recorded in both the manufacturing and Metalworking over the last five years. A total of 135 workers were killed in the transport and storage sectors, which have an annual fluids initiative On message – 2016/17. average rate of fatal injury around 1.5 – 2 times the rate across all industries over the last five years. Page 8 HSE said that despite the rise in the number of deaths, there Sound advice has been a long-term reduction in fatalities since 1981 and The three most common causes of fatal injury were falling Nic Wray, Communications the figure has remained broadly level in recent years. from height (35 deaths), being struck by a moving vehicle (26 Manager at the British deaths) and being struck by a moving object (23), accounting Tinnitus Association, explains The highest rate of fatal injury in 2017/18 was found in the for nearly 60% of fatalities at work in 2017/18. what tinnitus is and how agriculture sector, where 29 workers were killed and the rate damage to hearing can be of deaths was around 18 times as high as the all-industry rate. The figures also revealed that 40% of fatalities in 2017/18 were prevented – Centre pages 38 fatal injuries to construction workers were recorded, workers aged 60 or over, even though workers of that age accounting for the largest share of any industry. The annual made up only around 10% of the workforce. Sickness absence average rate over the last five years in construction is around falls The HSE data does not include fatal accidents on non-rail Health focus – four times as high as the all-industry rate. transport systems or work-related deaths from fatal diseases. Page 13 12 waste and recycling workers were killed at work and HSE 100 members of the public were fatally injured in incidents Safety at risk in said that despite being a relatively small sector in terms of connected to work in 2017/18 with just over half of these schools, says union employment, the annual average fatal injury rate over the last Union update – occurring on railways. five years is around 16 times as high as the all-industry rate. Page 14 HSE Chair Martin Temple said: “Despite the fact that Britain’s DVLA launches health and safety record is the envy of much of the world, the eyesight campaign The Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents increase in the number of workers fatally injured is clearly a On the road – source of concern.” Page 15 The Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents

The Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents

Call: 01367 820367 Email: [email protected] News from other journals

return to work, state researchers from Australia’s is one of the biggest contributing factors to Monash University and the Institute for Work teachers’ excessive workload and for many Keeping Kids and Health (IWH), Canada. teachers leaving the profession. Safe packs They found that “a supervisor’s supportive The union’s survey of 11,341 primary and reaction to an injury – for example, by secondary school teachers working in 6,908 RoSPA chief executive Errol Taylor visited expressing empathy and reassurance instead of schools found that 25 per cent of primary school Scotland to meet families that received scepticism and blame – can matter more than teachers and 18 per cent of secondary teachers Keeping Kids Safe packs at their north of whether an injured worker has strong social have seen a review in policy and practice in the border launch during 2018’s Family support at the workplace, though the latter is their school in planning since the publication of Safety Week. also important.” the Government’s 2016 recommendations on reducing workload. Errol headed a focus group with five mums at The study is based on the compensation Home-Start, Dundee, one of the organisations claims of 869 workers, in the Australian A total of 78 per cent of secondary teachers and working with RoSPA to distribute the packs to state of Victoria, who were taking time off 69 per cent of primary teachers reported that families who really need them. The mothers due to a workplace injury (both physical and the volume of marking they undertake remains reported that they found the packs beneficial psychological), and a follow-up study on 629 of unmanageable, while 60 per cent of primary and, since receiving them, their children had those workers six-months later. teachers and 54 per cent of secondary teachers not been involved in any accidents. Along with said the volume and type of planning required is Carlene McAvoy, RoSPA Scotland’s community Participants were asked about the level of unmanageable. safety development manager, Errol was keen to support and co-operation they received from hear from the mums of any changes that could supervisors and co-workers prior to their injury, Triple marking, where teachers mark students’ be made to improve the packs. as well as their reactions to the injury, such as work, students respond to feedback and then blame, support, anger, sympathy and disbelief. teachers mark it again, is still being undertaken Dundee was the first place in the UK to in 63 per cent of primary schools and 59 per distribute the packs through a project Results showed that those who reported a cent of secondary schools. Photographing coordinated by the city council’s home safety supportive supervisor reaction were 2.3 times pupils’ practical work, more usually seen in officer Laura McDermott. Home-Start is one of more likely to have sustainably returned to primary schools, is still being done by 82 per the leading family support charities in the UK, work than those who received a negative cent of primary teachers, while recording with volunteers helping families with young supervisor reaction. Those questioned six conversations with pupils and what the children deal with the challenges they face. months later were also more likely to have conversations were about (“oral evidence”) is The next RoSPA Family Safety Week is April sustainably returned to work if they had a carried out by 61 per cent of primary teachers. 1-5, 2019. supportive supervisor. According to the NEU this is highly impractical From The RoSPA Home Safety Journal, Dec 2018 From The RoSPA OS&H Journal, December 2018 when teaching 30 pupils or more, time consuming and takes time away from actual teaching. See page 03 for a full list of RoSPA’s Reduce teacher journals and information about how to subscribe. workload, says From Safety Express, Nov/Dec 2018 union Useful RoSPA resources for leisure and The UK’s largest education union has called for action to reduce teachers’ workload education safety professionals following a poll of primary and secondary school staff. Leisure safety:Felled www.rospa.com/leisure-safety/ tree hits car The National Education Union (NEU) says that Safety in education: www.rospa.com/schoolandcollegesafety/ the Department for Education (DfE) and Office www.rospa.com/play-safety/ (RoSPA’s activities in the area of play for Standards in Education, Children’s Services Play safety: safety are carried out under an exclusive licence arrangement by an independent and and Skills (Ofsted) must do more to cut down highly experienced specialist company, “Playsafety Ltd” which trades under such on unnecessary practices surrounding marking, licence as “RoSPA Play Safety”). planning and data collection, which it argues

