DOCSLIB.ORG

S15 Structural Pest Control, Category 7E, Pesticide Application Training

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
S15 Structural Pest Control, Category 7E, Pesticide Application Training PESTICIDE APPLICATION TRAINING Category 7E Structural Pest Control Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service 2 Table of Contents Integrated Pest Management in Structures 4 Pests Usually Reproducing Indoors 6 Cockroaches 6 Cockroach control 8 Silverfish and firebrats 10 Pests of stored food 12 Fabric pests 15 Occasional Invaders 19 Pests Annoying or Attacking People and Pets 29 Common flies in buildings 29 Spiders 31 Scorpions 34 Fleas 35 Ticks 36 Bed bug, bat bug and bird bugs 39 Wasps, bees and ants 40 Entomophobia 49 Fumigation 52 Types of fumigants 55 Preparation for fumigation 59 Application and post application 61 Safe use of fumigants 62 Vertebrate Pests 65 Birds 65 Rats and mice 70 Bats 77 Skunks 78 Tree squirrels 79 Raccoons 80 Directions for using this manual This is a self-teaching manual. At the end of each major section is a list of study questions to check your understanding of the subject matter. By each question in parenthesis is the page number on which the answer to that question can be found. This will help you in checking your answers. These study questions are representative of the type that are on the cer- tification examination. By reading this manual and answering the study questions, you should be able to gain sufficient knowledge to pass the Kansas Commercial Pesticide Applicators Certification examination. 3 Integrated Pest The prescription should include not Management in only what can be done for the cus- Insect pest management in struc- tomer, but also what the customer can Structures tures involves five basic steps: do in the way of habitat removal and 1. Inspection sanitation to make the control effort a 2. Diagnosis more successful and lasting one. Any 3. Prescription limitations of the prescription should 4. Application also be understood by the customer. 5. Evaluation The prescription can include one or more of these techniques: (a) good Step 1. Inspection housekeeping; Inspection includes asking ques- (b) exclusion of pests (by means of tions of the customer and examining mechanical repairs); or (c) pesticides, the building thoroughly to learn as baits, and/or growth regulators. much as possible about the problem. Good housekeeping is an impor- During the inspection, look for harbor- tant factor in the control of many age areas and conditions of moisture, structural pests. Unless the habitat can heat or darkness which favor infesta- be modified by removing the source of tions; food and water that can be used food and water, and eliminating hid- by pests; probable means of entry of ing places, the pests will probably be the pests (such as incoming foods) and able to survive and reproduce indefi- evidence of infestation (such as dam- nitely. If housekeeping is not properly age or droppings, as well as actual maintained, tactfully recommend cor- specimens or their cast skins. rective steps in management to help The inspection also should give the situation. some idea of the control measures to Exclusion of pest insects should be use, safety precautions that may be the first step of the prescription. This necessary during the control effort, includes caulking or filling cracks and when the work can best be done. and crevices in buildings and founda- Thoroughness during the inspection tions that may be points of entry, and is of great importance in providing screening all doors, windows, vents, many of these answers. etc., leading into buildings. Step 2. Diagnosis Pesticides, baits and growth regula- Diagnosis includes identification of tors, can be applied both inside and the pest and identification of any con- outside structures. Often, growth tributing factors (such as poor house- regulators can be used as a preventive keeping or moisture). Once the pest is measure in an effort to avoid using located it must be positively identified greater amounts of pesticide. These before proceeding. Many times an products are most effective if applied identification must be made from dam- to the areas most frequently inhabited age, droppings or cast skins. by the pests. After the pest has been identified, Step 4. Application it is much easier to inspect for other Application is the safe implementa- evidence of infestation, harborage ar- tion of the prescription. Remember, eas, and the means by which the pest the success of the prescription is only gained entry. To do this, a knowledge as good as the application, and vice of the biology and habits of the pest is versa. necessary. Step 3. Prescription Step 5. Evaluations Prescription includes what, how, Conduct evaluations to determine when and where to use the desired if control methods are working. Peri- control to correct the problem. Make odic inspections are perhaps the best the prescription only after the inspec- means of assessing success or failure. tion has been completed and all the Be sure to use forms to document all facts surrounding the problem are data for future review. known. 