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Reiter István Reiter István C# 2009, 0.91 verzió 2 Tartalomjegyzék 1. Bevezet ő…………………………………………………………………………….......8 1.1. A jegyzet jelölései…………………………………………………………………8 1.2. Jogi feltételek………………………………………………………………………8 2. Microsoft .NET Framework…………………………………………………………...9 2.1. A .NET platform…………………………………………………………………….9 2.1.1. MSIL/CIL……………………………………………………………………...9 2.1.2. Fordítás/futtatás…………………………………………………………….9 2.1.3. BCL. …………………………………………………………………………10 2.2. A C# programozási nyelv……………………………………………………….10 2.3. Alternatív megoldások…………………………………………………………10 2.3.1. SSCLI………………………………………………………………………10 2.3.2. Mono…………………………………………………………………………10 2.3.3. DotGNU……………………………………………………………………..10 3. Fejleszt ői környezetek………………………………………………………………..12 3.1. Microsoft Visual Studio…………………………………………………………12 3.2. SharpDevelop…………………………………………………………………….13 3.3. MonoDevelop……………………………………………………………………..14 4. “Hello C#!”……………………………………………………………………………..16 4.1. A C# szintaktikája………………………………………………………………..17 4.1.1. Kulcsszavak……………………………………………………………….17 4.1.2. Megjegyzések……………………………………………………………..18 4.2. Névterek…………………………………………………………………………...18 5. Változók………………………………………………………………………………...20 5.1. Típusok…………………………………………………………………………….20 5.2. Lokális változók………………………………………………………………….21 5.3. Referencia- és értéktípusok……………………………………………………21 5.4. Boxing és Unboxing…………………………………………………………….22 5.5. Konstansok……………………………………………………………………….23 5.6. A felsorolt típus…………………………………………………………………..23 5.7. Null típusok………………………………………………………………………..24 6. Operátorok……………………………………………………………………………..25 6.1. Operátor precedencia…………………………………………………………...25 6.2. Értékadó operátor………………………………………………………………..25 6.3. Matematikai operátorok…………………………………………………………26 6.4. Relációs operátorok……………………………………………………………..26 6.5. Logikai/feltételes operátorok…………………………………………………..27 6.6. Bit operátorok…………………………………………………………………….30 6.7. Rövid forma……………………………………………………………………….32 6.8. Egyéb operátorok………………………………………………………………..33 7. Vezérlési szerkezetek………………………………………………………………...34 7.1. Szekvencia………………………………………………………………………...34 7.2. Elágazás……………………………………………………………………………34 7.3. Ciklus……………………………………………………………………………….36 7.3.1. Yield………………………………………………………………………….39 7.4. Gyakorló feladatok……………………………………………………………….39 8. Tömbök………………………………………………………………………………….41 8.1. Többdimenziós tömbök…………………………………………………………42 3 8.2. ArrayList…………………………………………………………………………...44 8.3. Gyakorló feladatok……………………………………………………………….46 9. Stringek…………………………………………………………………………………47 9.1. Metódusok…………………………………………………………………………47 9.2. StringBuilder………………………………………………………………………49 10. Típuskonverziók……………………………………………………………………….51 10.1. Ellen őrzött konverziók…………………………………………………………51 10.2. Is és as…………………………………………………………………………….52 10.3. Karakterkonverziók……………………………………………………………..52 11. Gyakorló feladatok I………………………………………………………………...54 12. Objektum-orientált programozás – elmélet…………………………………….54 12.1. UML………………………………………………………………………………..56 12.2. Osztály…………………………………………………………………………….56 12.3. Adattag és metódus…………………………………………………………….56 12.4. Láthatóság………………………………………………………………………..57 12.5. Egységbezárás…………………………………………………………………..57 12.6. Örökl ődés………………………………………………………………………...58 13. Osztályok……………………………………………………………………………..58 13.1. Konstruktorok……………………………………………………………….......59 13.2. Adattagok…………………………………………………………………………62 13.3. Láthatósági módosítók………………………………………………………...62 13.4. Parciális osztályok……………………………………………………………...62 13.5. Beágyazott osztályok…………………………………………………………..63 13.6. Objektum inicializálók………………………………………………………….64 13.7. Destruktorok……………………………………………………………………..64 14. Metódusok……………………………………………………………………………67 14.1. Paraméterek……………………………………………………………………...68 14.2. Parancssori paraméterek……………………………………………………...71 14.3. Kiterjesztett metódusok…….………………………………………………….71 14.3.1. Gyakorló feladatok……………………………………………………72 15. Statikus tagok………………………………………………………………………….73 15.1. Statikus adattagok………………………………………………………………73 15.2. Statikus metódusok…………………………………………………………….73 15.3. Statikus tulajdonságok………………………………………………………...74 15.4. Statikus konstruktor……………………………………………………………74 15.5. Statikus osztályok………………………………………………………………74 15.6. Gyakorló feladatok……………………………………………………………...75 16. Tulajdonságok………………………………………………………………………76 17. Indexel ők……………………………………………………………………………..79 18. Gyakorló feladatok II……………………………………………………………….80 19. Örökl ődés…………………………………………………………………………….81 19.1. Konstruktorok…………………………………………………………………...82 19.2. Polimorfizmus…………………………………………………………………...82 19.3. Virtuális metódusok…………………………………………………………….83 19.4. Lezárt osztályok…………………………………………………………………85 19.5. Absztrakt osztályok…………………………………………………………….86 20. Interfészek……………………………………………………………………………88 20.1. Explicit interfészimplementáció……………………………………………...90 20.2. Virtuális