The RoSPA Leisure & Education Journal January 2019 15 NewsCourt shorts

Butlin’s case The judge pressed counsel for suggestions as 2. The system in place to reduce the risk of to measures he felt should have been taken. customers doing so, along with detecting “potentially an In response, he accepted that it was a drinking and clearing up spillages if they occurred, important precedent” venue and was not suggesting that Butlin’s was operational and its measures reasonable, should have banned all drinks or that the satisfying the common duty The successful defence of Butlin’s against entrance to the dance floor should have been a dance floor slip claim relating to a spilt controlled by a barrier where checks would be 3. Even if he were wrong on the first two points, drink sets a legal precedent for future cases, carried out. the judge stated that there was no evidence says law firm Keoghs. to conclude that a different policy would Claimant’s counsel did, however, suggest the have prevented the accident or made it more Keoghs’ corporate and sector risks team defendant could have stationed sufficient unlikely. defended Butlin’s against the claim by an employees to intercept and prevent any attendee of an adult-only weekend at a customer who attempted to take a drink on the The claimant’s claim was dismissed. Butlin’s resort during which music acts were dance floor. This was dismissed by the judge as performing at an on-site venue close to a wholly unrealistic suggestion. David Scott, Head of Keoghs Corporate capacity. The claimant alleged that she slipped and Sector Risks’ Leisure and Hospitality on a spilt drink on the dance floor, sustaining The judge stated that in any public venue team, said: “This is potentially an important a fractured left foot. The claim was brought where drinks are being served and carried by precedent for the leisure industry, given there against Butlin’s pursuant to section 2(2) of the members of the public there is an inevitable is no UK case law in which the defendant Occupiers’ Liability Act 1957 and/or in the tort risk of spillage. He also found that there was has been successful in defending a slipping of negligence. The trial was heard by His Honour no evidence as to when the spillage actually accident on a dance floor. As this matter was Judge Cooke at Birmingham County Court. occurred. He suggested that the spillage could heard by a circuit judge we hope that this have appeared only moments before the matter will provide guidance in future cases.” The claimant and her witness alleged they had claimant slipped and Butlin’s staff would not not seen any of the prevention systems, such have had the opportunity to clean it before the as warning signs and advice on TV screens, accident happened. Zoo keeper injured in operation on the day of her accident. using faulty ladder The claimant’s counsel also submitted that The judge made three key conclusions when systems Butlin’s had in place, like regular DJ summing up the case: The Zoological Society of London (ZSL), the announcements, inspection and cleaning and charity that runs London Zoo, pleaded guilty fully briefed staff members, were inadequate 1. The common duty in issue did not require to two health and safety offences after a and that the defendant should have taken the defendant to completely prevent all 20-year-old keeper suffered neck injuries steps to prevent any customer from taking customers from bringing drinks onto the dance when a ladder she was using gave way as she drinks onto the dance floor. floor, in breach of their policy cleaned out an aviary in July 2016.