4 Integrated Pest Study Questions Management in 1. (4) Identification of the pest 3. (4) Caulking or filling in cracks and of other contributing fac- in buildings and foundations: Structures tors in insect pest management a. will keep all pests out of the is called: building a. diagnosis b. is for thermal insulation b. evaluation purposes only c. inspection c. should be the last step of d. integration the prescription d. is a method of pest 2. (4) Prescription includes how, exclusion when and where: a. to identify the pest 4. (4) A good way to assess suc- b. to use the desired control to cess or failure of a control pro- correct the problem gram is: c. to initiate an inspection a. periodic inspections plan b. to check for dead bugs im- d. the pest management mediately after spraying program will be operated c. to ask the customer one day within Kansas after pesticide application d. conduct yearly surveys 5 Pests Usually Nymphs molt several times before Reproducing becoming sexually mature males and females. As indicated in Table 1, the Indoors Cockroaches time required to complete the life Cockroaches are among the old- cycle varies from about two months to est of insects, as indicated by fossil nearly three years, depending on the remains dating to 300 million years species and environmental conditions. ago. This ability to survive the many Most cockroaches are tropical or changing environments through subtropical in origin and generally time illustrates the capability of these live outdoors. However, some species insects to adapt to wide ranges of have become well-adapted to living habitats and living conditions. with humans. They can be carried Cockroaches may mechanically into homes in cartons, sacks and con- transmit diseases. They also contami- tainers. Cockroaches have also been nate food and kitchen utensils with shown to travel along water pipes excrement and salivary secretions, between apartments with common leaving an unpleasant odor. Cock- plumbing. roaches sometimes produce allergic Most cockroaches are nocturnal reactions in humans. The allergy is and appear during daylight only due to the insect’s body parts, not when disturbed or where there is a the odor. Therefore, it is important to large population. They prefer warm, make an effort to avoid having these dark, moist shelters and often are body parts become airborne, e.g. by German Cockroach found around food handling areas; sweeping, the use of aerosol flushing where pipes or electrical wiring pass agents, etc. along or through a wall; behind win- Biology and Behavior dow or door frames, loose baseboards Cockroaches develop by gradual or molding strips; or undersides of metamorphosis through three life tables, chairs and equipment. stages: egg, nymph and adult. Adult Cockroaches feed on a variety of females produce small, bean-like cap- plant and animal products, includ- sules or oothecae that contain the eggs. ing meat and grease, starchy foods, Depending on the species, these cap- sweets, baked goods and other sules may be dropped at random near unprotected kitchen goods. They also food, glued to some surface by the feed on materials such as wallpaper female soon after they are formed, or paste, and book binding and sizing. carried protruding from the abdomen until they are ready to hatch. Common Species Nymphs which hatch from eggs There are about 55 species of cock- and emerge from the ootheca resemble roaches in the United States, but only adult roaches, except that they are 5 species are routine problems in smaller and do not have wings. buildings. Most of the other species Their flattened bodies allow them to live outdoors and, therefore, escape squeeze into crevices, and long, spiny notice; if brought into the building legs enable them to run rapidly. they either leave or die. Unfortunately, Table 1. Life History of Four Common Cockroaches in Kansas Approximate number Average number of offspring possible Average number of capsules produced Length of Average longevity per year beginning of eggs per capsule per female life cycle (days) of adults (days) with one female German 37 7 60–250 140 35,300 American 15 58 320–1070 440 810 Brownbanded 16 10 140–380 110 680 Oriental 14 14 210–990 100 200 6 Pests Usually four species of cockroaches favor the black in color. The capsule is dropped buildings of people as a home. from the female, or she glues it to a Reproducing protected surface, 24 hours after it is German Cockroach formed. Nymphs hatch in 50 to Indoors (Blattella germanica) 55 days and are grayish brown, The adult German cockroach is gradually becoming reddish brown 1 5 light brown and ⁄2 to ⁄8 inch long. The as they mature. head shield is marked with two dark stripes that run lengthwise.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Delusions of Parasitosis; an Irrational Fear of Insects Explained