tagok……………………………………………………………………91 20.3. Gyakorlati példa 1……………………………………………………………….92 4 20.4. Gyakorlati példa 2……………………………………………………………….94 21. Operátor túlterhelés………………………………………………………………...96 21.1. Egyenl őség operátorok………………………………………………………..97 21.2. Relációs operátorok…………………………………………………………….98 21.3. Konverziós operátorok…………………………………………………………98 21.4. Kompatibilitás más nyelvekkel……………………………………………….99 21.5. Gyakorlati példa………………………………………………………………..100 22. Struktúrák…………………………………………………………………………...102 23. Kivételkezelés………………………………………………………………………103 23.1. Kivétel hierarchia………………………………………………………………104 23.2. Saját kivétel készítése………………………………………………………...105 23.3. Kivétel továbbadása…………………………………………………………..105 23.4. Finally blokk…………………………………………………………………….105 24. Generikusok………………………………………………………………………..107 24.1. Generikus metódusok………………………………………………………...107 24.2. Generikus osztályok…………………………………………………………..108 24.3. Generikus megszorítások……………………………………………………110 24.4. Örökl ődés……………………………………………………………………….111 24.5. Statikus tagok……………………………………………………………….....111 24.6. Generikus gy űjtemények…………………………………………………….112 24.7. Generikus interfészek………………………………………………………...113 25. Delegate –ek………………………………………………………………………..114 25.1. Többszörös delegate –ek…………………………………………………….115 25.2. Paraméter és visszatérési érték…………………………………………….116 25.3. Névtelen metódusok…………………………………………………………..117 26. Események………………………………………………………………………….118 26.1. Gyakorló feladatok…………………………………………………………….119 27. Lambda kifejezések……………………………………………………………….120 27.1. Generikus kifejezések………………………………………………………...120 27.2. Kifejezésfák……………………………………………………………………..121 27.3. Lambda kifejezések változóinak hatóköre………………………………..121 27.4. Eseménykezel ők..……………………………………………………………..122 28. Attribútumok………………………………………………………………………..123 29. Az el őfordító………………………………………………………………………..125 30. Unsafe kód………………………………………………………………………….126 30.1. Fix objektumok………………………………………………………………...127 31. Többszálú alkalmazások………………………………………………………...128 31.1. Application Domain –ek………………………………………………………130 31.2. Szálak……………………………………………………………………………131 31.3. Aszinkron delegate –ek………………………………………………………131 31.4. Szálak létrehozása…………………………………………………………….135 31.5. Foreground és background szálak………………………………………...136 31.6. Szinkronizáció………………………………………………………………….136 32. Reflection……………………………………………………………………………142 33. Állománykezelés…………………………………………………………………..144 33.1. Olvasás/írás file –ból/file –ba………………………………………………..144 33.2. Könyvtárstruktúra kezelése…………………………………………………147 33.3. In – memory streamek………………………………………………………..149 34. Grafikus felület ű alkalmazások készítése…………………………………….151 34.1. Windows Forms – Bevezet ő..……………………………………………….151 5 34.2. Windows Presentation Foundation - Bevezet ő.………………………....153 35. Windows Forms…………………………………………………………………...156 36. Windows Forms – Vezérl ők.……………………….........................................160 36.1. Form……………………………………………….........................................160 36.2. Button……………………………………………….......................................161 36.3. Label……………………………………………….........................................162 36.4. TextBox……………………….………………………………………………...162 36.5. ListBox……………………….………………………………………………….164 36.6. CheckBox……………………….………………………………………………167 36.7. CheckedListBox……………………….………………………………………168 36.8. RadioButton……………………….…………………………………………...169 36.9. ComboBox……………………….……………………………………………..171 36.10. TreeView……………………….……………………………………………...172 36.11. DomainUpDown……………………….……………………………………..175 36.12. NumericUpDown……………………….…………………………………….176 36.13. ProgressBar…………………………………………………………………..176 36.14. TrackBar……………………….………………………………………………177 36.15. PictureBox……………………….……………………………………………177 36.16. RichTextBox……………………….…………………………………………178 36.17. DateTimePicker……………………….……………………………………...181 36.18. MenuStrip……………………………………………………………………..183 36.19. Általános párbeszédablakok………………………………………………186 36.20. TabControl…………………………………………………………………….192 36.21. ContextMenuStrip……………………………………………………………192 36.22. Gyakorló feladatok…………………………………………………………..192 37. Windows Forms – Komponensek.……………………………………………...193 37.1. Timer……………………………………………………………………………..193 37.2. ErrorProvider…………………………………………………………………...193 37.3. BackGroundWorker…………………………………………………………...194 37.4. Process………………………………………………………………………….196 37.5. ImageList………………………………………………………………………..196 37.6. Gyakorló feladatok…………………………………………………………….197 38. Windows Forms - Új vezérl ők létrehozása…………………………………....198 38.1. Származtatás…………………………………………………………………...198 38.2. UserControl -ok………………………………………………………………..200 39. Rajzolás: GDI+……………………………………………………………………..203 39.1. Képek kezelése………………………………………………………………...205 40. Drag and Drop……………………………………………………………………...206 41. Windows Presentation Foundation…………………………………………….208 41.1.
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