16 The RoSPA Leisure & Education Journal January 2019 Court shorts

Westminster Magistrates’ Court heard the Work Act 1974. It was fined £100,000 and stepladder was known to be faulty but was Construction ordered to pay costs of £9,759.76. accidently brought back into use as it had companies fined after not been labelled as defective. In addition, Cladceil Limited, Nottingham, pleaded the keeper had not received any training with asbestos exposure guilty to breaching Regulation 15(2) of the regard to the use of ladders during her four Construction (Design and Management) years of employment. In court, the judge said Two construction companies were fined Regulations 2015. It was fined £12,000 and this lack of training was a direct cause of the after sub-contractors working under their ordered to pay costs of £47,184.48. accident. control were exposed to asbestos fibres during school refurbishment work. In defence, the counsel for ZSL told the court Legionnaires’ disease that the keeper had been due to have ladder Derby Crown Court heard that on August at leisure centre training but was “at the bottom of the list” as 1 2016, Oakwood junior school in Derby she did not usually work at height. was undergoing refurbishment work during the school holidays. During the work, two Tendring District Council was fined after ZSL was fined £40,000. The fine was reduced subcontractors removing suspended ceiling a member of public, who was a regular from a starting point of £150,000 due to tiles from rooms in the school entered a user of its leisure centre facilities, ZSL’s guilty pleas and due to mitigating storage room which had a suspended ceiling contracted Legionnaires’ Disease. circumstances – the fact that ZSL is a charity made from asbestos containing ceiling tiles. and so any fines would have to be paid from They started to remove the tiles, unaware Colchester Magistrates’ Court heard how the donations ZSL receives to carry out its that they contained asbestos, potentially the member of public frequently used conservation work. exposing themselves to harmful asbestos the showers at Walton Lifestyles when, in fibres. A licensed asbestos removal company November 2016, he fell seriously ill and was Company fined after working on site alerted management to the taken to hospital where he remained for 18 situation and action was taken to stop the days. He was diagnosed with Legionnaires’ diving incident work and deal with the contamination. disease, sepsis, pneumonia and chronic kidney failure. Water samples taken from A company specialising in underwater civil The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) the men’s shower tested positive for the engineering and commercial diving was found that Ashe Construction Limited, the legionella bacteria. Legionella bacteria can fined following an incident where a working principal contractor for the project, failed proliferate in hot and cold water systems diver was injured. to effectively plan, manage and monitor that are not properly maintained or cleaned. the work to prevent the accidental removal Beverley Magistrates’ Court heard how, of the asbestos containing tiles. It failed An investigation by the Health and Safety on August 29, 2017, a Northern Divers to effectively communicate information Executive (HSE) found Tendring District (Engineering) Ltd employee’s finger became about the asbestos, leaving the storage Council had failed to adequately manage trapped whilst fitting a cofferdam underwater room open without barriers or signage the water systems at a number of leisure at Immingham Port, causing the finger to be warning of asbestos. The work was not then centres in the district, including Walton severed. suitably managed or monitored to ensure Lifestyles, Dovercourt Lifestyles and Clacton that nobody came into contact with the Leisure Centre. The significant failings An investigation by the Health and Safety asbestos. included not having suitable and sufficient Executive (HSE) found the work was not Legionella Risk Assessments for the leisure properly planned, managed or conducted The HSE investigation also found that facilities and not providing adequate control in a manner that protected the health and Cladceil Limited, a contractor appointed measures required for Legionella control. safety of all persons taking part in the project, by Ashe Construction Ltd to carry out the Staff were not adequately trained and a lack thereby exposing employees to serious risk of suspended ceiling removal work, also failed of monitoring meant these failings went entrapment and injury. to effectively plan, manage and monitor the unnoticed for several months. work. Northern Divers (Engineering) Ltd of Humber Tendring District Council of Town Hall, Place, Hull, pleaded guilty to breaching Ashe Construction Limited, of Hitchin, Station Road, Clacton-on-Sea, Essex pleaded Regulation 6 (1) of the Diving at Work Herefordshire, pleaded guilty to breaching guilty to breaching Section 3(1) of the Regulations 1997 in relation to the incident Regulation 13(1) of the Construction (Design Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 and was and were fined £12,000 and ordered to pay and Management) Regulations 2015 and fined £27,000 and ordered to pay costs of costs of £2,369. Section 3(1) of the Health and Safety at £7,500.