    FACT SHEET DELUSORY PARASITOSIS. THE BELIEF OF BEING LIVED ON BY ARTHROPODS OR OTHER ORGANISMS. Guide for Health Departments, Medical Communities, and Pest Management Professionals Dr. Gale E. Ridge Department of Entomology The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station Introduction Delusory parasitosis, an unshakable belief or syndrome (Hopkinson 1970) of being attacked by insects, is a very difficult and under-diagnosed condition. It often starts with an actual event or medical condition (the trigger) that may progress over time into mental illness. For those who have had the problem over long time periods, the condition can sometimes consume a person’s life. Although patients may repeatedly seek help from experts, they may refuse to abandon their ideas for test results which contradict their invested beliefs (Sneddon 1983). Sufferers can become antagonistic and relentless in their need to find someone who will confirm their self-diagnoses (Murray and Ash 2004). Those with the obsession, often search the internet, finding web-sites that support their fears. Often under the falsehood of medical authority, some of these sites provide misguided advice and inaccurate information. Poorly informed misdiagnoses by medical professionals may also contribute to the problem. This is a very complex and difficult condition to manage, requiring dedication and time by trained professionals or an interdisciplinary team of experts. Naming the syndrome Because delusory parasitosis (DP) is medically amorphous, several medical specialists have been involved, e.g., psychiatrists, physicians, dermatologists, and medical entomologists. All have tried to define the condition. The term delusions of parasitosis was coined by Wilson and Miller (1946) dispelling earlier use of the words acarophobia (Thibierge 1894), entomophobia, and parasitophobia.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Phobias: Beaten by a Rod Or Instrument of Punishment, Or of # Being Severely Criticized — Rhabdophobia
    Beards — Pogonophobia. List of Phobias: Beaten by a rod or instrument of punishment, or of # being severely criticized — Rhabdophobia. Beautiful women — Caligynephobia. 13, number — Triskadekaphobia. Beds or going to bed — Clinophobia. 8, number — Octophobia. Bees — Apiphobia or Melissophobia. Bicycles — Cyclophobia. A Birds — Ornithophobia. Abuse, sexual — Contreltophobia. Black — Melanophobia. Accidents — Dystychiphobia. Blindness in a visual field — Scotomaphobia. Air — Anemophobia. Blood — Hemophobia, Hemaphobia or Air swallowing — Aerophobia. Hematophobia. Airborne noxious substances — Aerophobia. Blushing or the color red — Erythrophobia, Airsickness — Aeronausiphobia. Erytophobia or Ereuthophobia. Alcohol — Methyphobia or Potophobia. Body odors — Osmophobia or Osphresiophobia. Alone, being — Autophobia or Monophobia. Body, things to the left side of the body — Alone, being or solitude — Isolophobia. Levophobia. Amnesia — Amnesiphobia. Body, things to the right side of the body — Anger — Angrophobia or Cholerophobia. Dextrophobia. Angina — Anginophobia. Bogeyman or bogies — Bogyphobia. Animals — Zoophobia. Bolsheviks — Bolshephobia. Animals, skins of or fur — Doraphobia. Books — Bibliophobia. Animals, wild — Agrizoophobia. Bound or tied up — Merinthophobia. Ants — Myrmecophobia. Bowel movements, painful — Defecaloesiophobia. Anything new — Neophobia. Brain disease — Meningitophobia. Asymmetrical things — Asymmetriphobia Bridges or of crossing them — Gephyrophobia. Atomic Explosions — Atomosophobia. Buildings, being close to high
    [Show full text]
  • Delusion of Parasitosis: Case Report and Current Concept of Management
    Acta Dermatovenerol Croat 2011;19(2):110-116 CASE REPORT Delusion of Parasitosis: Case Report and Current Concept of Management Mirna Šitum1, Iva Dediol1, Marija Buljan1, Maja Vurnek Živković1, Danijel Buljan2 1Department of Dermatology and Venereology; 2Department of Psychiatry, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia Corresponding author: SUmmARY Delusions of parasitosis (DP) is a primary psychiatric dis- Professor Mirna Šitum, MD, PhD order, a type of monosymptomatic hypochondriac psychosis in which patients believe that ‘bugs’ or ‘parasites’ have infested their skin or that Department of Dermatology and Venereology they have even spread into their visceral organs. Patients with DP usu- Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center ally approach different medical specialists, mostly dermatologists and Vinogradska c. 29 primary care physicians because of symptoms presenting as crawling under their skin. Therefore, the exact prevalence of DP is unknown. It HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia is believed that it is a rare disorder but different studies indicate that [email protected] the prevalence is greater than presented. The etiology of this disorder is still unclear. Patients with DP come to a physician with a stereotypic history. Usually the patient has previously addressed many other dif- Received: September 2, 2010 ferent specialists and symptoms are usually present for several months Accepted: April 1, 2011 to years. The main cutaneous symptom is crawling, biting and pruritus due to ‘burrowing of parasites, insects or bugs’ under the skin. Patients with DP are rare but can be very challenging for making the correct diagnosis and for the treatment as well. It is essential to distinguish primary from secondary disorder since the approach to these patients is different.
    [Show full text]
  • Past Life Regression
    Past Life Regression Past life regression is a technique that uses hypnosis to recover the memories of past lives or incarnations. Past-life regression is typically undertaken either in pursuit of a spiritual experience, or in a psychotherapeutic setting. Most advocates loosely adhere to beliefs about reincarnation, though religious traditions that incorporate reincarnation generally do not include the idea of repressed memories of past lives. The technique used during past-life regression involves the subject answering a series of questions while hypnotized to reveal identity and events of their past lives. The use of hypnosis and suggestive questions can tend to help the subject to recall his past memories. The source of the memories is more likely that of combine experiences, knowledge, imagination and suggestion or guidance from the hypnotist or regression therapist. Once created, those memories are indistinguishable from memories based on events that occurred during the subject's life. Experiments with subjects undergoing past-life regression indicate that a belief in reincarnation and suggestions by the hypnotist are the two most important factors regarding the contents of memories reported. In the 2nd century BC, Sage Patanjali, in his Yoga Sutras, discussed the idea of the soul becoming burdened with an accumulation of impressions as part of the karma from previous lives. Patanjali called the process of past-life regression “prati- prasav”or "reverse birthing" and saw it as addressing current problems through memories of past lives. Past life regression can be found in Jainism. The seven truths of Jainism deal with the soul and its attachment to karma and Moksha.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Phobias and Simple Cures.Pdf
    Phobia This article is about the clinical psychology. For other uses, see Phobia (disambiguation). A phobia (from the Greek: φόβος, Phóbos, meaning "fear" or "morbid fear") is, when used in the context of clinical psychology, a type of anxiety disorder, usually defined as a persistent fear of an object or situation in which the sufferer commits to great lengths in avoiding, typically disproportional to the actual danger posed, often being recognized as irrational. In the event the phobia cannot be avoided entirely the sufferer will endure the situation or object with marked distress and significant interference in social or occupational activities.[1] The terms distress and impairment as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV-TR) should also take into account the context of the sufferer's environment if attempting a diagnosis. The DSM-IV-TR states that if a phobic stimulus, whether it be an object or a social situation, is absent entirely in an environment - a diagnosis cannot be made. An example of this situation would be an individual who has a fear of mice (Suriphobia) but lives in an area devoid of mice. Even though the concept of mice causes marked distress and impairment within the individual, because the individual does not encounter mice in the environment no actual distress or impairment is ever experienced. Proximity and the degree to which escape from the phobic stimulus should also be considered. As the sufferer approaches a phobic stimulus, anxiety levels increase (e.g. as one gets closer to a snake, fear increases in ophidiophobia), and the degree to which escape of the phobic stimulus is limited and has the effect of varying the intensity of fear in instances such as riding an elevator (e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Psychopathology-Madjirova.Pdf