The RoSPA Leisure & Education Journal January 2019 17 Minibus safety Bridgend County Borough Council fined following pupil death

Bridgend County Borough Council has place. Ashley was pronounced dead at the bus layby to make it big enough for all children been fined following the death of one scene. Another pupil was also injured. to board their bus from the pavement. This was pupil and injury to another after the pair completed by the council within a few weeks. were involved in a collision with the school An investigation by the HSE found the layby minibus. created before the school opened in September Bridgend County Borough Council of Civic 2008 was never large enough to accommodate Offices pleaded guilty to breaching Section 3 Following its investigation into the death of (1) of the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 15-year-old Ashley Talbot, the Health and A series of missed and was fined £300,000 and ordered to pay Safety Executive (HSE) has urged schools opportunities ment this incident costs of £29,228. to review traffic arrangements within their was waiting to happen grounds, and where possible design layouts so Speaking after the hearing, HSE inspector pupils are separated from moving traffic. Helen Turner said: “Firstly, we send our all school buses at home time. This had been heartfelt condolences to the family and friends Cardiff Crown Court heard how, on December identified by council officers but Bridgend of Ashley Talbot, whose life was tragically 10, 2014, Ashley was crossing the road in the Council made no plans to enlarge the layby ended at just 15. grounds of Maesteg Comprehensive School to so that pupils could board safely from the board his bus home when the collision took pavement. “We believe Ashley’s death could have been prevented, and a series of missed opportunities For three years before meant this incident was waiting to happen. the collision, some Although there had been previous near misses school buses had at Maesteg, there was no system for these to be been parking on the reported and discussed. There are some clear other side of the lessons to be learned, particularly for other road, which had no modern school sites. pavement, leaving children to board in “The need for children to cross the road the middle of the road to board their bus could have been taken while other vehicles away with proper planning and design, were able to travel which should always seek to keep vehicles in both directions and pedestrians apart. HSE’s guidance between the waiting clearly states that transport safety at every buses. workplace should start with the creation of a ‘safe site.’ South Wales Police investigated the “Planning and parking should take into circumstances of account ‘desire lines’, which are the routes the collision and no most people will choose to take. Children charges were brought may not be risk aware, there will be a rush of against the minibus children all leaving school at once, and they driver. will race for the back seat. This predictable behaviour makes it all the more important In the days following that transport risk is properly managed, and the accident, HSE regularly reviewed. took enforcement action against “At HSE we stand by the principle of Plan, Do, Bridgend Council. Check, Act. This management approach is as This prohibited pertinent for school grounds as it is any other children from workplace. We hope this prosecution will serve boarding school as a reminder to those with a responsibility of buses from the road care to address transport risk in schools and and required the actively monitor that their arrangements are council to modify the effective to keep children safe.”