    NADEJDA PETROVA MADJIROVA PSYCHOPATHOLOGY psychophysiological and clinical aspects PLOVDIV 2005 I devote this book to all my patients that shared with me their intimate problems. © Nadejda Petrova Madjirova, 2015 PSYCHOPATHOLOGY: PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL AND CLINICAL ASPECTS Prof. Dr. Nadejda Petrova Madjirova, MD, PhD, DMSs Reviewer: Prof. Rumen Ivandv Stamatov, PhD, DPS Prof. Drozdstoj Stoyanov Stoyanov, PhD, MD Design: Nadejda P. Madjirova, MD, PhD, DMSc. Prepress: Galya Gerasimova Printed by ISBN I. COMMON ASPECTS IN PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY “A wise man ought to realize that health is his most valuable possession” Hippocrates C O N T E N T S I. Common aspects in psychophysiology. ..................................................1 1. Some aspects on brain structure. ....................................................5 2. Lateralisation of the brain hemispheres. ..........................................7 II. Experimental Psychology. ..................................................................... 11 1. Ivan Petrovich Pavlov. .................................................................... 11 2. John Watson’s experiments with little Albert. .................................15 III. Psychic spheres. ...................................................................................20 1. Perception – disturbances..............................................................21 2. Disturbances of Will .......................................................................40 3. Emotions ........................................................................................49
    [Show full text]
  • Entomophobia and Arachnophobia Among School-Age Children: a Psychological Approach
    Shiraz E-Med J. 2018 July; 19(7):e64824. doi: 10.5812/semj.64824. Published online 2018 June 12. Research Article Entomophobia and Arachnophobia Among School-Age Children: A Psychological Approach Marziae Shahriari-Namadi,1 Hamid Reza Tabatabaei,2 and Aboozar Soltani3,* 1Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 2Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 3Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran *Corresponding author: Aboozar Soltani, PhD, Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Tel: +98-7137251001-6 ext. 357, Fax: +98-7137260225, E-mail: [email protected] Received 2017 December 05; Revised 2018 January 28; Accepted 2018 February 01. Abstract Background: Entomophobia/arachnophobia is an irrational fear of insects and ticks and is considered among the most serious psychological problems, demanding professional treatments. Objectives: The present study aimed at identifying the prevalence of entomophobia and arachnophobia as well as recognizing the factors affecting it among elementary and high school students of Shiraz, southwest Iran. Methods: A total of 531 questionnaires were distributed randomly among female and male students in elementary and secondary schools, studying in four school districts of Shiraz. Results: Overall, 260 interviewed students (49%) were female and 271 (51%) were male. Furthermore, 35.8% of all subjects were afraid of insects and spiders and 52.45% of the individuals had a feeling of disgust about them.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review of Delusions of Parasitosis, Part 1: Presentation and Diagnosis
    CONTINUING MEDICAL EDUCATION A Review of Delusions of Parasitosis, Part 1: Presentation and Diagnosis Rachel Bak, MD; Phani Tumu, MD; Christina Hui, MD; David Kay, BA; Julie Burnett; David Peng, MD GOAL To understand delusions of parasitosis (DOP) to better manage patients with the condition OBJECTIVES Upon completion of this activity, dermatologists and general practitioners should be able to: 1. Identify criteria for diagnosing DOP. 2. Describe features associated with DOP. 3. Discuss possible causes of DOP. CME Test on page 136. This article has been peer reviewed and approved Einstein College of Medicine is accredited by by Michael Fisher, MD, Professor of Medicine, the ACCME to provide continuing medical edu- Albert Einstein College of Medicine. Review date: cation for physicians. July 2008. Albert Einstein College of Medicine designates This activity has been planned and imple- this educational activity for a maximum of 1 AMA mented in accordance with the Essential Areas PRA Category 1 CreditTM. Physicians should only and Policies of the Accreditation Council for claim credit commensurate with the extent of their Continuing Medical Education through the participation in the activity. joint sponsorship of Albert Einstein College of This activity has been planned and produced in Medicine and Quadrant HealthCom, Inc. Albert accordance with ACCME Essentials. Drs. Bak, Tumu, Hui, and Peng; Mr. Kay; and Ms. Burnett report no conflict of interest. The authors report no discussion of off-label use. Dr. Fisher reports no conflict of interest. Delusions of parasitosis (DOP), a psychiatric and treatment with psychotropic medications. We disorder in which patients erroneously insist discuss the classification, epidemiology, clinical that they are infested with parasites, remains a presentation, etiology, associated features, and fascinating entity with elusive origins.
    [Show full text]
  • Anxiety Disorder Anxiety Disorder
    Psychiatric Nursing: ANXIETY DISORDER ANXIETY DISORDER ANXIETY • A subjective and individual experience characterized by feeling of apprehension, uneasiness, uncertainty, or dread that warns a person of actual or imagined, misperceived or misinterpreted danger. It is often preceded by new and unknown situations or experiences that threaten the security, self-concept, self-esteem or identity of the person. • It is manifested by both psychological and physiological symptoms • It is a normal response to stressor but no identifiable, specific or certain cause Fear – object can be identified 2 PRIMARY PURPOSES OF ANXIETY 1. Alerts the person to an actual or impending danger 2. Prepares the person to take defensive action (fight or flight) TYPES of ANXIETY 1. Normal – a healthy type of anxiety that mobilizes a person to action 2. Acute – precipitated by imminent loss or change that threatens the sense of security 3. Chronic – anxiety that the individual has lived with for a long time LEVELS OF ANXIETY MILD ANXIETY MODERATE SEVERE PANIC ANXIETY ANXIETY ANXIETY PSYCHOLOGICAL RESPONSES 1 Gerald T. Evangelista, RN, MAN Psychiatric Nursing: ANXIETY DISORDER • Wide • Perceptual field • Perceptual field • Perceptual field perceptual field narrowed to reduced to one reduced to • Sharpened immediate task detail or focus on self senses • Selectively scattered • Cannot process • Increased attentive details any motivation • Cannot connect • Cannot environmental • Effective thoughts or complete tasks stimuli problem- events • Cannot solve • Distorted solving
    [Show full text]
  • List of Phobias
    Important Phobias - List Of Phobias List Of Phobias Achluophobia - Fear of darkness Acrophobia - Fear of heights Aerophobia - Fear of flying Algophobia - Fear of pain Agoraphobia - Fear of open spaces or crowds Aichmophobia - Fear of needles or pointed objects Amaxophobia - Fear of riding in a car Androphobia - Fear of men Anginophobia - Fear of angina or choking Anthrophobia - Fear of flowers Anthropophobia - Fear of people or society Aphenphosmphobia - Fear of being touched Arachibutyrophobia - Fear of peanut butter Arachnophobia - Fear of spiders Arithmophobia - Fear of numbers Astraphobia - Fear of thunder and lightning Ataxophobia - Fear of disorder or untidiness Atelophobia - Fear of imperfection Atychiphobia - Fear of failure Automatonophobia - Fear of Human-Like Figures Autophobia - Fear of being alone Bacteriophobia - Fear of bacteria Barophobia - Fear of gravity Bathmophobia - Fear of stairs or steep slopes Batrachophobia - Fear of amphibians Belonephobia - Fear of pins and needles Bibliophobia - Fear of books Botanophobia - Fear of plants Cacophobia - Fear of ugliness Catagelophobia - Fear of being ridiculed Catoptrophobia - Fear of mirrors Chionophobia - Fear of snow Chromophobia - Fear of colors Chronomentrophobia - Fear of clocks Chronophobia - Fear of Time Claustrophobia - Fear of confined spaces Coulrophobia - Fear of clowns Cyberphobia - Fear of computers Cynophobia - Fear of dogs Dendrophobia - Fear of trees Dentophobia - Fear of dentists Domatophobia - Fear of houses Dystychiphobia - Fear of accidents Ecophobia - Fear
    [Show full text]
  • Ekbom Syndrome: the Challenge of “Invisible Bug” Infestations