18 The RoSPA Leisure & Education Journal January 2019 Minibus safety Lessons to be learnt from school minibus tragedies

I possibly responded: “OK guys; yeah, you want a policy on minibus driving. However, there is Jim Bennetts, former Ofsted inspector to wind me up. But don’t mess me about when government advice: Driving school minibuses, and chair of governors at a school in I’m trying to concentrate. I don’t want my advice for schools and local authorities. This the north west of England, considers driving to kill you. Really I don’t!” defines minibuses as 9-16 passenger vehicles, the lessons to be learnt from transport for which drivers may need a category D1 tragedies There were a lot licence, though in of trips but I had A teacher was found to have taken some circumstances a Heed should be paid by schools to the only two mishaps out pupils in a minibus early in B licence is accepted potential dangers of traffic circulation on when I was the only the morning while the worse from (generally if the or near their sites. The tragic incident that adult on board: a the night before driving test was pre- occurred at Maesteg Comprehensive School prang on the very 1997). Much hinges (page 18) could have been foreseen. The narrow Honister pass in the Lake District and on “use not for hire or reward”, and the driver HSE makes much of “desire lines” with pupil a breakdown near Tenby, where a local church operating on a voluntary basis. Fee-paying movement. In this case, pupils routinely took us in for the night. Drivers of pupils must schools which do not have charitable status dashed across the road for their homebound be fully in command of the vehicle, of the should take legal advice; staff who have driving bus, possibly keen to get their favourite passengers, and of themselves, and be capable as part of their job description may not be seats. A bus driver described the situation of dealing with any difficult circumstances. deemed voluntary. as “a free for all”; teachers described several Some schools require a second adult to be on previous “near the bus, especially with Subject to Brexit, EU drivers are entitled to misses”. The school responded quickly, younger pupils, or where the same driving allowance in the UK as a putting in a better road that mobile phone contact UK licence holder but do not have the same A few years ago, at an enabled parents to pick up and cannot be guaranteed. entitlement in their own country, for example, independent school in drop off day pupils safely a German driver on a B licence can drive a the south east, a boy A few years ago, a chair 16 seater minibus (weight restricted) in the was killed as he dashed across the road from of governors at a secondary school in the north UK, but not in Germany. In Northern Ireland the main site to a sports field on the opposite west recounted how a teacher was found to everybody driving a vehicle with over eight side of a busy road. At an independent school have taken out pupils in a minibus early in passenger seats must have a full D1 or D in Somerset, which has iconic listed buildings, the morning while the worse from the night licence. inspectors required the governors to ensure before. Governors blocked the teacher’s pay safer traffic circulation on the site. The school progression for one year. If there was a mishap The guidance recommends MiDAS ((Minibus responded quickly, putting in a better road with a school party in a minibus, the buck Driver Awareness Scheme) training courses, that enabled parents to pick up and drop off stops with school leaders and governors. especially where the driver has a B rather than day pupils safely and without driving amongst a D category licence. RoSPA offers similar and pupils on a narrow driveway. Occasionally, accidents occur with school has guidance which can be incorporated in minibus parties, often with no blame to school policies: RoSPA Minibus safety, a code Driver competence was not an issue with the the driver. In 2018 there was a horrendous of practice (see links below). The 70-page south Wales incident. However, there was a accident affecting a school minibus on its code of practice gives advice for managers, tragic incident in Coventry, where an elderly way north through Schools should be rigorous with drivers, on passenger and stressed Midland Red bus driver lost Birmingham. A bin care, about the vehicle, control of his double decker bus, with fatal lorry pulled out all training and monitoring of and on travel abroad. results. That highlights the need for vigilance (recklessly, as it has school bus drivers An appendix has pro- on the part of managers with regard to the since been judged) in front of a large school forma with, for example, advice to parents and competence of drivers. Midland Red was minibus; the bus turned over. There was a children. fined £2million on account of ineffective fatality, a highly talented girl. Accounts of the management of its staff. situation bring tears to the eyes. The bus driver www.rospa.com/rospaweb/docs/advice- was exonerated. services/road-safety/practitioners/ As a young teacher, I believe I was in control minibus-code-of-practice.pdf when driving minibuses. Of course, I was Schools should be rigorous with all training sometimes teased (hopefully not distracted) by and monitoring of school bus drivers, so that www.ctauk.org/training/midas students who orchestrated, for instance: “Sir, is they can demonstrate that they have taken a police car following us? Sir, there’s something all reasonable steps to ensure safety. There is www.rospa.com/safety-training/on-road/ flashing! Sir, Jonny’s going to be sick” etc. And no national requirement for schools to have driver-training

The RoSPA Leisure & Education Journal January 2019 19 RoSPA news A very happy 65th birthday to RoSPA’s iconic Tufty Fluffytail

Tufty Fluffytail, the iconic red squirrel who Tufty’s image was changed to keep up was instrumental in helping millions of with the times in 1979, and again in children to learn about road safety from 1993, before new methods of helping the 1950s-1990s, has celebrated his 65th children to learn about road safety came birthday. to the fore. In 2007, Tufty once again rose to national prominence when he Created in 1953 by Elsie Mills MBE, who worked made a guest appearance in the cult on child safety initiatives at the Royal Society BBC series Life on Mars. for the Prevention of Accidents (RoSPA), Tufty helped to communicate simple safety Errol Taylor, chief executive of RoSPA, messages to children across the UK. said: “Tufty’s legacy lives on through the messages that we continue to receive In 1961, his influence was cemented through from former members of the Tufty Club, the formation of the Tufty Club – a nationwide telling us of the impact he had on them network of local road safety groups for children. and, for many, how they have used At its peak, there were 24,500 registered Tufty their memories of Tufty to talk to their Clubs, with membership passing two million children and now their grandchildren children in 1972. about road safety.”