    ANRV397-EN55-05 ARI 1 November 2009 10:18 Ekbom Syndrome: The Challenge of “Invisible Bug” Infestations Nancy C. Hinkle Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2603; email: [email protected] Annu. Rev. Entomol. 2010. 55:77–94 by University of Georgia on 01/05/10. For personal use only. Key Words First published online as a Review in Advance on parasitosis, delusion, invisible bug, infestation, formication August 11, 2009 The Annual Review of Entomology is online at Abstract Annu. Rev. Entomol. 2010.55:77-94. Downloaded from arjournals.annualreviews.org ento.annualreviews.org Ekbom Syndrome is synonymous with delusory parasitosis, a belief that This article’s doi: one’s body is infested by invisible bugs. Persons suffering from this syn- 10.1146/annurev.ento.54.110807.090514 drome often claim to feel dermal sensations and to visualize the bugs, Copyright c 2010 by Annual Reviews. although no one else can see them. Ekbom Syndrome is a delusional All rights reserved condition; it is intractable and cannot be corrected by argument or evi- 0066-4170/10/0107-0077$20.00 dence. Ekbom Syndrome sufferers exhibit a range of predictable behav- iors in their attempts to eliminate their infestations, including seeking identifications and treatment from physicians and entomologists. Fre- quently they also experience comorbid psychological conditions. Be- cause this is a delusional affliction, successful treatment typically re- quires neuroleptic medications, necessitating intervention by medical professionals. 77 ANRV397-EN55-05 ARI 1 November 2009 10:18 INTRODUCTION Those afflicted with ES often experience visual and tactile hallucinations perceived as Ekbom Syndrome (ES) is the clinical term for bugs crawling in or on the skin (46, 119).
    [Show full text]
  • 137 Why Behavior Analysts Should Study Emotion
    JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS 1998, 31, 137±156 NUMBER 1(SPRING 1998) WHY BEHAVIOR ANALYSTS SHOULD STUDY EMOTION: THE EXAMPLE OF ANXIETY PATRICK C. FRIMAN FATHER FLANAGAN'S BOYS' HOME AND CREIGHTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AND STEVEN C. HAYES AND KELLY G. WILSON UNIVERSITY OF NEVADA Historically, anxiety has been a dominant subject in mainstream psychology but an in- cidental or even insigni®cant one in behavior analysis. We discuss several reasons for this discrepancy. We follow with a behavior-analytic conceptualization of anxiety that could just as easily be applied to emotion in general. Its primary points are (a) that language- able humans have an extraordinary capacity to derive relations between events and that it is a simple matter to show that neutral stimuli can acquire discriminative functions indirectly with no direct training; (b) that private events can readily acquire discriminative functions; (c) that anxiety disorders seem to occur with little apparent direct learning or that the amount of direct learning is extraordinarily out of proportion with the amount of responding; and (d) that the primary function of anxious behavior is experiential avoidance. We conclude that the most interesting aspects of anxiety disorders may occur as a function of derived rather than direct relations between public events and overt and private responses with avoidance functions. Implicit in this conclusion and explicit in the paper is the assertion that anxiety is a suitable subject for behavior-analytic study. DESCRIPTORS: anxiety, emotion, avoidance, stimulus equivalence, relational frame theory Anxiety is a topic of primary importance orders. There are several peer-reviewed jour- in most approaches to psychopathology.
    [Show full text]