Story books, short TV films (some narrated Like many in his generation, Tufty by Bernard Cribbins), comics, board games, has not retired – his image currently address multiple safety, health and wellbeing handkerchiefs, jigsaw puzzles, stickers, features on RoSPA’s Keeping Kids Safe packs issues such as fire safety, falls prevention and colouring books, Christmas cards, soft toys, for families with under-5s and he was also the social isolation; and the promotion of self- ceramic figures, puppets, toothbrushes, subject of some safety activities for children assessment tools to enable older drivers to mealtime sets, knitting patterns, nightwear at an exhibition to mark the safety charity’s think about how they can drive safer for longer. fabric and song sheets were among the centenary last year. We are also working with employers to promote items that helped to maintain Tufty’s profile. sustainable working lives and some firms are Although focusing on road safety education, Errol Taylor said: “We’re looking forward beginning to develop carry-over programmes Tufty and his Furryfolk friends, including to continuing to work with Tufty to raise that take safety learning from the workplace Policeman Badger and Willy Weasel, also awareness of some key safety challenges. That into other parts of life, especially on falls made forays into other areas of child safety, he has reached the age of 65 is particularly prevention.” including home and water safety. poignant because over-65s are among the groups most at risk of being seriously injured See www.rospa.com/tufty/ for more Tufty in accidents, especially from falls in the home, highlights. and they are a key priority group in the recently-launched national accident prevention strategy for England.

“People are increasingly seeking information about how they can age well to enjoy a productive and independent healthy older life, and there is a real opportunity to promote ageing as a good news story. Among the strategy’s recommendations for the over-65s age group are: continued action on falls prevention; the development of local partnerships that

20 The RoSPA Leisure & Education Journal January 2019 Schools and education Your questions answered

Q. Should schools take action about traffic Former Ofsted and the enforcement of parking inspector Jim restrictions outside schools? Bennetts answers your school and Keeping children safe is a school’s most A. education crucial responsibility - not least, safe from questions. traffic hazards around the school. Where there are significant problems or the situation is unusual, Ofsted may express concern, as in the extracts below from two Ofsted reports written a Schools should work with pupils, families few years ago: and local authorities to maximise children’s safety on the roads near schools, highlighting Pupils say they feel safe in school. approaching cars, and approaching motorists potential hazards and cultivating safe However, like many of their parents, they may not see the children. The Highway Code procedures. This may not be an easy task and are concerned about the hazards from the states “You MUST NOT wait or park, or stop to some school governors have experienced verbal large number of vehicles manoeuvring in set down and pick up passengers, on school abuse when taking issue with drivers. Where a confined space while collecting children entrance markings” (rule 238, Road Traffic practical, families should be encouraged to in the afternoon and the school has Regulations Act 1984.) Those been bringing this to the attention of the parking in the restricted appropriate authorities. area could face a fine of over £100 and the car could be Following the findings of the previous impounded. inspection, the school, its governors and the parish council have made significant and A local newspaper recently impressive efforts to improve the safety of reported: “Traffic wardens are the crossing arrangements between the two to swoop on every council- buildings. These are judged to be as safe as run school in Lancaster in a they can be in the circumstances of current bid to stamp out dangerous legislation, but are still considered to pose parking.” Council officers some risk. said they were not keen to issue penalties and often Yellow zigzag road markings outside schools just moved cars on, but 76 Concealed: Parked cars can be a potential hazard designate no-stopping zones, usually with a tickets had already been issued. time plate nearby. The restrictions apply only Less than a third of head teachers surveyed walk pupils to school, or, where appropriate, in term time. Cars parked in the restricted welcomed this action. One teacher challenged to encourage cycling. The NHS specifically area can conceal small children who are about a traffic warden, asking why parents were encourages “walking the kids to school”, to cross the road. The children may not see being “picked on”. Sometimes, parking down associated with the “10,000 steps a day” fitness the road from a school is also campaign. dangerous, due to bends and junctions. Schools hesitate At some schools, staff are assigned to pavement to upset parents and to seem duty to manage the behaviour of pupils (and officious. parents). However, school staff cannot assume the functions of a crossing patrol officer (for A particularly hazardous example, stopping traffic) unless properly situation can arise where trained and authorised. parents are dropping off a pupil who is on the point of being Got a question? late for the start of school: a car Email it to editor Andy Coleman, acoleman@ screeches to a halt, possibly on rospa.com. Or write to Leisure & Education the side of the road opposite Journal, RoSPA, 28 Calthorpe Road, yellow markings, and a child Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 1RP. Markings: No stopping on the yellow zigzags leaps out into traffic.

The RoSPA Leisure & Education Journal January 2019 21 Final word

Final Word

it is the only means.” With this in mind, I which meant it was languishing at the bottom Errol Taylor, proudly hang my fresh RoSPA Advanced of the league table – to challenging the UK for RoSPA’s chief Drivers and Riders certificate on my office wall, our third position behind exemplary Sweden executive, demonstrating my commitment to keeping and Norway. We agreed on the value of injury reflects on taking his skills and knowledge up to date through regular data and sophisticated analysis to identify root advanced training and re-testing. The certificate shows an causes and accidents hot spots. A big difference driving test. ability to perform to a satisfactory level in exam was the Swiss preoccupation with winter sports conditions and – more importantly – serves as a and associated accidents. Unless we see a constant reminder to perform to the same level repeat of the spring 2018 blizzard conditions, What a huge sense of relief! After a few in everyday driving conditions. the UK has to cope with rain rather than snow. weeks of re-reading the Highway Code and trying to unlearn various bad habits, it was A historical perspective wonderful to hear the examiner pronounce shows how far we, as a “that was a gold grade drive” and to realise country, have travelled. that I’d retained my position in that elite Back in the 1960s, more group of – arguably – the best drivers in than 7,200 people lost the world. Just 0.02 per cent (or 1 in 4,500) their lives on British of the UK’s drivers put themselves through roads every year. This the RoSPA Advanced Driving Test every unacceptable death three years. Advanced drivers tend to have toll was addressed by fewer accidents and use less fuel than a powerful coalition other drivers, while still being able to make of legislators, police, good progress through our congested road road engineers, vehicle network. As with any high standard, it is manufacturers and challenging to keep performing well, year educators. Thanks after year. to cars packed full of safety features, Today’s increasingly connected world means improved road layouts, Rush hour: The centre of Bern, home of the bfu that we rarely have time to focus on ourselves Tufty and the Think! and maintaining our own performance. Yet hedgehogs, the toll had fallen to 2,000 road Data can often confirm “common sense” and we owe it to ourselves, our passengers and fatalities per year by 2010. Although this is the latest data shows that many skiing and other road users to do our best whenever we still too high, the reduction has meant that snowboard accidents happen where pistes get behind the controls of vehicle. Carmakers, the road safety community has saved the intersect. As a non-skier, I was baffled by together with Google, Uber and Tesla, will lives of a population equivalent to the town of the idea of hurtling down a thrilling ski slope eventually develop completely safe, fully Carlisle (approx. 100,000 people). Most of these and suddenly realising that I might have to autonomous vehicles but in the meantime, people will never realise that their lives were take avoiding action because my route was we have to recognise that cars are driven by saved by their seat belt, a set of traffic lights crossing another which was full of skiers going people and people make mistakes. According or courtesy shown towards another frustrated in various directions. Ski slope designers could to the Department for Transport, human error driver. Human life is precious. According to DfT benefit from copying motorway design, where and deliberately risky behaviour (such as figures, the cash value of these saved lives is everyone is travelling in the same direction exceeding the speed limit) were contributory estimated – at 2017 prices – at a mind-blowing at similar speeds, or road junctions where factors in almost 90 per cent of UK road £190billion*. traffic lights, stop and give way signs help accidents in 2017. us negotiate hazards safely. Maybe skiers During a recent visit to RoSPA’s Swiss equivalent, themselves would also benefit from the skiing For many, driving is an important part of life, the bfu, we compared the similarities and equivalent of an advanced driving test… giving a sense of freedom to travel wherever differences between our organisations and their because accidents don’t have to happen! and whenever we want. In contrast, Albert environments. Although the UK has tended to Einstein had no car of his own, and he never have one of the lowest fatal accident rates in *DfT RAS60001 gives the average value of learned how to drive, but it is hard to disagree Europe, Switzerland has deployed its wealth and prevention per reported road casualty, in 2017, with his assertion that “setting an example clockwork precision over the last few decades as £1.897million. £1,897,000 x 100,000 = is not the main means of influencing others, to move from its relatively poor accident rate – £189.7billion.

22 The RoSPA Leisure & Education Journal January 2019 2019 RoSPA Health & Safety Awards LONDON | BIRMINGHAM | GLASGOW

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